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It’s Grammar Time 1 Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley
ISBN 978-1-4715-3802-5
It’s Gram
mar T
ime 1
Virg
inia E
vans - Jen
ny D
oo
ley
It’s Grammar Time is a series of four grammar books in fullcolour. Designed for learners of English at beginner tointermediate level, they systematically present, providepractice of and revise English grammar structures. The series can be used to supplement any main coursebookand is suitable both for self-study and classroom use.
Key Features• clear, simple situational presentation of grammar
structures through pictures and jokes
• attractive photographs and illustrations
• comprehensive theory boxes with examples
• a variety of graded exercises where students practisegrammar structures taught in context
• speaking and writing activities at the end of each unitaiming to activate grammar structures taught in context
• regular revision units
• further practice material
• regular Exploring Grammar sections
ComponentsStudent’s BookTeacher’s BookTest BookletTest Booklet CD-ROM
A1+
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Contents
Unit 1 a/an/the ........................................... p. 5
Unit 2 The imperative ................................ p. 6
Unit 3 The verb can ................................... p. 8
Unit 4 The verb to be ................................. p. 10
Unit 5 Personal subject – object pronouns . p. 13
Unit 6 Possessive adjectives ....................... p. 15
Unit 7 Question words .............................. p. 16
Unit 8 Plurals ............................................. p. 18
Exploring Grammar i (Units 1-8) ........... p. 20
Revision (Units 1-8) .................................. p. 21
Unit 9 there is/there are – a/an – some/any .. p. 22
Unit 10 this/these – that/those ..................... p. 25
Unit 11 Prepositions of place ....................... p. 26
Unit 12 Possessive adjectives/pronouns ........ p. 28
Unit 13 The verb have got ........................... p. 30
Exploring Grammar ii (Units 9-13) ........ p. 32
Revision (Units 1-13) ................................ p. 33
Unit 14 Possessive case ................................ p. 34
Unit 15 Present simple – Adverbs of frequency. p. 36
Unit 16 Have got ......................................... p. 40
Unit 17 Like, love, hate + -ing ....................... p. 41
Exploring Grammar iii (Units 14-17) .... p. 42
Revision (Units 1-17) ................................ p. 43
Unit 18 Present continuous – Present simple vsPresent continuous ......................... p. 44
Unit 19 The definite article ‘the’ .................. p. 50
Unit 20 Prepositions of time ........................ p. 52
Exploring Grammar iv (Units 18-20) .... p. 54
Revision (Units 1-20) ................................ p. 55
Unit 21 was/were ......................................... p. 56
Unit 22 had ................................................. p. 58
Unit 23 could .............................................. p. 59
Unit 24 Past simple (regular verbs) ............... p. 60
Exploring Grammar v (Units 21-24) ..... p. 64
Revision (Units 1-27) ................................ p. 65
Unit 25 Past simple (irregular verbs) ............. p. 66
Unit 26 Adjectives/Adverbs........................... p. 70
Unit 27 Comparisons ................................... p. 72
Exploring Grammar vi (Units 25-27) .... p. 76
Revision (Units 1-27) ................................ p. 77
Unit 28 Future simple – be going to –Future simple vs be going to/Presentcontinuous ...................................... p. 78
Exploring Grammar vii (Unit 28) ........... p. 84
Revision (Units 1-28) ................................ p. 85
Unit 29 Countable/Uncountable nouns –a/an/some/any/no – a lot of /much/many – a few/a little ............... p. 86
Unit 30 Modal verbs .................................... p. 92
Unit 31 Present perfect/Present perfect vspast simple ..................................... p. 96
Exploring Grammar viii (Units 29-31) .. p.100
Revision (Units 1-31) ................................ p.101
Further Practice Material
Multiple choice questions ........................... p.102
Irregular verbs ............................................. p.104
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28 Modal verbs30
must/mustn’t
How good a driver are you? Match the signs to the sentences.2
Look at the pictures and the words in bold. When do we use can, can’t, have to, don’t have to?What other verbs like these do you know?
1
We use must/mustn’t to:• express obligation and duty.
You must obey the law. (It’s your duty.)• give strong advice. You must be polite to your teachers. (I strongly
advise you to be polite to your teachers.) You mustn’t eat toomuch sugar. (I advise you not to eat too much sugar.)
• express prohibition. You mustn’t talk in your classroom.(It’s forbidden.)
can/can’t
have to/don’t have to
Luke can playthe guitar, buthe can’t playthe piano.
