Aanapappy book final - Internet Archive

B\-∏m∏n(k- m-N-cnX ][m-\-amb Poh-N-cnXw)

Aanappappi

(Biographical Church History)

By

Adv. Dr. P. C. Mathew Pulikkottil

K. V. Mammen Kottackal

First Published: December 2000

Second Edition: January 2001

Third Edition: April 2015

Publishers: Kottackal Publishers

Manganam, Kottayam-18, Kerala Ph: 0481 2578936

Copy Right: Publishers

Price: Rs. 150/-

(Malayalam)

]km-[-I≥:

sI. hn. amΩ≥

tIm -bv°¬ ]_vfn-tjgvkvamßm-\w, tIm´bw 686 018 tIcfw

t^m¨: 0481 2578936

B\-∏m∏n(k- m-N-cnX ][m-\-amb Poh-N-cnXw)

KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ:˛

AUz. tUm. ]n. kn. amXyp ]pen-t°m- n¬

sI. hn. amΩ≥, tIm -bv°¬

sI. hn. amΩ≥

P\\w 1929˛¬ ]Ø-\w-Xn- -bn¬. ]nXmhv Fw. h¿Kokv

tIm´-bv°¬, Xpº-a¨. amXmhv adn-bm-Ω. _ncpZ _ncp-

Zm-\-¥c ]T-\-Øn\p ]pdta \mKv]q¿ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-

bn¬ \n∂v 1960˛¬ tP¿W-enkw Untπmam Ic-ÿ-am-°n.

ae-bm-f- a-t\m-c-a-bn¬ 40-˛Dw N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ 50-˛Dw

h¿jw ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-ambncp-∂p. "ae-¶c k`-'

amknIbpsS ap≥ ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwKw. 45 h¿jw

]pXp-∏≈n \ne-bv°¬ ]≈n kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I-

\mbncp∂p. ae-¶ck -bnse ImtXm-en-°m-am¿, Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠nse ae-¶-

c-k-`, doØp-]-ÿm-\w, k`m-Ihn kn. ]n. Nm≠n, ]. Koh¿Kokv c≠m-a≥

_mhm, ]. HutK≥ _mhm, ]mºmSn Xncp-ta-\n, h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n, _nj∏v

hm¬jv, 2000 h¿jw ]n∂n´ ae-¶ck`, Ce-™n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o¬,

]pØ≥Im-hv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n, bm®m-cw, C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`: Ncn-

Xhpw kwkv°m-chpw, ae-¶c h¿Kokpw B\-∏m∏nbpw apX-embn k`m NcnX-

-Poh-Ncn-X-]-[m-\-ß-fmb Adp]-Xn¬]cw KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv.

`mcy eoemΩ amΩ≥ amßm\w aµncw Bip-]-Xn-bnse tebmΩ satΩm-

dn-b¬ \gvknwKv kvIqƒ ap≥ ]n≥kn-∏¬. a°ƒ hdp-Kokv amΩ≥ (B-\µv

Sm≥kvt]m¿´v), AUz. t\m´dn taml≥ amΩ≥, tUm. A\nX tacn tXmakv

(imkvX-⁄, A-Wp-i‡n hIp-∏v)

hnemkw: tIm´-bv°¬, amßm-\w, tIm´bw ˛ 18 t^m¨: (0481) 2578936

AUz. tUm. ]n. kn. amXyp ]pent°mń¬

Ip∂wIpfw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Nm°p-Æn-bp-sSbpw Ip´m-

bn-bp-sSbpw aI≥. 1935-˛¬ P\n-®p. aZm-kv, ssak-q¿,

tIcfm- k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ \n∂v _n. F., _n. F¬.,

Fw. Fkv. Uªyp., Un. Fkv. Fkv. _ncp-Z-ßƒ t\Sn.

ImeSn kwkvIrX k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn¬ InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS

]Sn-tbm-e-I-sf-∏‰n Kth-jWw \S-Øn ]n.F®v.Un. Icÿ-

am°n.

c‡mw-_-cw, Ipfn-cp≈ cmXn-bn¬, A¿≤-cm-Xn-bn¬

F∂o sNdp-IYm kamlm-c-ßfpw B¿Øm‰v ]≈n-∏m´pw NcnXtcJ-I-fpw,

sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-fbpw ae-¶-c-k- -bpw, Ip∂w-Ipfw Imh-Sn-t°kv, \ncWw

]≈n-®-cnXw, dmhpkmln_v tUm. Noc≥ h¿§okv, sI. Sn. amXyp, tUm. kn.

kn. amXyp F∂o KŸ-ßƒ cNn-®p. B\-∏m-∏n, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n,

C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-N-cn-Xhpw kwkvIm-c-hpw, \oXn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈

\nb-a-bp-≤w, Ce-™n-°¬ tPm¨ h°o¬, ]pØ≥Imhv sIm®p-Xn-cp-ta-\n

F∂o KŸ-ß-fpsS kl-K-Ÿ-Im-c-\m-Wv. 2005˛¬ \yqtbm¿°v sk‚ v KotKm-

dn-tbmkv skmssk-‰n-bpsS Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-bn.

Biwkae-¶-ck -bpsS Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ß-fn¬ \S∂ Ahn-kva-c-

Wobamb Hcp kp]-[m\ kw`-h-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Ncn-Xhpw ae-¶-c-k-`m

- m-kp-c≥ h´t»c-n¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm k -

bv°p-th≠n A\p-jvTn® XymK-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ t\¿°p-≠mb h[- o-j-

Wn-Isf t\cn-Sm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Imh¬°m-cpsS Xe-h-\mb h¿°n Bim≥

F∂ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS Iqc-amb h[hpw sIme-t°kpw Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°p tImS-

Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw Db-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n® in£bpw a‰pw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Cu

]pkvXIw \ΩpsS k`m-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Hcp mK-am-Wv. A≤ym-]-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-

cp∂ h¿°n F∂ B\-∏m∏n k`m-kvt\lw aqe-amWv ]gb skan-\m-cn-bn-

te°v B\-bn-°-s∏- -Xv. a√\pw i‡-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏nsb hI-h-cp-ØmsX,

h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hn-Sm≥ km[y-a-s√∂p≈

FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS IW°p Iq´-ens‚ ê-amWv NXn-bn-eqsS \S-Ønb ]m∏n

h[w.

]m∏n-sb-∏-‰nbpw, Hcp ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm \mńse Nne-cpsS t]cW -

aqew \S-Ønb A\-[n-IrX apS-°ns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw In´m-hp∂

B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cNn-®n- p≈ Cu ]pkvX-Iw, sX‰mb

]e ap≥[m-c-W-Iƒ Xncp-Øm\pw bYm¿∞ hkvXp-X-Iƒ a\-n-em-°m\pw

hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-b-I-amWv. ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-jn‡s‚ t\tc ZpjvS-em-

t°msS ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°p e`n-°p∂ in£ ]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

kXyw a\-n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw bph-X-e-ap-dbv°p k`-tbmSp IqSp-X¬

kvt\lhpw Iqdpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw Cu ]pkvXI hmb\ Hcp henb Af-

hn¬ klm-bn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p ]£-an-√. k`mNcn-X-˛-Poh-N-cnX cN-

\m-cw-K-ß-fn¬ ]iw-k-\o-b-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ AUz. ]n. kn. amXyphpw tIm´-bv°¬ sI. hn. amΩ\pw IqSn

FgpXnb it≤-b-amb ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ KŸw k`m-N-cnX ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°pw

At\z-j-I¿°pw Hcp henb apX¬°q-´m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p kwi-b-an-√.

KŸ-I¿Øm-°-fmb Ccp-h-scbpw anI® Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xnb \ΩpsS

tPmk^v Noc-\-®t\bpw \mw A\p-tam-Zn-°p-Ibpw Ch-cpsS k`m-N-cnX

kmlnXy ]cn-t]m-jWsØ hne-a-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

_t-en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm

amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°mtIm´bw

19- 11- 2000

Imc-bv°-en¬ h®p \S-Ø-s∏´ B\-∏m∏n Nc-a-i-Xm_vZn

ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX ]. _t-en-tbmkv

am¿tØmam ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm

BapJw]pcm-X-\-]-kn-≤-amb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`-

bpsS Ncn-XsØ kw_‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tNmc ]pc≠ Zo¿Lamb

Hcm-≤ym-b-Ønse [oc \mb-I-s\∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ B\-∏m-

∏n-bpsS Ipcp-Xn-sb-∏‰n Fs´m≥]Xp Zim-_vZ-ßƒ°p- tijw F¥n-

\mWv Fgp-Xp-∂-sX∂v C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bnse CXp kw_-‘n®p

th≠X hnh-c-an-√mØ k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fmb Nne¿s°-¶nepw \ymb-

ambn tNmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. kº-∂-amb ae-¶ck`-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-

Øn\pw Imin\pw th≠n Hcp iXm-_vZ-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn \S-∂p-h-cp-

∂Xpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ig-ºn-√m-ØXpw hy‡n-\n-jvT-hp-amb \nm-

c-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb I£n-h-g-°ns‚ Dd-hnSw a\-n-em-

°m\pw XZzmc imizX kam-[m-\-Øns‚ hmSmØ imZze ]tZ-i-

sØ-Øm\pw kXy-k-‘-amb NcnXw ]Tnt® Xocq. AXn\p a‰p

Ipdp-°p-h-gn-sbm-∂p-an-√ (a-e-¶-c-k`-bnse ]iv\-ß-fp-sS apJy -Im-

cWw \ΩpsS Bfp-Iƒ k`m-N-cn-Xhpw kXy-hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw

]Tn®p a\-n-em°n ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm-ØXm-

sW∂p ASpØImeØv A¥-cn® henb ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb

dh. tUm. hn. kn. kmap-th¬ ]e-hpcp ]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw

sNbvXn-´p-≠v).

]im¥kpµ-c-am-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-k`m ktcm-h-c-Øn¬ X°-Xmb

ImcWw IqSmsX apS-s°∂ sNfn-]p-c≠ Is√-Sp-sØ-dn™p Ie-

°n-bXpw ]W-tØm-sSm∏w A[n-Imc a’y-ßsf ]nSn-°m≥ Nne¿

h©-\-sIm≠p s\bvsX-SpØ he- ho-in-bXpw aqe-amWv k`-bn¬

Xncn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw Xncn-a-dn-I-fp-sSbpw XocmØ Xnc-am-e-Iƒ, i‡n

Ipd-™-Xm-sW-¶nepw, C∂pw hoin-b-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. iXm-

_vZ-ßƒ°p apºpXs∂ IS-en-\-°sc XS™p \ndp-tØ-≠n-bn-cp∂

It√m-e-am-e-Isf Imen-\-Sn-bn-te°p \n¿_m[w ASn-®p-tI-‰m≥ C\n

A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ Chn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°p Ic-bn¬ \n¬°m≥ t]mepw CS-

an-√msX hcp-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\p c≠p-]-£-an-√.

ssZhm-i-b-tØmSpw ss[cy-tØmSpw [\y-Po-hnXw \bn®v Hcp \q‰m-

≠n\p apºv Xs‚ k`m-\u-I-sb, Imdpw tImfpw \nd™ IS-en-eqsS

adn-bm-sXbpw apßn-a-dn-bm-sXbpw I∏-tem-Sn® Hcp I∏n-Øm-s\-t∏mse,

Xt‚-S-tØmSp IqSn \bn® ae-¶-c-k`m `mkp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-

Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb \oN-ambn h[n-

°m\pw At±-l-Øns‚ ssIh-i-Øn¬ \n∂p k`-bpsS kncm-tI-µ-

8 B\-∏m∏n

am-bn-cp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn Xń-sb-Sp-°m\pw ZpjvS-i-‡n-Iƒ \S-Ønb

Xń-∏p-Iƒ°v Cc-bmb Hcp a√-\mWv B\-∏m∏n F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ h¿°n Bim≥.

ZrV-Im-b\pw I¿Ω-ssN-X\y [\y\pw ss[cy-hm\pw k`m-kvt\-

ln-bp-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏nsb h[n-s®-¶n¬ amX-ta, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-a-\n-

bpsS tZl-c-£m¿∞w \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-hsc t]Sn-∏n-°m\pw

]nSn-°m\pw ASn-t®m-Sn-°m\pw H‰-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw HSp-hn¬ skan-\mcn

]nSn-s®-Sp-°m\pw km[n-°p-I-bp≈p F∂p th≠hn[-Øn¬ ap≥ I≠p

sIm≠mWv Akm-[m-c-W -ta-[m-i-‡n-bpw -Bƒ_-ehpw A¿∞hpw

A[n-Imcÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \√ ]nSn-]mSpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ Nne¿ KqVm-

tem-N\ \SØn ]m∏nsb ]´m∏I¬ \Zn-bpsS A°sc \n∂p h∂p

shń-s°m-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

Hcp ]s£ Xmsg∏-d-bp∂ thZ-hmIyw k`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ D’p-I-

cm-bn-cp∂ Cu kpX-[m-c-∑m¿°p, A√ sNIp-Øms‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v

t]cW \¬In-bn- p-≠m-hmw. ""_e-hms\ ]nSn-®p-sI- o- -√msX Ahs‚

hoń¬ IS∂p Ahs‚ tIm∏p Ih¿∂p If-hm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-

bn-√. ]nSn®psIń-bm¬ ]ns∂ Ahs‚ hoSp Ih¿® sNømw'' (a¿-

t°mkv 3:27).

A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ NcnXw abßn Dd-ßp-Ibpw AXncm-hnse DW-

cp-Ibpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂, IWzm-ia kam-\-amb

]gbskan-\m-cn-sb, Hc-c-™mWw IWs° Np‰n aßm-sXm-gp-Ip∂

as‰mcp amen\o\Zn-sbt∂m aµm-In-\n-sbt∂m hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂

ao\-®n-em-dns‚ adp-I-c-bn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n® X¿°-hn-X¿°-ßfpw, k`m-

N-cnX Xcw-Kn-Wn-bn¬ c‡-—hn Ie¿Ønb Cu \c-l-Xybpw ]m∏n-

°v Hc-f-hn¬ B[p-\nI ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ c‡-km-£n-bpsS ]cn-thjw

AWn-tb-≠n- h-∂Xpw B¿°pw AX-thKw ad-hn-bpsS Bg-°-S-en-

te°p X≈m-\m-hn-√-t√m.

Cu \c-_-en-tb-°ƒ ][m\w, A√ `bm-\mIw AsXm-cp-°nb

ZpxJ-Øns‚ ]m\-]mXw tam¥n-°p-Sn-®-h-cpsSbpw IÆp-\o¿ XSm-I-

Øn¬ \o¥n-°p-Sn®p A°c IS-∂-h-cp-sSbpw bmX-\-Iƒ \nd™

PohnX acp-`q-bm-X-bm-Wv. CtX-∏‰n ]e Imcy-ßƒ k`m-N-cn-

XØns‚ th≠X sXfn-bmØ Xmfp-I-fnepw ssIbn-se-Sp-Øm¬

ajn ]‰p∂ A∂sØ ]X-am-kn-IIfn-epw shfn®w ImWmsX Nn∂n-

®n-Xdn InS-°p-∂p-≠v. F∂n-cn-°nepw ssZh-Øns‚ k`-bn¬ A¿l-

X-bn-√mØ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßfpw \mWwsI´ Imcy-ßƒ°p-t]mepw

9B\-∏m∏n

t]cW \¬Ip∂ \mW-b-ßfpw ]am-Wn-Øhpw Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥

Nne a\p-jym-[a∑m¿ ImWn® s\dn-tI-Sp-Iƒ th≠-hn-[-Øn¬

tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p F¶n¬ k -bn¬ CØcw \oN-]-hrØnIƒ

ho≠pw Xe-s]m-°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. \√ Dt±-iy-ß-tfmSp IqSnb k`m-

]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Imep IpØp∂ Nne¿ e-]p-jvSn-bp≈ ÿeØp

Imep-d-∏n®p Ign-™m-epS≥ ssZh-sØ ad∂v k`-bpsS kzØp-°-

fn¬ ImI-ZrjvSn ]Xn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]≈n-bn¬ h∂p _I [ym\w \S-

Øp-Ibpw k`-tbbpw Xß-sf-Ø-s∂bpw Htc kabw \mi-Iq-]-Øn-

te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ImgvN k`m-N-cn-Xw H∂p adn®p

t\m°p-∂-h¿°p t]mepw Zriy-am-Wv (t\-¥-th-enbpw a‰pw ssI°em-

°n-b-h¿°p Bbp-kns‚ a≤yw IS-∂-t∏m-tg°pw IÆo¿]mSØp

Xs∂ ivaim\w Is≠tØ≠n h∂Xv ChnsS ]k-‡-amb as‰mcp

IY).

CØcw lo\-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬ \n]-Xn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n Hcp KpW-

]m-T-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv B\-∏m∏n h[hpw H´-[nIwt]sc \nb-a-Øn-

s‚bpw a‰pw hmƒap-\-bn¬ \n¿Ønb tIkpw A\-¥-c-^-e-ßfpw

a‰pw IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. Hcp IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bn¬ \S-Ø-

s∏´ Cu sIme-]m-X-I-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nne hy‡n-Ifpw Nne

]apJ IpSpw-_-ßfpw t\cn´ IjvS-\-jvS-ßfpw Zpc-¥-ßfpw Zp¿Ω-c-

W-ßfpw \ncm-i-bn¬ \n]-Xn® a‰p Nne-cpsS PohnX kmbm”-ßfpw

\c-I-Po-hn-Xhpw ae-bm-f-`m-j-tbmSv Ipsd-sbms° tZmjw sNømsX

i‡-amb hm°p-I-fn¬ IpØn-°p-dn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬

`mjm-kvt\-lsØ ap≥\n¿Øn AXp hnSp-I-bm-Wv.

]pWykva-cWm¿l\mb HutK≥ ]Y-a≥ _mhmsb 75 h¿jw

apºv At±lw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Hcp IjvSm-\p-

`hBgvN-bn¬, I≈-Sn-®-tijw ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v Im∏n-hSn

sIm≠-Sn-®-hcpw AXn\pth≠n GWn-Nm-cn-s°m-Sp-Ø-hcpw A\p- -hn®

\c-I-bm-X-\-Iƒ°pw thZ-\bv°pw IjvSm-\p-`-h-ßƒ°pw IW-°n-√.

am¿ HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm F∂ Poh-N-cn-X-Ønse (tIm-´-

bv°¬ ]ªn-tjgvkv, amßm\w, tIm´bw˛18) "]ndhw a¿±\w' F∂

A≤ym-b-Øn¬ KŸ-I¿Ømhv, B \oN-IrXyw sNbvX-h¿°p-≠mb

ITn-\- bm-X-\-Iƒ ZrIvkm-£n-I-fpsS hnh-c-W-ßsf ap≥\n-dpØn

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

40 h¿jw apºv, 1976 HmKÃv 21-˛\p ]I-S\w \bn®v A¶-amen

`Zm-k-\-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-amb Bephm Xr°p-∂Øp skan-\mcn

]nSn-s®-Sp-°m\pw AXp hf™p ae-¶ck`-bpsS Aw_m-k-U-sd∂p

10 B\-∏m∏n

hnti-jn-∏n-°s∏-Sp∂ tUm. oen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm- ntemkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]pI®p ]pd-Øm-°m\pw sshZn-Isc h[n-°m\pw ian-

°p-Ibpw HSp-hn¬ Im¿ IØn®p tIm]w Nmº-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX

kw`hw AX thKw ad-°m-\m-hn-√-t√m. Im¿ IØn-®-h¿°pw AIaw

Imń-b-h¿°pw e`n® ssZhnI in£ A⁄m-X-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬

ChnsS Ipdn-°p-∂n-√.

Hcp Iogvt°m-SXn hn[n-bpsS tIm∏n _nj-∏n\p \¬Im-s\∂

hymtP\ 1998 sk]v‰w-_¿ 19-˛\v A¿-≤-cmXn Hcp kwLw BZw-K-hm-

Zn-I-fmb ssh-Zn-Icpw Kp≠-Ifpw ]m]-Øns‚ ]m\obw AI-Øm-

°nbpw I√pw I´-Ifpw hSn-Ifpw ssII-fn-te-¥nbpw aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-

a-\bv°v Is√-dn-bm\pw ssItb‰w \S-Øm\pw I≠-\mSv `Zm-k\

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmb tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns\

hI-h-cp-Øm\pw \S-Ønb iaw ]ecpw hninjy sshZnIskan-\m-cn-

I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-hcpw ]Tn-°p-∂-hcpw ]gb ]mgvsN-bvXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v

]mT-sam∂pw CXp-hsc ]Tn-®n-ń-s√-∂mWv ]I¬ t]mse hy‡-am-

°p-∂-Xv.

CXbpw Ipdn-®-t∏m-gmWv a\p-jys‚ kzm¿∞-X, Zpcm-Klw, kpJ-

Zpx-J-k-Ωn-i-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh kv]jvS-am-

°p∂ cmam-bWw Atbm-≤ym-Im-fi-Ønse Hcp NnXw Hm¿Ω-bpsS

`nØn-bn¬ ]Xn-™-Xv. a\p-jys‚ k¶-S-ßfpsS aqe-Im-cWw Aan-

Xm-i-bm-Wv. Atbm-[ym-cmPyw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n bph-cm-Pm-hmb

iocm-a≥ c≠p-h´w Nn¥n-°msX h\sØ cmP-[m-\n-bmbn kzoI-cn-

°p-Ibpw AhnsS kpJ-ambn Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-∂p. At∏m-

gmWv amco-Ns\∂ s]m∑ms\ ]nSn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ koXm-tZhn BK-

ln-®p-sIm≠v \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-Xv. CtXmsS iocm-as‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬

Ipg-∏-ßfpsS Nße krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. koXsb th¿]n-cn-tb-≠nbpw

h-∂p. koX-bpsS Cu Aan-Xm-i-bmWv Ah-cpsS Zmº-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬

D≠mb AI¬®-bp-sSbpw henb IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw F√mw sNdnb

Bcw-`w.

kzm¿∞-X, Al¥ F∂n-h-bpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]gbskan-\mcn

Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw ]nSn-s®-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw ""apS-°n-b-tijw saXm-t∏m-

eo-Ømsb'' Cd-°n-hn-S-W-sa∂pw Nne¿°v AXn-tamlw D≠mb-XmWv

Ipg-∏-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw BZy- Im-cWw. skan-\mcn ssIh-i-am-°m\pw

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]Sn-bn-d°n kt¥m-jn-°m\pw BtLm-jn-

°m\pw BK-ln® Nne¿ HSp-hn¬ sIme-t°kv ]Xn-I-fmbn. Ah¿

ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw IjvS-X-I-fp-sSbpw im]-Øn-s‚bpw Ccp≠ Xmgvh-

c-I-fn-eqsS IS∂v IÆp-\o¿ XS-mI-Øn¬ HgpIn FØp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

11B\-∏m∏n

B\-∏m-∏n, tIm´-b-tØ°v B\-bn-°-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bm-b-Xpw, At±lw

k`m-`m-kp-c\p th≠n acWw hcn-t°-≠n -h-∂Xpw saXm-t∏m-eoØm

Zo¿L-Im-ew, hyY-Nn-¥-tbmsS h[-ò-j-Wn-bpsS \ng¬- -ho-inb ˛

F√m-‰n-s‚bpw \ni-_vZ-km-£n-bmbn \n-e-bv°mØ \Zo-am-Xr-I-Øn¬

X]vX-lr-Z-b-\mbn Ign-™Xpw, F√mw Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ lrZ-

b-th-Z-\-tbm-SpIqSn amXta k`m-kvt\-ln-Iƒ°v ImWm-\m-hq. Zim-

_vZ-ßƒ ]n∂n´ k`-bnse Ie-l-tIm-em-l-e-ß-fpsS hnlz-e-

e£yhpw kXy-k-‘-amb hkvXp-X-Ifpw icn-bv°-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v

Ign™ c≠p Zi-I-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Rßƒ ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-®n-´p-

≠v. KŸ-c-N-\-bv°p-th≠n H -[nIw tcJ-Ifpw a‰pw t\csØ \¬In-

b-tijw A°c IS∂ ]e am\y -hy-‡n-I-fp-≠v. Ah-cn¬ ]ap-J≥

A¥-cn® aW-en¬ Znhyio bmt°m_v IØ-\m-cm-Wv. ]tc-X-cmb

CkUv. Fw. ]mtd-ńs‚ AXp-ey-amb ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ F∂

k`m-N-cnX ]pkvX-I-ßƒ, sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS Pohn-X-kva-

c-W-Iƒ, H. Fw. amXyp Hcphń-Ø-d-bpsS ""B\-∏m∏n ]pcm-Ww'',

_Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Kncn-Zo]w, kn. ‰n. tPmWns‚ A°c

IpSpw-_-N-cnXw, ]mtd´v amXyqkv IØ-\m-cpsS Ubdn F∂nh hfsc

hne-s∏´ tcJ-I-fm-Wv.

(]m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®v C∂v C¥ybn¬ k¿°p-te-j-\n¬ H∂mw

ÿm\Øv \nesIm≈p∂ ae-bmf at\m-ca 1912-˛¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-

Ønb kXy-k-‘-amb dnt∏m¿´pw Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-amb apJ-]-kw-Khpw

AXyp-’m-l-tØmSpw AXn-ep-]cn kt¥m-j-tØmSpw ap≥ No^v

FUn-‰¿ sI. Fw. amXyp ]I¿Øn Fgp-Xn®p Rßƒ°-b®p X∂p.

IqSmsX ]m∏n-sb-∏-‰n ]tbm-P-\-]-Z-amb Fs¥-¶nepw hnhcw Adn-

bm-hp-∂-h¿ C∂p-s≠-¶n¬ Ab®pXc-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-

≠p≈ Hcp IØv ae-bmf at\m-ca ap≥ No^v FUn-‰¿ sI. Fw.

amXyp-hn\v Rm≥ Ab®psImSp-Øp. ]Xm-[n-]¿°p≈ B IØv hcp-

∂-Xn\v aq∂p -Znhkw apºv 2000 Pqsse 22-˛\v i\n-bmgvN Rm≥ aZm-

kn-ep≈ AUz. ]n. kn. Ipcys‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ h®v A]-Xo-£n-X-

ambn amØp-°p-ń-®m-bs\ I≠-t∏mƒ Cu IØns‚ Imcyw A\p-

kva-cn∏n-®p. ""]m∏nsb icn-°-dn-bm-hp-∂-h-sc√mw Ct∏mƒ kz¿§-

Ønepw \c-I-Øn-ep-am-sW-∂tX'' amØp-°p-ń-®m-b≥ ]Xn-h-Nn-®-Xv.

