Chapter 05-Chapter 05-Processors and Chipsets pg.169Processors and Chipsets pg.169

Processors and ChipsetsProcessors and Chipsets

In this chapter you will learn:In this chapter you will learn: About the many different processors used for About the many different processors used for

personal computers and notebookspersonal computers and notebooks About chipsets and how they workAbout chipsets and how they work How to keep a processor cool using heat sinks How to keep a processor cool using heat sinks

and coolersand coolers How to install and upgrade a processorHow to install and upgrade a processor

Processors pg.170Processors pg.170

Most processors today are made by either:Most processors today are made by either: AMD – AMD – WWW.AMD.COM

Inte – Inte – WWW.INTEL.COM

How a Processor Works pg. 171How a Processor Works pg. 171Pentium CPU

Registers Registers

ALU ALU

CONTROL UNIT

I/O UNIT

InternalMemoryCache

System Bus Frequency or SpeedSystem Bus Frequency or Speed

FSB- Front Side Bus:FSB- Front Side Bus: Also known as internal busAlso known as internal busBSB – Back Side Bus:BSB – Back Side Bus: Connects the processor to the internal memory Connects the processor to the internal memory

cahcecahce

Processor Frequency or SpeedProcessor Frequency or Speed The speed at which the processor operated The speed at which the processor operated

internallyinternally The speed is affected by the bus and the The speed is affected by the bus and the

processor multiplierprocessor multiplierMultiplier:Multiplier: System Bus Frequency X multiplier = processor frequency System Bus Frequency X multiplier = processor frequency

(speed)(speed)Example:Example: 800MHz X 4 = 3.2 GHz processor speed800MHz X 4 = 3.2 GHz processor speed

Over ClockingOver Clocking Making the processor go faster than it was Making the processor go faster than it was

designeddesigned Can be done in the BIOSCan be done in the BIOS Can cause damage due to overheatingCan cause damage due to overheating NOT recommendedNOT recommended

ThrottlingThrottling A way for the processor to protect against A way for the processor to protect against

overheatingoverheating Most processors will throttle down if they Most processors will throttle down if they

detect that they are overheatingdetect that they are overheating This protection can be set in the BIOSThis protection can be set in the BIOS

Data Path Size and Word SizeData Path Size and Word Size A path for your data like a freewayA path for your data like a freeway The size of the word is how much data travels The size of the word is how much data travels

down the pathdown the path The data is binary 1’s and 0’sThe data is binary 1’s and 0’s The bigger the path, the more data can travel The bigger the path, the more data can travel

at the same timeat the same time

Multiprocessing, Multiple Processors Multiprocessing, Multiple Processors and Dual-Core Processing pg.173and Dual-Core Processing pg.173

Multiprocessing is a processor working on Multiprocessing is a processor working on many things at the same timemany things at the same time

Multiple processor systems are systems that Multiple processor systems are systems that use more than one processor on the use more than one processor on the motherboardmotherboard

Dual-Core processing means that a processor Dual-Core processing means that a processor has more than one core on the housinghas more than one core on the housing

A core = a processorA core = a processor

Memory Cache pg.174Memory Cache pg.174 Memory that is on the processor and is used to Memory that is on the processor and is used to

store micro code and instructionsstore micro code and instructions Uses static RAMUses static RAM Static RAM can hold data without needing to Static RAM can hold data without needing to

be refreshedbe refreshed There are 3 levels of cacheThere are 3 levels of cache

Levels of CacheLevels of Cache

Memory Cache

Location of Cache

Level 1 L1 cache is on the processor die. All processors today have L1 cache.

Level 2 L2 cache is on the processor housing but not as close as L1 cache.

Level 3 L3 cache is on the processor housing but it is further than L2 cache.

Instruction Set and MicrocodeInstruction Set and Microcode Groups of instructions that are used to perform Groups of instructions that are used to perform

basic tasks like adding two numbers are called basic tasks like adding two numbers are called microcodemicrocode

Altogether they are called instruction setsAltogether they are called instruction setsCommon sets are:Common sets are: RISCRISC CISCCISC EPICEPIC

The INTEL ProcessorsThe INTEL Processors

Overview of the Pentium Family of Overview of the Pentium Family of ProcessorsProcessors

Older Pentiums No Longer Sold By Older Pentiums No Longer Sold By PentiumPentium

CELERON pg.181CELERON pg.181

Pentium 4Pentium 4

Mobile Pentium ProcessorsMobile Pentium Processors

Xeon ProcessorsXeon Processors

The ItaniumsThe Itaniums

AMD ProcessorsAMD Processors

Older AMD ProcessorsOlder AMD Processors

Current AMD ProcessorsCurrent AMD Processors

VIA and CYRIX ProcessorsVIA and CYRIX Processors

Processor Packages pg.185Processor Packages pg.185 The processor housing is called the processor The processor housing is called the processor

packagepackage

Flat and Thin Processor Packages Flat and Thin Processor Packages pg.185pg.185

Thin processor packageThin processor package PPGA-Plastic Pin Grid ArrayPPGA-Plastic Pin Grid Array PGA- Pin Grid ArrayPGA- Pin Grid Array ZIF- Zero Insertion ForceZIF- Zero Insertion Force FC-PGA – Flip Chip Pin Grid ArrayFC-PGA – Flip Chip Pin Grid Array mPGA – has 478 pins, used by Celeron and mPGA – has 478 pins, used by Celeron and

Pentium 4Pentium 4 FC-LGA775 – Flip Chip Lands Grid ArrayFC-LGA775 – Flip Chip Lands Grid Array

Cartridge Processor PackagesCartridge Processor Packages SECC – Single Edge Contact CartridgeSECC – Single Edge Contact Cartridge SEP – Single Edge ProcessorSEP – Single Edge Processor PAC – Pin Array Cartridge used by Itanium PAC – Pin Array Cartridge used by Itanium

processorsprocessors

Processor Sockets and Slots pg.188Processor Sockets and Slots pg.188 PGAPGA SPGASPGA LANLAN SECCSECC SLOT 1SLOT 1

SLOT ASLOT A SocketsSockets LIFLIF ZIFZIF

Types of Sockets Types of Sockets

Types of SlotsTypes of Slots

The Chipset pg.190The Chipset pg.190 North Bridge: Memory controller hubNorth Bridge: Memory controller hub South Bridge: Input and Output hubSouth Bridge: Input and Output hub Assist the processor in performing its dutiesAssist the processor in performing its duties

Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans pg.193Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans pg.193

Virtual Lab Hands OnVirtual Lab Hands On Install a processor – Virtual Labs (Demo)Install a processor – Virtual Labs (Demo) Using thermal paste pg.195-196 (Demo and Using thermal paste pg.195-196 (Demo and

Assignment)Assignment)