कृषि संसदीय समिति

का राष्ट्रीय ऑर्कि ड्स अनुसंधान कें द्र

िें हार्दिक स्वागि है

Significance of Orchids

• 2nd largest family (flowering plants)

• 1/10th of flowering plants

• Used as cut flowers, loose flowers, pot plants

• Various colours

• Fragrance

• Longer vase life

• Most widely distributed species

Diversity of Orchids

• The family Orchidaceae is one of the oldest known and world’s

largest family of flowering plants comprising of over 800 genera

and between 25000 – 35,000 species.

• Family has about 186 genera, 1298 species, 5 subspecies and 28

varieties in India.

Orchid Index Sikkim State: 71 species / sq. km

Arunachal Pradesh

Other Potential States for Orchid cultivation

Genesis of ICAR-NRC for Orchids

• The National Research Centre for Orchids, has been established based on

the recommendations of the Planning Commission.

• The Sikkim state authorities approved and handed over 22.19 acres of

land belonging to Regional Agriculture Centre. The MOU and lease deed

were signed on 4th December 1995 and land was handed over in October’ 1996.

• In October, 1997 the centre also established a campus at Darjeeling to

conserve temperate orchids and facilitate research works on orchids and

other bulbous ornamental crops.

• In 2004 the new building of this institute was indurated at Pakyong, earlier

all activities was coordinated from ICAR Tadong Center.

Mandate of Institute (Old)

• Collection, characterization, evaluation and conservation of orchid

germplasm.

• Molecular characterization to check bio-piracy and IPR protection of

orchids.

• Development of protocols for mass multiplication.

• Production of quality planting materials for large scale cultivation.

• To develop hybrids/ varieties suitable for domestic and export markets.

• To develop production, protection and post-harvest technologies for

orchids.

• To act as a national repository of scientific on mandate crops.

• To coordinate research with other scientific organizations and acts as a

centre for training.

NEW MANDATE, MISSION & VISION

VISION: To act as premier centre for research and development

activities related to orchid commercialization and sustainable

utilization

• Applied and strategic research on conservation,

improvement and culture of orchids for enhancing

productivity and utilization.

• Transfer of technology and capacity building of

stakeholders for enhancing and sustaining productivity of

orchids.

Mission: Harnessing science to increase productivity, employment

of generation, industry support for export of cut flowers, potted

plants of orchids.

Cadre Strength

Cadre strength Sanctioned Vacant Proposed to fill up

Scientists 14 07 07

Technical 07 01 01+05

Administrative 10 04 04+02

Budget

Fund Allocation Expenditure (Lakhs)

2013-14 - 509.75 2013-14 - 495.94

2014-15 - 506.00 2014-15 - 497.04

2015-16 - 589.21 2015-16 - 588.01

2016-17 - 637.36 2016-17 - 636.06

2017-18 - 378.00 2017-18- 363.31

Focus Crops

Cymbidium: Cut flowers

Phalaenopsis: Cut Flowers

Zygopetalum: Fragrant cut flowers

Dendrobium nobile: Medicinal orchid

Coelogynae: Fragrant pot plant

Institute Projects

1. Conservation, characterization and sustainable use of diversity in orchids

2. Genetic improvement of orchids for yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

3. Development and refinement of production and protection technologies for improved of productivity, marketing and utilization of orchids

4. Improvement of knowledge and skill of stakeholders for improving production of orchids

External Funded Projects

No Projects Year

1 DUS Testing on Orchids (External Funded from PPV&FRA) 2014-17

2 DBT: Assessment of chemical and genetic divergence of some

fragrant orchids of north-east India for sustainable improvement of

community livelihood (DBT-TWIN Project-IIT, Kharagpur)

2015-17

3 Assessment of chemical and genetic divergence of some fragrant

orchids of north-east India for sustainable improvement of

community livelihood (DBT, GOI)

2015-17

4 National Mission on Himalayan Studies (Ministry of Environment &

Forest, GOI)

2016-18

5 Inventorization of gamma irradiation technology for Orchid varietal

improvement (DAE, BARC, GOI)

2016-18

6 Life cycle cryo-biotechnology of orchids for bio-resources

conservation and sustainable development ( DBT)

2017-18

Research Achievements

• The institute is having 341 species which belongs to 90 genera. Beyond

this, institute is having more than 100 hybrids. Pakyong centre

conserving tropical and sub-tropical germplasm whereas Darjeeling

centre conserving temperate germplasm.

