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Chapter 02-Chapter 02-Introducing Operating Introducing Operating

SystemsSystems

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Introducing Operating Introducing Operating SystemsSystemsIn this chapter you will learn:In this chapter you will learn:• About the various operating systems About the various operating systems

and the differences between themand the differences between them• How an OS interfaces with users, files, How an OS interfaces with users, files,

and folders, applications, and hardwareand folders, applications, and hardware• About a few OS tools you can use to About a few OS tools you can use to

examine and maintain a systemexamine and maintain a system

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Operating Systems Past and Operating Systems Past and PresentPresent

Operating System (OS):Operating System (OS):• Manages SoftwareManages Software• Manages HardwareManages Hardware• Runs ProgramsRuns Programs• Provides an InterfaceProvides an Interface• Works with FilesWorks with Files

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DOS (Disk Operating SysteDOS (Disk Operating System)m)• DOS was the first OS for IBM computersDOS was the first OS for IBM computers• Can be used in troubleshooting OS Can be used in troubleshooting OS

failurefailure• Small and FastSmall and Fast• Used in Windows Used in Windows 3.13.1 and and 3.113.11

(Windows 3.x)(Windows 3.x)• Totally outdatedTotally outdated

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Windows 9x/MEWindows 9x/ME• Windows 9x/ME Windows 9x/ME

Covers Windows Covers Windows 9595, , 9898 and and MEME (Millennium)(Millennium)

• Backward-Backward-compatiblecompatible

• Built on DOS coreBuilt on DOS core• Bridge to NT (New Bridge to NT (New

Technology)Technology)

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Minimum RequirementsMinimum RequirementsDescriptioDescriptionn

Windows Windows 9595

Windows Windows 98 98

Windows Windows MeMe

ProcessorProcessor 486 or 486 or HigherHigher

PentiumPentium Pentium Pentium 150 MHz150 MHz

RAMRAM 8 MB8 MB 24 MB24 MB 32 MB32 MBFree Hard Free Hard Drive Drive SpaceSpace

50 MB50 MB 195 MB195 MB 320 MB320 MB

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Windows NTWindows NT• NT (New Technology)NT (New Technology)Two Versions:Two Versions:1.1. NT WorkstationNT Workstation2.2. NT ServerNT Server• Eliminated DOSEliminated DOS• Minimum Hardware Requirements:Minimum Hardware Requirements:• Pentium-compatible processor or higherPentium-compatible processor or higher• 16 MB of RAM (32 MB is recommended)16 MB of RAM (32 MB is recommended)• 125 MB of hard disk space125 MB of hard disk space

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Windows 2000Windows 2000• Upgrade of Windows NTUpgrade of Windows NT• Several VersionsSeveral Versions• More stableMore stable• Better network supportBetter network support• Introduced the HCLIntroduced the HCL• 133 Mhz Pentium-compatable Processor133 Mhz Pentium-compatable Processor• 2 GB hard drive with min 650 MB free space2 GB hard drive with min 650 MB free space• 64 MB RAM64 MB RAM• No longer supportedNo longer supported

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Windows XPWindows XP• Upgrade of Windows 2000Upgrade of Windows 2000• For multi media and networkingFor multi media and networking• Several versionsSeveral versions• Multiple UsersMultiple Users• Advanced SecurityAdvanced Security• Windows FirewallWindows Firewall• Min 64 MB of RAM with 128 MB recommendedMin 64 MB of RAM with 128 MB recommended• Min 1.5 GB of hard drive with 2 GB recommendedMin 1.5 GB of hard drive with 2 GB recommended• Min 233 Mhz CPU with 300 MHz. Can support two Min 233 Mhz CPU with 300 MHz. Can support two

processorsprocessors

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Windows VistaWindows Vista• Upgrade of Windows XPUpgrade of Windows XP• Improved NetworkingImproved Networking• Improved SecurityImproved Security• Improved User InterfaceImproved User Interface• Introduced the AERO interfaceIntroduced the AERO interface• UAC-User Account ControlUAC-User Account Control• Many VersionsMany Versions

