ANSWER 72 TO 99UPLOAD TO SLIDE SHARE

• aaaaaaaaaaROCKEXAM aaaaaFELSIC PAGE 58

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Take a box and the donow and hold your exam in your hand

• Faith heart and skill (

• Different igneous rocks are formed depending on the presence of different minerals and how fast the magma cools. Some igneous rocks include pumice, obsidian, and basalt. The rapid separation of the gases from lava produces pumice, a rock with large air spaces in it, similar to a sponge. The rapid cooling of lava produces obsidian and fine-grained rocks such as basalt.

Page 51

• 3.

• A.> i. crust has greater surface area

• ii. > crust cools faster –has no concealed center – a ball does!

• B. i. > plastic cools faster – does not hold heat like styrofoam

• ROCK IS BETTER INSULATOR

PAGE 51

• 3.

C. i. > Large cube 1 cm2

8 small cubes – approx 8 cm2-more area

C. ii. > Small cubes cool faster

C. iii. > small mass losses heat faster

Exercise 3 -52

• Phaneritic- course-cooled slowly-should have crystal-ions migrated slowly and formed crystals-nucleation possible

• Aphaneritic-fine ( cools fast! Less time for Na+ to migrate-no crystal formation

Exercise 3- page 52

• A) same rock material

• Regions close together-

• 1st area cooled fast and was not viscous

• 2nd area –cooled slow –and was very viscous

Exercise 3- page 52

• 3-D –shallow INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

• -have-fine course grains

• Than DEEP INTRUSIVE IGENOUS ROCKS

• SHALLOW-INTRUSIVE-finer!!!

• Deep-intrusive-not finer or course –from thick lava

Go right to excersice

• Felsic-dense spotty material to the left

• Intermediate

• Mafic –less dense percentages to the righ

Lets all go to the do now-we will come back to this

• Can use page 58 to complete this and hand directly in

Felsic

• white mica" (muscovite

• Quart

• K –feldspar

• biotite

FELSIC = fel-feldspar=sic-silica

• Light weight- low specific gravity

• Biotite, quartz and potassic feldspar

• Ligth colored

1. Microcline(K-Feldspar)

• Microcline(K-Feldspar)

j5--2. Milky quartz sample

j5----yes--4. muscovite-FELSIC

mafic

• Albite (plagioclase feldspar

• Olivine

• Augite --Pyroxene

• . Hornblende -amphilbole

Mafic - “ma”---”fic”

• Comes from ferric-mag-Mg –magnesium

• Ferric-loves iron

• Less silica

• Calcium rich plagioclase

• High specific weight

• Fine grained

• Dark colored

mafic--. Albite (plagioclase feldspar)

mafic==. Hornblende (amphibole)

mafic==. Augite (pyroxene)

mafic===Olivine. Mg-rich olivine crystallizes

from magma

TO THE LEFT-PAGE 58

• GRANITE PEGAMATITE

• RYOLITE PEGAMATITE

• PORPHRITIC GRANITE

• PORPHRITIC RYOLITE

– OBSIDIAN

– PUMICE

• RYOLITE TUFT

PAGE 52

• 4 (B)-3a pyroxene-slow cooling rate wihaphanetic –large cubesstyrofoam walls

• 4(B)-3b hornblende-aphanitic=fast, small cubes, plastic cups

• 4(B)-3c dark colored –fine grained –aphanitic– fast-small cubes-plastic cups

• 4(B)-3d-light colored –course grained-

• -slow cooling rate wih aphanetic –large cubesstyrofoam walls

Lava rock and pumice

• Porous igneous rock –bubbles have formed just as lava solidifies-the shape of the bubbles have been preserved in the lava

• This occurs as magma rises to the surface

• This is porous vesicular texture

Fragmental textures

• Due to pyroclastic debris

• Pyro –fire

• Clast-broken

• “large blocks or bombs”

• Have crystals formed before eruption

• Have tiny ash-pieces of rock inside

Exercise 5

• Which rock formed in ash fall?

• C. volcanic rock fragments in a very fined grained brown ash

• In pyroclastic flow?

• This would be (a) kalauea in Hawaii

• Finer grained-pyroclastic

Exercise 6

• Rapid-Fine grained –aphanitic-grains cannot be seen without magnification-rapid cooling general extrusive(above )

• Rapid-Pourous vesicular-spongy filled with large holes or small holes-rapid cooling followed by release of gas

• Rapid- glassy-shiny-looks like glass

• Slowly-pegamatic-course grained pegamatic-Porphorytic-

More than two rates

• pyroclastic

Table 2 page 57

• Felsic-silca content-64%-75%-K-feldspar,Na-plagioclast-quartz

• Intermediate-silica content 52%-63% -ca-Na plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene

Table 2 page 57

• Mafic -silca content-45%-57%-Ca-plagioclase, olivines and pyroxenes-aluminum –calcium-iron and magnesium

• Ultramafic-silca content-39%-44%-olivines and pyroxenes

• Have iron and magnesium

TO THE LEFT-PAGE 58

• GRANITE PEGAMATITE

• RYOLITE PEGAMATITE

• PORPHRITIC GRANITE

• PORPHRITIC RYOLITE

– OBSIDIAN

– PUMICE

• RYOLITE TUFT

Exercise 7

• Use the igneouse rock set –(your exam kit)

• Can just read through exam

Origin and evolution of magmas

• Decompression melting

• Flux melting

• Heat transfer melting

Exercise 8

• Bowen’s reaction series

• Insight’s from melting experiments

• (a) plagioclase feldspar-minerals crystalize by cont and discontinuos process

• (b) pyroxene and amphibole-discontinuous reactions

• 8-B-this is unlikely-mineral with high melting points are ultra mafic and to the left-discontinuous

• Low melting points –simple melting-biotiteand Na-rich-feldspar –felsic igneous rocks

• Minerals now crystalize by all three types

• Simple-continuous-discontinuous

• 8c- from lowest

• Felsic-800oC-

• Intermediate-1050oC

• -mafic-1400oC

• -ultramafic-above -1400oC

• Partial melting

• Magmatic differentiation

• Assimilation

• Magma mixing

• 12 or 15

• 684 or 900