]m∏n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ bYm¿∞ hnh-c-ßƒ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ At\z-jW

]cy-S-\-Øn-\-nS-bn¬, No^v FUn-‰¿ ]d™ Imcyw XnI®pw kXy-

k-‘hpw A\z¿∞-hp-am-sW∂v IqSp-X¬ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp

(ss_]mkv ikvX-In-bbv°v hnt[-b-\mbn Xs‚ tPyjvT ktlm-Z-

c\pw AUzt°-‰p-amb ]n. kn. Ipcys‚ aZm-knse hk-Xn-bn¬ hni-

12 B\-∏m∏n

an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kap-Zmb SÃn ]n. kn. G_-lm-ans\ ImWm-\mWv

_mw•q-cn¬ \n∂v ap≥ ]-cn-]m-Sn-b-\p-k-cn®v aZmkv hgn tIm -b-tØ°v

hcp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ m. tPm¨ tXm-a-kn¬ \n∂p hnh-c-a-dn™p Rm≥

]n. kn. Ipcys‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ FØn-bXv: sI. hn. amΩ≥)

k`m-N-cn-X-hn-j-b-Øn¬ AXoh Xev]-c\pw at\m-ca FUn-t‰m-

dn-b¬ sse_-dn Akn-Ã‚p-amb hdp-Kokv tPm¨ tXm´-∏p-g, k`m-

NcnX Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ D’m-lhpw Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-ap≈ tPmbvkv

tXm´-bv°mSv, ae-¶ck`-bpsS ]q¿∆-Ime Ncn-X-Øn¬ \√ Ah-Km-

l-ap≈ tP°_v tXmakv \Sp-hn-te-°c F∂nhtcm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSpw

\µnbpw ChnsS Ipdn-°-s´. k¿t∆m-]cn ]m∏n-bpsS Cf-b-]pXnbpw

A∂v sXmÆq-dp-Im-cn-bp-amb Ipń-b-Ωsb 2000 Pqsse amk-Øn¬

Ihn-bq-cn-seØn kµ¿in-°m\pw Nne hne-s∏´ hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-°m\pw

CS-bm-bn. IqSmsX at\m-c-a-bnse ]Xm-[n-]¿°p≈ IØp I≠v Nne

am\y -hy‡n-Ifpw GXm\pw hnh-c-ßƒ Adn-bn® Imcyhpw \µn-

]q¿∆w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

B\∏m-∏n-sb-∏‰n C∂sØ k`mw-K-ßƒ°v tI´p-tI-gvhn-I-fn¬

\n∂v e`n® Ahy-‡hpw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-hp-amb Nne Adn-hp-Iƒ

amX-ta-bp-≈p-sh∂pw X∂n-anØw At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xhpw

A∂sØ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb k`m-N-cn-Xhpw a‰pw tN¿Øv Hcp

]pkvXIw FXbpwthKw Cd-°-W-sa∂pw Rß-tfmSv 15 h¿jw apºv

Bh-iy-s∏-´Xv Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn tZml-bn¬ tkh\w A\p-jvTn®

henb k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fmb tXmakv Ipcy\pw (]-\-b-ºm-e) a‰p Nne

am\y -kp-lr-Øp-°-fp-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS hne-s∏´ \n¿t±-ihpw t]m’m-

l-\hpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ""B\-∏m∏n'' C∂pw shfn®w ImWp-

I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

k`m-kvt\lw IqSp-X¬ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw t]mPz-en-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn\pw h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m∏n D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v Rßƒ

Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv. k`m-N-cn-X-Øns‚ tIZm-c-amb ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-

bpsS \mep-sI- n-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw CS-\m-gn-bn-epw, aßm-sXm-gp-Ip∂

ao\-®n-em-dns‚ Ccp-I-c-I-fnepw Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-

fn¬ Ac-tß-dnb \mS-Io-bhpw ssIt∏-dn-b-Xp-amb cwK-ß-sf-∏‰n H´-

[nIw k`mw-K-ßƒ°v th≠X Dƒ°mgvN e`n-°p-sa-∂p≈ ]Xo£

Xs∂ Rßsf l¿j-]p-f-In-X-cm-°p-∂p. ]X-am-kn-I-I-fnepw k`m-

N-cnX KŸ-ß-fnepw dn°m¿Up-I-fnepw ]g-a-°m-cpsS hmbvsamgn-I-

fnepw IqSn h∂n-´p≈ Ie¿∏n-√mØ A\n-tj-[y-amb hkvXp-X-I-

13B\-∏m∏n

fmWv Ncn-X-kXy-ßƒ sImcpØ Hcp ame -t]mse Rßƒ ChnsS

kam-l-cn®p ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bsc-sb-¶nepw Bt£-]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m

sIm®m-°p-∂-Xnt\m Rßƒ°v bmsXmcp Dt±-iy-hp-an-√. Rß-fpsS

e£y-hp-a-X-√; AXns‚ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂p-≈-XmWv Cu cN-\-bpsS

][m\ ]tXy-I-X. F∂n-cn-°nepw KX-Im-esØ NSp-e-amb kw`-h-

]-c-º-c-Iƒ _‘-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-I-fn-ep≈ Nne¿s°-¶nepw

Akp-J-I-c-amb Nne A\p-kva-c-W-ßƒ°v hgn-h-bv°mw. ]t£ AXv

Ncn-X-Øn-s‚bpw \njv]-£-amb Ah-Xc-W-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-cy-

amb Hcp êw F∂p amXw IW-°m-°n-bm¬ aXn-bm-hpw. kw`h

hnh-c-W-ßfpw tIknse samgn-Ifpw Ign™v HSp-hn¬ hn[n hcp-

tºmƒ Ipsd-sb√mw Bh¿Ø\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

ASp-Ø-Im-eØv Hcp cmjvSob ]m¿ń Bkq-XWw \SØn Sn.

]n. Nµ-ti-J-cs\ h[n®t∏mƒ ]Xn-Iƒ amX-a-√, h[-Øn\p t]cn-

∏n-®-hcpw ]Xn-I-sf-t∏mse in£ A\p-`-hn-°-Ø-°-hn[w \nb-a-t`Z-

KXn C∂p \S-∏n¬ hcpØn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu \nbaw t\csØ D≠m-bn-

cp∂p F¶n¬ B\-∏m∏n tIkn¬ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-°m-cmb Izt´-j≥

kwLsØ G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb tIm´bw ]am-Wn-Ifpw Pbn-en¬ InS∂p

Gsd \c-In®p acn®p aÆ-Sn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-¶c hdp-Ko-kns\ h[n-°m≥ Xriq¿°m-cmb Izt´-j≥ kwL-

Øn\p hoSpw, Imdpw, tNmdpw, ]Whpw \¬Inb ta¬∏-´-°m-c\pw

]e t\Xm-°-∑mcpw 15 h¿j-ambn kzX-¥-cmbn \S-°m-\m-hmsX Pbn-

e-gn-Iƒ FÆpambn-cp-∂p. kn._n.sF. Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ae-¶c hdp-

Kokv tIkns‚ At\z-jWw cmjvSobt]cn-X-amb XS-¶¬ ]md-

bn¬ Xńbpw apńbpw \n›-e-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bm-Wv.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ae-¶c hdp-Kokv h[w Bkq-XWw sNbvX-

hscbpw ]nSn-IqSn A¿l-amb in£ \¬I-W-sa-¶n¬ kn._n.sF.

h¿≤nX Xm¬]-cy-tØmsS DW¿∂p ]h¿Ønt® Xocq.

]m∏nbpw a‰pw tIm´-bØv hcm-\p-≠mb kml-N-cy-ßƒ A\p-hm-

N-I¿°v \¬Ip∂ Hcp KpW-]m-T-ap-≠v. ssZh-sØbpw ssZh-Øns‚

k`-tbbpw ]≈n-I-sfbpw ]pWy-Po-hnXw \bn-°p∂ A`n-jn-‡-∑m-

scbpw \nKqV e£y-]m-]vXn-°mbn Ah-tl-fn-°p-Ibpw sXm´p-I-fn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Xo°-fn-bm-sW∂v. Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mb

]m∏n-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Pohn-X-sØ-∏-‰nbpw a‰pw hni-Z-ambn hnh-

cn-°pI F∂-X-√ Cu KŸ-c-N-\-bpsS apJy -e-£yw. AtX kabw

Hcp ]Xn-k-‘n-bn¬ Ipcp-t£Xambn amdnb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬

14 B\-∏m∏n

]m∏n FØp-∂Xpw At±-l-Øns‚ Ipcp-Xn-sb-Øp-S¿∂v ae-¶-c-k-`m-

N-cnX Xcw-KnWn c‡mw-_cw AWn™p e÷m-h-Xn-bmbn hgn amdn

Hgp-Ip-∂Xpw H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°nb B sIme-t°-nse sXfn-hp-Iƒ

]W-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o-\-Øns‚bpw mcw aqew apßp-∂Xpw HSp-hn¬

[\-Øns‚ ]nc-an-Un¬ Nmcn-\n-∂-h¿ ]nc-anUpw \n]-Xn®p \ncm-i-

cmbn \new]cn-im-Ip-∂Xpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ \nµ

[cn®pw ]pX-∏p-t]mse e÷ ]pX®pw IS∂pt]mIp-∂Xpw Nne¿ Zpc-

¥-ßfpsS A¥-an-√mØ Bg-ß-fn¬ Xmgp-∂Xpw t]¿Øpw t]¿Øpw

Nn¥m¿l-am-I-bm¬ \ap°v Ipd-®p-t\cw ]m∏n-tbm-sSm∏w k©-cn-

°mw. BcmWv Cu B\∏m∏n F∂v BZy-ambn I≠p a\-n-em-°mw.

hcq Rß-fpsS IqsS. As√-¶n¬ ]m∏n Z¿i\w Ipcp-S-∑m¿ B\sb

`mKn-I-ambn I≠-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ipw.

hgn -sX-‰n-bn-s√∂pw t\¿]m-X-bn-em-sW∂pw Rßƒ Be- hn´v

]pd-Øp-t]mbn ImSp Ib-dn-ń-s√∂pw apJy-amb AP-]m-e-\-tPm-en-

bn¬ Zim-_vZ-ß-fmbn hSnbpw ASnbpw IqSmsX amXr-Im-]-c-ambn

Ip™m-Sp-Isf \bn-°p∂ sshZnI ]ap-J≥ dh. tUm. tPmk^v

Nocs‚ AKm-[- k-`m-N-cnX hn⁄m\ k¥-Xn -Iq-Sn-bmb Ah-Xm-cn-

I-bn¬ A`n-]m-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXns\ IÆ-©n-°p-∂ ˛

I\I-Im\\Im¥n sNmcn-bp-∂- ˛ -Xr-iq-cnse ]Ø-c-am-‰p≈ IWvTm-

`-c-W-sØ-t∏mse Rßƒ IW-°m-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w kam-cm-

[y-\mb Cu CS-b-ti-jvTs‚ apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn-ep≈ ""Cu KŸm-

h-X-cW IqZm-i-bn¬'' \a-in-c-kvI-cmbn \n∂v A`n-am\w sIm≈p-

Ibpw Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ hncn™ IrX-⁄-X-bpsS arZp-e-at\m-

l-c-amb CfwXfn-cp-Ifpw hmSm-a-e-cp-Ifpw A¿®-\m-`m-h-tØmsS

A®\v ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv.

Hcp \q‰m≠p apºv k`bpsS t\Xr-ÿm-\Øv th≠X A¿l-X-

bn-√msX IS∂pIb-dn-h-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXnIƒ aqew k`-bv°p-≠mb

tIm -ßƒ a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu hc-samgn hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bm¬ e£yw

t\Sn F∂p≈ kwXr]vXn Rß-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb

Hcp ]Xn-êw, hm\-]ÿw IS∂v k\ym-k-Øn-te°v \otß≠

]mb-Øn¬ FØn\n¬°p∂ Rßƒ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-an-√.

AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp]pen-t°m-ń¬, Ip∂w-Ipfw

sI. hn. amΩ≥tIm´-bv°¬, amßm\w

tIm´bw ˛ 18

12-˛04-˛2015

15B\-∏m∏n

ae-¶c k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse

tNmc-]p-c≠ A[ymbw

^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥

tIm´bw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS inem-ÿm-]\w \S∂ 1814- s^-

_p-hcn 15-˛\p ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse B[p-\nI

L´w Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. H∂c \q‰m-t≠mfw ]_-e-am-bn-cp∂ ]I-tem-

a‰w saXm-∑m-cpsS IpSpw-_-hmgvN At∏m-tg°pw AkvX-an-°m-dm-bn-

cp-∂p. F´mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS A¥y-\m-fpIfpw 9˛mw am¿tØm-Ωm-

bpsS \n»-_vZ-km-∂n-[yhpw Hc-kvX-a\ ]Xo-Xn-bmWv ae-¶ck`m-

N-cn-X-Øn¬ DW¿Øp-∂-Xv. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw

AXns‚ cmP-inev]n C´q∏v dºm\pw (]n-ev°m-eØv ]pen-t°m-ń¬

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv butk^v H∂m-a≥ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm)

Hcp kqtcym-Z-bsØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p. saXm-∑m-cpsS IpSpw_

]mc-º-cym-[n-]Xyw \ndp-Ø-em-°n-bXpw hntZ-i-t°m-bva-tbm-Sp≈

Bflob hnt[-b-Xz-Øn\v (eu-InI hnt[-bXzw Hcn-°¬t]mepw D≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-ń-√t√m) Adp-Xn -h-cp-Øn-bXpw B¿Øm-‰v, I≠-\mSv ]Sn-tbm-

e-I-fn-eqsS Hcp ]pXnb `c-W-ssi-enbpw k`m-kw-kv°m-chpw k`-

bn¬ kwI-an-∏n-®Xpw sshZnI ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\pw Cw•ojv `mjm-

`yk-\-Øn\pw BZy-th-Zn-Iƒ k÷o-I-cn-®Xpw ae-¶ck`-bnse

BZysØ s]mXp ÿm]-\-ambpw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS

HutZym-KnI Bÿm-\-ambpw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnsb hn`m-h\w sNbvXp

]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-bXpw inYn-e-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂ CS-h-I-Isf kpi-

‡hpw Bkq-Xn-Xhpw Bb Hcp tIµo-IrX `cWkwhn-[m-\-Øn-

te°p LSn-∏n-®Xpw ]pcp-j-tNX-\-bp≈ Hcp kwIa]pcp-j-s‚bpw

hnπ-h-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp kap-Zm-bm-Nm-cy-s‚bpw ]hm-N-I-mflm-hp≈

Hcp Im¥-Z¿in-bp-sSbpw NnX-amWv \ap°p kΩm-\n-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-

f-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI \thm-∞m-\sØ k^-e-ambn kzm[o-\n®

ae-bmfw ss__nƒ hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ôen-t∏mkv dºm\pw skan-

\m-cn -ÿm-]-I\pw hln® ]¶v B kqtcym-Z-bsØ ]cn-]p-jvS-am-°n.

F∂m¬ ]n≥Km-an-I-fpsS Z¿i\ ZmcnZyw ae-¶-c-k- sb ]pd-tIm´p

hen-®n-g-bv°p∂ Zriy-amWv ]n∂oSv ]e-t∏mgpw \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. ]g-

b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v ae-¶c saXm\v Xmakw amt‰≠n h∂p.

skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]n≥kn-∏¬ ÿm\hpw A[ym-]-\hpw \S-Øn∏pw

ItaW Bwt•-b- [z-c-am-cn¬ sN∂p tNcm-\n-S-bm-bn. \ho-I-cW

16 B\-∏m∏n

kzm[o\w ae-¶ck`m- k-am-[m-\-Øn\v h≥ ò-j-Wn-bm-bn. amth-en-

°c kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ h®v (F.Un. 1836) Hcp k`m-hn-`-P-\-Øn\v AXv

Imc-W-am-bn. ]K-¤-a-Xn-bmb ]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØ-

m\m-tkymkv hntZ-iØp t]mbn Xncn-®p-h∂v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm

ÿm\-Øn\v Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-®-t∏mƒ (1842-˛¬) lkz-amb Hcn-

S-th-f-°p-tijw hntZ-i-ta¬t°m-bva-bpsS \ocm-fn-∏n-SpØw ho≠pw

Acßp XI¿Øp. 1873˛¬ BZyw ]cp-a-e -h®pw 1876-˛¬ apf-¥p-cp-

Øn-bn¬ h®pw tN¿∂ ]≈n]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ h®v "saXm-

∑m-cpsS GI-\m-b-IXz' Øn\v Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw aq∂v Iq´p- S-

Ãn-Iƒ, amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n, kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-

j≥ (tI-c-f-Ønse H∂m-asØ kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\- 1873) F∂o

]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-]m-Z-Øn¬ ]pen-t°m-

ń¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv tPmk^v ZznXo-b≥, lnc-Wym-£-∑m¿ Nhn-

ń-Øm-gvØnb ae-¶ck`m qJ-fisØ ]mXm-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]m°n

Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX tcmam-©-Zm-b-I-amb hoc-I-Y-Iƒ k`m-N-cnX

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v A]-cn-Nn-X-a-√. B `Ko-c-Ys‚ I¿Ω-ta-J-e-Iƒ

_lp-hn[w Bbn-cp-∂p. A®-Sn-im-e-Iƒ, ]X-am-kn-I-Iƒ, Ccp-\q-dn-

tesd ae-bmfw ]≈n-°q-S-ßƒ, sshZnI skan-\m-cn-Iƒ (]-cp-ae,

tIm´bw Fw.Un., shń-°¬, Xg-°-c-˛-am-th-en-°-c), A®-Sn-®- B-cm-

[-\m-I-a-ßƒ, Uk≥ IW-°n\v Bcm-[\meb-ßƒ, sshZnI kwL-

S-\-, hnZym¿∞n kwL-S-\, kt≠-kvIqƒ ]ÿm\w, ae-¶c alm-

P\k`, PmssXIy ]ÿm\ kwcw-`-ßƒ, hnPm-Xob anj≥, cmPym-

¥c anj≥, ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b¬, Bcm-[\m kmlnXyw amXr-`m-

j-bn¬- ˛ -A-ßs\ A\-¥-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn-ep≈ I¿Ω-ta-J-e-I-fn-emWv

At±lw GIm-¥-]-Yn-I-\mbn Ahn-i-a-hn-lmcw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-ØmWv Hcp At¥ymIym ]mXn-b¿°okv BZy-

ambn ae-¶-c-bn¬ Imep IpØp-∂Xv. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sbbpw

ae-¶-c-bnse `cWkwhn-[m-\-ß-sfbpw Iogvh-g-°-ß-sfbpw ewLn®v

`Zm-k\ hn`-P-\hpw saXm≥ hmgvNbpw GI-]-£o-b-ambn \S-Øn-

sb-¶nepw ]tXmkv XrXo-b\p ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ t\cnb hn≈-se-¶nepw

krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-√. ]pXnb saXm-∑m¿ Bdp- t]cpw ]mXn-

b¿°okv BKln®hn[w ae-¶-c-bn¬ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-

kn\v Bflo-b-˛-eu-InI A[n-Imcw D≈-Xmbn cPn-tÃ¿Uv DS-ºSn

\¬In-sb-¶nepw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ saXm≥ (A-t±-l-am-bn-cp-∂t√m ae-

¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm) cPn-kvtSUv DS-º-Sn -°p-th-≠n-bp≈

A`y¿∞\Ifpw B⁄-Ifpw [oc-ambn \nc-kn-°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp

(Cu amXr-Isb A\p-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv ]n≥Km-an-bmb ae-¶c saXm≥

17B\-∏m∏n

h -t»-cn¬ saXm-®\pw sNbvX-Xv). ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ apS°pw im]-

h-N-\-ßfpw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ saXm-®≥ Ah-K-Wn-®p. Nne ]pØ≥

saXm∑m¿ a-e-¶c saXms\ hn´v ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ ]oXn-s∏-Sp-

Øp-hm≥ ian-®p-sh-¶nepw P\-ßfpw sshZn-Icpw saXm-®\pw XΩn-

ep≠mbn-cp∂ A`q-X-]q¿∆-amb sFIy-i-‡n-bpsS apºn¬ Ah-

sbms° \njv]- -am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-en-‰≥ SÃnbpw sshZn-

I-S-Ãnbpw Aflmb SÃnbpw XΩn¬ At -Zy-amb sshIm-cnI_‘w

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

ae-¶c saXms‚ IWvT-tIm-Sm-en-I-fm-Im≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ Bdv

saXm-∑mcpw ANn-tcW ae-¶-c-sa-Xms‚ IWvTm-`-c-W-ambn amdp-I-

bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ae-¶c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw amt\-

PnwKv IΩn‰n d±m-°p-Ibpw A≤y£ÿm\Øv ae-¶c saXm-®s\

_ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v ]mXn-b¿°okv Fgp-Xnb Iev]-

\-Iƒ°v AsX-gp-Xnb IS-em-kns‚ hne-t]mepw ae-¶-c-bn¬ Bcpw

Iev]n-®n-√. ae-¶-c-k-`sb Hcp tImf-\n-bm-°m-\p≈ ]mXn-b¿°m

kz]v\w hn^-e-am-bn. \b-tIm-hn-Z\pw A\p-c-RvP-\-I-e-bpsS am¥n-

I\pw ]m¿∞-\m-a-√\pw Bb ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb -˛ -Zm-ho-

Zns\- ˛ -kv]¿in-°p-hm≥ t]mepw At¥ym-Jy≥ tKmen-bm-Øn\v Ign-

™n-√. At±-l-Øns‚ If-¶-te-i-ta-imØ P\-k-Ω-Xnbpw P\-]n-

¥p-Wbpw A\-\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. tdmb¬t°m-SXn hn[n 1889-˛¬ ]Jym-

]n-°-s∏-´-tXmsS ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ tImf\n `mh-\-Iƒ \nt»jw

s]men-™p-t]m-bn. Bflob tae-[y-£-X -t]mepw aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-

bnepw saXm≥ hmgvN-bnepw ]cn-an-X-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. \ho-I-c-W-°m¿

\ho-\-ambn cq]wsImSpØ hymP- Im-t\m≥ (a-e-¶-c-°m-t\m≥:

CXns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w GXm\pw h¿jw apºv _lp. BØp-¶¬ Koh-

dp-Kokv tImsd-∏n-kvt°m∏m N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Jfi»: ]kn-≤o-

I-cn-®n-cp-∂p), hymP-I-Y-Iƒ Ch-sbms° tdmb¬t°m-S-Xn-hn-[n-tbmsS

A]-k-‡-ß-fmbn. ]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-®s‚ Iymºnepw Nne s]mSn-

ss°-Iƒ D≠m-hm-Xn-cp-∂n-√ (ap-f-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Xocp-

am-\-ßƒ ]mNo\ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fnse Xocp-am-\-ß-sf∂p hcp-Øp-

hm≥ Ah Imt\m-\n¬ …o_m- si-Ωm-is‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬- ˛ -]n-

∂oSv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv- ˛ -Iq-ń-t®¿Øv ]g°w tXm∂n-°m≥

Im∏n kØn¬ Xnf-∏n-®Xv Hm¿°p-I. Cu Imt\m≥ BWv ]nev°m-

eØv 18 A°w Imt\m≥ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-´Xv F∂v ]e ip≤m-flm-

°fpw [cn-®n- p-≈Xv icn-b√. 1912- se ImtXm-en°m hmgvN°p tijw

FÆ-a‰ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcpØn hnIr-X-am-°nb Imt\m≥ BWv 18

18 B\-∏m∏n

A°w Imt\m≥. hnIr-X-am-°m≥ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øv d^v

h¿°p-Iƒ \S-Ønb ]pXp-∏-≈n-bnse Hcp IØ-\m-cpsS ssI∏-S-bn-

ep≈ Imt\m≥ kpdn-bm\n ssIsb-gpØv ]pkvX-Iw, s]≥kn¬

sIm≠v Fgp-Xnb AkwJyw Xncp-Ø-ep-I-tfmsS Cu teJ-I≥

kq£n-°p-∂p-≠v. 18 A°w Imt\m\pw tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[n-bn-e-h-

km-\n® tIkn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏´ Imt\m\pw AXy¥w hyXy-kvX-

ß-fm-sW∂pw 100 iX-am-\hpw hyP-amb ae-¶-c-°m-t\ms\ t\cn-Sp-

hm≥ th≠n apf-¥p-cpØn-°m-t\m-\-mIsf ]mNo-\ -Im-t\m-\m-I-sf∂v

sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-amb ]amZw amXta Im∏n-°m-t\ms‚

krjvSn-bn-ep≈p F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w.)

]pen-t°m- n¬ saXm-®s‚ kuayhpw a[p-tcm-Zm-chpw kvt\l-akr-

Whpw P\m-[n-]Xy ssien-bn-e-[n-jvTn-Xhpw X∑qew kpXm-cy-hp-amb

\b-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw Bcnepw aXn-∏p-f-hm-°n-bn-

cp∂p. ]me-°p-∂Øv henb saXm-®-s‚bpw bqbm°ow Iqdn-temkv

saXm-®-s‚bpw PqWn-b¿ Bb ImeØpw ]n∂oSv ae-¶c saXm≥

]Z-hn-bpsS ssIh-im-h-Im-i-ßƒ e`n-®-t∏mgpw HSp-hn¬ Bdp saXm-

∑m-cpsS ta¬ I¿Ø-hy-ap≈ AP-]m-e\ ipiqj \n¿h-ln-°p-tºmgpw

F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS Xe-°-\hpw D∑m-Zhpw el-cnbpw At±-lsØ

sXm´p-Xo-≠n-bn-cp-∂n-√. kpXm-cy-amb B alm-a-\-ns‚ anSn-∏n-s\mØv

ae-¶-c-k-` -ap-gp-h\pw ]Xn-kv]-µn-®p. AJne ae-¶c k`m-X-e-Øn¬

At±-l-Øns‚ ]utcm-lnXy kph¿Æ-Pq-_nen BtLm-jn-®-t∏mƒ

\¬Inb awKf]X-Øn¬ Cu Imcy-ß-sf√mw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-

≠v. Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn NmØp-cp-Øn-bnse Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\msc

Is≠-Øp-Ibpw At±-l-Øn\v k\ymkw \¬In shń-°¬ Zb-dm-

bn-te°p \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ as‰mcp IpXn-®p-Nm-´-Øn\v

ae-¶-c-sa-Xm≥ k`sb Hcp-°p-Ibmbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚

B BKlw amXw \nd-th-dn-bn-√. henb saXm-®≥ Pohn-®n-cns°

]cp-ae sIm®p-sa-Xm≥ 1902- ¬ Znhw-K-X-\m-bn. ]n∂oSv ]n≥Km-an-bmbn

At±lw Is≠-Øn-bXv AKm[ _p≤n-am\pw BZ¿i-[o-c\pw XymKm-

flm-hp-amb h´-t»-cn¬ aev]m-s\-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øn\pw henb saXm-

®≥ Xs∂ k\ymkw \¬In.

]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv aptJ\ D≠mb

Hcp Npgn-bn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏´ ae-¶ck`sb kam-[m\ Xpd-ap-J-

tØ°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akm-am\y hnPbw I≠ ap≥Km-ansb ]n≥Xp-

S¿∂v h -t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv cwK-sØ-Øn. A]m-

c-amb _p≤-nssh-`-hw, AKm-[-amb thZ-]m-finXyw, Akm-am-\y-amb

19B\-∏m∏n

Imt\m≥ sshZ-Kv≤yw, A\ym-Zr-i-amb XXz-Zo£ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n

hnti-j-W-ßƒ At±-lsØ kw_-‘n®v AXn-i-tbm-‡n-te-i-sat\y

hnti-jn-∏n-°m-\m-hpw. \b-⁄\pw \oXn-am\pw Bb Hcp ap≥Km-an-

bpsS ]p©n-cn-bpsS kuayhpw ]k-∂-hp-amb apJw GXm\pw

Zim_vZw I≠p ]cn-N-bn® ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v Aev]w ]cp-°\pw Kuc-

h-]-Ir-Xn-bp-amb Hcp taev]-´-°m-cs‚ "\mfn-tI-c-]mIw' s]s´∂v

Bkz-Zn-°m-\m-hmsX t]mb-Xn¬ Bscbpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\n-√.

Aflmb SÃn°pw sshZnI SÃn°pw k`m-`-c-W-Øn¬ Xpey-]-¶m-

fnØw A\p-h-Zn® Hcp ap≥Km-ansb I≠v ioen® k`m-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v

k`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ taev]-´-°m¿°v Ft∏mgpw ap≥ssI thW-sa∂v

hmZn®pt]m∂ sIm®psaXm-®s‚ \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv hntbm-Pn-t°≠n

h∂-Xnepw Akz-`m-hn-IXsbm∂p-an-√ (a-e-¶c saXms‚ ZrV-amb

Cu \ne-]mSp aqew 1934- ¬ At±lw \ncym-X-\m-Ip∂Xph-scbpw k`m-

`-c-W-L-S\ \n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-™n-s√∂v ]mtd´v

amXyqkv IØ-\m-cpsS ]n-ev-°m-eØv amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv

˛ U-b-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb CUv.

Fw. ]mtd v \nco-£n-®n- p-≈Xv ChnsS kvacn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv). sshZnI

SÃn tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m≥ IØ-\m¿, Aflmb SÃn kn. sP.