We use can/can’t to: • talk about ability. Tina can dance very well. (She is able to.)• ask for or give permission.
Can I go to the cinema tonight? (Is it OK if I ...?) You can use my dictionary. (You are allowed to.)
• show possibility. You can find some really nice gifts here! (It’s possible.)
• make a request. Can I have some tea, please? (Will you give me some tea?)
We use can’t to refuse permission. You can’t go to the cinematonight. (You aren’t allowed to.)
• We use have to to expressobligation and necessity.He has to be at work by 8 o’ clock
every morning. (He is obliged to.)• We use don’t/doesn’t have to
to express lack of obligationand necessity. She doesn’t haveto be at work before 9 o’clock.(She isn’t obliged to.)It’s Sunday. We don’t have to goto school today. (It isn’tnecessary.)
should/shouldn’tWe use should/shouldn’t to giveadvice. You should brush your teethevery day. (I advise you to .../It’s agood idea to ...)You shouldn’t eat much chocolate.(I advise you not to .../It isn’ta good idea to ...)
You mustn’t leave your car here.
You mustn’t drive over 30 miles per hour.
You mustn’t enter.
You mustn’t drive a car here.
You must turn right.
You must stop here.
2
3
4
5
6
1 BNOPARKING
30
BUSESONLY
A B C
D E F
You mustfasten yourseatbelt duringtakeoff.
You mustn’tspeed.
I have to studyhard foruniversity.
I’m so glad it’sSaturday and I don’thave to wake up early!
You shouldexercise every dayand you shouldn’tgive up trying.
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Modal verbs 30 Fill in the gaps with can and can’t.
1 Martha can’t eat unhealthy foods.
2 She ............... do lots of different exercisesin the gym.
3 Martha ............... go out late in the evenings;she has to get enough rest.
4 She ............... skip a training session. It’simportant to train every day.
5 Martha ............... train by herself; shedoesn’t need her coach to help her.
3Martha is a young athlete. Here are somethings that she can/can’t do whiletraining ...
Ken and Robert are flatmates. Here are Kenand Robert’s household chores. Fill in thegaps with have/has to or don’t/doesn’t have to.
4
GYM SAFETY
1 You must/mustn’t warm up before youexercise.
2 You shouldn’t/should drink plenty of water.
3 You mustn’t/should use machines that youdon’t know how to use.
4 You shouldn’t/must always wear loose-fittingclothes.
5 You mustn’t/should ask staff for help.
Read the poster. Then choose the correctadvice.
5
Underline the correct item.
1 Eric is not very healthy; he can/has to stopeating junk food.
2 He can/must lose weight if he exercises.
3 Eric mustn’t/can’t keep snacking duringthe day.
4 Eric should/can always eat breakfast in themorning.
5 He doesn’t have to/can’t diet to loseweight. He can eat healthier foods instead.
6 He can/must join a gym or a sports club ifhe wants to.
7 He can/should try to find time to relax; heworks very hard.
8 Eric shouldn’t/doesn’t have to go to bedlate in the evening. He’ll be tired the nextday.
6Eric is a typical teenager who follows anunhealthy lifestyle. Here are some tips tohelp him improve his lifestyle.
Ken• take out the rubbish ✓
• tidy his room ✓
• cook dinner ✗
• iron his clothes ✗
Robert• do the shopping ✗
• tidy his room ✓
• wash the dishes ✓
• cook dinner ✗
1 Ken has to take out the rubbish.
2 Robert ........................... do the shopping.
3 They ........................... tidy their rooms.
4 Robert ........................... wash the dishes.
5 Ken ........................... iron his clothes.
6 They ........................... cook dinner.
Underline the correct item.
1 A: Can/Must you drive me to the trainstation, Steve?
B: Of course. But you have to/can wait afew minutes till I’m ready.
2 A: I’m really tired today.
B: You can/should make sure you getenough sleep.
3 A: That dish you’re cooking looks lovelyBob.
B: Thanks. I used macaroni, but you haveto/can make it with spaghetti or rice.
4 A: You don’t have to/mustn’t talk in thelibrary. It isn’t allowed.
B: I’m sorry.
5 A: The doctor said that I really can/shouldlose some weight this year.
B: Why don’t you try doing sport?
6 A: You don’t have to/can’t ride your bikeon the pavement; it isn’t allowed.
B: I’m sorry, I didn’t realise.