• ICAR-NRCO is one of the NAGS network in the Indian Plant genetic

resource information system.

• During this year, 21 species are added to the species list. The most

dominating three (03) genera in the list are Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum

& Coelogyne etc.

• Registered the germplasm with NBPGR and got IC of 1069

accessions.

Project: Conservation, Characterization and Sustainable Use of

Diversity in Orchids

S. No. Place Nature of

collections

Altitude

(MSL)

No. of Species

1 Pakyong

(Sikkim)

Tropical and

Sub – tropical

collections

1276 311

2 Darjeeling

(West

Bengal)

Temperate

collections

2042 115

Silent Achievements

Top 3 genera/species contribution

S.No. Genus No. of

Species

Percentage

(Total no. of species/ Genus)

1 Dendrobium 61 19

2 Bulbophyllum 25 8

3 Coelogyne 20 6

4 Cymbidium 20 6

5 Calanthe 12 4

6 Vanda 12 4

7 Liparis 11 3

8 Aerides 8 2

9 Eria 8 2

10 Paphiopedilum 7 2

S.No. Genus No. of

Species

1 Dendrobium 61

2 Bulbophyllum 25

3 Coelogyne 20

Ratio – Genera wise

Conventional herbarium has the disadvantage of getting

spoiled overtime. Thus the concept of digital herbarium

has been introduced by the Centre and till date around

125 collections has been digitalized for future reference.

Herbarium of 125 collections

Phaius tankervilleae Pholidota imbricata Thunia marshalliana

• The orchid species were dissected properly and

compilation of species photo plates by using digital

photography rapidly with the technology. Currently, there

is 70 species were completed.

Dendrobium nobile Thunia alba var. alba

Digital Documentation of 70 species

Genetic improvement of orchids for yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic

stresses

Ho ble PM Shri. Narendra Modi during Sikkim Organic State Declaration

(18th Jan, 2016)

Cymbidium B. S. Bas et (C. lowianum x C. tigrinum/PBX-05-56/2012)

♀

C. lowianum

Mar-May’ 2012

C. tigrinum

♂

Eburneo-lowianum

Re-invention of historical cross developed in 1903, very

late flowering in summer season, Breeding Value

1st Native

Hybrid -

Species

Cymbidium lowigrinum (PBX-05-56)

X

Aranda Kunga Gyatso /1st IGH-2013 Arachnis clarkeii x Vanda coerulea

♀

♂

A. clarkeii

Vanda coerulea

Aranda Ku ga Gyatso

• 1st in India, height > 90 cm, more keikis,

helps to assess gene flow, flowering Feb –

March, AICRP Trial (2013-15)/PPB

Station

Trial – II

Year

Dendrobium ‘V. Nagaraju’

Dendrobium ‘Emma White’

F1 NRCO-42

(D. ‘V. Nagaraju’)

Dendrobium ‘Pampadour’

♀Parent ♂ Parent

5 -6 flowers/spike, flowers in off season (Nov- Feb), single gene control of colour

P. venustum clone-01, 02/2008

P. venustum clone-01

P. venustum clone-02

P. venustum

EDV

Somaclonal Mutants

(in-vitro)

Genetic

Infidelity?/Blooms

(Nov-Jan)

5 10 17

18 20 26

28 29

32 35 36

30

Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum x P. ‘Winston Churchill’/2008(2014)

Clones Developed at NRCO-Darjeeling Campus

(Registered with RHS, Kew, London)

clones developed at NRCO-Darjeeling Campus

Biotechnology & Tissue Culture

Standardization in vitro propagation protocol

(Paphiopedilum)

Standardization in vitro propagation protocol (Zygopetalum)

Development & refinement of production and

protection technologies for improved of productivity,

marketing and utilization of orchids

Production Technologies of Cymbidium, Dendrobium & Phalaenopsis

Cymbidium Dendrobium

Phalaenopsis

Crop Production & Post-harvest Technologies

Production Management (Tropical & Subtropical orchids)

• Orchid hybrids of Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Vanda,

Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Mokara, Oncidium and Aranda

suitable for different altitudes identified.