Ipcy-≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Akw-Xr-]vXnbpw 1909-˛¬ ae-¶-c-bn-se-Ønb

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚ Zhym-K-lhpw A[n-Imctamlhpw

ae-bm-fn-bpsS A]-I¿j-Xm-t_m-[hpw Hs° IqSn-tN¿∂-t∏mƒ ae-

¶-c-k-`-bn¬ Hcp Ipcp-t£Xw cq]wsIm≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p `mK-

ß-fmbn A£u-ln-Wn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´p. CS-h-I-I-fpsS [pho-I-c-W-hp-

ap-≠m-bn. ae-¶c k`-bpsS A`n-am-\-kvXw-`-ß-fm-bn-cp∂ ae-¶-c-sa-

Xm-s\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ Bÿm-\-amb tIm´bw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-

tbbpw D∂w h®mWv F√m bp≤-ap-d-Ifpw Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv.

injy-k-º-Øn¬ hº-\mb tIm\m´p aev]m\pw `qkz-Øn¬ apº-

\mb A°c Ipcn-b\pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃnsb aq°p-I-b-dn´v

\nb-¥n-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ Icp-hm-°m-sat∂ Icp-Xn-bncn-

°p-hm-\n-S-bp-≈p. ]t£ ItaW F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ssII-fn¬ \n∂p

Imcy-ßƒ hgp-Xn-t∏m-bn. k`m ]Xn-k‘n _o`’cq]w ssIs°m-

≈p-∂Xv \n-lm-b-cmbn t\m°n\nev°p-hmt\ F√m-h¿°pw Ign-™p-

≈p. AXns‚ ]cn-k-am-]vXnbpw ss¢amIvkpw \mw ImWp-∂Xv B\-

∏m∏n h[-Øn-em-Wv. B "IpcpXn'tbmsS ]ncn-ap-dp°w H∂-b-™p.

]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn\v Hcp c‡-km£n ]cn-thjw ssIh-∂n-´p-≠v.

c‡-km-£n-Isf BZ-cn-°p∂ ae-¶ck` kz¥w aÆn¬ tNmc -No-

¥nb hoc-km£n-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-sX¥p sIm≠m-sW∂v Adn-

20 B\-∏m∏n

™p -Iq-Sm. ]. HutK≥ _m-hm-bpsS ta¬ \S∂ ]ndhw a¿±\w

ASpØ ImetØ ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bp-≈p. Nm´p-Ip-f-ß-sc-bp≈ (]-

g-b- ]m-eq¿) hr£-inJ-c-ß-fn¬ 1879-˛¬ hnizmk kwc-£-WsØ

]Xn Xq°ns°m√-s∏´ c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS ZmcpW NcnXw

^m≥knkv _p°m-\s‚ k©m-c-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂v (_p-°m\s‚ tIc-

fw) ae-¶ck`m Ncn-X-Øn-te°p C\nbpw kwI-an-®n-ń-√. \ΩpsS

k`m-N-cn-X-K-th-jW cwKsØ A\m-Ym-hÿ AX òI-c-am-Wv.

Aß-s\-bn-cn-t°, D¬IrjvS ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS A\n-

hm-cy-amb h[w Fs´m-ºXv Zim-_vZ-ßƒ°p -ti-j-sa-¶nepw kq£va-

amb At\z-j-W-ßƒ°pw Kth-j-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-b-Xn¬ \mw

kt¥m-jn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Fs¥¥v ]mT-ß-fmWv B h[w Ncn-

X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ tImdn-bn- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv!! Zmcp-W-amb B sIme-]m-XIw

]n¬°m-e- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn\v Hcp ]mThpw \¬In-bn-s√-∂-XmWv kXyw.

A¶-am-en-bnse Imdp- I-Øn-°epw Hm\≥Ip™p -h-[hpw aqhm-‰p-]p-

g-bnse Ac-a-\-°-tø‰ iahpw Bephm ^≠vjn∏v lukv Itø-

‰hpw AXmWv sXfn-bn-®-Xv F∂ Cu KŸ-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

KŸ-Im-c-∑m-cpsS a¿Ω-⁄-Xsb DZm-l-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hcp \q‰m-≠p

apgp-h≥ hyh-lm-c-®-ß-e-bn¬ ae-¶-c-k- sb Xf-®n´ Zp¿`qXw ]pXnb

\q‰m-≠nepw \sΩ th´-bm-Sp-I-bt√? AI¿Ω-Wy-X-tbbpw `mh-\m-

iq-\y-X-tbbpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ hyh-lm-csØ \mw A`bw ]m]n-

°p-I-bmtWm?

CØcw Nn¥-Iƒ kar-≤-ambn Db¿Øp∂ Hcp cN-\-bmWv ChnsS

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ""B\-∏m∏n.''. k`bv°p th≠n hnb¿∏pw

c‡hpw Hgp°nb XymK-[-\-cpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Db¿∂v h∂n-

´p≈ knwlm-k-\-ßƒ B XymK-I-Y-Isf hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne-

t∏mƒ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ "IrX-Lv\-tX, \ns‚ t]¿

ae-¶-c-k-`-sb-∂mtWm?' F∂v Bsc-¶nepw tNmZn-®m¬ A¤p-X-s∏-

Sm-\n-√. "B\-∏m∏n' B tNmZyw kar-≤-ambn D∂-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-

^-e-sam∂pw Bin-°m-sX, Znhy-amb Akzm-ÿy-ßfpw t]dn, k`m-

tk-h-\-Øn-s\Øn AIØp \n∂pw ]pdØp \n∂pw Zpc-\p-`-h-ßƒ

\nc-¥cw G‰p-hmßn PohnX \mS-I-th-Zn-bn¬ \n∂pw \ne-bv°mØ

s\Sp-ho¿∏p-I-tfmSpw hnjm-Z-\n¿`-c-amb Akw-Xr-]vXn-I-tfmSpw IqSn

\n»-_vZ-am-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ At\-Isc "B\-∏m∏n' [z\n-a-cym-

Z-bn¬ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. X∑qew "B\-∏m∏n' Hcp `qX-Ime

Ncn-X-sa-∂-Xn-ep-]cn h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚ CXn-lm-k-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.

H∏w mhn-bn-te-°p≈ i‡-amb Nq≠p]e-I-bp-am-hp-∂p-≠v. AXmWv

21B\-∏m∏n

"B\-∏m∏n' bpsS ]p\-c-h-X-c-W-Øns‚ kuµcyhpw ]k-‡n-bp-

sa∂v Cu teJ-I≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. Imhy-mfl-I-ambpw Hs´ms° [z\n-a-

[p-c-ambpw Cu ]h-mN-I-IrXyw \n¿h-ln® AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp

]pe-nt°m-ńepw sI. hn. amΩ\pw Nn¥m-io-e-cmb hmb-\-°m-cpsS

A`n-\-µ-\-Øn\v A¿l-cm-Ip-∂p.

Kuc-h-hnlo-\-amb hnkvar-Xn-bn¬ ]Xn® Hcp ]pcm-hr-ØsØ

kPo-h-ambn ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ KŸ-I¿Øm-°ƒ ]pe¿Ønb

PmK-Xbpw At\z-j-W-]-c-Xbpw \nco-£-Whpw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv

Bg-°-S-en¬ XmWpt]mb Hcp \uIsb Pe-∏-c-∏n-te-°p-b¿Øn-

s°m≠p hcp-hm≥ apßn-°-∏¬ hnZ-Kv≤¿ sNøp∂ Aim¥ ]cn-i-

a-sØ-bmWv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Znhy-amb Hcp ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂

\ntbm-K-`mhw Cu sNdp-K-ŸsØ DS-\ofw ]Zo-]vX-am-°p-∂p-≠v.

"B\-∏m∏n'bpsS -B-apJw Ign™p ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ BZy- `mKw

]m∏n F∂ h¿°n Bims‚ Poh-N-cnX hni-I-e-\-Øn\pw ae-¶-c-

k`m- N-cn-Xm-]-K-Y-\-Øn-\p-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hy‡n-

tb-b√, Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚ ka-K-X-sb-bmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-

∂-Xv. ""Hcp \q‰m-≠n\p apºv k`-bpsS t\Xr-ÿm-\Øv th≠X

A¿l-X-bn-√msX IS∂p Ib-dn-b-h-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-Iƒ aqew k`-

bv°p-≠mb tIm´-ßƒ a\-n-em-°p-hm≥' (B-ap-Jw) KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿

sNbvX kZp-Zyaw X∑qew «mL-\obw Xs∂. 35-˛mw hb-n¬ h[n-

°-s∏´ ]m∏n- B-im≥ ˛ h¿°n h¿§o-kv- ˛ -]-ecpw sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn, A[ym-]-I- ]m-c-º-cy-ap≈ Hcp IpSpw-

_-Øn¬ \n∂pw saSn-°p-te-j≥ ]co£ Ign™v A[ym-]-I-hr-Øn-

bn¬ ]th-in® Hc-`ykvXhnZy≥ BsW∂v BZy A[ymbw \sΩ

t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AsXmcp "shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø¬' Xs∂-bmWv. "at\m-

ca'bpsS ka-Ime ]X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Imc-bv°¬ ]≈n-bpsS

iXm_vZn kph-\o-dn¬ \n∂pw (1967) B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-

tbm-kns‚ "Kncn-Zo]'-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]mtd-ńs‚ k`m-N-cnX ]mcm-hm-

c-Øn¬ \n∂pw aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-cpsS kvac-W-I-fn¬

\n∂pw sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

]pen-t°m-ń¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ZzoXo-b≥ Bcw-`n® CS-h-I-]-

Xn-I-bpsS ka-Ime dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰pw tiJ-cn® \nc-h[n

shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Cu KŸ-Øns‚ ]T-\o-b-Xbpw Ncn-X-aq-eyhpw

h¿≤n-∏n-®n- p-≠v. Hcp NcnXw hniz-k-\o-bhpw B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw BIp-

∂Xv AXns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ D]-Zm\ tcJ-I-fpsS

]mam-Wn-IX sIm≠pw ka-Im-eo-\X sIm≠pw BsW-¶n¬ A°m-

22 B\-∏m∏n

cy-Øn¬ "B\-∏m-∏n'-bpsS Fgp-Øp-Im¿°v hf-sc-tbsd A`n-am-\n-

°p-hm≥ hI-bp-≠v. 90 hb-mbn C∂pw (2000-˛¬) Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂

dmtl-e-Ω-bp-am-bp≈ (]m-∏n-bpsS aIƒ Ipń-b-Ω-bpsS as‰mcp t]cm-

W-Xv) IqSn-°m-gvN-bn¬ \n∂p e`n® hnh-chpw Iqń-t®¿ØmWv PohN-

cn-X-°p-dn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]nXmhv acn-°p-tºmƒ aq∂p

amkw amXw ]mb-ap≈ dmtl-e-Ω-bpsS hnlz-e-X-Ifpw tI´-dn-hp-

Ifpw _mey-Im-esØ A\m-YXzw \nd™ Zpcn-Xm-\p-`-h-ßfpw ]m∏n-

bpsS IpSpw-_-tØmSv kaqlw ImWn® IrX-Lv\-X-tbbpw DZm-ko-

\hpw \ncpØ-c-hm-Z-]-c-hp-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-sØbpw hc®p Im´p-hm≥

B IqSn-°mgvN KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿°v IcpØv ]I¿∂n-´p-≠v. aq∂p apX¬

F´p- h-sc-bp≈ A[ym-b-ßƒ 1809 apX-ep≈ k`m-N-cnX hni-I-e-\-

am-Wv. h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-®s‚ ap≥Km-an-bn¬ \n∂v Bcw-`n-°p-∂ B

hni-Ie\w ImWp-I ""..... -D-S-ºSn (a-e-¶-c-bnse Bflob euInIm-

[n-Imcw At¥ym-Iy-m ]m-Xn-b¿°o-kn-\m-sW∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb cPn-

kvtSUv DS-º-Sn -˛ -te-J-I≥) Fgp-Xn-Ø-c-W-sa∂v ]tXmkv ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv \n¿_-‘-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-

´p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥y-Øn\v lm\n-

I-c-am-Ip∂ AØcw Hcp DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn√.

... -]p-en-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn Ipsd DS-s°√mw D≠m-°n-b-ti-

j-amWv ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. ... -]-ckv]cw

kwkm-cn-°pI t]mepw sNømØ \ne-bn¬ Imcy-ßƒ sNs∂-Øn-

bncp-∂p. B hI-bn¬ Hcp sNdnb apS°pw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-

\n°v ]mXn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂v Inń. ]t£ P\-ß-fp-tSbpw kl- sa-

Xm-∑m-cp-tSbpw ]oXnbpw hm’-eyhpw ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb _lp-am-\hpw

th≠X ]nSn®p]‰nb ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]tXmkv ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ "apS°v' F∂ Hme-∏m-ºn\v H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-™n√''

(A[ymbw 4). ap≥Km-an-bn¬ \n∂v ]n≥Km-an-bn-te-°p-≈- Zqcw Af∂p

Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ KŸ-Im-c∑m¿ ChnsS ]I-S-am-°nb AXy-¥-

kq-£v-a-amb a¿Ω-⁄X ae-¶-c-k-`m-N-cn-X-Ønse ]e ]tl-fn-I-

Iƒ°pw ka-ky-Iƒ°pw DØcw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p∂

"Xmt°m¬' Bbn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. CØcw Xmt°m-epIƒ Is≠-

ØpI-bm-Wt√m DØa Kth-j-W-Øns‚ [¿Ωw.

-P-\-ln-Xßƒ°v ap≥Xq°w Iev]n-°p∂ am¿ Iqdn-temkpw F∏n-

kvt°m-∏¬ `c-W-ssi-en°p ap≥Xq°w Iev]n-°p∂ am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkpw XΩn¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ ioX-k-a-c-Øn¬ sshZn-IS-Ãnbpw

AflmbSÃnbpw am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn-s‚ -]-£-Øm-bn-cp-∂psh-∂Xv Hcp

cl-ky-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶-c-k-`-bn¬ -eu-In-Im-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-

23B\-∏m∏n

Xn\v Ah-kcw ]m¿Øv ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØp∂ Zhym-K-lnbpw ZpjvS-

_p-≤nbpw Ie-l-]n-b-\p-amb A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-

bnse aq∂p SÃn-am¿ XΩn-ep≈ A`n-]mbhyXymkw NqjWw

sNbvXv GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`m-KsØ ]n¥p-W-®m¬ ae-¶-c-k-`-bn-ep-

≠m-hp∂ hyh-lm-cm-·n-_m-[sb ap≥Iq-ń-°≠p sIm≠v hr≤\pw

tcmKn-bp-amb ap≥Kman c≠p saXm-∑m-tcbpw Hcp-an®p Iqń sFIy-

]-Xn⁄ sNøn-°p∂ kw`hw hnIm-tcm-tZz-K-P-\-I-amb `mj-bn¬

KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p: ""... -am¿ A_vZp≈m h∂m¬ D≠m-

Im-\n-S-bp≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ahsc [cn-∏n-®p. F¥p h∂mepw Ccp-

hcpw Htc \ne-bn¬ H∂n®p Xs∂ \nev°-W-sa∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Imcyw a\-n-em-°nb sIm®p saXm-®-∑m¿ hey -sa-Xm-

®s‚ D]-tZiw inc-km-h-ln-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Dd∏p sImSpØp. AXv

Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]c-kv]cw Ben-wK\w sNøn-®p. Xs‚ k`-bp-

sSbpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw `mhn Ah-cpsS ssII-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-

am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p≈ ]Xo-£-tbmSp IqSn am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm 1084 anYp\w 28-˛\v (1909) Imew sNbvXp''

(A-[ymbw 4).

A©mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ io¿jIw ""skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASn'' F∂-

Xm-Wv. henb saXm-®-t\mSv sNbvX ]Xn-⁄bpw D`-b-k-Ω-Xhpw

km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-hm≥ sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿°v Ign-bmØhn[w Imcy-

ßƒ Ah-cpsS ]nSn-hn-´p- t]m-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ icn sX‰p-I-

sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®bv°v ]k-‡n-bn-√. sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿ XΩn-

ep≈ AI¬® tIc-f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ as‰mcp "\q‰m≠p bp≤'Øn\v

hgn-a-cn-∂n-´p. Iq´p SÃn-I-fmb tIm\m´p aev]m\pw, kn.- sP. Ipcn-

b\pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Hcp `mKØp ]Xn-]-£-

ambn \ne-bp-d-∏n-®-t∏mƒ h -t»-cn¬ saXm-®≥, sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-

f, Fw. F. Nmt°m, C. sP. tPm¨ h°o¬ F∂o alm-c-Y-∑m-cpsS

]n¥p-W-tbmsS `c-W-]-£-ambn \ne-bp-d-∏n-®p. Cu Ipcp-t£-X-bp-

≤-Øn¬ "[¿Ωkwÿm]-\m¿∞-mb' F∂v Ccp-`m-Khpw Ah-Im-i-

s∏- p. lnwk-bpsS tIfo-cw-K-amb bp≤- q-an-bn¬ [¿Ω-Øn-s\¥v ]k-

‡n-sb∂v tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ t]mepw Nn¥n-®n-√.

òjva-˛-tZm-W-˛-I¿Æm-Zn-Iƒ acn-t°≠n h∂Xv A[¿Ω ]c-º-c-

I-fn-eq-sS-bm-sW-∂Xv hymks‚ ZpxJw. ae-¶c saXms‚ AwK-c-£-

I-cn¬ ][m-\n-bmb ]m∏nsb h[n-°msX saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gb-

sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hn-Smt\m A]-am-\n-°mt\m Ign-bp-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√. Imb-_-ew, bP-am-\- -‡n, Ic-fp-d∏v F∂n-h-bn¬ ]m∏n hfsc

24 B\-∏m∏n

apºn-em-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]m∏n h[w A\n-hm-cy-sa∂v ]Xn-]£w Xo¿®-

bm-°n. BtLm-j-ambn AXv Ac-tß-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]m∏n h[-

tØmsS tImem-l-eßƒ Hs´m∂v X¬°m-e-tØ-s°-¶nepw AS-ßn-

b-Xmbn "Kncn-Zo]w' Imcy-ßsf Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-∂p-≠v. ]m∏n

h[-t°kpw A\-¥-c-Im-cy-ßfpw ipjvIm¥ntbmsS \S-Øp-∂-Xn¬

-b-P-am-\-]£w th≠X hnP-bn-®pthm? kwi-b-am-Wv (As√-¶nepw

tIkp-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-√msX AXn¬ PmKXbpw

ipjvIm-¥nbpw sNepØn hnPbw hcn-°-W-sa∂ ZrV-\n-›bw Npa-

X-e-°m¿°v ]e-t∏mgpw ImWm-dn-√-t√m. "Imńse XSn tXh-cpsS

B\...' F∂ ]g-s©m-√n\v kvXpXn).

"tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw' (dn-t∏m¿´v 1912 G]n¬ 3

_p[≥, at\m-c-a) F∂pw tIm´bw sIme-t°kv (ap-J-]-kw-Kw, at\m-

c-a) F∂pap≈ io¿jI-ß-fn-embn ]m∏n h[w kw_-‘n® ka-Ime

hm¿Ø-Iƒ 8, 9 A[y-mb-ß-fn-embn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈h kzbw

hni-Zo-I-c-W-£-a-am-Wv.

"]m∏n-'bpsS c≠mw `mKw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv ""]m∏n h[hpw tIkp-

hn-kvXm-chpw hn[nbpw in£bpw'' F∂ io¿j-I-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.

CXn¬ 7 A[ym-b-ßƒ D≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS h[w, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS km£n-sam-gn, Fw. F. A®s‚ samgn, am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚

samgn, B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgn, PUvPvsa‚ v, B\-∏m∏n

Bim≥ kvamcIw F∂n-h-bmWv A[ymb io¿j-I-ßƒ. hnh-cWw

kXy-k‘hpw B[n-Im-cn-Ihpw kºq¿Æ-hp-am-I-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-

ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Htc kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n ZrIvkm-£n- hn-h-cWw, ]X-

hm¿Ø-Iƒ, km£nsamgn-Iƒ, PUvPvsa‚ v, hnhn[ k`m-N-cn-X-K-

Ÿ-ß-fnse Ah-tem-I-\-ßƒ F∂nh D≤-cn®pw kwt£-]n®pw

tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]e hni-Zmw-i-ß-fnepw \nco-£-W-ß-fnepw

h∂n-´p≈ Bh¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hm-Øh Xs∂.

"B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw' F∂ A[ymbw tP°_v tXmakv

\Sp-hn-te-°c 1979 am¿®v 29-˛\v N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn®

teJ-\-am-Wv. ]m∏n Bims‚ t]cn¬ D≠m-°m-hp∂ Nne kvamc-I-

ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ \n¿t±-i-ß-fmWv AXn-ep-≈-Xv. cmPm-°-∑m¿ t\XrXzw

\¬-Ip∂ bp≤- q-an-I-fn¬ acn®p hogp∂ ]S-Ø-e-h-∑msc Btcm¿°m-

\mWv? Ncn-X-Ønse \mb-I-∑m¿ cmPm-°-∑m¿ amX-amWv; hnP-bhpw

]cm-P-bhpw Ah-cp-tSXp amXw. Cu ^yqU¬ A‘X sImSn-IpØn

hmgp∂ ae-¶-c-k- -bn¬ ]m∏n-am¿, Hm\≥Ip-™p-am¿ Ch-scms° apJ-

Omb \jvS-s∏´ shdpw t]mcm-fn-Iƒ!!

25B\-∏m∏n

Bh-iy-am-bn- p-≈Xv bp≤w Hgn-hm-°-em-Wv. bp≤-ap-≠m-bm¬ c≠p

`mKØpw ihw hogpw F∂Xv Xo¿®-bm-Wv. acn-®p-ho-gp-∂-h-cn¬ A]-

cm-[n-I-fpw, \nc-]-cm-[n-Ifpw D≠m-hpw. AsXm-c-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. bp≤w

sNbvXpw Bfp-Isf Ipcp-Xn- sIm-SpØpw \jvS-]-Xm-]-ßsf hos≠-

Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Ime-l-c-W-s∏´ ]`p-hw-im-[n-]Xy X¥-ßƒ°v ]Icw

Imtem-Nn-X-ambn Ime-Øns‚ AXo-h -kv]-jvS-amb Nph-sc-gp-Øp-Iƒ

hmbn®v Inbm-fl-Ihpw `mh-\m-]q¿Æ-hp-amb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-

cn-°p-hm-\p≈ hnthIw apIƒ sXm´v ASn- hsc F√m Xe-ß-fnepw

D≠m-Ip-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. i‡n-bn-te°p kS- Ip-S-s™-gp-t∂-ev°p-

hm-\p≈ Du¿÷ kw -c-W-Øn\v ]›m-Ø-e-am-Ip-hm≥ "B\-]m∏n'°p

Ignbpw F∂-XmWv Cu KŸ-Øns‚ ImenI aqeyw. Cu Du¿÷-

tkm-X-ns\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ae-¶-c-k- bv°p Ignbpw F∂

ZrV-hn-izm-k-am-sW-\n-°p-≈-Xv.

Ncn-Xm-t\z-jn-I-fp-sSbpw k`m-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tSbpw k`-bpsS mhn-

hn-[m-Xm-°-fp-tSbpw apºmsI Cu k`m-N-cn-X-Pzm-esb khn-\bw

]Im-in-∏n®psIm≈p-∂p.

sX°pw-I-c, Xriq¿

8˛12-˛2000

(1) ae-bmfw ss__nƒ NcnX ]›m-Ø-ew, dh. Sn. hn. tXma-kv,

ss__nƒ kvs]jy¬ ]Xn∏v, N¿®v ho°nen, sabv 29, 1983.

(2) ss__nƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS, ]n. Sn. Ipcp-hn-f, tIm´-bw.

(3) 1815 BKÃv 7˛\v tIW¬ a¨tdm Fgp-Xnb IØv: k`m-

NcnXw, ]n. sNdn-bm≥ (A-\p-_-‘w).

D≈-S°wBiwk ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m 5

BapJw 7

ae-¶c k`m-N-cn-X-Ønse tNmc-]p-c≠ A[ymbw

^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥ 15

H∂mw

`mKw h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ ]m∏n

I IpSpw-_hpw _‘p-°fpw 28

II aW-en¬ A®s‚ IØv 34

III òcp-Xzhpw NXnbpw 37

IV A∂sØ k`m¥-co£w 44

V skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASn 56

VI h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\sc 66

VII ]m∏n-bpsS cwK-]-thiw 71

VIII tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw 74

IX aebmf at\m-c-a-bpsS apJ-]-kwKw 76

X B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy Znhm-\-b® l¿Pn 80

c≠mw `mKw

]m∏n-h-[hpw tIkp-hn-kvXm-chpw: hn[nbpw in£bpw

I ]m-∏n-bpsS h[w 84

II h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS km£n-samgn 89

III Fw. F. A®s‚ samgn 99

IV am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ samgn 106

V B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgn 111

VI PUvPvsa‚ v 117

VII B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw 143

VIII kvamcIw tIm´-bØp thWw F. sI. tPmk-^v- 146

aq∂mw `mKw

_m°n-]Xw

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh 149

h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv 152

tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬]m≥ 156

…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv 165

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ 166

Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw 179

H∂mw mKw

h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ ]m∏n

28 B\-∏m∏n

I

IpSpw-_hpw _‘p-°fpw"B\-∏m∏n' F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Bim≥ h¿°n

hdp-Ko-kv, Xncp-h-√-bv°-SpØv s]cn-ß-c-°-c-bn¬ Imc-bv°¬ sk‚ v

tPm¿Pv ]≈n-°-Sp-Øp≈ ]Wn-°cp hoń¬ h¿°n Bim-s‚bpw Imc-

bv°¬ N°pwhoń¬ adn-bm-Ω-bp-sSbpw GI ]pX-\m-sWt∂m, Hc-

[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂p Ft∂m t]cv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-hn[w BPm-\p-_m-lp-

hm-bn-cp∂p Ft∂m h[- o-jWn t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ae-¶ck`m mkp-

c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bpsS tZl-c-£bv°p th≠n Xncp-h-√-bnse kap-Zmb]am-Wn-Iƒ,

\ntbm-Kn® A`y-kvX-hn-Zy\pw k`m-kvt\-ln-bp-amb a√-\m-sWt∂m

C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°v \n›-b-an-s√-¶n¬ AXn\v Ahsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-

tØ≠ Imcy-an-√. ]m∏n-bpsS P\-\-Øo-bXn e`n-°m≥ ]e¿ ]e

XhW ]gb IS-em-p-Iƒ X∏n-t\m-°n-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ Bcpw-

Xs∂ B b⁄-Øn¬ hnP-bn-®n-√. F∂m¬ ]m∏n 35-˛mw hb-n¬

sIm√-h¿jw 1087 ao\w 10 (1912 am¿®v) sIm√-s∏´p F∂pw ]nt‰-

Znhkw Hcp Xn¶-fmgvN F∂p-ap≈ Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°pw Xs∂ X¿°-

an-√. AtX-k-abw ]m∏n-bpsS I√-d, skan-tØ-cn-bpsS GXp `mK-

Øm-sW∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m\pw Ign-™n-ń-√ (I-√d sI´msX aÆn¬

adhp sNbvXncn°m-\mWv km[y-X).

saSn-°p-te-j≥ hsc (C-∂sØ Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn.) ]Tn® ]m∏n

]nXm-hn-s\-t∏m-sebpw ]nXm-a-l-s\-t∏m-sebpw Hc≤ym]-I-\m-bn- mWv

PohnX tKmZm-bn¬ IS-∂-Xv. I√q∏m-d-bv°-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp Kh. F¬.]n.

kvIqfn-em-W-t±lw A≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. kmam\yw t`Z-s∏´ \ne-

bn¬ kº-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]m∏n Bims‚ kmº-ØnI\ne-

sa-®-am-bn-cp-∂p. X∂n-anØw A∂sØ ]Xm-]-Øns‚ Hcp ]I-S\w

IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p Sn.73 ap≠m-bn-cp∂p At±lw [cn-®p-h-∂-Xv (apºv kº-

∂-cmb ]ecpw J´m-hns‚ sh◊-tb-dnb U_nƒ thjvSn [cn-®p-h-∂-

Xp-t]mse). ]m∏n°p Cc-´-®-¶m-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v ]ecpw ]d-™n-

cp-∂p. t]mÃvtam¿´-Øn¬ C°mcyw kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn \n¿Æ-bn-®p-

h-tX.

]m∏n-bpsS ktlm-Zcn A∂-Ωsb sNß∂q-cnse ]i-kvX-amb

C©-bv°-temSn IpSpw-_-Ønse sIm®p-Ip-™mWv hnhmlw

sNbvXXv. s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv IpSpw-_-Ønse A∂-Ω-sb-bmWv

29B\-∏m∏n

]m∏n hnhmlw sNbvX-Xv. `mcy-ho-´p-Im¿ B‰p-]pdw ÿew hn¬°m-

s\m-cp-ßn-b-t∏mƒ B ÿew a‰m¿°pw sImSp-°msX ]m∏n Bim≥

Imc-bv°se ÿew hn‰v B ÿew hmßn AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-I-

bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Aß-s\-bmWv s]cn-ß-c-bn¬ \n∂v B‰p-]p-d-Øp-

h-cp-∂Xpw B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n Bim-\m-Ip-∂-Xpw.