7 A: You boys mustn’t/couldn’t play in thestreet!
B: You’re right. We’ll go to the park.
8 A: I’m thirsty. Can/Must you bring me aglass of water, please?
B: Sure.
7
30
1 warm up before you do exercise2 drink plenty of water3 don’t use exercise machines that
you don’t know how to use4 wear loose-fitting clothes5 ask staff for help
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Modal verbs30 Match the items in column A to theirsynonyms in column B.
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Complete the sentences using anappropriate modal verb.
1 I strongly advise you not to be late to work.
You mustn’t be late to work.
2 William is obliged to write three essayseach term at college.
William ....................................................................................................................
3 It’s forbidden to drive until you have adriving licence.
You .........................................................................................................................
4 You aren’t obliged to bring a gift to thedinner party.
You .........................................................................................................................
5 Katie is able to cook better than Sandra.
Katie .......................................................................................................................
6 Kate isn’t allowed to stay out late onweekdays.
Kate ........................................................................................................................
7 Is it OK if I borrow some tools from you?
.................................................................................................................................
8 It is our duty to help people in need.
We ..........................................................
................................................................
9 You are allowed to go out tonight.
You ..........................................................................................................................
10 I strongly advise you to bring yourpassport to the airport.
You .........................................................................................................................
9
Rewrite the sentences using the correctform of the modals in the brackets.
1 You have my permission to borrow my car.(can)
You can borrow my car.
2 I strongly advise you to apologise to Tim.(must)
................................................................
3 It isn’t necessary for you to wash the car.(have to)
................................................................
4 It’s forbidden to touch the statues. (must)
................................................................
5 It’s a good idea to save some money.(should)
................................................................
6 Is it OK if I have some of your coffee? (can)
................................................................
7 She’s obliged to wear a uniform at work.(has to)
................................................................
8 You are allowed to take the day off. (can)
................................................................
9 I strongly advise you not to worry. (must)
................................................................
10 Will you help me, please? (can)
................................................................
11
Replace the words in bold with one of themodals in the list.
• shouldn’t • can • has to • mustn’t• don’t have to • should • must • can’t
1 It isn’t necessary to wait for the bus. I’lldrive you home. You don’t have to ... .
2 It isn’t a good idea to eat foods with lotsof fat. You ................................................
3 She is able to dance well. She .........................................................
4 She is obliged to take her dog for a walk.She .........................................................
5 It’s a good idea to follow the recipe whencooking. You ............................................
6 It’s forbidden to take photos in the artgallery. You ..............................................
7 I strongly advise you to respect yourelders. You ..............................................
8 You aren’t allowed to enter the building.You .........................................................
10
a It’s your duty ...
b Is it OK if ...
c You aren’t obliged to...
d I advise you to ...
e It’s forbidden to ...
f You are able to ...
g I advise you not to ...
h You’re obliged to ...
You should ...
You must ...
You don’t haveto ...
Can I ...
You can ...
You mustn’t ...
You have to ...
You shouldn’t ...
2
3
4
5
1 d
6
7
8
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Modal verbs 30
Rewrite the sentences using the correctphrase.
• are not allowed • strongly advise you• is forbidden • advise you • is necessary• is able to • is not necessary • it OK if
1 You mustn’t talk in class.
It is forbidden to talk in class.
2 You shouldn’t eat snacks before dinner.
I ................................... not to eat snacksbefore dinner.
3 Betty can cook very well.
Betty ................................. cook very well.
4 Can I go out with my friends tonight?
Is ................................... I go out with myfriends tonight?
5 You must exercise more.
I ................................... to exercise more.
6 John has to be at work by 9 o’clock.
It ................................... for John to be atwork by 9 o’clock.
7 You can’t go to the party next week.
You .................................... to go to theparty next week.
8 You don’t have to come early today.
It ................................. for you to comeearly today.
13
To be healthy, you should eat lots of fruit andvegetables.
Speaking Your teacher is talking about the
importance of a healthy lifestyle. Look atthe phrases below and tell your classmatesabout what they should/shouldn’t do to behealthy.
Writing Prepare a healthy lifestyle leaflet with tips
about diet and exercise. Say what youshould/shouldn’t do to be healthy. Use theinformation from the Speaking activity andyour own ideas.
Choose the correct answer.