• Pot mixes: For commercial cultivation of Cymbidium

(Cocochips + Cocopeat + Brick pieces + Slow release fertilizer (3: 3: 1: 1g), Dendrobium (Cocochips + brick pieces + tree bark (1: 1: 1) and Cattleya (Cocochips + brick piece + leaf mould/ leaf fern (1:1:1) standardized.

• Techniques for round the year cultivation of Dendrobium developed by selecting different hybrids developed.

State Flower of Sikkim – On Priority (Dendrobium nobile)

• New Experiments Initiated:

1) Effect of different organic supplements on growth and flowering of Dendrobium

2) Effect of different bio-fertilizers on growth and flowering of Dendrobium

Propagation of Cymbidiums through

backbulbs

F E D

C B

G

A

H

E. close-up of

sprouted

backbulbs

F. Plantlet

development

G. Removal of

plantlets, and

H. Planting

A. Cleaning of

backbulbs

B. Soaking in BAP,

C. Packing in

sawdust,

D. sprouted

backbulbs

Post-harvest management

Packaging of florets in Cymbidium Packaging of florets in Cattleya

Packaging of spikes in Cymbidium

New Infrastructure Developed

1. Type-IV quarter

2. Fencing of Type –III and Type –IV quarter

3. Rain Water Harvesting Structure

4. Visitor room

5. Renovation of Director chamber

6. Vermi-compost unit

7. Renovation of Training Hall

8. Renovation of Garage

9. Administrative cum office building at Darjeeling

10. Vertical farming structure

11. New shade house for nursery

Publications

Publications 2015-16

Publications 2016-17

Extension Activities

KARTOK PAKYONG

SOMBARIA ASSAM LINGZEY

YANGANG

(Sikkim)

KARTOK PAKYONG

SOMBARIA YANGANG

ASSAM LINGZEY

(MEGHALAYA)

Field Visits (02)

Exposure Visits (03)

Demonstration (01)

Documented for

Pla t Ge o e Savior Community

Award for PPV & FRA, New Delhi

Appreciation letter from DC, West Khasi Hills

Field Visit (26.10.2014)

Field Visit (26.10.2014) Campus Visit (29.11.2014)

Training & Demo (20.06.2015) Distribution of Material

SIKKIM

Field Visits (01), Exposure Visits (02)

Exposure Visit (26.10.2014) Exposure Visit (11.09.2015)

Material Distribution

Karbi Anglong, ASSAM

Exposure Visit (Sept 25-28, 2015) Training (Sept 25-28, 2015)

Field Trip (Sept 25-28, 2015) Lab Visit (Sept 25-28, 2015)

Team of RIGSS officials with the Director, ICAR-NRCO

RIGSS delegates interacting with the Director, ICAR-NRCO

RIGSS officials of Royal Government of

Bhutan visited ICAR-NRC for Orchids,

Pakyong, Sikkim

New Horticultural Research

Hydroponics

Aeroponics

Waste utilization

Vertical Farming

Orchid Based Farming

Zero Budget Farming

Single Flower Packing & Flower Drying

Flower Drying Technique Single Flower Packing

Single Flower Clear Box Packing

DUS Guidelines

• The three genera of orchids viz. Cymbidium Sw., Dendrobium Sw. and Vanda Jones ex R. Br. are notified and eligible for registration under PPV & FR Act in 2012.

• Guidelines of two genera : Cattleya Lindl. and Phalaenopsis Blume are finalized and published in PVJ of India (Nov’ 2012).

• The DUS test guidelines for Paphiopedilum and Oncidium are being notified (April’ 2014).