]m∏n°v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ FIvsskkv hIp-∏n¬

td©¿ DtZymKw \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ DØ-chp Inń-b-ti-j-amWv

k¿ho-kn¬ tNcmsX tIm´-b-tØ°p t]mb-sX∂pw Adn-bm≥ Ign-

™n-´p≠v. h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-

eo-Ømsb FXn¿ I£n-Iƒ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ tZmln-°p∂p F∂

hm¿Ø e`n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Xncp-h-√, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c apX-

emb sX°≥ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]ecpw ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ IpXn-

s®-Øp-Ibpw taen¬ iey-ap-≠m-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Nnesc AhnsS

Imh¬°m-cmbn \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncp-h-√-bn¬ \n∂v

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p B\-∏m-∏n. At±-lsØ Ab-

®Xp Xm\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf (sIm®p amΩ≥

h°o¬) hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ samgn sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ CXp

kw_‘n® Imcy-Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv tIc-f -Zo-\-_‘p F∂v

hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sI. kn. Cu∏-\m-W-tX. ]m∏nsb tIm´-b-

tØ°v ]d-™p-hn-Sp-tºmƒ ]m∏n-bpsS Igp-Øn¬ Hcp Ikhp IhWn

sIm≠v s]m∂mS Np‰n A\p-tam-Zn-®Xpw sI. kn. amΩ≥am-∏n-f-bpsS

ktlm-Z-c-\mb sI. kn. Cu∏-\m-Wv.

apI-fn¬ ]d-™-h-sc√mw Xs∂ C°m-cy-Øn¬ kl-I-cn®p F∂p-

thWw Icp-Xm≥. ImcWw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bm-

bn-cp∂ Znhyio aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ 5˛3-˛92-˛¬ AUz.

]n. kn. amXyp-hn\v Ab®psImSpØ Hcp IØn¬ ""skan-\m-cn-bn¬

FXn¿ I£n-Iƒ hg-°p-≠m-°nbpw Nne tIUn-I-fmb apl-Ω-Zo-b¿

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb NoØ ]d™pw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-

t∏mƒ Xncp-h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ B\-∏m-∏nsb tZl-c-£bv°v sIm≠p-

h-∂-XmWv'' F∂v ]d-™n- p-≠v. apI-fn¬ ]d-™-h-sc√mw Xs∂ ""Xncp-

h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ'' F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬

B¿°pw ktµ-l-hp-an-√-t√m.

]m∏n Bim-s\-∏-‰n Imc-bv°¬ sk‚ v tPm¿Pv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv

]≈n-bpsS 1967- se iXm_vZn kph-\odn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ Cs√-

¶nepw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v:

30 B\-∏m∏n

""GsXmcp Ncn-X-hn-Zym¿∞nbpw i≤n-°p∂ Nne khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ Cu ÿe-Øn-\p-≠v. Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®q-™n-s‚bpw Bim≥

]m∏n-bp-sSbpw ]h¿Ø-\-cw-K-am-bn-cp∂ Cu ]tZ-iØv Hcp IØn-

°ptØm sIme-]m-X-I-tam, ]Sp-a-c-Wtam D≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xmbn tI´p

tIƒhn -t]mep-an-√.''

"".... -B-ZysØ -h-ń-∏-W-t°kv Cu Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. kap-Zmbw

c≠p `mK-ambn ]nf¿∂p. DK-amb t]m¿ \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]gb

skan-\m-cn-tbbpw Xncp-ta-\n-am-cp-sS Poh-s\-Ø-s∂bpw kwc-£n-t°-

≠Xv kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Bb-Xn-te°v Hmtcm

CS-h-I-bp-sSbpw klmbw A`y¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Imc-bv°¬ CS-h-I-

bn¬ \n∂v Bim≥ ]m∏n F∂p hnfn®ph∂n-cp∂ B‰p-]p-dØp h¿°n

h¿°n, Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®p-Ip-™v, Rm‰p-ho-ń¬ aØmbn F∂o

aq∂p- t]sc AXn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A]-Imcw

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v Xs∂ G¬∏n® IrXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn-\n-

S-bn-emWv Bim≥ ]m∏n sIm√-s∏-´-Xv. k`m-ta-e-≤y-£-∑m-cpsS

Pohs\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ hoc-N-caw ]m]n® Cu CS-h-I-

°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ Bim≥ ]m∏n-tbbpw a‰p-≈-h-scbpw CS-h-I-°m¿

IrX-⁄-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn kvacn-t°-≠-XmWv.''

]m∏n-bpsS sIme-]m-XIw \S-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-h-¶m-hn¬ sIm®p-

Ip™v H∏w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ (CXp kw_-‘n-®p≈ Inwh-Z-¥n-Iƒ

hnSp∂p). kao-]-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ ÿnXn hn-`n-∂-am-Ip-am-bn-

cp∂p. s]cn-ßc kztZ-in-bm-bn-cp∂ At±lw ]n∂oSv a√-∏-≈n-°-Sp-

Øp≈ Ip∂-¥m-\Øp t]mbn Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw 40 -h¿jw apºv acn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂m-W-dn-bp-∂-Xv. Rm‰p-ho-ń¬ aØmbn kw`-h-

k-a-bØp ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-h-tX. ap∏-Øn-A©mw

hb-n¬ sIm√-s∏´ B\-∏m-∏n°v Hcp ]pX\pw aq∂v ]pXn-am-cp-am-

Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]pX≥ DÆn Hcp \√ ]¥p-I-fn-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ Ifn-°p-tºmƒ ]¥p- i-‡n-bmbn ico-c-Øn¬ h∂p hoWp

imco-cn-I-amb Ft¥m XI-cmdv kw`-hn®p. X∂n-anØw DÆn hnhmlw

Ign-®n-√.

s]ä-°-fn¬ X¶-Ωsb tIm -bØv tIm -hm-Xp-°epw A∂-Ωsb

am∂m¿ a-‰Øpw (`¿Ømhv Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥ Ip™p-km¿) dmtl-e-

Ωsb (Ip-ń-b-Ω-) Ihn-bq-cp-amWv hnhmlw sNbvX-b®Xv. ]m∏n acn-

°p-tºmƒ DÆn°v HºXpw X¶-Ωbv°v Ggpw A∂-Ωbv°v A©p-

hbpw dmtl-e-Ωbv°v aq∂p am-khpw ]mb-am-bn-cp-∂p.

31B\-∏m∏n

2000-˛¬ \√ Btcm-Ky-ap-≈ -dm-tl-eΩ (90) amXta Poh-n®n-cp-

∂p≈p. `¿Ømhv Ihnbq¿ hmcy-ho-ń¬ hn. kn. sNdn-bm≥ ASp-Ø-

ImeØv \ncym-X-\m-bn. a°-fmb hn. kn. sNdn-bm-\pw, hn. kn. h¿-

°nbpw Ihn-bq-cn¬ Nne _nkn-\v kwcw-`-ß-fp-ambn \√ \ne-bn¬

Ign-bp-∂p.

kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂v th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ Xßƒ°v klmbw e`n-

®n- n-s√∂pw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv ]cp-ae sN√p-tºmƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta\n At©m ]tØm cq] Xcp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ipń-bΩ 2000

Pqsse amk-Øn¬ kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ ]d-™p.

X¶-Ω-bpsS `¿Ømhv Duń-bn¬ tXm´w kq]-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX.

s]cp-\mSp _Y\n Bi-a-Ønse Hcp ]ap-Jmw-Khpw Rß-fpsS am\y-

kplrØpw k©m-c-ssh-ZnI kphn-ti-j-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Znhyio Ipdn-

bm-t°m-kv A®s\-gp-Xnb ""a[p-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

A®≥ 1981-˛¬ Duń-bn¬ h®v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aIs\ I≠p F∂p

]d-™n-´p-≠v. tXm´w kq]-≠m-bn-cp∂ acp-a-I-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw A®≥

I≠-Xv.

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aIs\ Duń-bn¬ h®v A®≥ I≠-Xm-bp≈ ]cm-

a¿iw icn-bm-Im-\n-S-bn-s√∂v AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp Fgp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ

^m. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv H.sF.kn. 12-˛6-˛92-˛¬ s]-cp-\mSv _Y\n Bi-a-

Øn¬ \n∂v Ab® IØn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: ""F. Fkv. tUhn-

Uv, tImS-\mSv FtÃ‰v, tIm´-Kn-cn, \oe-Kncn F∂ Bfn-s\-bmWv

1949˛¬ Rm≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-Xv. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI≥ F∂mWv Fs‚

Ipdn∏p ]pkvX-I-Øn¬. h°o¬ kmdn\p Inńb Adn-h-\p-k-cn®pw

Ime-Øns‚ IW-°p-Iq-´¬ A\p-k-cn®pw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI-fpsS

aI-\m-Im-\mWp km[y-X.''

]m∏n-bpsS GI ]pX≥ DÆn 30 h¿jw apºv 70-˛mw hb-n¬

B‰p-]p-dØv `h-\-Øn¬ h®v A¥-cn-®p.

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS ktlm-Z-co-]p-X-\mb F. hn. tPmWmWv DÆnsb

kpJ-an-√msX InS-∂-t∏mƒ acWw hsc ipiq-jn-®-Xv. DÆn-bpsS

Ime-tijw F. hn. tPmWpw IpSpw-_hpw B‰p-]p-dØv Xma-k-am°n.

]m∏n-bpsS ac-WsØ XpS¿∂v `mcybpsS sNe-hn\pw a°-fpsS

hnhmlØn\pw a‰pw klmbw \¬Ip-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®v h´-t»-cn¬

Xnc-pta\n 1919 \hw-_-dn¬ Hcp Iev]\ Ab®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS skI-´dn aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ km£n-°p-∂p.

32 B\-∏m∏n

C°mcyw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iev]\_p°nepw (Iev]-\-I-fpsS kwKlw

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn -hbv°p∂ ]pkvXIw) ]d-bp-∂p-s≠∂v AXv ]cn-tim-

[n® k`m-N-cnX Kth-j-I-\mb tPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv Adn-bn-®p.

DÆnbn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v tIń-´p-≈ Imcy-ßƒ, F. hn. tPm¨ 1992-

s^-_p-h-cn-bn¬ ]d-™-XmWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. hoSp- h®p

sImSp°mw, s]ä-°sf sIń-®-b-bv°mw Fs∂ms° k`m-t\-XrXzw

hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AsXm-∂pw ]men-°-s∏-ń-√. tIkv Hgn-hm-

°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠n kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Ipsd A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Hcp henb

XpI-bp-ambn kao-]n®p F¶nepw A`n-am-\n-Ifm-bn-cp∂ ]m∏n-bpsS

IpSpw-_-°m¿ ""c‡-Øns‚ hne'' \nc-kn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tIkp-

hn[n A\p-k-cn®v GtXm XpI Inń-sb∂pw k` \¬In-sb∂p ]d-

bp∂ klmbw ]t£ bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°√ e`n-®-sX∂pw

F. hn. tPm¨ ]d-™p. ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-tØmSv Fw. F. A®\v

(_-Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) henb klm-\p-`qXn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

]m∏n-h[w kw_-‘n®v at\m-c-a-bn¬ h∂ dnt∏m¿´mWv icn-sb∂pw

tPm¨ Adn-bn-®p. ]Øp -h¿jw apºv hnh-c-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°m≥ hdp-

Kokv tPm¨ tXm´-∏pg, Imc-bv°¬ ]≈n-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ

A∂sØ SÃn C. ]n. hdp-Kokpw ]mbw sN∂ GXm\pw hy‡n-

Ifpw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v klmbw \¬Ip-∂Xp kw_-

‘n® Imcyw am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv doØn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn\p apºv h´-

t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv tNmZn® 18 tNmZy-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂-psh∂v

]d™phtX (K-Wy-amb Hcp XpI k`-bn¬ \n∂v A\p-h-Zn®p

F¶nepw AXv bYm¿∞ Ah-Im-in°v e`n-®n-s√-∂p≈ hkvXpX

X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√). F. hn. tPmWns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ sNdn-bm≥,

Xm≥ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS aI-\m-sW∂v ]d™p ]Ww ssI∏‰n F∂

kwKXn icn-bm-sW-¶n¬ k`sb C°m-cy-Øn¬ Ip‰w ]d-bp-∂Xv

sX‰p -X-s∂-bm-Wv.

F. hn. tPmWns‚ Imc-bv°-ep≈ ktlm-Z-cnbpw Ipsd hnh-c-

ßƒ \¬In. Ch-bn¬ F. hn. tPmWn¬ \n∂v e`n® Imcy-ß-fmWv

Gsd B[n-Im-cnIw F∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS ho´p-Im¿ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-K-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv aI≥ DÆn am¿tØmΩm k`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. DÆn-

bpsS arX-tZlw adhp sNbvXXpw am¿tØmΩm ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-

bn-emWv. Ime-I-a-Øn¬ B hoń-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h¿ s]¥-t°m-kvXn¬

tN¿∂p F∂mWv a\-n-em-°m≥ Ign-™-Xv.

33B\-∏m∏n

k`-bn¬ \n∂v kmº-Øn-I-k-lmbw sNøm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Imc-W-sam-

∂p-an-√. AXv a°ƒ°-√msX a‰m¿°pw In´m\pw km[y-X-bn-√.

F∂m¬ Xß-fmWv klm-b-Øn-\¿l-sc∂v ]d™p IpSpw-_-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ a‰m-sc-¶nepw k`-bpsS kw`m-h\ kzoI-cn-®n-cn°mw F∂

hkvXp-Xbpw X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-√.

""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ t]cv h¿°n Bim\v e`n-®Xv ]¥bw h®v

Hcm-\-bpsS hmen¬ c≠p -ssI -sIm≠v B™p-]n-Sn®v Nph-Sp-d-∏n®v

B\sb \ndp-Øn-b-Xn-s\- Xp-S¿∂m-sW∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. AX√

i‡-\mb B\-sb-t∏mse XSn® BImcw aqew e`n-®-Xm-sW∂pw

]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Hcn-°¬ B‰p-]p-dsØ Xs‚ hoSns‚ apºnse

tXmSn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp apXe tXm´-cn-In¬ Ce-Ifpw ]p√pw Xn∂p-

sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp BSns\ ]nSn®p hmbn-em-°n. BSns‚ Ic-®n¬ tI´

h¿°n Bim≥ Hcp Ib-dp-ambn tXmń¬ NmSn apX-esb Ib-dp-

sIm≠v sIń Icbv°v Ib-‰p-Ibpw BSns\ c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS IcpØpw Xt‚-Shpw

kphy-‡-am-W-t√m.

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS c‡w sNmcn-™-h-cpsS ]n≥X-e-ap-d-bpsS taepw

C∂pw B c‡w Hcp im]-°-d-bmbn XpS-cp-∂p-s≠-∂p≈ Ncn-X-

kXyw Bbncw XhW ao\-®n-em-‰n¬ apßn-°p-fn-®mepw ambn®p If-

bm-\m-hn-√.

34 B\-∏m∏n

II

aW-en¬ A®s‚ IØvB\-∏m-∏nsb kw_-‘n® hnh-c-ßƒ°mbn AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp

1992-˛¬ aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿°v Ab® IØn\v A®≥

\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-bpsS ]q¿Æ-cq-]-amWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. 1925

apX¬ ]Øp -h¿j-°mew h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dnbpw

kap-Zm-b-t°-kns‚ ap°m¬ iXm-_vZ-°m-esØ ][m\ \S-Øn-∏p-

°m-c\pw ]i-kvX\pw ]ap-J-\p-am-bn-cp∂ tijvT sshZn-I-\mWv

A¥-cn® aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿. A°m-esØ k`mNcnX

kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ßƒ ""aW-en¬ A®s‚ k`m kvac-W-Iƒ'' (tIm-´-

bv°¬ ]ªn-tj-gvkv, amßm-\w) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ hni-Z-ambn

]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

ssa Unb¿ anÃ¿ amXyp, Bº-√q¿

5˛3-˛1992

Fgp-Øp- In-ń. B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-dn®v Rm≥ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv

]tXyIw H∂pw tNmZn-®-dn-™n-ń-√. F∂m¬ B ImesØ Bfp-I-

fn¬ \n∂p Nne-sX√mw Adn-™n-´p-≈Xv Ipd-n°mw. ]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-

bv°-SpØv Imc-bv°¬ F∂ ÿe-Øp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ hg-°p-≠m°n Nne tIUn-I-fmb apl-Ω-Zo-

b¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb NoØ ]d™pw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°p-hm≥ XpS-

ßn-b-t∏mƒ Xncp-h√m ]am-Wn-Iƒ B\-∏m-∏nsb tZl-c-£bv°v

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-Wv. a‰p -Nn-ecpw \ncWw apX-emb ÿe-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B\-∏m∏n h∂-tijw Abmƒ apl-Ω-Zo-b-cp-

ambn temly-Øn¬ Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS _e-

Øn¬ thsd Nne¿ apl-Ω-Zo-bsc ]∂n-sb∂pw a‰pw Bt£-]n-®n-

cp∂p. B ]I-bnepw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bfp-I-fpsS t]c-W-bnepw

s]´mWv B\-∏m-∏nsb hI-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. Nmb IpSn-°p-hm≥ A∂p

aW¬]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂ skan-\m-cn-°-S-hns‚ FXn¿I-c-bn¬ B\-∏m-

∏nbpw Iqćpw t]mb-t∏mƒ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ H∂pw D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√.

AXn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Imń¬ FXn¿`m-K-°m¿ Bbp-[-ß-fp-ambn Hfn-®n-

cp∂p. Nmb C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ B\-∏m∏nbpw Iqćpw aS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ

a‰-h¿ HmSnh∂v B\-∏m∏nsb t\cn-´p. ]m∏nbpsS IqsS-bp-≈-h¿

\m\m-`m-K-tØ°pw HmSn. FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ ]m∏nsb Xs∂ XpS¿∂p.

35B\-∏m∏n

]m∏n Xncn™p \n∂p ASn XSpØp ]pd-tIm´v \S-∂p. A∂p IS-

hn¬ Xosc Ipdhp sh≈-ta-bp-≈p. Hcp sXßn≥Ip‰n \n∂n-cp-∂-

Xn¬ ]m∏n Xń-ho-Wp. FXn¿Iq-´¿ Imen\p hSn-hmƒ sIm≠v shń.

Fgp-t∂¬°m≥ ]mSn-√msX InS-∂ ]m∏nsb Xebv°pw ASn-®p. acn-

®p-t]mbn F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ ad-™p. B kabw skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ k‘ym-]m¿∞\ \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN. \ne-

hnfn -tI´ Btcm F√mwIqSn ]m∏nsb Hcp Iń-en¬ FSpØv skan-

\mcn ap‰Øv sIm≠p-h-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eoØm h∂p I≠-Xmbn At±-

l-Øns‚ hń-∏-W-t°-knse km£n-sam-gn-bn¬ D≠v. DSs\ t]meokv

h∂v Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn samgn FSp-Øp. Bip-]-Xn-bn¬

sN∂-t∏mƒ acn-®n-ń-√. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX acn-®p. Xebv°v ASn-

sIm≠v 11 Ij-W-ambn Xe-tbmSv s]mń-bn-cp∂p F∂v t]mÃp-tam¿´w

dnt∏m¿ń¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tI´p.

12 ]Xn-Isf tN¿Øv tIkv D≠m-bn. Hcmƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚

tPyjvT-]p-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Hfn-hn¬ Bbn. 11 ]Xn-I-sfbpw

skj≥kv tIm¿ń¬ ITn-\-X-S-hn\p hn[n-®p. t]mÃvtam¿´w dnt∏m-

¿´pw, taØ-∑m-cmWv X√n-b-sX∂v samgn ]d-™-Xmb dnt∏m¿´pw

sIm≠v taØ-∑m¿ 3˛4 t]sc amXw sslt°m¿´v in£n®p. _m°n-

bp-≈-hsc shdpsX hn´p. A°q-´-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ tPyjvT-

]p-X\pw Hgn-hm-bn. Hgn-hmb Hcp-Ø\pw icn-bm-b-hn[w acn-®n-ń-√.

H∂p-c≠p sIm√-Øn-\Iw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw Zp¿a-c-W-am-Wp-≠m-b-

sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. kn. sP. Ip-cys‚ tPyjvT-]p-X≥ 5 sIm√w

IqSn Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. in£n-°-s∏´ taØ-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ Pbn-en¬ acn®p.

2 t]¿ Pbn¬ NmSn. Hcp-Ø≥ in£ Ign-™n-d-ßn. Abmƒ Hcp

\nmc If-hn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏´v t]meo-kns‚ ASn- sIm≠v acn-®p. Hcp

taØ≥ ]e-t∏mgpw kn. sP. Ipcy-s‚bpw A\p-P-s‚bpw hoSp-Ifn¬

cmXn-Im-e-ß-fn¬ sN∂v b-s∏-SpØn ]Ww hmßp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw

tIƒhn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

taØ-∑m-cmWv X√n-b-sX∂v ]m∏n ]d-™-Xmbn tUmIvS¿ tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv kn. sP. sI. bpsS kzm[o\w sIm≠m-sW∂pw

tUmIvS¿ FXn¿`m-K-tØmSp A\p-Iq-en-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw kwkm-c-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

B\-∏m∏n acn-®-Xns‚ Hm¿Ωsb]Xn saXm-t∏m-eoØm, At±-

l-Øns‚ `mcybv°v klmbw sImSp-°p-hm≥ I¬]\ sImSp-Øn-cp-

∂-Xmbn tIƒhn-bp-≠v. Xncp-ta\n `cWw G‰-Imew apX¬ D≈ Ub-

dnbpw I¬]\ ]I¿∏p-Ifpw 1925-˛¬ Rm≥ IqsS Bb-t∏mƒ D≠m-

36 B\-∏m∏n

bn-cp-∂n-√. B hnhcw Adn-bp-hm≥ Rm≥ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ 1923-˛¬ Xncp-

ta\n adp-Zo≥ bmXbv°v t]mb-t∏mƒ F√mw Ip≠d am¿ KotKm-dn-

tbmkv (]n-∂oSv 1929-˛¬ ImtXm-en-°m) saXm-®s\ kq£n-°p-hm≥

G¬]n-®n-cp∂p F∂pw AsX√mw th≠-t]mse kq£n®p hbv°m-

™-Xn-\m¬ Xncp-ta\n h∂-t∏mƒ F√mw NnX¬ Xn∂p \ncp-]-tbm-K-

ambn F∂pw Xobn´v Np´p-I-f-bp-hm≥ I¬]n®p F∂pw BIp∂p

Ft∂mSv adp-]-Sn-bmbn I¬]n-®-Xv. 1925-˛\p tijap≈ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v

amXta Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≈p.

B\-∏m∏n sIme-t°-kns‚ dn°m¿Uv Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. CkUv.

Fw. ]mtd´v kap-Zm-b-Øn-\p -X∂ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw

tZh-temIw Ac-a-\-bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-Øp≈ sse_dn lmfn¬

BWv h®n-cp-∂-Xv. B Iq´-Øn¬ Dt≠m F∂v \n›-b-an-√. tZh-

temIw amt\-P¿ _. kn. sI. tPmk^v dºm-®-\m-Wv. Ip∂w-Ip-fw-

Im-c≥. Xriq¿ Xma-kn®v AhnsS acn-®-S-°-s∏´ Hcp amÃ-dpsS aI≥.

At±-l-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´m-¬ Adn-bmw.

Rm≥ apI-fn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xn¬ IqSp-X¬ H∂pw B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-

dn-®-dn-™p- Iq-Sm. Hcp c‡-km-£n-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-s®-gp-Xp-∂Xv sX‰-

s√∂p ]d-bmw.

925 apX¬ 934-˛¬ Xncp-ta\n Imew sNbvX-Xp-hsc ]m∏n-bpsS

IpSpw-_-°m¿ Bsc-¶nepw Xncp-ta-\nsb I≠-Xmbn Rm≥ Hm¿°p-

∂n-√.

tijw ]n∂mse,

Bflm¿∞-X-tbm-sS,

aW-en¬ A®≥

37B\-∏m∏n

III

òcp-Xzhpw NXnbpwhS-°≥]mńse \mb-I-∑m-cmb Nne ]pcp-j-tI-k-cn-Iƒ, NXn-bn¬

sIm√-s∏-Sp∂ ZpxJ-I-c-amb IY-Iƒ F∂pw \ΩpsS a\-ns\ s\mº-

c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv. B [oc-tbm-≤m-°-fpsS A]-Zm-\-ßsf hmgvØn-

∏m-Sp∂ hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fnse Cuc-Sn-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Ign-bmsX lrZ-

b-Øns‚ D≈-d-I-fn¬ ]‰n-∏n-Sn®p \n¬°p-∂p:

""Imhn¬ `tKm-Xnsb Hm¿Øp sImt≠ F´p-a-Wn°p acn-s®m-tX-

\≥'' F∂p ]mSØv Rmdp-\-Sp∂ s]Æp-ßƒ HtX-\s‚ ZpxJ-IY

]mSn Ah-km-\n∏n-°p-tºmƒ hb¬h-c-ºØv Ah-cpsS ]m´v tI´v

\n¬°p∂hcpsS IÆp-Iƒ Cud-\-Wn-bp-∂Xv ImWmw. t\cn´v A¶w

shń Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v t_m[yw hcp-tºmƒ NXn-]-tbm-Kw-

sIm≠v FXn-cm-fnsb sIm√p-∂p. AhnsS [¿Ω-bp-≤-a√ \S-°p-∂Xv.

\oXn-im-kvX-ßƒ AXv I≠v kvXw`n®p \n¬°p-∂p. hnP-b-I-c-amb

A¶-∏-b-‰n-\p-tijw £oWw Xo¿°m≥ ab-ßn-°n-S∂ Btcm-a¬

tNh-I-sc, IpØp-hn-f-°ns‚ X≠p-sIm≠v N¥p, hb-‰n¬ IpØn

amc-I-ambn apdn-th¬]n®v HmSn ad-bp-∂p. Ahn-sSbpw òcp-Xz-hpw,

NXnbpw ssIap-X-em-°nb FXn-cm-fn-sb-bmWv ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv.

alm-`m-c-X-bp-≤-Øn¬ A`n-a\yp cmP-Ip-am-cs\ h[n-°m≥ Zptcym-

[-\m-Zn-Iƒ CtX X¥w -Xs∂ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. [¿Ω-

bp-≤-Øns‚ kIe \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Im‰n¬ ]dØn GI-\mb

A`n-a\yp cmP-Ip-am-cs\ ]fl-hyq-l-Øn-en´v kI-ecpw IqSn \njvI-

cpWw shń-s°m-√p-∂p. Ncn-X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ c‡w s]mSn™p

\n¬°p∂ hoc-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS A]-Zm-\-ßƒ am\-h-cm-in°v F∂pw

]nb-¶-c-ß-fm-Wv. ZpxJ-]-cy-h-km-bn-bm-sW-¶nepw B [oc-tI-k-cn-I-

fpsS hoc-I-Y-Iƒ ho≠pw ho≠pw Bth-i-]q¿∆w tI´v Bkz-Zn-°m≥

sImXn tXm∂p-∂p.

cmPy-sØbpw P\-ß-sfbpw XymK-]q¿∆w tkhn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

PohnXw ka¿∏n® alm-∑msc, Nne¿ Xß-fpsS D±n-jvS-Im-cy-kn-≤n-

°mbn D∑q-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\pth≠n BZyw Ah-cpsS AwK-c-£-

Isc NXn-bn-eqsS hI-h-cp-Øp-∂p. CØcw Iiva-e-∑m-cmb Imtb-

∑m¿ tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ Ime-Øn\p hfsc apºp-Xs∂ \∑-Xn-∑-

Iƒ \nd™ Cu temI-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B LmX-I-cn¬ an°-

38 B\-∏m∏n

hcpw Ncn-X-Øns‚ Nh-‰p-sIm-´-bn¬ Bcpw Adn-bmsX InS-°p-∂p.

tbip-In-kvXp-hn-s‚bpw alm-flm-Km-‘n-bp-sSbpw a‰pw LmX-I¿, h√-

t∏mgpw Hs´ms° Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xp h[n-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS al-Xz-Øns‚

ambmØ ta¬hn-em-k-Øn-em-Wv. thZ-\n®p \ncm-i-cmbn acn® Ah¿°v

]kn-≤n-bpsS ]cn-thjw sXs√-¶nepw AWn-bm\pw km[n-®n-ń-√.