1 Eric ..... wear a suit and tie at work.A can B has to C should
2 You ..... eat so much junk food. It’s bad foryou.A shouldn’t B can’t C don’t have to
3 Sally ..... make great meals.A can B has to C should
4 ..... I use your phone?A Should B Must C Can
5 You ..... park here. It’s forbidden.A shouldn’t B don’t have toC mustn’t
6 You can go out but you ..... be home by11 pm!A can B must C should
7 You ..... buy delicious ice cream here.A must B can C have to
8 Tom ..... work on Monday. It’s his day off.A shouldn’t B mustn’tC doesn’t have to
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• eat lots of fruit and vegetables ✓• exercise regularly ✓• eat sweets or junk food ✗• drink plenty of water ✓• skip breakfast ✗• get at least 8 hours of sleep each
night ✗
Do’s• You should eat lots of fruit and
vegetables.• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................
Don’ts• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................• ...........................................................
Having a healthy lifestyle is important,here’s what you can do:
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Present perfect31
Form
Affirmative
Long Form Short Form
I/You He/She/It We/You/They
havehashave
‘ve‘s‘ve
cleanedeaten
Interrogative
Have Has Have
I/youhe/she/itwe/you/they
cleaned?eaten?
Short Answers
Yes, I/you have.Yes, he/she/it has.Yes, we/you/they have.
No, I/you haven’t.No, he/she/it hasn’t.No, we/you/they haven’t.
subject + have/has + past participle
• We form the present perfect with the auxiliary verb have/has and the past participle of the main verb. Weform the past participle of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. work – worked.
• We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. do – done (See the list of irregular verbs.)• We form the interrogative by putting have/has before the subject. Have you written your report?• We form the negative by putting not after have/ has. Kevin hasn’t left yet.
Have you put some freshwater in the fish bowl?
No, the fish haven’tdrunk what was in it yet.
Negative
Long Form Short Form
I/You He/She/It We/You/They
have nothas nothave not
haven’thasn’thaven’t
cleanedeaten
Use
We use the present perfect for:• actions which happened at an
unspecified time in the past. Theexact time is not mentioned becauseit is not important. He’s bought a newyacht. (When did he buy it? We don’tmention the exact time because it is notimportant. What is important is that he’sgot a yacht.)
• actions which started in the past andstill continue in the present. She haslived in this flat since 2010. (She moved tothe flat in 2010 and she still lives there.)
• actions which have recently finishedand their results are visible in thepresent.He has just painted the fence. (We know itbecause we can see the fence freshlypainted.)
• experiences. I’ve tried kayaking.
Time words used with the present perfect:• already (normally in affirmative sentences) You don’t have
to go to the supermarket. I’ve already done the shopping.• yet (normally in interrogative and negative sentences) Have
you finished your essay yet? I haven’t emailed John yet.• just (normally in affirmative statements to show that an
action finished a few minutes earlier) Mum’s just finisheddoing the laundry.
• ever (normally in affirmative and interrogative sentences)This is the best book I have ever read! Have you ever flown on aplane?
• never (negative meaning) She’s never tried Indian food.• for (= over a period of time) Peter has known Steve for four
years.• since (= from a starting point in the past) I haven’t seen Bob
since Sunday.• recently (normally in affirmative sentences) Tom has
recently bought a boat.• so far (normally in affirmative statements) They’ve visited two
art galleries so far.• this month/week/year I have visited my grandparents twice
this week.
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Present perfect 31 Look at the joke and the words in bold. How do we form the present perfect? When do we usethe present perfect?
1
Put the verbs in the present perfect.2This is Mr Jackson’s family and whatthey have done so far in their life.
1 In my life, I have sung (sing) in a choir.
2 My grandson ................. (play) many sports.
3 My wife ..................... (read) a lot of novels.
4 My daughter-in-law ..................... (write) achildren’s book.
5 My wife and I ..................... (watch) manygreat films.
6 My son and his wife ..................... (travel)around the world.
7 My son ..................... (meet) some famouspeople.
8 My granddaughter ..................... (learn) tospeak French.
Lisa is in Paris on holidays. Write what shehas or hasn’t done. Use already or yet.
3
1 Lisa has already visited the Eiffel Tower.
2 ................................................................
................................................................
3 ................................................................
................................................................
4 ................................................................
................................................................
5 ................................................................
................................................................
Put the verbs in brackets into the correctform of the present perfect.
