AMCOW Country Status Overviewsof water supply and sanitation 2010

Presentation overview

$ Services

Finance:How much has been spent and where it is coming from

Outcomes:Progress and remaining disparities

Service delivery pathwaysThe process by which finance is turned into services and how to improve it

What underpins progress in WSS coverage?

Synthesis report scope

32 countries in SSA

95% of SSA population

92% of SSA GDP

Components

Understanding past trends

Benchmarking service delivery pathways (scorecard)

Guidance to line ministries and development partners

Number of people gaining access needs to be increased by ...

4x for water supply 9x for sanitation

9%

33%

72%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Government estimates

Government estimates- projection

2015 target

44% 58%

72%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Government estimates

Government estimates- projection

2015 target

JMP data for 2008: Water supply 60%; Sanitation 32% Increased effort to meet MDGs: 3x for water supply ; 8 x for sanitation

12m to 40m per year. 7m to 61m per year

Globally water supply coverage improves with GDP ...

... but in Africa this relationship is far less clear

Accelerate progress in countries that are struggling

Public interventions make a difference

Highlights the importance of South-South learning

Country Groupings(IMF reporting)

GDP per capita for group

GDP per capita growth for group

Countries

Low income fragile

US$ 303 -0.9% Burundi*, CAR*, DRC, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia*, Liberia*, Sierra Leone*, Togo, Zimbabwe

Low income stable

US$ 458 3.1% Benin*, Burkina Faso*, Ethiopia*, Ghana*, Kenya, Madagascar*, Malawi*, Mali*, Mauritania, Mozambique*, Niger*, Rwanda*, Senegal*, Tanzania*, Uganda*

Resource rich

US$ 1279 4.1% Angola, Cameroon*, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia*

Middle income

US$ 5820 2.7% South Africa

* Countries with that have received debt relief

Understanding trends and disparities through political economic classification of countries ...

Low income stable countries have made the most progress between 1990 and 2008

Rural water supply increase 1990-2008

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

Fragile Stable Resource Rich

South Africa

Per

cen

tag

e co

vera

ge

chan

ge

1990

-20

08

in increasing coverage of water supply

in reducing open defecation in rural areas

in keeping up with population growth in urban water supply (except for SA)

have more equitable outcomes (access)

better quality of service

Low income stable countries have made the most progress between 1990 and 2008

in increasing coverage of water supply

in reducing open defecation in rural areas

in keeping up with population growth in urban water supply (except for SA)

have more equitable outcomes (access)

better quality of service

Reduction in open defecation in rural areas 1990-2008

0.00%

2.00%

4.00%

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

Fragile Stable Resource Rich

South Africa

Red

uct

ion

in

pro

po

rtio

n o

f p

op

ula

tio

n r

eso

rtin

g t

o o

pen

d

efec

atio

n,

1990

-200

8

• The $25 bn in WSS aid has supported over 200m people to gain access to water supply across Sub Saharan Africa

$US per un-servedcapita

Low income stable countries have attracted most aid per un-served capita

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Low income fragile

Low income non-fragile

Resource rich

Rural WSS Urban WSS

Aid flows per un-served capita 1995-2008

Stable

Cycle of multiple and growing transactions

CSO2 scorecard – benchmarks service delivery pathways and identifies bottlenecks

Policy?

Planning?

Budget?

Expenditure?

Equity?

Output?

Maintenance/ Markets?

Expansion/ Uptake?

Use?

Enabling services

Developing services

Sustaining services

Fin

ance

Ser

vice

s

Senegal urban service delivery pathway

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Maintenance Expansion Use

3 2.5 2 3 1.5 3 3 3 3

Enabling Developing Sustaining

a) Clear targets in national development policy + masterplan

b) Defined roles with national asset holder (SONES) and single operator (SDE) overseen by Ministry

c) PEPAM – WSS MDG planning and coordination unit

d) Social connections policy for over 20 years

e) Connected over 3.3 million people (112% of urban growth) with house connections (1990-2008)

f) Tariffs at full cost recovery though accessing soft loans

Poor stable countries have the strongest service delivery pathways

CSO2 scorecard rating

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Resource Rich LIC-NonFragile LIC-Fragile0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

Fragile Stable Resource Rich

South Africa

Per

cen

tag

e co

vera

ge

chan

ge

1990

-20

08

Strong

Weak

Enabling services

Developing services

Sustaining services

Country Groupings(IMF reporting)