NcnXw AXv AwKo-I-cn®p sImSp-Øn- p-an-√. Ahn-sS-bmWv Ccp-]Xmw

iX-I-Øns‚ BZy -Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ ae-¶-c-k-`sb [oc-ambn \bn-°th

h[-ò-j-Wn-bpsS Icn-\n-g-en¬ \nZm-tZ-hn-bpsS Iqń-√msX Ign-tb-

≠n-h∂ k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS tZl-c-£-bv°mbn k`m-kvt\-l-Øns‚ Dƒ-

t]-c-W-bm¬ FØnb h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS AXp-

ey-amb \ne. ssZh-Øns‚ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\pw

BZ¿i-[o-c\pw ]c-a-`-‡-\p-ambncp∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p th≠n

PohXymKw sNtø-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ ]m∏n-sb, hm°ns‚ icn-bmb A¿-

∞-hym-]vXn-bn-e-s√-¶nepw Hc-f-hn¬ c‡-km-£n-bmbn NnXo-I-cn-°p-

∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-s√∂v Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm ac-W-\n-g-enepw thZ-\-bpsS Xo®q-f-

bnepw IqsS IS-∂p-t]mb Znh-k-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw h[-òjWn-bpsS apg-

°-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw kztZ-in-I-fpsS HØm-ibpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-

Ø-s∏´ ]c-tZ-in-I-fpsS IS-∂m-I-aW ia-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw Adn-hp-≈-

h¿°v amXta B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS A∂sØ tkh-\sØ icn°pw hne-

bn-cp-Øm-\m-hq. At±-l-tØmSv k`bpw k`mw-K-ßfpw th≠-hn[w

\oXn ]pe¿Øn-bn-ń√ F∂ hna¿i\w C∂pw ]tXyIw FSp-Øp-

]d-tb≠ H∂-√. \oXn sNbvXn-cp∂p F¶n¬ tIm´bw ]pØ≥]≈n

skan-tØ-cn-bnse ]m∏n-bpsS I√d Is≠Øn AhnsS kap-Nn-X-

amb I_¿ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS A¶-W-Øn¬ A¥y-

hn-iaw sIm≈p∂ k`m-`m-kp-cs‚ kv]µn-°p∂ I_-dn-S-Øn¬ \n∂v

A[nIw AI-se-b-√msX B hmey-°mc\v Hcp kvamc-I-ine Db-cp-

Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pohn®n-cn-°p-∂-hsc Imcy-km-[y-Øn-\p-th≠n

IW-°n-e-[nIw Icp-Xp-Ibpw Ah¿ IÆ-S-bp-tºmƒ I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kz`m-h-Øn\p kpdn-bm\n InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]t≠

Ip]-kn-≤-cm-sW∂p Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v CXp kw_-‘n®v Imcy-amb

at\m-th-Z\ D≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-bn-√. a°ƒ kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°sf

kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xns‚ Hcp ][m\ ImcWw Ah-cn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂

kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ßƒ°p ]pdsa B\p-Iq-ey-ß-fm-sW∂pw Ah¿

£oWn-Xcpw kmº-ØnI klmbw \¬Im≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-hcpw

BIp-tºmƒ a°-fpsS ]q¿∆-kvt\lw Ipd-bp-Itbm ad-bp-Itbm

39B\-∏m∏n

sNøp-sa∂pw D≈Xv a\-im-kvX-]-c-ambn icn-h-®n-´p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw

ChnsS Hm¿∏n-°-s´. cqØn-s\-t∏mse hyXy-kvX-cmb Npcp°w Nne¿

D≠m-Ipw. B\-∏m-∏n-sb∂ Akm-am\y tZl-_-e-ap≈ Icp-Øs\

t\cn´v FXn¿°m≥ sI¬]n-√mØ òcp-°-fmb H´-[nIw t]Sn-sØm-

≠-∑m¿ HØp-IqSn \ncm-bp-[-\mb B a\p-jys\ \n¿±bw X√n-s°m∂

NcnXw Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv tIƒ°m-Ø-h¿

D≠m-hn-√. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS h[-sØ-°p-dn®v Bcpw ]m´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-

b-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. Hcp Ihnbpw hnem-]-Imhyw cNn-®n-√. Hcp kvamc-

Ihpw ]m∏n-°p-th≠n Db¿∂n-√. ]gb Hcp k`m-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-Ønepw

]m∏n-bpsS arX-tZlw FhnsS I_-d-S-°n-sb-∂p -t]mepw ImWn-√.

]m∏nsb Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂v Xm≥ sIm≠p-h∂p F∂v Ah-Im-i-

s∏-Sp∂ B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv (A∂v ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n.

Koh¿Ko-kv) ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Xm≥ cNn® "Kncn-Zo]w'

F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ hnkvX-cn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ t]Pv 35-˛¬

""t]mÃp-tam¿ -Øn-\p-tijw bYm-hn[n kwkvIm-c-Iaw \SØn'' F∂v

FgpXn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv B lrZ-bm-ep-hmb ]ptcm-ln-X-

tijvT≥ sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. ]m∏n-bpsS kztZiw Xncp-h-√-mbm-Wv. ]m∏n-

bpsS arX-tZlw Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ ]m∏n-bpsS kz¥w CS-h-I-∏≈n skan-

tØ-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn AS-°p-I-bmtWm D≠m-b-Xv. AtXm a‰p

h√-bn-SØpw AS-°p-I-bmtWm sNbvX-sX∂v hmb-\-°m¿°v \ymb-

amb kwibw tXm∂mw. tIm´bw sNdn-b-]≈n hI ]pØ≥]≈n

skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ AS°w sNbvXp F∂v Hcp -hcn Fgp-Xn-t®¿°m≥

]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn¬ h√msX kl-X-]n-°p∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-

kn\p km[n-®n-√. tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n-bpsS skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ I_-

d-S°w \SØn F∂v ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpsS A∂-sØ dnt∏m¿ń¬

\n∂p-amWv \mw Adn-bp-∂-Xv. B [oc-tbm-≤m-hns‚ ih-Ip-So-cw-t]mepw

kwc-£n-°msX kap-Zmbw IrX-Lv\X Imń.

]m∏n kz¥w Imcy-ßƒ t\Sm-\p≈ hyK-X-bn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-I-

b√ sNbvX-Xv. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ AXpey Bflob t\Xm-hmb ae-

¶c k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚

tZl-c-£-bv°p-th≠n ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXn-Iq-c-

ambn h[n-°-s∏-´p. kap-Zm-b-]-am-Wn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb At±-l-Øns‚

kz¥- \m-ń¬ \n∂v £Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bpsS AwK-c-£-I-\mbn \nb-an-®-Xm-Wv. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb Xń-

°-f-bm≥ ]mØpw ]Xp-ßnbpw Ccp-ńs‚ ad-hn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-

bn¬ G¥n-h-en™v h∂ A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v B\-

∏m∏n Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\-am-bn. ]m∏n-bpsS ssIbn¬ s]´m¬ Poh-\pw-

40 B\-∏m∏n

sIm≠v Xncn-®p-t]m-cm≥ ]‰n-s√∂pw Dd-∏m-Wv. At[m-tem-I-ho-c-∑m¿

At∏mƒ I≠p-]n-Sn® X¥-amWv ]m∏nsb C√mbva sNøpI F∂Xv.

AXv Ah¿ \S-∏m-°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp. t]meokv tIkn¬ Cßs\

]d-bp-∂p:

""Xncp-h√m s\Spºw ]hr-Øn-bn¬ s]cn-ßc apdn-bn¬ B‰p-]p-

dØp Xma-kn°pw ]m∏n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ h¿°n hdp-Ko-kns\ 1087˛m-

am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw Xob-Xn sshIn Dt±iw 6 aWn ka-bØv

tIm´bw tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cnbv°v hS-°p-hiw D≈

ao\-®n-em-‰n¬ aW-∏p-dØv h®v acWw hc-Ø° ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-

°-W-sa-∂p≈ s]mXp-hmb hnNm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn 1 apX¬ 17 hsc ]Xn-

Iƒ \ymb-c-ln-X-ambn kwLw tN¿∂v hSn, hSn-hmƒ, De° apX-

emb Bbp-[-ßƒ [cn-®-h-cmbn ]m∏n-bpsS acWw hcp-hm≥ CS-bp-

s≠-∂p≈ Adn-thm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-]q¿∆w ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bnepw

tZlØpw hSn, De° Ch -sIm≠v ASn-®pw, CSn®pw hmƒ sIm-≠v

IpØnbpw ]cp-t°¬∏n®p sIm∂p.''

Aßs\ ]m∏n F∂ alm-a-√≥ h[n-°-s∏-´p. k`-bpsS A`n-am-\-

kvXw-`-amb h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ Xoh-b-Xv\-

Øn¬ Hcp [oc-tbm-≤mhv c‡-km-£n-bmbn AS¿°-f-Øn¬ hoWp.

ao\-®n-em-dns‚ hncn-amdv ]m∏n-bpsS NpSp-tNm-c -hoWv Nph-∂p. AkvX-

ab kqcy≥ B òIc ImgvN -Im-Wm≥ sI¬]n-√msX apJw ad-®p.

B‰-cn-In¬ \n¬°p∂ hr£-ßƒ B Iqc-Zriyw I≠v \Sp-ßn-

t∏mbn. ]gbskan-\mcn Nm∏-en¬ \n∂v k‘ym-]m¿∞-\bv°v

Db¿∂p-tI´ aWn-\mZw B sIme-]m-X-I-Øn¬ ZpxJn-°p∂ doti≥

amem-J-am-cpsS tXß¬t]mse tXm∂n-t∏m-bn.

CUv. Fw. ]mtd-ńs‚ A\-iz-c-Ir-Xn-bmb ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ

\memw hmfy-Øn¬ Hcp A≤ymbw Xs∂ B\-∏m∏n h[-Øn-\p-th≠n

\o°n-h-®n- p-≠v. ]Xn-aq∂mw A≤ym-bØn\v At±lw sImSpØ t]cp-

Xs∂ ""ka-cn-bpw, Ipcp-Xnbpw'' F∂m-Wv. ]mkw H∏n®v Fgp-Xnb

B Xe-s°´v XnI®pw A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. 1086-˛¬ kacn 58-˛mw \º-

cmbn kap-ZmbtIµ-amb ]gbskan-\m-cnbpsS ssIh-isØ kw_-

‘n®v Hcp tIkp-≠m-bn. AXn-s\-bmWv ka-cn-t°kv F∂v ]d-™p-

h-cp-∂-Xv. kΩdn F∂ Cw•ojv hm°ns‚ ae-bmfw A\p-I-c-W-amWv

ka-cn. A\m-h-iy-amb Hu]-Nm-cnI \S-]-Sn-Itfm Ime-Xm-a-ktam

IqSmsX Npcp-°-ambn hnNm-cW sNø-s∏-Sp∂ tIkn-\mWv ka-cn-

t°kv F∂p ]d-bm-dv. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k -bpsS Zim-_vZ-ßƒ ]n∂n´

tIkp-I-fpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hmtcm henb hyh-lm-chpw Hmtcm t]cn-

41B\-∏m∏n

emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. skan-\m-cn-t°-kv, hń-∏-W-t°-kv, kkvs]≥-

j≥ tIkv, kap-Zm-b-t°-kv..... k`m-t°kv Aßs\ FX FX

tIkp-Iƒ!! ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb XqsØ-dn™v ]g-b-sk-an-

\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ka-c-Øn¬ B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS Poh≥

IpcpXn sImSp-°-s∏-´p. CXmWv ""ka-cnbpw Ipcp-Xnbpw'' F∂ t]cv

]Xn-aq∂mw A≤ym-b-Øn\v ]mtd´v sImSp-°m≥ Imc-Ww. ae-¶c

\km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw \mev t]Pv 427 apX-ep≈ `mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

Ipd®v hcn-Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p:

`bm-\-I-amb B kw -h-Øns‚ hni-Z-hn-h-c-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂n√

F∂v kt¶m-N-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bap-J-ambn ]d™v ]mtd´v t]meokv

tIkns‚ \S-]-Sn-I-fpw, A\-¥-c -kw-`-h-ßfpw Npcp-°-ambn sImSp-

°p-∂p.

]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p, ""t]meokv, dnt∏m¿ń¬ ImWp∂ kw`hw \S-

∂-Xn\p th≠X sXfn-hp-Iƒ lmP-cm-°n. km£n-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬

XmSnbpw, aoibpw \ońb Hcp hr≤\pw, HºXp hb-p- amXw ]mb-

ap≈ Ipeo-\-bmb Hcp s]Ïp-ńbpw Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂p. ]Øp-]-Xn-\-

©m-fp-Iƒ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fpw, De-°-bpw, Bbn ]m∏nsb hf-™p. Xe

X√n-Ø-I¿°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p πm≥ F∂p ImWmw km£n-sam-gn-

Iƒ hmbn-®m¬. apºn-epw, ]nºnepw Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw \n∂p-sIm≠v

Ah¿ Abm-fpsS Xesb e£y-am°n \n¿ØmsX ASn-®p. HmSn-t∏m-

Ith Hcmƒ hSn-hmƒsIm≠v Imen¬ IpØn. B alm-a-√≥ \new-

]Xn-®p. AhnsS C´pw Ipsd ASn-®-tijw F√m-hcpw HmSn-t∏m-bn.

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hnh-c-a-dn™v Bfp-Iƒ HmSn FØn. arX-]m-b-\m-

bn-°n-S∂ ]m∏nsb Hcp Iń-en¬ FSpØp t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°pw,

Ahn-sS-\n∂v \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°pw sIm≠p-

t]mbn. Ahn-sS-h®v Abmƒ ]ns‰-∂mƒ acn-®p. arX-i-cocw t]mÃp-

tam¿´w sNbvX-t∏mƒ Xe-t®mdv ]Xn-aq∂v Ij-W-ß-fmbn s]mń-Ø-

I¿∂-Xm-bpw, c≠v Zn°n¬ Xe-t®mdv ]pd-Øp-Nm-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw

I≠p. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]Xn-I-fpsS ]£Øp tN¿∂v

sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. tUmIvS¿ tcmKnsb th≠-X-c-

Øn¬ t\m°n-bn-√, F∂n-ßs\ ]cm-Xn-bp-≠m-bn. BsI-bp-≠m-bn-

cp∂ 17 ]Xn-I-fn¬ 16 t]sc-bmWv AdÃv sNbvX-Xv. aPn-kvtS‰v

tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v ]Xn-s\m∂v ]Xn-Isf skj≥kn-te°v IΩn‰p

sNbvXp. ]m∏nsb shńb ][m\ ]Xnsb ]nSn-In-ń-bn-√. Abmƒ

Hfn-hn¬ t]mbn. IΩn‰v sNø-s∏´ ]Xn-s\m∂v ]Xn-Iƒ°pw Poh-]-

cy¥w XS-hp-in£ \¬In. 1088 I∂n 26-˛mw XobXn hn[n D≠m-bn.

42 B\-∏m∏n

in£n-°-s∏´ ]Xn-Iƒ sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ sImSp-Øp.

Ahn-sS-\n∂v H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v Cu ]Xn-I-fpsS Poh-]-cy¥w XS-hp-

in£ ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw _m°n F´p-t]sc shdpsX hn´pw hn[n®p.

Aßs\ B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv Ah-km-\n-®p. CXn-\Iw kap-Zmbw an°-

hmdpw c≠mbn ]nf-cp-I-bpw, am¿ A_vZp≈m aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-

sIm-t≠m, \c-_en hgn Xr]vXn h∂-Xp-sImt≠m Ft¥m ]gbskan-

\m-cn-bnse kvt^mS-\m-hÿ X¬°m-e-tØ°v amdn-.'' Cßs\ tcJ-

s∏-SpØn ]mtd´v "ka-cn-bpw Ipcp-Xnbpw' F∂ A≤ymbw Ah-km-

\n-∏n-°p-∂p.

]m∏n-bpsS ac-Ww-hgn ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse kwL¿jm-hÿ

X¬°mew amdn-In-ń-sb-¶nepw ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v h∂ \jvS-

Øn\v Bcv DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw G¬°pw. 35-˛mw hb-n¬ ]m∏n h[n-°-

s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Cfb s]Ïp-™n\v shdpw 3 amkw ]mbta D≠m-bn-

cp-∂p-≈p. 90 hb-p≈ B aIƒ 2000-˛epw Pohn-®n-cp∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS

`mcybpw Ip™p-ßfpw klm-b-Øn-\p-th≠n ]e hmXn¬°epw apń-

b-Xmbn Adn-bmw. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse ]gb dn°m¿Up-Iƒ

CubnsS X∏n-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v Khs◊‚n¬ \n∂p

Nne B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ In´m-\mbn Ab-bv°m≥ Xøm-dm-°nb Hcp At]-

£-bpsS ]I¿∏v I≠p-In-ń. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-

bmbn Zo¿L-Imew tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn® aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m-

tcmSv At±lw Znhw-K-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\v GXm\pw amk-ßƒ°v apºv

FgpXn tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ At±lw adp-]-Sn-bn¬ ImWn-®Xv ]m∏n-bpsS

IpSpw-_-Øn\v k`-bn¬ \n∂v Fs¥-¶nepw klmbw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-

Ø-Xmbn Adn-hn-√, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-eØv klm-b-Øn-\mbn

h∂n-cp-∂-Xmbpw Hm¿Ω-bn-s√∂v Bbn-cp∂p. Ign-bp-∂ klmbw ]m∏n-

bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn\v h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°Ww

F∂v Duln-°p-hmt\ Xc-ap-≈p. Xncp-ta\n t\cn v sImSp-Øn-s√-¶nepw

a‰p h√ hy‡n-I-tfm-tSm, ]≈n-°m-tcmtSm ]d™v klmbw FØn-

®p-ImWpw F∂v kam-iz-kn-°mw.

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]Xyp-]-Imcw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ AXoh i≤m-

ep-hm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v

Icp-X-ep≈ hnim-e-lr-Z-b-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n. At±-l-Øns‚ ap≥-

Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-

a≥ ]ta-l-tcm-K-_m-[n-X-\mbn tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n- ta-S-bn¬ InS-

°p-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb ipiq-jn-°p-hm≥ Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp -\n∂v At±-

l-Øns‚ ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ sN∂v IqsS Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. ]pent°m-

43B\-∏m∏n

ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hr≤-bmb Hcp ktlm-Zcn Xncp-ta-\nsb ac-W-

°n-S-°-bn¬ cm]-I-en-√msX ipiq-jn-®n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n Imew-sNbvXv

I_-d-S°w Ign-™mWv Ah-sc√mw \mń-te°v aS-ßn-b-Xv. ta¬∏-

d™ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ktlm-Z-cn°v kmº-Øn-I-ambn

hfsc _p≤n-ap-´m-sW∂v Adn™ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n B ktlm-

Z-cn°v ]Xn-amkw A©p -cq]m aWn-Hm¿U-dmbn ]gbskan-\m-cn-

bn¬\n∂v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ G¿∏mSv sNbvXp. Ah¿ acn-°p-∂-Xp-

hsc amkw-tXmdpw B A©p-cq] Fw.H. Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp≈ Ah-

cpsS hoń¬ sN∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A∂sØ A©p- cq] Hcp ss]adn

kvIqƒ amÃ¿°p In´p∂ iº-f-am-sW∂v Hm¿°-Ww. B \nebv°v

]m∏n-bpsS IpSpw-_sØ Xncp-ta\n klm-bn-°msX Ccn-°n√ F∂p-

thWw hniz-kn-°m≥. AtX-k-abw ]m∏n-bpsS _‘p-°-fn¬ Nne-

tcmSv Rßƒ At\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ klm-b-sam∂pw e`n-®n√ F∂mWv

]d-™-Xv.

44 B\-∏m∏n

IV

A∂sØ k`m¥-co£wB\-∏m∏n h[-sØ-°p-dn®v ]T\w \S-Øp-tºmƒ B sIme-]m-X-

I-Øn\v If-sam-cp-°nb A∂sØ Iem-]-I-ep-jn-X-amb k`m-¥-co-

£-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p. ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ k`mw-K-ß-fpsS F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

kvt\l-hpw, _lp-am-\hpw ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb ]pen-t°m- n¬ tPmk v am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ZznXo-b\v (k- -bn¬ A©m-a≥) ]mbm-[nIyw sIm≠v

`c-W-`mcw hln-°m≥ ]bm-k-ambn XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ ]n≥Km-ansb

sXc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-ƒ Bcw-`n-®p. Xs‚ Ime-tijw ae-

¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmbn h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºms\ At±lw

a\-n¬ I≠p-h-®n-cp-∂p. Xm≥ Imew sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ h´-

t»-cn¬ dºm\p ta¬]´w sImSp-∏n®v Xt∂mSv kl-I-cn®p ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-Xn\p \ntbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v _p≤n-am-\mb

]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n \n›-bn-®p. Aßs\ sNøm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Xs‚

]b-Xv\-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠m-bn-´p≈ t\´-ß-sf√mw Ah-Xm-f-Øn-em-Ip-

sa∂pw Xncp-ta\n `bs∏´p.

ta¬∏-´-ÿm-\-tØ°v h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºm-t\bpw sIm®p-

]-d-ºn¬ ]ueqkv dºm-t\bpw ]≈n]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbmKw 1083 Ipw`w

15-˛\v Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. AXn¬ Koh¿Kokv dºms\ saXm≥ ÿm\w

G‰m¬ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Akn-Ã‚pw, ]n≥Km-an-bp-ambn

ae-¶-c-bnse s]mXp-hmb cWw G¬]n-°-W-sa∂pw ]≈n]Xn-]pcp-

j-tbmKw Xocp-am-\n-®p.

]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\p-tijw `c-W-Øn¬ h∂ ]mXn-b¿-

°o-kmb A_vZ¬ anin-lm-bpsS ^¿am≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ A[n-

Im-c-]Xw Xp¿°n kp¬Øm≥ A_vZp¬ laoZv ]n≥h-en® hnhcw

CXn-\Iw ae-¶-c-bn¬ Adn-™n-cp-∂p. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v A∂sØ ae-

¶-c-k-`-bpsS apJ-]-X-amb "CS-hI]Xn-I'-bn¬ Nne hm¿Ø-Ifpw

h∂p. bmXmkuI-cy-ßƒ ]cn-an-X-amb B ImeØv kndnbm cmPy-

Øp-t]mbn ]´-ta‰p hcp-∂Xv henb Zp¿LSw ]nSn® Imcy-am-bn-cp∂p.

]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n ta¬∏- -ÿm-\-ta¬°m≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ A\p-

`-hn® IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS GI-tZ-i-NnXw Fw. ]n. h¿°n Fgp-Xnb

]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p a\n-em-°mw.

Poh≥ ]Wbw h®p≈ bmX-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. I≈-∑mcpw sIm≈-

45B\-∏m∏n

°mcpw sIme-]m-X-In-Ifpw h\y-Po-hn-Iƒ hnl-cn-°p∂ Im´p-]m-X-I-

fn¬ IqSn Im¬\-S-bm-bpw, Igp-X-∏p-dØpw bmX sNbvXp -thWw

apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im≥. sIm≈-°m¿ hf-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v ]Ww

sImSpØv c£-s∏-S-Ww. At∏mƒ sIm≈-Ø-e-h≥ Hcp ]£n-bpsS

Xqh¬ AS-bm-f-ambn sImSp-°pw. AXp ImWn-®m¬ ASpØ sIm≈-

kwLw h∂v ]nSn-®p-]-dn-°n-√. Aß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ

kndnbm cmPysØ B`y-¥c\ne.

^¿am-\p≈ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-Øp-t]m-Ip-∂-

Xn-t\-°mƒ B]¬°-c-am-bn-cn°pw ]¿∆-X-Øn\p kao-]-ap≈

Xq¿ A_vZo-\n¬ ¿am≥ \jvS-s∏´p Xma-kn-°p∂ A_vZ-Zv a-inlm

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-°¬ t]mIp-∂-sX∂ A`n-]m-bhpw ae-¶-

c-bn¬ ]_-e-s∏-´p. k¿°m-cns‚ ]n¥p-W-bp≈ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-

b¿°o-kv, ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p hcp-∂-h¿°v kndn-bm-bnse A]-I-S-ta-

J-e-I-fn¬ IqSn-bp≈ bmX Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn bdp-itew ]´-W-Øn¬

h∂v ta¬]-´-ÿm\w sImSp∏m≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂v t\csØ Adn-bn-

®n-cp-∂p. Aß-s\-bmWv h -t»-cn¬ dºm-\pw, sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ dºm\pw

bdp-i-te-an¬ t]mbn ta¬∏-´-ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-b-Xv.

1908 sabv 31-˛\v saXm-\-`n-tjIw Ign™v Ccp-hcpw \mń-te°v

Xncn-®p. Ah-tcm-sSm∏w …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p.

siΩm-i-\mbn ae-¶-c-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ At±lw aØmbn siΩm

i\p-sam-∂n®v (]n-∂oSv HutK≥ _mhm) 1905-˛¬ kndn-bm-bn-te°v

t]mbn. AhnsS Xma-kn®ph∂ aØmbn siΩm-i≥, dºm≥ ÿm\w

kzoI-cn®v HutK≥ dºm-\m-bn-´mWv aS-ßn-b-Xv.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ hm¿≤-Iy-Z-i-

bn¬ ]pXnb saXm∑msc ImWp-hm\pw Ahsc A\p-K-ln-°p-hm\pw

ssZhw At±-l-Øn-\v Ah-kcw sImSp-Øp. ]pXnb saXm-∑m¿ Npa-

X-e-Iƒ Gs‰-SpØv \S-Øp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. At∏mƒ AXm hcp∂p

k`m-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Icn-\n-g¬ hogvØp∂ Hcp ktµiw! A_vZp≈m

]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-bn-te°v hcp-∂p. ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

`c-W-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-tØm-Spw, kzÿ-X-tbmSpw Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS hm\-ho-Yn-bn¬ Hcp [qa-tIXp DZbw sNbvXp. £an-

°-Ww. ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ [qa-tIXp F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°mtam? hm¬-

\-£Xw DZn-®m¬ B \mń¬ \mi-hpw, IjvS-∏mSpw D≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-

Wt√m hnizm-kw. [qa-tI-Xp-hn-t\-°mƒ \mihpw, A\¿∞-hp-amWv

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv h∂v ae-¶ck`-bn¬ hnX-®-Xv. ]ip

NØm-epw, tamcnse ]pfn t]mhn√ Fs∂mcp sNm√p-≠-t√m.

46 B\-∏m∏n

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]mbn´v Hcp \q‰m-≠v Ign™p.

C∂pw B alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ sNbvXp-sh® tZml-Øns‚ ew \nc-

]-cm-[n-I-fmb ae-¶-c-k`m a°ƒ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p.

]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂Xv

At±-lsØ £Wn-®-X-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. \hoI-c-W-°m-cp-ambn G‰p-

ap- m≥ thsd am¿§-an-s√∂v ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v tXm∂n-b-Xns‚

shfn-®-Øn-emWv ]tXmkv XrXo-bs\ £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. A∂v

AsXmcp Bh-iy-ambn ]ecpw Icp-Xn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pm-

hns‚ hnfw-_-c-Øns‚ _e-Øn¬, ae-¶-c-k-`sb sRcp-°n-bn-cp∂

]me-°p-∂Øv amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns\ Iog-S-°m≥ AXv

amX-am-bn-cp∂p hgn. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv h∂p alm-cm-Pm-hn\v

\nth-Z\w sImSp-Ø-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw

]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw ]me-°p-∂Øv tXmakv AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s\-Xnsc

tIkp- sIm-SpØv ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ae-¶c kµ¿i-\-Øn\v B

hI Imcy-ßƒ H∂pwXs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. £Wn-°msX hen-™p-

I-b-dn-h∂ "AXn-Yn'-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Zhym-Klw apJ-apZ Bbn-

cp∂ B tijvT- a-lm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ]®-ta-®n¬]pd-amb ae-¶-c-k-`-

bn¬ \n∂v In´m-hp∂ apX¬ sIm≈ -sN-øm≥ ]pd-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p

F∂v B kµ¿i\w ]n∂oSv hy‡-am-°n. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv

h∂-t∏mƒ H∏w D≠m-bn-cp∂ KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm

BWv ]n∂oSv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Bb-Xv. ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂v

]Ww tNmZn-®p -hm-ßp-I-bpw, In´mØ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂v òj-Wn-

s∏-SpØn ]Ww Xń-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw, aqtdm≥ hn‰v Imim-°p-Ibpw,

Inńb ssI apØv t]msc∂v ]d™v ]≈n-bn¬ hen-s®-dn™v _lfw

sh°p-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvXv Bt£-]-ßƒ Ip∂p-Iq-Sn -b-t∏mƒ

]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm, am¿ KotKm-dn-tbm-kns\ apS-°n-b-

Xm-Wv. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncn-®p-t]m-bn´pw am¿ KotKm-

dn-tbmkv ChnsS Xßn. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v DSs\ ÿew hn´p-t]m-I-

W-sa∂v ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm I¬]n-®n´pw t]mbn√

F∂mWv Ncn-Xw.