1 They have decided (decide) to eat Italian.
2 Stephen ...................... (book) a table.
3 They ...................... (not/eat) there yet.
4 They ...................... (ask) their friends Tomand Alice to join them.
5 They ......................... (organise) to meetthem at 8 pm.
6 Karen ..................... (not/get) dressed yet.
4
Stephen and Karen are going outtonight. Here’s what they have/haven’tdone yet.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correctform of the present perfect.
5
Rachael: 1) Have you seen (you/see) my newrecipe book?
Ann: No, you 2) ........................................(not/show) it to me yet.
Rachael: It has a lot of recipes for Thai dishes. I3) .................................... (never/eat)Thai food.
Ann: Why don’t we cook something now?4) ...................................... (you/find)anything you’d like to try?
Rachael: Well, I wanted to cook a dish called homok pla but I 5) ..................................(not/buy) the ingredients yet.
Ann: Let’s get them now then. We6) ..................................... (not/cook)together for a long time. It will be fun!
Complete the questions using the verbsfrom the list in the present perfect. Thenanswer about you.
• drive • go • try • run
1 A: Have you ever driven a car?
B: Yes, I have./No I haven’t.
2 A: ................................... a marathon?
B: .........................................................
3 A: ................................. bungee jumping?
B: .........................................................
4 A: ................................... on a boat ride?
B: .........................................................
6
• visit the Eiffel Tower ✓• send postcards to her
family ✗• go souvenir shopping ✗• take videos on her
camcorder ✓• go on a boat ride on the
River Seine ✗
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Present perfect vs Past simple31
John works as a waiter. Read about his experience andfill in the gaps with the correct words from the list.
• just • ago • never • so far • since • yesterday • for• ever • yet • already
1 I’ve been a waiter since 1st July.
2 I’ve .................. worked in a restaurant before, so it’sbeen very interesting.
3 I’ve worked until midnight twice .................. this week.
4 I stayed very late .................. .
5 I’ve only been in the job two weeks, but I’ve ..................received my first wages.
6 I haven’t received any complaints from customers.................. which is good.
7 I have .................. returned home from the restaurantand I feel a bit tired!
8 I took a day off two days ................... .
9 I haven’t spoken to the manager .................. two weeks.
10 Have you .................. worked as a waiter?
8
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or thepresent perfect.
1 First Kate chopped (chop) the onions and then she............................... (add) them to the soup.
2 The Smith family ............................. (be) to Italy recently.They ............................... (go) there on holiday in 2011.
3 I think Jim ........................................ (forget) about ourdinner plans. He ............................... (not/say) anythingabout it yesterday.
4 Last week Sarah .................................... (drop) a pot ofboiling water and ................................. (burn) her leg.
5 I ............................. (just/finish) preparing for the dinnerparty. I .......................................... (bake) the roast lastnight and .................................... (make) the salad thisafternoon.
7 Put the verbs in brackets intothe past simple or the presentperfect.
1 A: Have you ever cooked(you/ever/cook) lasagna?
B: Yes, I ..............................(make) some last week.
2 A: I .....................................(not/see) Grace for ages!
B: Really? She .....................(be) at the office thismorning.
3 A: .......................................(they/visit) the new Italianrestaurant yet?
B: Yes, they .........................(go) last weekend.
4 A: .......................................(Sophie/find) a new flat?
B: Yes. She .........................(move) in last week.
5 A: How long ........................(you/know) Ken?
B: I .....................................(know) him since secondaryschool.
6 A: .......................................(you/clean) the dishes yet?
B: Yes. I ..............................(wash) them an hour ago.
7 A: .......................................(they/ever/travel) toChina?
B: No, they ..........................(never/be) there.
9
Present perfect vs Past simple
We use the present perfect:• for actions which happened at an unstated time
in the past.He has bought a new car. (When did he buy it? Wedon’t know the exact time.)
• for actions or states which began in the pastand continue up to the present.I have been a doctor for two years. (I’m still a doctor.)
We use the past simple:• for actions or states which finished at a stated
or implied time in the past.He bought this car five years ago. (When did he buyit? Five years ago. -in a particular time in the past)
• for actions or states which finished in the past.I was a medical student ten years ago. (I’m not astudent anymore. I’m a doctor.)
Time words/phrases we use with the presentperfect are: just, ever, never, already, yet, always,how long, so far, for, since, recently, etc.
Time words/phrases we use with the past simpleare: yesterday, last night/week/month/year, ago,then, when, in 2004, etc.
