MICROCONTROLLER

PROJECT:SINGLE-AXIS

SOLAR TRACKER.

Aakash Gyan(2BV12CS001)Amruta Kallimath(2BV12CS016)Amulya Varote(2BV12CS017)Anand Biradar(2BV12CS018)Anish Kumar(2BV12CS020)

Under the guidance ofProf.Aruna NayakProf.Vishwanath GaragadProf.Umadevi

PROBLEM DEFINITION:

Inefficient utilization of solar energy if fixed axis solar panel systems are used.

The solar panels must remain in front of sun during the whole day. But due to rotation of earth those panels can’t maintain their position always in front of sun. This problem results in decrease of their efficiency.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum

solar energy through solar panel. For this a digital based automatic sun tracking

system is proposed. This project helps the solar power generating

equipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically, thereby increasing the efficiency of the system.

The solar panel tracks the sun from east to west automatically for maximum intensity of light.

COMPONENTS: 8051 controller 8051 Demo Board 555 Timers L293D,Motor driver LDRs Resistors Single patch chords DC motor

BLOCK DIAGRAM: LDR

8051Microcontroll

er

TIMERS

L293D DC MOTOR

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

IN12

OUT13

OUT26

OUT311

OUT414

IN27

IN310

IN415

EN11

EN29

VS

8

VSS

16

GND GND

U1

L293D

XTAL218

XTAL119

ALE30

EA31

PSEN29

RST9

P0.0/AD039

P0.1/AD138

P0.2/AD237

P0.3/AD336

P0.4/AD435

P0.5/AD534

P0.6/AD633

P0.7/AD732

P1.01

P1.12

P1.23

P1.34

P1.45

P1.56

P1.67

P1.78

P3.0/RXD10

P3.1/TXD11

P3.2/INT012

P3.3/INT113

P3.4/T014

P3.7/RD17

P3.6/WR16

P3.5/T115

P2.7/A1528

P2.0/A821

P2.1/A922

P2.2/A1023

P2.3/A1124

P2.4/A1225

P2.5/A1326

P2.6/A1427

U2

AT89C51

light sensor1

light sensor2

controller

motor driver

motor connected to solar panel

8051 BASED SOLAR TRACKER SYSTEM

PROGRAM:#include<reg51.h>

sbit sensor1=P1^0;

sbit sensor2=P1^1;

sbit mot1=P1^2;

sbit mot2=P1^3;

void main()

{

sensor1=sensor2=1;

mot1=mot2=0;

while(1)

{

if(sensor1==0 && sensor2==1)

{

mot1=1;

mot2=0;

}

else if(sensor1==1 && sensor2==0)

{

mot1=0;

mot2=1;

}

else if(sensor1==1 && sensor2==1)

{

mot1=1;

mot2=0;

}

else

{

mot1=0;

mot2=0;

}

}

}

SENSORS: Wide spectral response. Low Cost. Wide ambient temperature range.

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is made of a high-resistance semiconductor.

LDR is very high-resistance. Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) is very useful in

light sensor circuits.

TIMERS:

WHY NOT ADC INSTEAD OF TIMER?: ADC is more complex and it converts Analog to

digital depending upon the intensity of the “Analog in”.

It is just used to detect the signal. The 555 timer will put out positive pulses. The

pulse width is inversely proportional to the difference in voltage between the voltage at “ANALOG IN”. 

555 is still in widespread use due to its ease of use, low price, and stability.

L293D:MOTOR DRIVER:

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:

Advantages:

More efficient due to single axis tracking. Lower Rates of Waste and Pollution. The conservation of non-renewable energy

resources. Reduction of Energy Usage. Renewable source of energy.

Disadvantages:

Using this system at a time, we can control only one solar panel.

Higher hardware expenditure. Weather conditions can affect the system. Panel rotations require an extra power from outside of

power used that produce by panel itself.

CONCLUSION:

There was much exposure to the knowledge of sensors, micro-controller, etc.

Good and challenging experience in the building of prototype.

The project is very helpful in efficient use of Solar energy.

THANK YOU.........