]ns∂bpw ChnsS Id-ßn-Øn-cn™v In´m-hp∂ ss]k-sb√mw

kzcq-]n-®- ti-j-amWv ÿew Imen-bm-°n-b-Xv. ""F\n°v hr≤-bmb

Hcp AΩsb kwc-£n-°m-\p-≠v. \nßƒ h√Xpw X∂v klm-bn-

°Ww'' F∂v ]d™v ]≈n-°m-cpsS apºn¬ X©w-t]mse ssI

\o´m\pw B ioa- sa-Xm≥ aSn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

47B\-∏m∏n

hń-∏-W-t°-knse km£n-samgn hmbn-®m¬ Cßs\ ]eXpw

Adnbmw. A∂v h -t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv IØ\m¿, A_vZp≈m KotKm-

dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Zzn`m-jn-bmbn IqsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXmt∏m-eoØm A_vtZZv ainlm

]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ Xg™p ]mXn-b¿°okv Bb-t∏mƒ C\n

k`bv°v F¥p- \m-i-amWv h∂p-Iq-Sp-∂-sX∂ Bi¶ ae-¶-c-k`m

t\Xm-°sf tcmjm-Ip-e-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ X\n-\ndw Adn-bm-hp∂ ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v A_vZp≈m

]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂p F∂v Adn-™-Xp- apX¬ Dd°w \jvS-s∏-´p.

At±lw ktlm-Z-c-]p-X≥ Im°pÆn°v kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ Fgp-

Xnb Hcp IØv CubnsS ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. AXn¬, cmXn Dd°w

Xosc In´p-∂n-s√-∂pw, Dd°w In´m-\p≈ Hcp Im®nb FÆ Xe-

bn¬ tX®p Ipfn-°m-\mbn Ip∂w-Ip-f-Øp-\n∂p Xøm-dm°n Ab-®p-

sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂p F∂ hnhcw tPmk^v am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ h√msX Xf¿Øn-°-f-™p. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-

°o-kns\ Xm≥ £Wn®phcp-Øn-b-Xm-sW-¶nepw Nne \∑-Iƒ-

s°m∏w Ipsd tZmlhpw At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂v G¬t°≠n h∂p.

""D]mbw Nn¥ sN-øp-tºmƒ, A]mbw IqSn Hm¿°Ww'' F∂ ]©-

X¥ IY ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ icn°pw en®p.

]£n-°p-™p-ßsf Xn∂ ]mºns\ sIm√m≥ ]£n-Iƒ Hcp Iocn-

bpsS klmbw tXSn. Iocn ]mºns\ sIm∂p. ]n∂oSv Iocn ]£n-

°p-™p-ß-sfbpw Xn∂p. AXp-t]m-se-bmbn ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-

°okv _mhm-bpsS ae¶cbnse ]hr-Øn. ]me-°p-∂Øv saXm-

®s‚ cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´p. AtX-k-abw ae-¶-c-

k`-bpsS P∑-kn-≤-amb kzmX¥yw At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v

Hcp ]cn-[n- hsc ASn-b-d -sh-bvt°-≠-Xmbpw h∂p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬

Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn Ipsd DS-s°√mw D≠m-°n-btij-amWv ]tXmkv

]mXn-b¿°okv Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. hnkvX-c- -b-Øm¬ B mKw Rßƒ

hnSp-I-bm-Wv. ]c-kv]cw kwkm-cn-°p-I-t]mepw sNømØ \ne-bn¬

Imcy-ßƒ sNs∂-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. B hI-bn¬ Hcp sNdnb apS°pw

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]n∂oSv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂p- In-ń.

]t£ P\-ß-fp-tS-bpw, kl-sa-Xm-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]oXn-bpw, hm’-

eyhpw, ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb _lp-am-\hpw th≠X ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ apS-s°∂

Hme-∏m-ºn\v H∂pw sNøm≥ Ign-™n-√. DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-Ø-c-W-sa∂v

48 B\-∏m∏n

]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿°okv ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv \n¿_-‘-

ambn Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n ae-¶-ck-`-bpsS kzmX-

¥yØn\v lm\n-I-c-am-Ip∂ AØcw Hcp DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m≥

Xøm-dm-bn-√.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bmbn Zo¿L-\mƒ tkh-

\-a-\p-jvTn® At¥ymJym `‡-\mb C. Fw. ^nen∏ns‚ Hcp IØv

hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ lmP-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AXv D≤-cn®v CUv. Fw.

]mtd´v Nne hkvXp-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. B `mKw ae-¶c

\km-Wn-Iƒ aq∂mw hmey-Øn¬ \n∂v (t]Pv 377) Xmsg-s°m-Sp-

°p∂p:

""A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Chn-tSbv°v ]pd-s∏-´p Ign™p

F∂p≈ hm¿Ø tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ h√msX Ipep-

°n-°-f-™p. CZw-]-Y-a-ambn ae-¶c kµ¿in® At¥ymJym ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]tXmkv XrXo-b-\p-am-bp-≠mb i_vZ-c-ln-X-amb cq£-

k-a-c-Øns‚ Xn‡-kva-c-W-Iƒ DW¿∂-Xm-W-Xn\p Imc-Ww. 1911

am¿®v 3˛mw XobXn C. Fw. ^nen∏v, C. sP. tPmWn\v Fgp-Xnb Hcp

IØv hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ _n. C. A°-ambn lmP-cm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ckm-

h-l-ßfmb Nne XXz-ß-fpw, A`n-]m-b-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ B

IØn¬ ]d-bp∂p: "".... -Imew sNbvX ]mXn-b¿°okv (]-tXmkv

XrXo-b≥) i¬aqkm Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°-W-sa∂v Imew-sNbvX saXm-

t\mSv (tPm-k^v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv) Bh-iys∏´p. apS-°n-°-f-bp-sa∂v

òjWns∏Sp-Øp-I-t]mepw sNbvXp. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv km≤y-a-

s√∂v Xo¿Øp -]-d-™p. ]mXn-b¿°okv Aßp -t]mbn. AX- Xs∂.

... \√ ]mb-Øn¬ ]tXmkv XrXo-bs‚ òj-Wn-Isf Ah-K-Wn-

°p-I-tbm, X¥-ßsf adp-X-¥-ßƒsIm≠v \njv^-e-am-°p-Itbm

sNbvhm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. htbm-hr-≤-\pw, tcmK-

_m-[n-X\pw Bb-t∏m-gmWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ ]pd-∏mSv

kw_-‘n® hnhcw e`n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-]m-b-K-Xnbpw ]h¿-

Ø\coXn-Ifpw 1050-˛52-˛¬ icn-°v a\-n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v

kwL- \w Hgn-hm-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bn-s√∂pw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Adn-

bm-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww.''

""hfsc hf-sc-°mew ae-¶-c-bn¬ Hcp `n£mw-tZln F∂ \ne-

bn¬ F√m-h-tcbpw ]oWn-∏n-°m≥ ian-®p Ign-™p-h∂ …o_m

siΩm-i-s\ am¿ A_vZp≈m saXm-\mbn Db¿Øn F∂pw, ]pXnb

saXm≥ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v ae-¶-csaXm-t∏m-eoØ F∂ \ne-

bnepw Fgp CS-h-I-Ifpw AX-Xns‚ saXm≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw `cn-

49B\-∏m∏n

°p-∂-Xn\p kvXmØn-t°m≥ sImSp-Øn-´p-s≠∂pw Adn-™Xv

tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ITn-\-ambn thZ-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. HkvXm-

Øn-tbm-kv, tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Imew H∂p Ign-bs´,

`cWw \S-Øp-∂Xv Fßs\ F∂v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp°pw F∂v hoºn-

f-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂Xv hln-°m-\pw, kln-°m\pw htbm-[n-I-\mb saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v Ign-hn-√m-Xmbn.''

GXm-bmepw am¿ A_vZp≈m hcp∂p F∂p Xo¿®-s∏-´-tXm-Sp-IqSn

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Btcm-Ky-\ne hfsc tami-am-bn. tIm´bw

sNdn-b-]-≈n-bn¬ hmX-tcmK NnIn-’bv°v hnt[-b-\m-bn-cp∂ saXm-

t∏m-eo-ØmbpsS tcmK-K-Xn°v s]s´∂v am‰w kw`-hn-®p.

\b-tIm-hn-Z-\mb At±-lw, ]mXn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cp-ambn Xpd∂

kwL-´-\-Øn\v CS-bm-°m-sX-bpw, ae-¶-c-bpsS P∑-kn-≤-amb

kzmX¥yw hn´p-sIm-SpØv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw Ign-°m≥ FX-

amXw ]Wn-s∏´p F∂v ]d-bm-h-X-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ am¿

A_vZp-≈msb kam-[m-\s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-t\m, Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xnt\m th≠Xv sNbvhm≥ Xm≥ Cl-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√

F∂v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu L´-Øn¬ ]pXnb

saXm-∑m¿ c≠p-t]cpw Hcp-an®p \n¬t°-≠Xv k`-bp-sS-bpw, kap-Zm-

b-Øn-s‚bpw c£bv°v AXym-hiy-am-sW∂v \n›-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xn-\m¬, tcmKn-bmb tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Ahsc Ccp-h-scbpw

hnfn-®p-h-cp-Øn. At∏mƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

B B-tem-N-\-I-fpsS hnhcw [cn-®m¬ Ipg∏w D≠m-Ip-sa∂v \n›-

b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ft¥m Imcyw D≠m°n At±-lsØ ]mW-

º-Sn-∏-≈n-bn-te°v ]d-™-b-®p. AXn-\p-tijw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-

t\-bpw, am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn-t\bpw tcmK-°n-S-°-bpsS kao-]Øv hnfn-

®n-cp-Øn, am¿ A_vZp≈m h∂m¬ D≠m-Im≥ CS-bp≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ

Ahsc [cn-∏n-®p. F¥p -h-∂mepw Ccp-hcpw Htc \ne-bn¬ H∂n®p

Xs∂ \n¬°-W-sa∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Imcyw a\-n-em-

°nb sIm®p-sa-Xm-®-∑m¿, hen-b-sa-Xm-®s‚ D]-tZiw inc-m-h-ln-

®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Dd∏p sImSp-Øp. AXv Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]c-kv]cw

Benw-K\w sNøn-®p. Xs‚ k`-bp-sSbpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw `mhn

Ah-cpsS ssII-fn¬ kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p≈ ]Xo-£-tbm-

Sp-IqSn am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm 1084 anYp\w

28-˛mw XobXn (1909) Imew sNbvXp. arX-i-cocw k`-bpw, PmXnbpw

hn[n-®n-´p≈ k¿∆-hn[ NS-ßp-I-tfm-Sp-IqsS ]nt‰-∂mƒ ]gbskan-

\mcn Nm∏-en¬ AS°w sNbvXp.''

50 B\-∏m∏n

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Cw•-≠nepw a‰pw t]mb-tijw

t_mws_-bn¬ C∂-Zn-hkw h∂p-tN-cp-sa∂ hnh-c-Øn\v Hcp Znhkw

Iºn h∂p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, tIm\m´v a¬]m≥, C. Fw. nen∏v,

sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f, ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿

]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\mbn t_mws_bv°v

t]mbn. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°pw ]cn-hm-c-ßƒ°pw t_mws_-

bn¬ h∂-tijw Duńbn¬ h®v aZmkv Kh¿Æ-dp-ambn A`n-ap-J-

Z¿i\w \S-tØ-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Atßm-´mWv t\sc t]mb-Xv.

]n∂oSv F√m-hcpwIqSn Ip∂w-Ip-fØv h∂p-tN¿∂p. A∂v sjm¿Æq¿

hsc amXta Xoh-≠n-∏mX D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-

°okv _mhmbpw sjm¿Æq¿ h∂n-dßn Ip∂w-Ip-f-tØ°v hcn-I-bm-

Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ipd-®p-\mƒ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv Xma-kn-®-tijw BtLm-j-

]q¿∆w tIm´bw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-

c-Øp- t]mbn almcmPm-hp-ambn IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn-b-tijw ]gb

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.

]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse Xma-k-°m-eØv ae-¶-c-k-`sb At¥ym-

Jy≥ kmam-PyØn-s‚ tImf-\n-bm°n `cn-°m-\p≈ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ D≈n-en-cp∏v Iptds» ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta\n AXn\v hnLm-X-ambn \n¬°p∂p F∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv a\-

n-em-°n-b-tXmsS At±-lsØ iIm-cn-°m-\pw, apjn™v kwkm-cn-

°m\pw XpS-ßn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]q¿∆ sshcn-Iƒ Cu

]‰nb Ah-kcw apX-se-Sp-°m≥ th≠ Icp-°ƒ \o°n. CX-dn™v

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-Iq-en-Iƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v th≠

]n≥_ew sImSp-°m≥ apt∂m-´p- h-∂p.

cwKw AtXmsS NqSp-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. doØn¬ t]mb B¿®v

_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv "Kncn-Zo]w' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ hc-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw A\-¥-c- kw-`-h-

ßsf°pdn®pw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv hcp∂

ImeØv ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv (B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-

tbm-kns‚ sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂ ImesØ t]cv) Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-

bnse G‰hpw hnZym-k-º-∂-\pw, ]K-¤-\p-amb sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v k`-bpsS F√m cwK-ß-fnepw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ At±lw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. "Kncn-Zo-]-'Øn¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-

\nbpw XΩn-ep-≠mb A`n-]mb hyXym-k-ß-fpsS hnh-c-ßƒ sImSp-

Øn-´p-≈Xv Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p (Kncn-Zo]w, t]Pv 9):

""]pcm-X\Imew apXte ae-¶-c-bn¬ Bflo-b-hpw, euIn-I-hp-amb

51B\-∏m∏n

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ k`m-`-cWw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv ae-¶-c-sa-Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-

∑m-cm-Wv. ioa-bn¬ \n∂p h∂ Nne ta¬]-´°m¿ `c-W-hn-jb-Øn¬

]th-in-°pI hgn-bmbn ]e Ipg-∏-ßƒ°pw kwK-Xn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-

Xn-\m¬ ae-¶c k`m-kw-_-‘-amb euInIImcy-ß-fn¬ ioa-sa-Xm-

∑m¿ ]th-in-®p-IqSm F∂pw, Bflob hnj-b-Øn¬ k`sb klm-

bn-∏m≥ amXta Ah¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≈p-sh∂pw Xocp-am-\-ap-≠m-bn.

1063-˛se tdmb¬ tIm¿´v hn[n t\m°n-bm¬ CXp ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xm-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-s\-Xn-cmbn ae-¶-c-k- -ta¬ euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Dƒ-

`c-Whpw X\n°v In´-W-sa∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm BK-ln-®p.

ap≥Im-eØv Hcp saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS euIn-

Im-[n-Imcw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\p-≈-Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v DS-ºSn sImSp-

Øn- n-s√-∂pw, Aßs\ Hcp \S-]-Sntb ChnsS D≠m-bn- n-s√∂pw Kln-

®n-cp∂ _mhm Ct∏m-gp≈ saXm-∑m¿ F√m-hcpw DS-ºSn Xc-W-

sa∂pw, Aßs\ Xcp-∂-h¿°v amXta taen¬ saXm≥ÿm\w \¬-

Ip-I-bp-≈p-sh∂pw I¬]n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. saXm≥ ÿm\m-`n-tjI

thf-bn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw ]men-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v kΩ-Xn®v hnip≤

aZv_-lm-bn¬ sh®v sImSp-°p∂ "i¬aqkm'bv°p ]pdsa apZ-∏-X-

Øn¬ FgpXn cPn-Ã¿ sNø-s∏-ń-´p≈ Hcp DS-ºSn IqSn thWw

F∂mWv _mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \n¿_‘w F∂v hnti-jn®p ]d-

tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw, am¿

tkth-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Cu Xc-Øn-ep≈ DS-º-Sn-Iƒ

Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øp. Cu DS-º-Sn-bpsS `hn-jyØv Fs¥∂v Kln®

am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb `b∂v Ahn-S-hnsS Np‰n

k©-cn®p h∂n-cp-∂p. ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm Ahn-SpsØ kzcw H∂v

Db¿Øn. X¬£Ww, am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm \n¿±njvS

hmN-I-Øn¬ DS-º-Snbpw \¬In. CsX√mw I≠n´pw h´-t»-cn¬ am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS ZrV-\n-›-b-Øn\v bmsXmcp

hyXn-N-e-\hpw D≠m-bn-√. F¥p-h-∂mepw icn, Aßs\ Hcp-S-ºSn

Xm≥ F-gp-Xp-I-bn-s√∂v At±lw i]Yw sNbvXp. ]e-hn-[-Ønepw

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb hiw-h-Z-\m-°p-hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm ]cn-

i-an-®p. Ah-sbms° ê-iq-\y-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-´-t∏mƒ ""F∂m¬

CXns‚ tZmj-êw \nßƒ A\p-`-hn-°pw. Du¿t«w Cuhm-\n-tbm-

kns‚ IY \nßƒ Adn-™n-´p-≠t√m'' F∂ ]Z-ßƒ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns‚ "Xncp-hm'-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏´v kap-Zm-b-saßpw apgßn.''

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb oj-Wn-s∏-SpØn cPn-Ã¿ DS-ºSn hmßp-

hm≥ hgn-bn-s√∂v I≠-t∏mƒ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb H‰-s∏-SpØn

52 B\-∏m∏n

kapZmb kzØp-°ƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ kqXw

]tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßn. Aflmb SÃn kn. sP. Ipcy-\pw, sshZnI SÃn

tIm\m´p amØ≥ a¬]m\pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSp tN¿∂p \n∂p.

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb HXp-°p-hm≥ th≠ Ffp-∏-h-gn-Iƒ ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn\v A∏-gt∏mƒ D]-tZ-in®p sImSp-°p-∂Xpw Ch-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

1086 CS-h- amkw 20- mw XobXntbmSp-IqSn A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv

_mhmbpw Ipsd A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xmh-f-ap-d-

∏n®p. Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm, bqbm°ow dºm≥, HutK≥ dºm≥, ]mXn-b¿°okns‚

IqsS ioa-bn¬ \n∂v h∂ l∂m dºm≥, Gen-bmkv dºm≥, tIm\m v

a¬]m-\-®≥ F∂n-h¿ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-seØn ]e apdn-I-fn¬ Xma-

kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Aßs\ ]gbskan-\mcn sIń-S-Øns‚ Ingt°

`mKØv aq∂m-asØ \ne-bpw, ]Sn-™mdv `mKØv c≠m-asØ \ne-

bnse hSt° apdn-bpw, IΩn‰n amfnI F∂p hnfn-®p-h-cp∂ `mKhpw

]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-

\nbpw, a´-bv°¬ a¬]m-\-®-\pw, siΩm-i-∑mcpw Xma-kn-®p-h∂

Npcp°w- Nne apdn-I-sfm-gn®v an°- ap-dn-I-fp-sSbpw Xmt°m-ep-I-fpw,

ssIh-ihpw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS A[o-\-Øn-em-bn. ]kvapdn

F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ apdn-bpsS Xmt°mepw SÃn-am-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS

ssIh-i-am-bn. CXns\ XpS¿∂mWv skan-\mcn ka-cn-t°kv Bcw-`n-

®-Xv. CUv. Fw. ]mtd-ńs‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkym-kns\ ""XSpØpIqń -hmcn'' £W-Øn¬ ]pd-sØ-dn™v hnP-

bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp hgn Bbn-´mWv Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ Cu tIkns\

ho£n-®-sX-∂mWv [cn-t°-≠-Xv. ka-cn-t°-kn¬ hnPbw e`n-°p-∂-

Xn\v ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eoØmsb apS-°msX bmsXmcp \n¿∆m-l-hp-

an-s√∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-

Ifpw Btem-Nn®v Dd-®p. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv h´-t»-cn¬

Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n-b-Xv. ]gbskan-\mcn-bnse ASpØ apdn-bn¬

Xma-kn-°p∂ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ASn-b-¥n-c-Øn¬ A©¬

am¿§w apS-°p-I¬]\ Ab-bv°p-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. apS-°n\v apºv

sNtø-≠-Xmb bmsXmcp Imt\m-\nI \S-]-Snbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. ta¬-

]-´°mcpsS kp∂-l-tZm-kv IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS kam-[m\w

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-√. Xnc-°p-]n-Sn®p sNbvX Hcp ]mgvthe-

bmbn apS°v Ah-km-\n-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ apS-°n-bm¬ ka-

cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-bmbn hmZn-°p-Ibpw tIkv \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-

Xn\v Atbm-Ky-\mIpw Fs∂mcp ]Xo£ apS-°p-I¬]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-

hn® ImeØv ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\pw, ]m¿iz-h¿Øn-Iƒ°pw D≠m-bn-

53B\-∏m∏n

cp-∂p. ]t£ AsXm∂pw ên-®n-√. ImcWw Ah¿°v th≠ Imcy-

hn-h-ctam \nbahnZym-`ym-ktam C√m-bn-cp-∂p.

hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n sImSp-Øn- p≈ samgn hmbn-

®m¬ ka-cn-t°-kn¬ KpWw In´m-\mbn ]mXn-b¿°okv sNbvX Hcp

ISpw-ssI-bmWv apS-°p-I¬]\ s]s´∂v FgpXn Ab-∏n-®-sX∂v a\-

n-em-°mw. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ anYp\w 30˛mw

XobXn C]-Imcw samgn sImSp-Øp:

""tNmZyw: 86-˛se tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-t°kv D≠m-Im≥ ImcWw

F¥mWv?

DØcw: skan-\m-cn-bpsS Fs‚ ssIhiw hnSp¿Øn 5˛Dw 6˛Dw

]Xn-Iƒ°v ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±iytØmSp-IqSn Ah¿

]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\m¬ D≠m-b-XmWv ka-cn-t°-kv. AXn-\m¬ Ah¿

BZy-ambn ]h¿Øn®Xv Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xns\ ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-

cn®p ]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v hnizm-k-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ A∂sØ skan-\mcn

amt\-P¿ a -bv°¬ a¬]ms\ amt\-P¿ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v Hgn®v thsdm-

cp-hs\ X¬ÿm-\Øv \nb-an-°m≥ ian-®-Xm-Wv. \nb-an-°m≥ ian-

®Xv tXm-akv F∂p t]cp≈ Ahn-SpsØ Hcp ssd´-sd-bm-Wv. B

ssd´¿ hgn-bmbn GXm\pw apdn-I-fpsS Xmt°m-epw, IW-°p-_p-°p-

Ifpw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn.

tijw saXm-∑m¿ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p cPn-Ã¿ DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-

s°m-Sp-Ø-]-Imcw Rm≥ DS-ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-°m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv

Hcp apS°v I¬]\ F\n-°-b-®-Xv. F∂m¬ B kµ¿`-Øn¬ Ab-

bv°m-\p≈ ImcWw ka-cn-t°-knse I£n-h¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v Fs∂

Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn-´m-Wv.''

ka-cn-t°-kn\v KpWw In´m-\mbn apS-°p-X¥w D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂

Btcm-]Ww km[q-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥ 1086 anYp\w

10˛\v tIm´bw Unhn-j≥ H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬

sImSpØ l¿Pn. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ""Cu tInse FXn¿ l¿-Pn-

°m-cs\ ]mXn-b¿°okv CShw 27˛\v saXm≥ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v

\o°n. apS-°n-\m¬ H∂mw FXn¿I-£n-bpsS saXm≥ ÿm\w t]mbn-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu ka-cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-ÿm-\Øv h®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip∂p.''

\nb-a-Øns‚ F. _n. kn. Un. Adn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø-h-cpsS CØcw

Zp¿_-e-amb hmZ-sam∂pw tImSXn kzoI-cn-®n-√. apS-°p -aqew ]mXn-

54 B\-∏m∏n

b¿°okpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Dt±-in® ]tbm-P-\-sam∂pw AXp-sIm≠v

D≠m-bn-√. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb \njv]bmkw \njv]-`-\m-°p-

hm≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv sXmSp-Øp-hn´ apS-°m-Ip∂ _“mkvXw

e£yw ]ng®v A\-¥-amb hnlm-b-ns‚ \oen-a-bn¬ Fhn-sStbm

t]mbn Xpe-™p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ sImSpØ l¿Pn-bn-t∑¬ D≠mb

hn[n Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p: ""ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ ÿm\-

ap-dbv°v SÃn Bbn skan-\m-cn-bn-t∑¬ A[n-Imcw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-

cp∂ Bfns‚ saXm≥ÿm\w apS°v hgn \jvS-s∏-´-tXmsS SÃn

ÿm\hpw t]mbn, AXp-sIm≠v ka-cn-t°-kn¬ I£n-bmbn XpS-

cm≥ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v Ah-Im-i-an√ F∂pw At±-lsØ I£n-

ÿm-\-Øp-\n∂v \o°-W-sa-∂pap≈ At]£ tImSXn A\p-h-Zn-®n√.

ka-cn-t°-kn¬ hnhm-Z -hkvXp BcpsS ssIh-i-Øn-em-sW-∂mWv

Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xv. A√msX ssIhiw h®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ I£n-

Iƒ°p≈ Ah-Im-i-a-√. AXn-\m¬ l¿Pn-°m-cs‚ At]£ Cu

L´-Øn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn√ F∂v B l¿Pn sImSpØ

Znhkw Xs∂ aPn-kvtS‰v DØ-chv CSp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''

F©n-\o-b¿ sI. sI. Ipcp-hn-f, I≠-Øn¬ Cu∏≥ h°o¬, a´-

bv°¬ a¬]m≥ XpS-ßnb GXm\pw ]apJ km£n-Isf hnkvX-

cn®v, ka-cn-t°kv BZy- tIm-SXn hn[n 1087 Nnßw 19-˛\v ]Jym-]n-®p.

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-®mWv aPn-kvtS‰v cmL-hm-

Nmcn Xo¿∏v I¬]n-®-Xv. ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKw apS-°n-eqsS hf¿Øn-

s°m-≠p-h∂ BIm-i-t°m´ AtXmsS XI¿∂p hoWp.

ka-cn-t°kv ImeØv ]gbskan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw tImS-Xn-bpsS A[o-

\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS‰v cmL-hm-Nm-cn-bpsS hn[n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ ]ns‰Znhkw hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v \S-Øn-

s°m-Sp-Øp. tIkns‚ Bcw`w hsc a‰v SÃn-Iƒ°pw Iq´-h-Imiw

F∂p≈ coXn-bn¬ ssIh-i-tam, A[n-Im-ctam D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂

k¶¬]w AtXmsS am™p-t]m-bn.

]Xn-Im-c-hn-j-Pzme G‰ tIm\m´v a¬]m-\pw, kn. sP. Ipcy\pw

aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ hn[n-bn-t∑¬ sslt°m¿ń¬ dnhnj≥ sImSp-Øp.

]mtd-ńs‚ ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw \mev t]Pv 414-˛¬ \n∂v

GXm\pw hmN-I-ßƒ D≤-cn-°p-∂p: ""No^v PÃokv Fw. IrjvW≥

\mb¿, Fw. sI. cma-N-µ-dmhp F∂n-h¿ hmZw tI´v 1087 [\p 4˛\v

IogvtIm-S-Xn-bpsS PUvPvsa‚ v Aÿn-c-s∏-SpØn hn[n-®p. am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS hnZym-

`ym-k-Øns‚ Npa-Xe hln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v

55B\-∏m∏n

Iq´p-S-Ãn-am-cpsS ssIhiw C√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂n-√. Ah¿ ]mXn-b¿-

°o-kn\v DS-ºSn sImSp-°p-Itbm B hn[-Øn¬ SÃn\v lm\n-I-c-

ambn ]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-ń-√. Iq´p-S-Ãn-I-fpsS ssIh-isØ

l\n-°-Ø-°-hn[w saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ssIh-i-ap-≈-Xm-bn-´√

Hm¿U-dn¬ ]d-™n- p-≈-Xv. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ssIhiw, SÃn\p

Iq´p SÃn-I-fpsS ssIh-isØ [zwk\w sNøp∂p F∂v A¿∞-am-

Ip-∂n-√. Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v skan-\m-cn-bn-t∑epw I¿Øhyw Ds≠∂v

sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ-Iƒ tIkn¬ D≠v.

""CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hcp-∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw, tIm SÃn

Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cn°p Iq´-h-Imiw Ds≠-∂mWv.''

Cu hn[n-tbmsS, XWpØp InS-∂n-cp∂ k`m-¥-co£w s]s´∂v

NqSmbn. ]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p: ""shSn-a-cp-∂n¬ Xos∏mcn hogp∂ Xc-Øn-

ep≈ ê-amWv sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS Cu hn[n -sIm≠v D≠m-b-Xv.

tIm SÃn-Iƒ°pw ssIh-i-tam, ssIh-im-h-Im-itam Ft¥m F√m-

ap-s≠∂v sslt°m-SXn Xocp-am-\n® £W-Øn¬ AXv ""Gń¬ \n∂v

]b-‰n-te°v'' sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p SÃn-Iƒ Hcp-ßn. ka-cn-t°-kns‚

Bcw- -Øn¬ P]vXn sNbvXp tIm¿ -[o-\Øn¬ FSp-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv

ssIh-i-°m-c≥ F∂v I¬]n®p am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\v \S-Øn-s°m-

Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXh F√mw Xßƒ°pw ssIhiw Ds≠∂v ÿm]n-

°p-∂-Xn\v Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ ian-®p. kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A°c IpSpw-_-

Øns‚ kzm[o-\-h-e-b-Øn¬s∏´ `mKØv InS-°p∂ skan-\mcn ]pc-

bn-Shpw a‰pw ""ssIh-i-''s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p Ipsd Bfp-Isf \ntbm-

Kn-°m≥ A∂v sshjayw H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ hcp-∂-hsc

_ew sIm≠p-Xs∂ XS-bp-∂-Xn\p ae-¶c kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw ]Wn

H∂p-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ B≤ym-fln-I-tem-I-tØ-bv°p≈

]th-i\Zzmc-tam, Ahn-tSbv°v IS-°m-\p≈ am¿§w a‰p-≈-h¿°v

ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-hsc ]cnio-en-∏n°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tIµtam Bbn-

cp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn Hcp ka-c-cw-K-am-bn. Ccp-`m-K-°mcpw Ah-cpsS

Ah-Im-i-ßƒ _ew-sIm≠v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p ssI°-cp-Øp-≈-hsc

Ahn-tSbv°v \ntbm-Kn-®p.

56 B\-∏m∏n

V

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ASnskan-\m-cn-bnepw, AXn-t\mSp tN¿∂pInS-°p∂ hnim-e-amb

sXßn≥tXm-∏nepw Xßƒ°pw Xpey-A-h-Im-iap-s≠∂v sXfnbn-

°m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSv tN¿∂p-\n∂ Aflmb SÃn-bpw, sshZnI

SÃnbpw InW™v ]cn-iaw XpS-ßn. A∂v ]k-cn-∏p≈ Hcp bphm-

hm-bn-cp∂ CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v kz¥ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬

ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ \memw hmey-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ncn-XsØ

sh√p∂ Hcp hnh-cWw a‰v B¿s°-¶nepw Fgp-Xm≥ ]‰ptam F∂v

tXm∂p-∂n-√. kap-Zmb cmjvSo-b-Øn¬ ASn-tbmfw B≠v apßn-°-

gn-™n-cp∂ ]mtd-ńs‚ hm°p-I-fpsS X∑-b-Xzhpw HmPpw H∂v

thsd -X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]mtd´v XpS¿∂v Fgp-Xp-∂p (t]Pv 415): ""skan-

\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ \n∂v tXßm CSp-hn®v ssIhiw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn\v GXm\pw ]c-h-cpw, Ah-cpsS tZl-c-£-bv°mbn \mÍw sNdn-

bm≥ F∂ XSn-bs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ipsd duUn-Ifpw Bbn, SÃn-

I-fpsS ]£sØ Hcp ]_-e≥ ao\w 16˛mw XobXn ]pd-s∏-´p. ]c-h-

cp-ambn h∂-h-tcmSv FXn¿°m≥ B \ne-bn¬ D≈-h¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-bpsS ]£Øv At∏mƒ AhnsS lmP-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw

sImXp-In‚X hen-∏-ap≈ skan-\mcn amt\-P¿ a´-bv°¬ Ae-Ivk-

¥-tbmkv IØ-\m¿, Ah-tcmSv FXn-cn´p. At±-l-tØm-sSm-∂n®v

Ht∂m ct≠m siΩm-i-∑m¿ amX-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.''

amΩ≥ am∏nf

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v FXnsc A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Nne-

cpsS D]-tZ-i-]-Imcw ]tbm-Kn® Ip]-kn-≤-amb apS-°p-I¬]-\,

XpS¿∂p-≠mb kwL¿jm-hÿ, ]gbskan-\mcn-bnse kvt^mS-\m-

fl-I-amb ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-

f-bpsS ""PohnX kvac-W-I-fn¬'' khn-kvXcw ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.

AXns‚ kwKlw NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

Aß-s\-bn-cns° Hcp Znhkw, saXm≥ ]£sØ Hcp ]amWn

h∂v, A∂v Fs¥-¶nepw _l-f-ap-≠m-tb-°m-sa∂pw Rßfpw IqSn

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂v Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ]ecpw

t]mIm≥ aSn-®p. Rm≥ t]mcm-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ]t£ Ahn-Sw- hsc

\S-°m≥ Fs∂-s°m≠v km[y-a-√. h≠n-°m-cm-sW-¶n¬ Pohs\

57B\-∏m∏n

amΩ≥ am∏nf h∂ ÿnXn°v C\n Chn-sS-\n∂v shfn-bn-te°v Fßpw

t]mI-≠. kq£n-°Ww'' F∂p ]d™v Fs∂ Z-ambn Hcp apdnbn¬

sIm≠p-sN-∂n-cp-Øn, Imh-en\p th≠ N´wsI´p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F¶nepw Ipsd Ign-™-t∏mƒ Rm≥ B apdn-bn¬ \n∂v shfn-bn-en-

dßn, Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Aßp-anßpw CjvSw-t]mse \S-∂p.

B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv

Aßs\ Ccp-]-£-°mcpw _e-]-co£W- kw-L-´-\-Øn\p Xøm-

dmbn \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. AXn-\n-S-bn¬ aZm-kn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Fs‚

A\p-P≥ sI. kn. Nmt°mbv°v £b-tcmKw IqSp-X-em-I-bm¬ Rm≥

Ipsd-\mƒ aZm-kn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ \mń-ep-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ FXn¿

]£-°m¿ F\n°v Pohm-]mbw hcp-Øm≥ CS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂v

]n∂oSv tI´-dn-™p. _mhm ]£-°m-cpsS H∂mw \º¿ iXp h´-t»-

cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw c≠mw \º¿Im-c≥ Rm\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. at\m-

ca aptJ\ saXm≥]£-Øn\p ]Nm-c-Whpw kwL-S-\m-_-ehpw

Rm≥ \¬In-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p Ft∂m-Sp≈ ITn\ hntcm-[-Øn\p

ImcWw. F∂m¬ A∂sØ Fs‚ temI-]-cn-N-b-°p-d-hp-sImt≠m

Ft¥m, s]mXp-Im-cy- a-’-c-ß-fn¬ a\p-jys\ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂v

Rm≥ Atijw `mh\ sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. FXn¿ ]£-°m-cpsS

hntcm[w, kz¬]-am-bn-s´-¶nepw Ah¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv, F\n°v

A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp∂p Ft∂-bp-≈p.

Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ hgn-bn¬

sI. kn.

amΩ≥ am∏nf

t]Sn-®n´v, FX cq] Iqen sImSp-Ømepw

B hgn°v t]mIp-I-bn-√. A∂p sshIp-

t∂cw C°-Y-I-sfm∂pw Adn-hn-√mØ Hcp

Imf-h-≠n-°m-c≥ AhnsS t]mIm≥ Hcp

cq] Iqen tNmZn -®p. Aßs\ Rm≥

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-se-Øn.

hfsc NqSp-]n-Sn® Hc-¥-co-£-amWv

AhnsS I≠-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n°v Fs∂ I≠-

t∏mƒ at\m-hn-j-a-amWv D≠m-b-Xv. Ahn-

Sp∂v Cßs\ tNmZn-®p. ""amΩ≥ am∏nf

F¥n-\mWv Ct∏mƒ Ctßm´p h∂Xv?

amΩ≥ am∏n-f-tbm-Sm-Wt√m Ah¿°v IqSp-

X¬ hg°v? F\n°v F¥pw h∂p-sIm-≈-

s´. AXp Rm≥ Iq´m-°p-∂n-√. GXm-bmepw

58 B\-∏m∏n

h®v AhnsS IqSn-\n-∂n-cp∂ FXn¿ ]£-°m¿ Fs∂ A]-am-\n-°m≥,

Fs‚ tZlØp sh≈w sXdn-∏n-®p. B kw`-hhpw Ipsd Ii-]n-i-

bp-≠m-°n.

_mhm-bp-sSbpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw tZl-c-£-bv°p-th-≠n

Ccp-Iq-ćpw Zqc-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂v Nnesc hcpØn Xma-kn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

_mhm ]£-°m-cpsS t\Xmhv Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b-\pw,

saXm≥ ]£sØ t\Xmhv Xncp-h-√m-°m-c-\mb ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂

Hcp òa-Im-b-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu B\-∏m-∏nsb ]n∂oSv FXn¿]-£-°m¿ Nne¿ IqSn sIm√p-

Ibpw, AXv ]t£m-`-P-\-I-amb tIm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p.

sIme-t°kv apdp-In-h-∂-t∏mƒ Iam-ep-Zo≥ \mSp-hn v Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏mbn.

]n∂oSv Abmsf ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p ]nSn-°m≥ Bcpw ian-®n-√.

hfsc h¿jw Ign™v CSbv°v ct≠m aqt∂m ]mhiyw thj-

]-NvO-∂-\mbn Bcp-a-dn-bmsX Abmƒ tIm´-bØp h∂p-t]m-bn-´p-

s≠∂pw XZ-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ Xm≥ apºp sNbvX kml-k-ß-sf-∏‰n

cl-ky-ambn Nne am\y-∑m-tcmSv kΩ-Xn-®n- p-s≠∂pw tIń- p-≠v. saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømsb h[n-°m-\mbn Abmƒ GWn- h®v apdn-bn¬ Ib-dm≥

aq∂p XhW ian-®n-cp-∂p- t]m-epw. aq∂p Xh-Wbpw GWn hgp-Xn,

Abmƒ Xmsg hoWp-t]m-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv.

]gbskan-\mcn, ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ h´-t»-

cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ F∂o

aq∂p-t]cpw tN¿∂v ae-¶c bmt°m-_mb k`-bpsS tPmbn‚ v SÃn-

I-fpsS ssIh-im-h-Im-i-Øn-em-sW∂v Hcp tImSXnhn[n apºp-≠m-

bn-´p-≠v. h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm apS-

°n-bXp \nanØw, SÃn ÿm\w _m°n-bp≈ c≠p t]cn-embn hn´p-

In-´Ww F∂v Ah¿ Hcp tIkv sImSp-Øp. ]t£ apS°p kzoI-cn-

°mØ Ime-tØm-fw, B apS°v Xs‚ SÃn ÿm\sØ _m[n-°p-

I-bn-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hmZw. Cu X¿°-Øn¬

]gbskan-\mcn, SÃn-Iƒ aq∂p-t]cpw s]mXp-hmbn h®p-sIm-≈Ww

F∂m-bn-cp∂p hn[n. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]gbskan-\mcn bYm¿∞-Øn¬

ssIhiw hbv°p-∂Xv D`-b-I-£n-I-fpsS _em-_ew sIm≠v \n›-

bn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p- Iq-Sn.

Aß-s\-bn-cn-s°, Hcp Znhkw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A\p-P≥,

A°sc sIm®p-]m∏n Ipsd BfpItfmSp-IqSn ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS

]Sn-™m-dp≈ sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ sN∂p tXß-bn-So-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

59B\-∏m∏n

skan-\m-cn-bpsS hS-°p-`m-K-Øp≈ FSp-∏n¬ amfn-I-ap-dn-bn¬ \n∂n-

cp∂ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ skan-\mcn amt\-P¿

a´-bv°¬ henb aev]m-\-®\pw CXp I≠p. Cu ssItb-‰sØ XS-

bm-\mbn a¬∏m-\-®≥ GI-\mbn t\sc -sN∂p tXß-bn-So-°-cp-sX∂v

hne-°n. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn A°q-´¿ a¬∏m-\-®s\ ]l-cn-°m≥

Bcw-`n-°p-IbmWv sNbvX-Xv. skan-\m-cn-bpsS sX°p-h-i-Øp≈

amfnI-bpsS CS-\m-gn-bn¬ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw tIm\m´p

a¬]m\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ \S-°p∂ ]lcw

t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. X\n-°p-th≠n a¬]m-\-®≥ ]lcw

G¬°p-∂Xp I≠v ""hcp-∂-Xp -h-c-s´, CXn-e-∏pdw C\n hcm-s\m-∂p-

an-√-t√m. GXm-bmepw Rm≥ Hcp ssI t\m°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah-scs∂

sIm√p-am-bn-cn-°pw. sIm√-s´, AXn\p apºmbn Iqdn-temkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ø-msbbpw ]nSn®psIm-≠v Rm≥ Xńs‚ apI-fn¬ \n∂v Xmsg

NmSpw.'' Cßs\ Dd-®p-sIm≠v h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØm hÆhpw

\ofhpw D≈ Hcp hSn-sb-SpØv tIm\m´v a¬]m\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw

\n¬°p-∂-Xn\p ]pd-In-seØn. c≠p ssI sIm≠pw hSn B™p-

b¿Øn k¿∆-i-‡nbpw ]tbm-Kn®v tIm\m´v a¬]ms‚ ]pdØp

Xo¿sØm-cSn sImSp-Øp. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ ITn-\-th-Z-\-sIm≠p ]pf-

™p-t]m-bn.

ASpØ £W-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Iqćpw Xs∂ X√n-s°m-

∂p-I-f-bp-sa-∂mWv saXm-t∏m-eoØm ]Xo-£n-®-Xv. ]t£ Aß-

s\-b√ kw`-hn-®-Xv. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]nSn®p

XS-™p-sIm≠v ""Xncp-ta\n tIm]n-°-cpXv'' F∂p ]d-bp-I-bmWv D≠m-

b-Xv. tIm]m-hnjvT-\mb saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ipcys‚ t\sc Xncn-™v,

""\ns‚ Xncp-ta\n'' F∂p ]p—-`m-h-Øn¬ K¿÷n-®p-sIm≠v kn. sP.

Ipcys‚ ssIbv°v Hcp X´p- sIm-SpØv Cßs\ XpS¿∂p:

""Xm≥ AX acym-Z-°m-c-\m-sW-¶n¬ a¬]m-\-®s\ X√p∂ Xs‚

A\p-Ps\ BZyw Cßp Xncnsb hnfn-°q. F∂n´v am≤yÿyw

]dbmw.''

DSs\ kn. sP. Ipcy≥, ""FSm sIm®p-]m-∏n, Cßp-hcq'' F∂v

A\p-Ps\ Xncnsb hnfn-°p-Ibpw sIm®p-]m-∏nbpw Iq´p-Imcpw a¬∏m-

\-®s\ hn´p Xncnsb t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

_mhm˛sa-Xm-t∏m-eoØm I£n-°m¿ XΩn-ep≈ AI-a-]-k-‡-

amb a’-c-ßƒ aqØp-h∂v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS h[-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-

I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. AXm-bn-cp∂p AI-a-]-c-º-c-bpsS aq¿≤-\y-L´w.

60 B\-∏m∏n

B Inan-\¬ tIkns‚ t¢i-ßƒ sIm≠pw _≤-∏m-Sp-IƒsIm≠pw

Imcy-ßƒ Ign-™-tXmsS AI-a-]-k-‡n-bpsS L´w Xmt\ ian®p.

]n∂o-S-h¿ knhn¬ tIkp-Iƒ°v t]mbn-´p-≈-tX-bp-≈p.

hń-∏-W-t°kv

hń-∏-W-t°-kns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v ]ecpw shdpw FÆm-bn-c-

Øn¬∏cw cq]-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Cu Hcp hg-°m-Wt√m kap-Zm-

bsØ \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂pw a‰pw ]d-bm-dp≠v. B XpI In´-W-sa-

∂p≈ ZrtV-—- am-X-amWv Cu \o≠ hg-°ns‚ ASn-ÿm\w F∂p

hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xp XnI®pw icn-bm-bn-cn-°n-√. hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬, kwJy-

tb-°mƒ ]m[m\yw I¬]n-®n-cp-∂Xv B ]Ww sIń-hm-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈

Ah-Im-i-Øn-\m-Wv. B Ah-Im-i-am-Is´, Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn c≠v

hn`mK-ßƒ XΩn¬ Bhn¿`-hn-®n-´p≈ hym]-I-ßfpw auen-I-ßfpw

_lp-ap-J-ß-fp-amb At\Iw ]iv\-ßsf Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp X¿°-

Øns‚ \n¿Æm-bI e£y-am-Wp- Xm-\pw. X¿°-hn-j-b-ß-fmb

kq£va-X-Xz-ß-fpsS ÿqe-k-t¶-X-ambn amXw hń-∏-WsØ ]cn-K-

Wn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ icn. AXns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-ßƒ Ncn-

X-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp hnhm-Z-Øns‚ Pbm-]-P-b-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. AXmWv bYm¿∞m-h-ÿ.

kn. sP. Ipcy\pw XXv]-£]-[m\nIfpw tN¿∂v A∂sØ

_nójv dkn-U-≠n\v Hcp \nth-Z\w ka¿∏n®p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-

eoØm Bbn-cp∂ h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]mXn-b¿°okv

_mhm apS°n ÿm\-`-jvS-\m-°n-b-Xn-\m¬ am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-bmWv Ct∏mƒ ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb∂pw At±-

lhpw tIm\m´p a¬∏m\pw Xm\p-amWv bmt°m-_mb kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

SÃn-I-sf∂pw, B \nebv°v hń-∏Ww Xßsf G¬∏n-°m≥ DØ-c-

hp-≠m-I-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p \nth-Z-\w. dkn-U≠v [zc, hń-∏Ww kn.

sP. Ipcy\pw Iq´¿°pw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v DØ-c-hn- p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥

]Ww sIń- hm-ßn. Cu hnhcw tI´-t∏mƒ Fs‚ k]vX-\m-Un-Ifpw

kvXw`n-®p-t]m-bn.

apºv am¿tØm-Ωm-°mcpw bmt°m-_m-b-°mcpw XΩn¬ hń-∏-W-

Ø¿°-ap-≠mb-t∏mƒ, aZm-knse AUz-°‰v P\-depw hen-sbmcp

\nb-a-]-fin-X\pw AKm-[- _p-≤n-am-\p-am-bn-cp∂ `mjyw Aø-¶m¿

aZmkv Kh-s◊‚n\p \¬Inb hnZ-Kvt≤m-]-tZiw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p:

""CXn-s\-∏‰n knhn¬ tImSXn hn[n-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-h-sc, Kh-s◊‚ v

hń-∏Ww Hcp knhn¬ tImS-Xn-bn¬ sIń-h-®m¬ aXn.'' AX-\p-k-

61B\-∏m∏n

cn®p aZmkv Kh-s◊‚ v hń-∏Ww sIń-h-®p. tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Ah-

Im-i-hn-Nm-cW Ign-®-tijw, ]Ww bmt°m-_m-b-°m¿°v In´p-Ibm-

Wp-≠m-bXv.

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°n-hnSp∂

ZpxJ-I-c-amb ÿnXn Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\pw k`-bn¬ ]nf¿∏p-≠m-Im-Xn-

cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, saXm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\wHgn™v ]cp-ae skan-\m-

cn-bntem at‰m t]mbn kzÿ-am-bn-cp-∂p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v Hcn-°¬ a≤y-

ÿ-∑m¿ \S-Ønb Hcp k‘n-kw-`m-j-W-at≤y kn. sP. Ipcy-t\mSv

]d-™-Xm-Wv. tIkn\p sNe-hm-°nb XpI Ipcy\p \¬Im-sa∂pw

saXm-®≥ kΩ-Xn-®p. CX-amXw hg-ßn-bn´pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥

Xncn™p \n∂v kuayX ssIsh-Sn™v Iucy-Øns‚ D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬

\n∂v D¤-hn°p∂ kzc-Øn¬ tNmZn-®p.

""A√m, CXbpw Rm≥ hfsc t¢in®p tIkv \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

\nßƒ a≤y-ÿ-∑m¿ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? Ct∏mƒ cmPn ]dbm≥

h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu cmPn B¿°p- th-Ww. Cu cmPn-bpsS Bhiyw

F¥mWv?''

a≤y-ÿ-∑m¿: ""Imcy-ßƒ wKn-bmbn Ah-km-\n-®p-sIm-≈s´ F∂p

Icp-Xn-bmWv cmPn°v DZy-an-®Xv.''

kn. sP. Ipcy≥: ""F¥n\p Imcy-ßƒ wKn-bmbn Ah-km-\n-°Ww?

Ah-c-h¿°p h∂p-tN-cp-∂ A\p-`-h-ßƒ Ah-c-h-c-\p-`-hn-°p-I-bmWv

G‰hpw `wKn. AXp-sIm≠v sslt°m-SXn hn[n-°-\p-k-cn®v Xs∂

Imcy-ßƒ \S-°s´.''

]mtd´v XpS-cp-∂p (\memw hmeyw, t]Pv 418-): skan-\m-cn-bnse

kvt^mS-\m-h-ÿ. a´-bv°¬ a¬]ms\ ""FSp-Øp-am‰n'' tXßm CSp-

hn®p ssIhiw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p \S-Ønb ia-hpw, tIm\m´p a¬]m\p

Inńb kΩm-\hpw A¥-co-£sØ A·n-]¿∆X Kplbv°p Xpeyw

NqSm-°n. skan-\mcn ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Hcp ka-c-Øns‚ ]XoXn D≠m-

hm≥ ]n∂oSv Xmakw D≠m-bn-√. saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ ]tXyI I¿Ø-hyw- ˛ -a‰p c≠p SÃn-I-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬

I¿Ø-hyw -˛ -D-s≠∂v aPn-kvtS‰v Xo¿∏v I¬∏n-°m≥ CS-bm-b-Xv

siΩm-i-∑m¿°v A`y-k\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ "skan-\mcn' AhnsS

\S-Øn-h-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tXßm Cd°n tXm∏p ssIh-i-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥ ]pd-s∏´ \mÍw sNdn-bms\ Hcp siΩm-i≥ ASn®p hogvØn.

B kwL-tØmSv FXn¿Ø a´-bv°¬ a¬]m\p siΩm-i-∑m¿

]n≥_ew sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. Cu c≠v A\p-`-h-ßƒ skan-\m-cn-bnse

62 B\-∏m∏n

sshZn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw \n¿Ø¬ sNøn-°p-∂-Xn\p ian-°m≥ saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]Xn-]-£sØ t]cn-∏n-®p. A]-P-b-Øn¬ Ah-km-

\n® tXßmCd-°p -iaw \S-∂-Xns‚ c≠mw Znhkw cmXn-bn¬

]Øncp-]-Ø©v duUn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqSn-bm-´hpw tImem-l-

e-hp-ambn FØn. siΩm-i-∑m-cpsS apdn-bn-te°v I√pw aÆpw hmcn

Fdn-bp-I-bpw, NoØ ]d-™pw, Ahsc IjWw Ij-W-ambn \pdp-

°p-sa∂v A -l-kn®pw hnc- p-∂-Xn\p ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. siΩmi-

∑m-c-n¬ amXta CXns‚ ]Xym-LmXw D≠m-bn-°qSq F∂n-√-t√m.

A¿≤-cm-Xn-bnse tImem-lew ]nt‰-∂mƒ henb H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°n.

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-°m≥ i-an®p Ft∂m,

G¬]n®p Ft∂m hm¿Ø ]c-∂p. A∂p tIm´-bsØ t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqkv Fs∂mcp ]d¶n Bbn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eo-

Ømbv°pw SÃn-Iƒ°pw skan-\mcn ssIh-i-ap-s≠-∂p≈ sslt°m-

S-Xn-bpsS hnNn-X-X-c-amb A`n-]m-b-]-I-S-\sØ XpS¿∂p-≠m-btXm,

D≠m-°n-btXm Bb kwL¿jm-h-ÿsb ]gn-Nmcn kam-[m-\-

ewL\w Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn tIm -bsØ ]≈n-Iƒ F√mw k¿°m¿

AS-®p-]q-ń. ]gbskan-\mcn Nm∏¬ ao\w 8˛mw XobXn AS-∏n®p.

t\mºp-Im-eØv I¿Ω-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p kuI-cy-an-√msX hcp-

tºmƒ saXm-t∏m-eoØm ÿewhn´p -s]m-bvs°m≈pw F∂p≈ ]Xo-

£-bn-emWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn ]≈n-Iƒ ]qń-

®Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ]£-Øp-≈-h¿ hniz-kn-

®-Xv. ]≈n-Iƒ ]q´p-∂-Xn\v CS-h-c-Ø-°-hn[w aPn-kvtS-‰n\p dnt∏m¿ v

ka¿∏n® t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqns\ tIm SÃn-Iƒ hne-

bv°p-hmßn F∂v s]mXpth A`n-]m-b-ap-≠m-bn. skan-\mcn Nm∏¬

AS-®-Xpw, siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw skan-\mcnhmkn-I-sfbpw duUn-Iƒ

cmXn-Im-eØv sN∂v òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xpw, Ie-i-emb P\-tcm-j-

Øn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. \mSns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw kap-Zm-bm-`n-am-

\n-Iƒ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-Øp-S-ßn. A¥-co£w IqSp-X¬

IqSp-X¬ NqSm-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. B\-∏m∏n sIme-t°-kn¬ 19-˛mw

km£n-bmbn Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sImSpØ samgn-bn¬

A∂sØ AXn-I-ep-j-amb ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ icn°v ]Xn-^-en-°p-

∂p-≠v. B samgn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipd®p Xmsg tN¿°p∂p: ""Ign™

Ipw`w 18-˛mw XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v Hcp ASnIe-i-ep-≠m-bn.