GDP per capita for group

GDP per capita growth for group

Countries

Low income fragile

US$ 303 -0.9% Burundi*, CAR*, DRC, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia*, Liberia*, Sierra Leone*, Togo, Zimbabwe

Low income stable

US$ 458 3.1% Benin*, Burkina Faso*, Ethiopia*, Ghana*, Kenya, Madagascar*, Malawi*, Mali*, Mauritania, Mozambique*, Niger*, Rwanda*, Senegal*, Tanzania*, Uganda*

Resource rich

US$ 1279 4.1% Angola, Cameroon*, Chad, Congo Brazzaville, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia*

Middle income

US$ 5820 2.7% South Africa

* Countries with that have received debt relief

More low income stable countries have had a PRSP process than countries in other groups...

PRSPs and associated technical support have strengthened core government systems

National planning

Budget and expenditure management

Procurement management

Human resource management and civil service reform

Decentralized service delivery

Connecting the water sector to core government systems positions countries to implement at scale

Ethiopia – rural water supply

• Universal Access Plan (UAP) for WSS

• Sector accessing increasing amount of block grants

• Common implementation manual for development partners

• RWS inventories though need to be updated regularly

• Good targeting of new schemes to unserved population

Sector systems

Core govern-ment systems

• National planning process (PRSP)

• Protection of basic services program channelling funds to local government

• Reformed budget and expenditure management system

• Civil service reform and hiring of water sector staff

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Maintenance Expansion Use

3 2.5 2 1.5 3 1.5 1.5 2 2

Enabling Developing Sustaining

Ethiopia - rural sanitation

• Universal Access Plan (UAP) for WSS

• MoU between Education, Health and Water

• 8 of 14 modules on hygiene and sanitation promotion

• Delivered through health line-ministry supported by 30,000 village health workers

Sector systems

Core govern-ment systems

• National planning process (PRSP)

• Protection of basic services program channelling funds to local government

• Reformed budget and expenditure management system

• Civil service reform and hiring of health sector staff

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Markets Up-take Use

3 2 1.5 2 2.5 2.5 1 0 1.5

Enabling Developing Sustaining

Stages of service delivery pathway evolution

Stage of pathway evolution

Establishing Stage

Transitioning Stage

Transitioned Stage

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Markets Up-take Use

1.5 1 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0.5

Enabling Developing Sustaining

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Markets Up-take Use

2.5 1.5 1.5 2 0.5 1 1 0 1

Enabling Developing Sustaining

Policy Planning Budget Expenditure Equity Output Maintenance Expansion Use

3 2.5 2 3 1.5 3 3 3 3

Enabling Developing Sustaining

Objectives of sector reform at each stage

Stage of pathway evolution

Objective of sector reform

Establishing Stage

Build basic oversight capacity for implementation within the line-ministry

Initiate development of economy wide capacity for construction and scheme operation.

Transitioning Stage

Foster linkages between the sector institutions and core-government systems

Deepening economy-wide capacity for construction and broadening options for scheme operation.

Transitioned Stage

To consolidate the subsector institutional linkages with core-government systems

Step up autonomy of economy-wide capacity for sustaining service delivery.

Matching the stage of evolution with aid modalities

Stage of pathway evolution

Objective of sector reform Recommended nature of aid instruments

Establishing Stage

Build basic oversight capacity for implementation within the line-ministry

Initiate development of economy wide capacity for construction and scheme operation.

Project grants and loans channelled to the sector ministry

Transitioning Stage

Foster linkages between the sector institutions and core-government systems

Deepening economy-wide capacity for construction and broadening options for scheme operation.

Programmatic earmarked grants and loans for the subsector but channelled through the ministry of finance linked to conditional intergovernmental transfers.

Transitioned Stage

To consolidate the subsector institutional linkages with core-government systems

Step up autonomy of economy-wide capacity for sustaining service delivery.

Budget support channelled through the ministry of finance linked to intergovernmental block transfers.

AMCOW Country Status Overviews on WSS – round 2

Four opportunities to catch up with frontrunners:

1. Demonstrating sector leadership drives a virtuous cycle of increasing capacity and financing.

2. Connecting to core-government systems extends the reach and rate of implementation capacity.

3. Aid is spreading to fragile countries

4. Judicious use of aid modalities can advance the transition to country-led service delivery

Political stability

Aid modalities

Sector leadership

Drivers of WSS coverage

Conclusion

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

Fragile Stable Resource Rich

South Africa

Per

cen

tag

e co

vera

ge

chan

ge

1990

-20

08

Rural water supply increase 1990 - 2008

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