Medicinal Orchids

Dendrobium nobile Dendrobium eriflorum Dendrobium chrysotoxum Dendrobium longucornu Dendrobium amoneum

Malaxis accuminata Habernaria edgeworthii Malaxis muscifera Habernaria intermedia Dactylorhiza hatagirea

Variation in floral traits among

collections of Dendrobium nobile

Orchis mascula → Salep (Beverage ) → Turkish Ice-cream (Dondurma) made from

Salep

Different Edible Orchid Products

Orchid Ice Cream

Vanilla planifolia Fermented Vanilla extract from Vanilla pods

Vanilla as Flavouring

Agent

Chikanda, a popular dish in Zambia

Orchid genera Disa, Habenaria

and Satyrium are the main

ingredients

Cymbidium hookerianum: Used in Bhutanese traditional dish “Olachoto”

Preparation of Bhutanese traditional dish Olachoto

Dendrobium chrysanthum use as herbal tea

Dendrobium chrysotoxum Dried flowers used as herbal tea

Orchid Species used in Chyawanprash

Chyawanprash of popular Indian brands Patanjali, Dabur & Baidyanath

Malaxis acuminata Malaxis acuminata Malaxis muscifera Habernaria edgeworthii

Zygopetalum intermedium

Aeridis odorata

Rhynchostylis retusa

Dendrobium heterocarpum

Acampe rigida

Fragrant orchids

Central Agricultural

University, Imphal, Manipur

JNTBGRI, Kerala

Collaborations

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

NRCO, Pakyong

&

CPRI, Shimla

NRCO, Pakyong

&

Sikkim University, Gangtok

NRCO, Pakyong

&

Indian Institute of Technology,

Kharagpur

NRCO, Pakyong

&

Dr. Y. S. Parmar University,

Solan - HP

K. Shrivastava,

Additional Chief Secretary

Govt. of Sikkim Gangtok

Dr. L. S. Rathore

DG, IMD

Dr. M. Anandraj

Director, IISR

N. K. Jain

Chief Justice of Sikkim

Dr. N. K. Krishna Kumar

DDG (Hort. Science)

His Excellency

The Governor Of Sikkim

VIP Visit’s

Zonal Level Award to Smt. Anuradha Chettri

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Antyoday Krishi Puraskar (25th Sept, 2016 at CAE & PHT, CAU, Rani Pool, Sikkim)

Cash Award Rs. 51,000/-

& Certificate

Mr. Charles Tympiun, Nonglwai Orchid Conservation Society ***(IV Stakeholders Meeting, 19/04/2016)***

State Level CM Award to Shri. Kurusar Timung

Mukhya Mantri Krishi Sanman Batah (28th Jan, 2017 at Pathari Ghat, Darang District, Assam)

Cash Award Rs. 50,000/-

& Certificate

Progressive Farmer’s Award’ 2018

Krishi Unnati Mela, IARI - New Delhi

National Level Award to Shri. Trilok Singh Balmiki

87th Foundation Day celebrations (25th July, 2015 at Patna, Bihar)

Cash Award Rs. 51,000/-

& Certificate

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad Award received for Teamwork in

Tribal Farming System

2002-03

Best stall award in ‘International Flower Show’ (Germplasm Category)

2008 &

2013

Prestigious ‘Indira Gandhi Rajbhasha Award’ (2012) received

from the President of India at Rashrapathi Bhavan original

book titled, ‘Orchids – Overview and Production Technology’ authored by N. K. Meena, R. P. Medhi and Rampal

14/09/14

‘JEWEL OF SIKKIM’ Conferred to Dr. R. C. Upadhyaya, Ex-Director,

ICAR-NRCO in 2006

‘Indira Gandhi Rajbasha Award’ from Hon’ble President by Dr. N. K.

Meena in 2014

Best Poster Awards

Digital India - Initiatives

Orchid Farm School

Orchid Farm School

Mobile App on Commercial Orchids

Database of Indian Orchids

Important Days

Agriculture Education Day

ARYA and student READY programme

World Soil Day

Sikkim Organic Day’ 2018

International Yoga Day

Field Day

Agriculture Education Day

Unnat Bharat Krishi Shiksha Abhiyaan

Sikkim Kalyan Ashram, Ranipool

Doubling Farmer’s Income by 2022

(28th February, 2016)

Initiative by ICAR-NRCO -

1) Orchid Based Farming System

2) Waste utilization

ISO Certification

Reforms

• 90-95 % irrigation through misting /sprinklers

• 100 % utilization of farm waste to vermi-composting

• Organic farming in orchid production

• Utilization of space in poly-houses ( 300%)

Future Plan of Work

1. Doubling Farmer’s income

2. Waste utilization

3. Round the year production of Orchids

4. Impact of climate change