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Present perfect vs Past simple 31 Put the verbs in brackets into the presentperfect or the past simple.
10
A: 1) Have you worked (you/work)at the Belle Temps for a longtime?
B: Yes, 2) I ....................................(become) a chef at the BelleTemps in 1990.
A: When 3) .................................. (you/decide)you wanted to become a chef?
B: When I was a child, I 4) .............................(always/have) an interest in food. So, aftersecondary school, I 5) .............................(choose) to study cookery in college.
A: 6) ............................. (you/ever/appear) onany TV shows?
B: Actually, for the last two years I7) ............................ (host) my own cookeryshow. It’s on Channel 6.
A: Do you go abroad in your work?B: No. I 8) ............................. (never/travel)
outside of England. Next year, I’m going toGermany for a holiday, though and I’ll try toget an idea of the German cuisine.
Circle the correct item.
1 James ..... in Spain when he was a student.A lived B has lived C live
2 I ..... there for the first time last Saturday.A eat B ate C have eaten
3 I bought this carton of milk a week ..... . A since B ago C yet
4 Alice and Wendy ..... awake since 6 o’clock.A have been B were C are
5 Richard has worked as a chef ..... four years.A in B since C for
6 ..... the shopping yet?A Do you do B Did you doC Have you done
7 It’s been really hot ..... yesterday.A since B for C yet
8 We ..... this café lots of times.A have visited B visited C visit
9 I ..... my work. Can I go, now?A finish B have finishedC am finishing
10 Ben ..... on a new book at the moment.A is working B workC has worked
11
Complete the email with the presentperfect or the past simple.
12
Writing Use the Speaking activity to write an
email to your friend about your festivalexperience. Use the text in Ex. 12 as amodel.
Hi Joe,
Tom and I are in town for the Apple festival.We arrived two days ago and ...
Speaking Imagine you are attending a festival. Look
at the notes and in pairs, ask and answerquestions about what you did and whatyou have/haven’t done so far.
• arrive (two days ago) ✓• do lots of things (already) ✓• enter a baking contest (yesterday morning) ✓• compete in a festival fun race ✓ (yesterday
afternoon)• try many pies and cakes (so far) ✓• attend the festival parade (yet) ✗• make an apple pie (yet) ✗
A: When did you arrive at the festival?
B: We arrived two days ago.
A: What have you already done?
B: We have already done lots of things.
Hi Sharon, Betty and I are in town for the next few days for theStrawberry Festival. We 1) arrived (arrive) yesterday andwe 2) .............................. (already/do) lots of things. Yesterday, we 3) ............................. (walk) around the foodstalls and 4) ................................ (eat) lots of homemadestrawberry ice cream and cake. We even 5) ..........................(take) part in a strawberry eating contest but we6) .................................... (not/win). I 7) .......................................(never/eat) so many strawberries before in my life! Inthe asternoon, we 8) .................................. (attend) a streetparade with colourful floats. It 9) ................................. (be)great. But we 10) ........................................... (not/compete)yet in the festival fun race.What about you? 11) ...........................................................(you/ever/visit) a food festival?Chloe
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Exploring Grammar (Units 29-31)viiiPresent perfect
a) Read the text and circle all the verbs inthe present perfect. Which refer to:
A) experiences?
B) actions which happened at an unspecifiedtime in the past?
C) actions which started in the past and stillcontinue in the present?
1
b) What other uses of the present perfectdo you know?
c) How do we form the negative andinterrogative of the present perfect? Findexamples in the text.
b) How do a little/little, a few/few differ inmeaning? Give examples.
c) Choose the correct item.
1 There isn’t many/much milk in my coffee.
2 There is a little/a few ice cream left.
3 He’s got very few/little friends.
4 How many/much apples are in the bowl?
5 There are a little/a few crisps in the bag.
A: There aren’t many free tables in the restauranttonight.
B: I know. It’s really popular. The food here is great!A: Have you been here before then? B: Yes, they serve a lot of interesting pasta and
seafood. Look at the menu.A: Yes, I see. I’ve never tried squid ink pasta! B: it. I’ve ordered it and it’s delicious!A: OK, then. What are you having? B: I’ve chosen a ‘Build-your-own’ pizza.
whatever you want to go on thetop.
A: How much does it cost? B: £5.99 and then 50p for every topping. I’m
having tomatoes, some mushrooms, a fewpeppers - and cheese of course!