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Windows VistaWindows Vista

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LINUXLINUX• Open Source – Free!!Open Source – Free!!• Created By Linus TorvaldsCreated By Linus Torvalds• DistributionsDistributions• Live CD’sLive CD’s• Very Low RequirementsVery Low Requirements• Min Pentium III or AMD AthlonMin Pentium III or AMD Athlon• 256 MB RAM256 MB RAM• 4 GB of Free Space4 GB of Free Space• No DOS…..X WindowsNo DOS…..X Windows

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MAC OSMAC OS• Only available on Macintosh computersOnly available on Macintosh computers• First introduced in 1984First introduced in 1984• Macintosh used mainly a processor by Macintosh used mainly a processor by

PowerPCPowerPC• Now recently using Intel processorsNow recently using Intel processors• ProprietaryProprietary• MAC OSX requires 128 MB of RAMMAC OSX requires 128 MB of RAM• 1.5 GB Hard drive space1.5 GB Hard drive space

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What an Operating System What an Operating System DoesDoes• Provides a user interfaceProvides a user interface• Provides the user a way to manageProvides the user a way to manage• Manages ApplicationsManages Applications• Manages HardwareManages Hardware• Manages BIOSManages BIOS• Manages MemoryManages Memory• Interfaces between hardware and softwareInterfaces between hardware and software

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Operating System Operating System ComponentsComponentsTwo main components:Two main components:• Shell-user and applicationsShell-user and applications• Kernel-interacts with hardwareKernel-interacts with hardwareDatabase of hardware and software Database of hardware and software

configuration:configuration:• RegistryRegistry• Ini. Inf. or Initialization filesIni. Inf. or Initialization files

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An OS Provides A User An OS Provides A User InterfaceInterface• The GUI or Graphical User InterfaceThe GUI or Graphical User Interface

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Command-Driven InterfacesCommand-Driven Interfaces• DOS likeDOS like• Commands onlyCommands only• No graphicsNo graphics• Faster than the GUIFaster than the GUI

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Icon-Driven and Menu-Driven Icon-Driven and Menu-Driven InterfacesInterfaces• MenuMenu• Drop Down MenuDrop Down Menu• Icons or Pictures to represent Files or Icons or Pictures to represent Files or

ProgramsPrograms• Full use of a GUIFull use of a GUI• Point and ClickPoint and Click• Uses a DesktopUses a Desktop

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An OS Manages Files and An OS Manages Files and FoldersFolders• File SystemFile System• FAT – File Allocation TableFAT – File Allocation Table• FAT16 and FAT32FAT16 and FAT32• NTFS – New Technology File SystemNTFS – New Technology File System• TracksTracks• SectorsSectors• Tracks and Sectors ImageTracks and Sectors Image• HDD ImageHDD Image

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Partitions and Logical DrivesPartitions and Logical Drives

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CPU Operating ModesCPU Operating Modes

• Real Mode (16 BIT)Real Mode (16 BIT)• Protected (32 BIT)Protected (32 BIT)• Long Mode ( 64 BIT)Long Mode ( 64 BIT)

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16 BIT - Real Mode16 BIT - Real Mode• 16 Bits at a time16 Bits at a time• An Application has complete access An Application has complete access

to all hardwareto all hardware

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32 BIT Protected and 64 BIT 32 BIT Protected and 64 BIT Long ModesLong Modes

• The OS controls all the access to The OS controls all the access to hardwarehardware

• Programs get limited controlPrograms get limited control

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OS and Operating ModesOS and Operating Modes• DOS uses 16 BIT Real ModeDOS uses 16 BIT Real Mode• WIN 9x/Me and WIN NT/2000/XP all WIN 9x/Me and WIN NT/2000/XP all

use 32 BIT Protected Modeuse 32 BIT Protected Mode• WIN XP Pro 64 BIT Edition - uses 64 WIN XP Pro 64 BIT Edition - uses 64

BIT Long Mode and is backwards BIT Long Mode and is backwards compatiblecompatible

• See pg.#55 figure 2-27See pg.#55 figure 2-27

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How an OS Uses Device Drivers How an OS Uses Device Drivers to Manage Devicesto Manage Devices

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Control PanelControl Panel

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Device ManagerDevice Manager