A: Are you having any olives?B: No olives - I can’t stand them! I’ll have a little
sauce, though.A: What about something to drink?B: I haven’t decided yet. What are you having?A: A glass of juice.
You should try
You can pick
Modal verbs
a) Read the text and match the highlightedverb forms to their use:
• advice • possibility
3
Countable/Uncountable nouns
Underline the uncountable and countablenouns in the text and write C for countableand U for uncountable.
4
a/an – some/any/no
When do we use a/an/some/any/no? Findexamples in the text.
5
much/many – a lot of – a few/A little
a) Find and underline all the examples ofmuch, many, a lot of, a few, a little in thetext. Then write whether each word isfollowed by C (countable) and U(uncountable nouns).
• a lot + .......... • much + ..........• many + .......... • (a) little ..........• (a) few + ..........
6
b) Which modals do we use to expressability? To give very strong advice/duty? Toask for or give permission? To expressobligation and necessity? Give examples.
c) Underline the correct item. Write theirsynonym.
1 Beth mustn’t/can’t cook very well. (isn’table to)
2 You can’t/shouldn’t eat too many sweets..................................
3 No, you can’t/mustn’t stay out late tonight..................................
4 You don’t have to/mustn’t book a table atthis restaurant. .................................
5 You must/should obey the law..................................
Present perfect vs Past simple
Name the tenses of the verbs in bold in thesentences (1-2) and then match them totheir uses (A-B).
a past action that happened at an unstatedtime in the past.
a past action that happened at a statedtime in the past.
1 We met our friend John last Friday.
2 He’s met David Beckham, a famous footballer.
2
A
B
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Revision (Units 1-31) viii
1 Tim ..... two museums in London so far.A visited B has visited C visits
2 You ..... eat in the library. It’s the rule.A mustn’t B don’t have toC shouldn’t
3 How ..... orange juice is there in the fridge? A much B many C a lot of
4 Eric hasn’t finished his dinner ..... .A just B yet C ever
5 Anna ..... a delicious cake yesterday.A has made B made C makes
6 ..... keys are those? A Which B Who C Whose
7 ..... is a hat on the table. Is it yours?A It B That C There
8 Ken is the smartest ..... all students.A in B of C than
9 He likes ..... to jazz music.A listen B to listen C listening
10 They travelled to Paris a week ..... . A ago B since C last
11 Carrie dances ..... than her sister.A best B well C better
12 Kangaroos ..... in Australia.A are living B live C lives
13 Jack is ..... taller than Larry. A less B much C very
14 My ..... name is Larry.A uncles B uncle’s C uncles’
15 The train leaves ..... ten minutes. A at B on C in
16 There are two ..... in my bag.A scarfs B scarves C scarfes
17 “..... do you go to the gym?” “Twice aweek.”A Where B How often C Why
18 ..... Amy got fair hair and blue eyes? A Have B Haven’t C Has
19 This is my friend from Italy. ..... name is Lucia. A Her B She C Hers
Choose the correct item.1
A In 1) ..................... USA, there are lots2) ................ amazing gyms. One gym though,likes 3) ............... (help) the environment whileyou exercise. At the Green Microgym, there4) ............................ exercise machines whichproduce electricity when you use 5) ...............!This clean energy powers the whole gym. So,you 6) ................ exercise without harming theenvironment.
B Scientists 1) ................ (just/discover) anamazing new species of lizard. Its name is theleaf-tailed gecko and it 2) ................ (live) inAustralia. It hides 3) under/in front of rocksduring the day and hunts 4) ................ night.Leaf-tailed geckos have got 5) ................ (big)eyes than other lizards and are one of the6) ................ (rare) species of lizard on Earth.
C Fugu is 1) ................ traditional speciality dishof Japan. It is 2) ................ Japanese word forpufferfish. You can eat it with 3) some/a fewsalad or on its own, but be careful! The meatof this fish is very poisonous and chefs 4) haveto/can cook it 5) ................ (careful).
Fill in the correct form of the words inbrackets, choose the correct word or fillin the gap.
Grammar in Focus
20 We have ..... oranges left. A a little B a few C a lot
21 Henry ..... a film at the moment.A watches B is watchingC watched
22 Can I have ..... slice of bread, please?A a B some C any
23 It’s hot. I ..... the window.A ’ll open B ’m going to openC ’m opening
24 It’s sunny. You ..... take an umbrella. A mustn’t B don’t have toC can’t
25 The cat is ..... the table.A in B between C under
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