AXn¬ Ft∂-°qSn D]-Z-hn®p F∂pw taen¬ Fs∂bpw a‰pw D]-Z-

hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Hcp tIƒhn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. CXns‚ hmkvX-

h-ÿnXn Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]e ]≈n-°mcpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬

h∂p. \S∂ Imcy-ßƒ Ah¿ tNmZn-®-dn-™p. taen¬ A]-Imcw

63B\-∏m∏n

D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Fs‚ tZl-c-£bv°pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf

Ab-bv°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ IqSn \n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v Fs‚bpw

a‰pw tZl-c-£bv°v ]≈n-°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab®p. Aßs\ ]Øp

]¥≠v ]≈n-°m¿ Ab-®n-´p-≠v. ]pXp-∏-≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n,

a√-∏-≈n, sNß-∂q¿, B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \nc-Ww, Xncp-h√m

Cß-s\-bp≈ ]≈n-°m-cmWv Bfp-Isf Ab-®-Xv. tZl-c-£-°m¿

AhnsS D≈-Xp-sIm≠v AI-a-ßƒ \S-°m-Xn-cn-°-bm-sW∂v F\n°v

tXm∂n-bn- p-≠v. tZl-c-£-°m¿ Cs√-¶n¬ Nne AI-a-ßƒ \S-t∂s\

F∂pw tXm∂n-bn- p≠v. taØ-∑m-cm-sW∂v H‰- Im-gvN- sIm≠v tXm∂nb

Nne¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v h∂n-´p-≠v. Rm≥ Hgn-™p-amdn t]mbn-´p-ap-≠v.

hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn Rm≥ \S-°p-tºmƒ Ch¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v Hgn-™p-

am-dmsX \S-∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠v. am\sØ `b∂p Rm≥ amdn-t∏m-bn-´p-≠v.

taØ-∑m-cpw, tNmh-∑m-cpw, am∏n-f-amcpw Iq´w-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p

XpS-ßn-bXv IrXy-Zn-h-k-Øn\v Dt±iw ]Øp- Zn-hkw apºm-Wv. Ah-

cn¬ an°-t]-cpsS ssIbnepw Ipdp-h-Sn-Ifpw ImWpw. h∂n-´p≈ am∏n-

f-am-cn¬ I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kv, A°c ]m∏≥, ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨,

skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Ip´≥, A\n-b≥ sNdn-bm≥, sXmI-e≥

ho´p-Im-c≥ Hcp sIm®≥, \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ CXbpw Bfp-Isf

amXta Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bp-≈p. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-I-fn¬ Rm≥

Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ (sk-an-\mcn ]d-

ºn¬ Ip´-\pw, sNdn-bm-\pw) AhnsS Bƒ°q-´-ambn hcp∂ Iq´-Øn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n- p-≈-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Snbpw a‰pw D≠m-

bn-cpt∂m F∂v Xo¿®-bmbn ]d-bm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Bcp-sS-sb√mw

ssIh-i-amWv Bbp-[-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-∂-dn-hn-√. F∂m¬ ]m∏s‚

(A°-c) ssIh-i-am-Wv hSn-hmƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CuhI Bƒ°q´w

IqSn AhnsS \n∂v NoØ-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-I-bpw, AhnsS Hs° Ibdn

Ccn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. ]ns∂ Hmtcm Iem]w

D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Rm≥ hnfn®p tNmZn-°pw. At∏mƒ CuhI Bfp-

Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc `b-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-∂pw, Ah-cpsS apdn-bn¬ aÆp-

hmcn Fdn™p F∂pw a‰p-≈-hsc `b-s∏-SpØn F∂pw Adn-™n-

´p≠v. Rm≥ Nne D]-Z-h-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. 11-˛mw ]Xn sNdn-

bm≥ Rm≥ \S-°p∂ hcm-¥-bn¬ Fs∂ I≠n√ F∂p≈ `mhw

\Sn-®p- tI-dnCcp∂v F\n°v \S-°p-∂-Xn\v Aku-I-cy-ap-≠m-°n-bn-

´p≠v. taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw XmgsØ \ne-bn¬ [n°m-c-]-hr-Øn-

Iƒ \S-Øn-b-X-√msX Rm\n-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥

ap≥]-d™ Hcn-°-e-√msX Fs‚ t\¿°p h∂-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂n-√.

Rm\n-cn-°p∂ apdn-bpsS ]Sn-™msd hcm-¥-bn-te°v Cd-ßm-\p≈

64 B\-∏m∏n

hmXn-en\p ]pd-Øp-\n∂p Ip‰n-bn´p Xpd-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Xm°n c≠p

]mh-iyw. A°c ]m∏≥ Hcn-°¬ h∂v tIm]-tØm-sS, "F∂mepw

h√-Xp-sams° Ignbpw' F∂v ]d-™p-t]m-bn. ... Rßsf `b-s∏-

SpØn Fs∂bpw siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw a‰pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-

°n, skan-\m-cnbpw ]pc-bn-Shpw Iqdn-temkv saXms\ G¬]n-®p-sIm-

Sp-°-W-sa∂v kn. sP. Ipcy\pw .... Btem-N\ \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ ê-

ambn Bfp-Iƒ tiJ-c-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Cu hn[w sNbvXp

F∂m-sWs‚ Adn-hv. tIm\m-´p- a¬]m≥ Ipw`w 18˛\p tijw skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-ń-s√-¶nepw Abm-fpsS Btem-N-\bpw IqsS Ds≠-

∂m-sWs‚ hnizm-kw. ... taØ-∑m¿ aW-∏p-dØp I™n-h-®p- Ip-Sn-

®p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcp∂p F∂mWv tIń-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\mcn

kw_-‘n®v Hcp ka-cn-t°kv D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXnse DØ-c-h-\p-k-

cn®v skan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw tIm¿ń¬ \n∂p F\n°v ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn

X∂n-´p≠v.''

]mtd v XpS¿∂v Fgp-Xp-∂p (t]Pv 422): ""ka-cn-t°-kn¬s]´ skan-

\mcnsbbpw a‰pw kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bv°pw,

Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°pw ssIh-im-[n-Imcw Xpey-am-sW∂p sslt°m-SXn

1087 Nnßw 19˛mw XobXn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n®p

ka-cn-t°-kn¬ aPn-kvtS‰v Xo¿∏v I¬]n-°p-Ibpw ]ns‰-Zn-hkw skan-

\m-cnbpw a‰pw At±-l-Øn\p ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ°v sshcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn. ]‰nb sX‰v

GXp-X-c-Øn-se-¶nepw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p k¿∆- I-gn-hp-Ifpw hn\n-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ Hcpßn Cd-ßn.

AXns‚ ê-ambn skan-\mcn ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ kwL¿jm-h-

ÿbpw ]e ]e Iem-]-ßfpw D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm≠pw

êw D≠m-bn-√. tXßm Cd°n tXm∏v ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ iaw

t]mepw icn°pw en-°msX h∂-Xn¬ \ncm-i-s∏´p ]n≥am-dp-I-b√,

iaw IqSp-X¬ Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. saXm-t∏m-

eo-Ømsb ImWp-∂-Xn-t\m, skan-\m-cn-bnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ Bcm-

bp-∂-Xnt\m skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v t]mIp-∂-h¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS

A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-sW-∂-dn-™m¬ iey-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]Xn-hm-bn-Øo¿∂p.

Fw.Un. skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn-cp∂ mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kns\

Hcp Znhkw Nne duUn-Iƒ XS™p h≠nbn¬ \n∂v ]nSn-®n-d-°nbpw,

Ip∏mbw Ducn-°m≥ ian-°p-Ibpw D≠m-bn. At±-l-Øns‚ ssIhi-

ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ hSn Ah¿ ]nSn®p ]dn-®p. duUn-I-fpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-

cp∂ \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ AhnsS FØp-Ibpw Ahs\ t\cn-´-dn-bm-

65B\-∏m∏n

hp∂ sNdnbaT-Øn¬ IØ-\m¿ h≠n-bn¬ Ds≠∂v ImWp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ahs‚ B⁄-]-Imcw duUn-Iƒ ]n≥hm-ßn. F¥pw

kw`-hn-°m-hp∂ Hcp \ne-bm-bn-cp-∂p AhnsS D≠m-b-sX∂v At±lw

""Kncn-Zo-]''-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v (Kn-cn-Zo-]w, t]Pv 29-˛31).

GXp-X-c-Øn-se-¶nepw tIm SÃn-I-fpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ iaw D®-Øn¬ FØn-bXv B\-∏m∏ns°me-bn¬ Bbn-cp∂p.

B alm-a-√s\ IpcpXn Ign-®-tXmsS F¥p-sImt≠m Ien Cd-ßn.

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ic-_ew sIm≠v ]dn-s®-dn™v skan-\mcn

ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p \S-Ønb iaw HXp-ßn.

66 B\-∏m∏n

VI

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t\sc]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\pw, kn¬_-‘n-Iƒ°pw, IÆn¬ I≠p-Iq-SmØ

apJy-iXp ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmb h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv BsW∂v Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-Iƒ CXn-\Iw sXfn-

bn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. alm-ta-cp-t]mse, ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s‚-bpw, tIm -

S-Ãn-I-fp-sSbpw CwKn-X-Øn\p hnLv\w krjvSn® B lna-]¿∆-XsØ

Fßs\ t`Zn-°m-sa-∂mbn iXp-]-£-Øns‚ ][m\ Nn¥. ]mtd´v

B `mKw hfsc X∑-b-Xz-tØmsS ae-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ \memw

hmeyw t]Pv 423 apX-ep≈ `mK-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. B

hnh-cWw Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂p:

""A_vZp-≈m-bpsS A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p hne-ßp-X-Sn-bmbn

\n¬°p-∂-Xpw, tIm˛-S-Ãn-I-fpsS ssIhiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

]Xn-_-‘hpw "Hcp H‰-ØSn' amX-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v B "XSn' Xń-am‰p-

∂-Xn-\pw- ˛ -Zo-h-∂m-tkym-kns\ h[n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw -˛ -i-a-ßƒ \S∂p

F∂pw At±lw A¤p-X-I-camwhn[w c£n-°-s∏´p F∂pw ]d-b-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Xma-kn®ph∂ skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Sn-

™msdsIńs‚ c≠mw \ne-bn¬ hSt° apdn-bn¬ tKmhWn hgn

tIdm≥ Xm≥ ]e ]mhiyw ian®p F∂pw, apI-fn¬ FØn P\¬-

]. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n

]Sn-bn¬ ]nSn®p Ign-™-tijw,

Btcm Zqc-tØbv°v hen-s®-dn-

bp∂ A\p -` -h -amWv D≠m-b -

sX∂pw, B hn[w kw`-hn-®n-√m-bn-

cp∂p F¶n¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bpsS IY Xm≥ Ign-°p-am-bn-cp∂p

F∂pw B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ H∂mw-

]Xn Bbn-cp∂ Iam-ep-Zo≥, Poh-

] -cy¥w in£ A\p -` -hn®p

Pbn-¬ hnap-‡-\mbn h∂-tijw

]e-tcmSpw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

`n£m-S-\-Øn\v ˛ A¬]w am\y-

amb \ne-bn¬ F∂p-h-bv°p-I- ˛ -

C-d-ßnb B a\p-jy≥ IqSp-X¬

klmbw In´p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n sIń-

67B\-∏m∏n

®-a® IY-bm-Wn-sX∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v. F∂m¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv CXns\ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p- Xs∂ ]d-bmw. At±lw

hni-Z-hnh-c-ßƒ Xcm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]dbmw

F∂v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. At±lw 1094 Xpemw 9˛\v hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬

sImSpØ samgn-bn¬ ImWp-∂p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚

A[n-Im-c-Imw£-tbmSv FXn¿Ø kap-Zm-bmw-K-ßƒ°v Hcp ta¬]-´-

°m-c≥ C√msX h∂m¬ F√m-hcpw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-l-

ßƒ°p hgns∏´p-sIm-≈p-sa-∂p≈ hnNm-c-tØmsS FXn¿`m-K-°m¿

Fs‚ Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn (hń-∏-W-t°kv

samgn t]Pv 1195).

tNmZyw: Ahn-SpsØ Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°p-I-bp-≠mbn

F∂p ]d-™Xv GXm-≠n¬, GXv amk-Øn-em-Wv?

DØcw: ka-cn-t°kv apX¬ A_vZpƒ aninlm ]mXn-b¿°okv

h∂p thsd Nne saXm-∑m¿°p IqSn ÿm\w sImSp-Ø-Xp- hsc

F∂-√msX amkhpw Xob-Xnbpw ]d-bm≥ ]bm-kw.

tNmZyw: Cu ]d™ Ime-Øn-\n-Sbv°v FX -Zn-hkw Ahn-SpsØ

Poh-lm\n hcp-Øp-hm≥ ian-°-bp-≠mbn?

DØcw: Hcp ]mh-iysØ ia-Øn¬ F\n°v Imh-embn \nb-

an® Hcp the-°m-c≥ sIm√-s∏-´p. thsdmcp ka-bw. Rm≥ InS-∂n-

cp∂ apdn-bpsS P\¬hmXn¬°¬ IqSn BfpIƒ tKmhWn h®p

AIØp Ib-dp-hm≥ ian-®-t∏mƒ Nne¿ tKmh-Wn-bn¬ \n∂p Xmsg

hoW-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ XncnsI s]mbv°-f-™-Xmbpw Adn-hp-≠v. Rm≥

Xma-kn-°p∂ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Bcpw hcm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ th≠n hgn-

I-fn¬ Bfp-Isf \ndpØn; hcp-∂-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-Z-hn-∏n-®n-

´p-≠v (hń-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 1216˛1217).

am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv (aq∂mw ImtXm-en-°m), bqbm°nw am¿ Cuhm-

\n-tbm-kv, am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv (c≠mw ImtXm-en-°m) F∂n-hsc

saXm-∑m-cmbn hmgn-®Xv ""Fs‚ Poh\v lm\n hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Hcp am¿§-am-bn´p IqSn-bmWv Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv'' F∂v am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkv 1094 I∂n 22-˛mw XobXn hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ samgn

sImSpØp (t]Pv 1143).

sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-fbpw Cu h[-i-asØ ÿnco-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

Iam-ep-Zo≥ Xm≥ sNbvX Nne AI-a-]-hr-Øn-I-sf-∏‰n Nne am\y-

∑m-tcmSv kΩ-Xn®v G‰p-]-d-™n-´p-≠v. AXn-sem∂p h´-t»-cn¬

68 B\-∏m∏n

saXmt∏m-eo-Ømsb h[n-°m≥ sNbvX ia-am-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-

eoØm Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ apdn-bn¬ tIdm≥ Abmƒ c≠p-aq∂p ]mhiyw

`nØn-bn¬ tKmhWn Nmcn- h®p ]cn-i-an®p t\m°n F¶nepw Ft¥m

ssZhn-I-i-‡n-bpsS ]mXn-Iqeyw sIms≠-∂-t]mse At∏m-sg√mw

tKmhWn hgpXn Xmsg hoWp-t]m-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv (a-t\m-ca BgvN-

∏-Xn-∏v, HIvtSm-_¿ 27, 1956).

B¿®v _nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv "Kncn-Zo-]-'Øn¬ At±lw h´-

t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tZl-c-£bv°v Xncp-ta\n Adn-bmsX sNbvXn-

cp∂ Nne N´-h-´-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. Kncn-Zo]w t]Pv

14˛¬ \n∂v: ""saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ch-sb-∏‰n Ct∏mgpw hf-sc-sbm∂pw

Adn-™p-Im-Wp-I-bn-√m-bn-cn-°-Ww. a‰p-≈-h¿ Ahn-SpsØ Poh-

c£sb IcpXn sNbvXp-h∂ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw Aß-s\-

Xs∂. C°m-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At±-l-tØmSv Bcv DW¿Øn-°p-hm-

\mWv? Ahn-Sp∂p Iń-en¬ Ib-dn-°n-S-∂m-ep-S≥ \ni-_vZ-ambn

]kvXpX apdnbpsS ]pd-Øp≈ hcm-¥-bn¬ F∂pw InS-°-Ø-°-

hÆw \mw Nnesc G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-sXm∂pw A-hn-Sp∂p tIńt´

D≠m-bn-cn-°-bn√.''

ka-cn-t°kv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn, N´-ºn-

I-fpsS Bhm-k-cw-K-am-sb∂v hń-∏-W-t°knse hnhn[ km£n-I-

fpsS samgnIƒ hmbn-®m¬ a\-n-em-°mw. "Kncn-Zo-]-'Ønepw B

Imcyw FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≠v (t]Pv 14): ""]kvXpX ka-cn-t°kv

\S-∂p-sIm-≠ncp∂-t∏m-gsØ hmkvX-h-I-Y-Iƒ ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-

∂Xv AXy¥w e÷m-I-c-am-bn-´p-≈-X-tX. Ncn-X-]-kn-≤hpw kap-

Zm-bm-`n-am-\-kvXw-`-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ eme-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb ]gb

skan-\mcn N´-ºn-I-fpsS BK-a-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Fs¥mcp ]mIr-X-

thjsØ ssIs°m-≠p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°pI \Ω-m¬ iIy-am-bn-´p-≈-

X-√. A°m-eØv am¿ Zoh-∂-mtkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbpsS Pohs\

e£yw h®p ]eXcw hnIn-b-Iƒ \S-Ø-s∏´ At\Iw cmXn-Iƒ

Ign-™p-t]m-bn-´p-≠v. skan-\mcn sIń-S-Øns‚ c≠mw \ne-bn-ep≈

hS-°p-h-isØ apdn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n \n¿_m[w Dd-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°sh,

]kvXpX apdn-bpsS ]pdØv apf-t¶m-hWn sh®v P\¬hgn AIØp

]th-in-∏m≥ ]e-t∏mgpw N´-ºn-Iƒ ian-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw,

XZ-h-k-c-ß-fn¬ H∂p-In¬ tKmhWn sX‰n-t∏m-Ip-I-tbm, As√-¶n¬

Ib-dnb Bƒ°v Xe-Np-‰¬ D≠m-hp-Itbm sNbvI-bm¬ amXw

Dt±iyw \nh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xm-sW∂pw tIƒ°p-tºmƒ hmb-\-°m-

¿°v lrZ-b-kv]-µ\w IqSp-X-embn tXm∂p-∂n-√tbm?''

69B\-∏m∏n

Hcp ]apJ ZrIvkm£n

]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse kwL-´\Øn-te°p \bn® kwL¿j-sØ-

∏‰n 1909- ¬ ]mtd v amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ (]n-∂oSv amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-

\n-tbm-kv) Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xpw clky kz`m-h-ap-

≈-Xp-amb Ipdn-∏mWv NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv.

1920 Pq¨ 7˛\v ]cp-ae skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-

Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn¬ \n∂mWv siΩm-i≥ sshZn-I-]´w kzoI-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. A∂sØ (1909˛se) kvt^mS-\m-fl-I-amb k`m-¥-co-£-

sØ-∏‰n ]mtd´v amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ kz¥w Ub-dn-bn¬ Cßs\

Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p: ""A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Zoh-∂m-tkymkv, Iqdn-

tem-kv, …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv apX-emb ]pXnb ta¬]-´-

°m¿ h∂p. butk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A¥-cn-®p. am¿ Iqdn-

tem-kv, tIm\m´p a¬]m≥, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿ Hcp ]£-

ambpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, tPm¨ h°o¬, Ipcp-hnf F≥Pn-\o-

b¿, Nmt°m kq]≠v apX-emb amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n-°m-cn¬ `qcn-]-

£hpw FXn¿`m-K-ambpw \n∂p. kap-Zm-b-h-g°pw tIkpw Bcw-`n®p.

Cu KUp-hn¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okpw h∂p. tIkns‚ Bh-

iy-Øn-te°v A_vZp-≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\

apS-°n. ae-¶ck`-bv°p-ta¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p euInI A[n-Imcw

Cs√-∂p≈ hn[n-bpsS i‡n \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p ta¬]-´-°m-tcmSpw

]≈n-°m-tcmSpw euIn-Im-[n-Imcw kΩ-Xn®v cPn-Ã¿ DS-ºSn hmßn-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]mXn-b¿°okpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw sNbvX-Xv. AXn-

t\mSv FXn¿Øp-\n∂ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ apS-°n. apS-°n-\p-

tijw H∂p-c≠p ka-cn-t°-kp-Iƒ ]gbskan-\mcn kw_-‘n-®p-

≠mbn. tIkp -sIm≠v ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-

°msX h∂-t∏mƒ, _e-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p iaw \S∂p.

B Ime-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ ]e ]mhiyw Bfp-I-fp-ambn t]mIp-Itbm

AhnsS Xma-kn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp. B ImeØv hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ dn°m-

¿Up-Iƒ, ]pkvX-I-ßƒ F∂nh ]e-t∏m-gmbn ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Ko-

kn-t\bpw, kz¿Æ-h-Sn, tamXn-c-ßƒ, kz¿Æ-°-ń-Iƒ, cXv\-ßƒ apX-

em-bh Ft∂bpw saXm-®≥ G¬]n-®p. B IqsS Hcp ]mbv°‰pw

Fs∂ G¬∏n®p. AXns‚ D≈-S°w F¥m-sW∂v A∂v Adn-bp-

hm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. Hcp temwKv Ih-dns‚ hen-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IS-

em-kp-sIm≠v s]mXn-™p-sIń Ac-°p-apZ h®n-cp-∂p. AXv G¬∏n-

®n-´p-s≠∂v Bcpw Adn-b-cp-sX∂pw AXv Fs‚ Ip¿∫m-\-s∏-ń-bn¬

h®v kq£n-®p-sIm-≈-W-sa∂pw ]d-™n-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ Hcn-°¬ B

70 B\-∏m∏n

s]mXn-s°´v F¥p sNø-W-sa∂v tNmZn-®p. Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-hsc

Ft∂mSv AtX-∏‰n H∂pw ]d-tb≠ F∂p ]d-™p. kndn-bm-bn°p

kam-[m\ Btem-N\bv°p At±lw t]mb -k-a-bw, I¬]\

sImSpØv Bfn-s\ -hn´v B s]mXn-s°´v hmßn-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. ]gb

skan-\mcn ssIh-i-am-bn, hg°v H´p -im-¥-am-b-Xn-\p-tijw kz¿Æ-

h-Sn, tamXn-c-ßƒ apX-em-bh Hmtcm-∂mbn Xncn®v G¬∏n®p.''

71B\-∏m∏n

VII

]m∏n-bpsS cwK-]-thiwh´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS tZl-c-£bv°v ]Øp-]-¥≠v ]≈n-

°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab®p F∂v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-

≠-t√m. A]-Imcw Xncp-h-√-bn¬ \n∂p h∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p B\-

∏m∏n F∂v hnfn-®p-h∂ h¿°n h¿Ko-kv. 35 hbkv ]mbw. Ccp-ºn≥

IpSw t]mse-bp≈ tZlw. AXn-s\mØ a\-°-cp-Øpw. Cu Bsf

^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv apJm-¥cw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

""Fs‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n® hn⁄m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v

]d-bp-I-bm-Wv, acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n-sb-t∏mse ico-c-]p-jvSn-bpw, hnIm-

k-hp-ap≈ hfsc Npcp°w Bfp-Isf amXta Rm≥ I≠n-´p≈p''

F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv sIm√-h¿jw 1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw XobXn

(1912 am¿®v 30) sshIp-t∂cw Dt±iw Bdp- aWn ka-bØv tIm´bw

tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn°v hS-°p-h-i-ap≈ ao\-®n¬

B‰n¬ aW-∏p-d-Øp-h®p sht´‰p ]nt‰Znhkw acn® ""B\-∏m∏n''

F∂ A]-cm-`n-[m-\-Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-´-h-\p-amb alm-a-√-s\-∏‰n

A°mew tIm´bw UnkvSnIvSv saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-dm-bn-cp∂

tUmIvS¿ Ubkv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ B\-∏m-

∏nsb Bcv h[n®p? Fßs\ h[n®p? h[-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-sa¥v?

F∂n-h-sbm-s°bpw Iqe-¶-j-ambn \ncq-]Ww sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ssIh-im-h-Imiw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbv°m-

sW∂p ImWn®v 1087 ao\w 19-˛\v aPnkvtS-‰v cmL-hm-Nmcn Xo¿∏v

I¬]n-®p. CXn-s\-Xnsc sshZnI Assh-ZnI SÃn-Iƒ sslt°m-S-

Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. sslt°m-S-Xn, aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚

DØ-chv Aÿn-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw Iq´p-S-Ãn-

Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cn°v Iq´pssIhiw Ds≠∂v Nq≠n-°m-´p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

B\-∏m∏n h[-sØ-∏‰n _Y-\n-bpsS am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xs‚

"Kncn-Zo]w' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p (t]Pv 30˛15):

"B\-∏m-∏n'-bpsS acWw

apS-°p-≠m-b-t∏m-sg-∂√ AXn-\p- ap-ºpw, ]gbskan-\mcn ka-cn-

72 B\-∏m∏n

t°kv D≠mb \nanjw apX¬ Xs∂ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse ]im-

¥X `RvPn-°-s∏-´p- I-gn-™p-sh∂p ]d-bmw. A\p-Iaw AsXmcp

sNdnb t]m¿°-f-Øns‚ Ombsb ]m]n-®p. AI-an-Iƒ, B`m-k-

∑m¿, s]mXp-P-\-tZm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS \ne-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂p ]gb

skan-\m-cn. AXns‚ ssIhiw X\n-°m-sW∂v hcp-Øm≥ ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, AX√ Xßƒ°m-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ SÃn-

Ifpw iaw XpS-ßn. CXn-te-°mbn SÃn-I-fm¬ \nbp-‡-cmb N´-ºn-

h¿§w Hcp ]£-Øn¬, Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v B]-

sØm∂pw D≠m-hm≥ CS-bm-h-cp-sX∂ Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn tZl-

c£m¿∞w \nb-an-°-s∏´ Iq´¿ thsd. A°m-eØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬

sN∂m¬ aS-ßp-∂-Xp-h-scbpw F¥m-Wp-≠m-hpI F∂v `b-s∏-tS-≠n-

bn-cp-∂p. Xt‚-Shpw acym-Zbpw AßmSn acpt∂m Im´p-a-cpt∂m F∂p

t]mepw kwi-bn-®n-cp∂ h¿§-°m-sc-s°m≠v th≠n-bn-cp∂p A∂v

ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS t£asØ ]men-°p-hm≥ F∂p am\y -kp-lr-Øp-

°sf Fß-s\-bmWv Kln-∏n-°pI!

hn`n-∂-ß-fmb Dt±iyßtfm-Sp-IqSn \nb-an-X-cmb C∏-d™ c≠v

Iqćpw XΩn¬ Hcp Xc-Ønepw kulm¿±w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v hnti-

jn®v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS AwK-c-£-I-cn¬

Hcmƒ B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "B\-∏m∏n' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-

b-s∏-Sp∂ Chs\ \ΩpsS Fgp-Ø-\p-k-cn®v Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂v (87

ao\w 18-˛\v i\n-bm-gvN) sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf Ab®pX∂-Xm-bn-

cp∂p. F¥n-\mbn Ah≥ \nb-an-°-s∏-´pthm AXn¬ Ah≥ _≤-

i-≤-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bmw. B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS hchv N´-ºn-Iƒ°v

H´pw-Xs∂ kpJ-Icambn-√. Ah-cpsS Zpcp-t±-iy-ßƒ°v ]m∏n XS-

°m-c-\m-sW∂pw Ah-t\m-sS-Xn-cn-´m¬ Ipg-∏-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ a\-

n-em-°n. Zo¿L-Im-b-\m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw XSn®v ]\w-Ip-‰n-t]mse Ccp-

∂n-cp∂ Ah≥ `mhw amdn H∂v t\m°n-bm¬ N´-ºn-Iƒ DS≥ Xe

Ip\n-°p-I-bm-bn. kzh¿K-Øns‚ ta[m-hn-bmb ]m∏nbpw, N -ºn-Ifpw

XΩn¬ At\ym\yw s]mcp-Ø-an-√m-sX-Xs∂ Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-t∏m-∂p.

s]m´mkpw a\-tbm-ebpw tN¿Øv shbn-eØv sh®m-se-∂-t]mse

Ft∏m-gmWv Xo ]pd-s∏-SpI F∂v Ghcpw `b-s∏-ń-cp∂ Hcp Ah-k-

c-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

Hcp Znhkw \mw Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ "B\-∏m-

∏nsb AXm X√n-s°m∂v Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p'

F∂v Hcmƒ ]d-™-Xp- tI´v \mw s]s´∂v sRń-sØ-dn-°p-I- Xs∂

sNbvXp. Ft∏mƒ acn-®p. ac-W-Im-cWw F¥v Fs∂m∂pw At∏mƒ

73B\-∏m∏n

At\z-jn-°m≥ \n¬°msX \mw X¬£Ww Bip-]-Xn-bn-te-°mbn

\S∂p. \tΩm-Sp-IqSn amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS A\p-P-\mb sI. kn.

amXyphpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ Ccp-hcpw IqSn Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°v

t]mbn. ]m∏n A∂v acn-®n-s√-¶nepw AXym-k∂ ÿnXn-bn¬ InS-∂n-

cp-∂p. ]ns‰-Zn-hkw 87 ao\w 19˛mw XobXn cmXn aq∂p -a-Wn°v Ah≥

acn®p t]mbn. A\-¥cw ]m∏n-bpsS ihw t]mÃp-tam¿´w sNøm≥

XpS-ßn. tUmIvS-dpsS A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn \mapw IqsS-bp≈ Bfpw

ihw InS-Øn-bn-cp∂ apdn-bn-te°v ]th-in-®p. ihw Iodn-Øp-S-ßn.

Xe-bpsS sXmen Dcn-®-t∏mƒ Xe-tbmSv ]Øp]-Xn-aq∂v Ij-W-ß-

fmbn s]mń-s∏m-fn-™n-cn-°p∂p F∂v a\-n-em-bn. ASn-Iƒ apgp-h\pw

Xe-bv°p -Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. t]mÃp-tam¿ -Øn-\p-tijw bYm-hn[n

kwkvIm-c-Iaw \S-Øn. ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Ønse Zzµ-bp≤-

ßƒ, XΩn¬ XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ sXmgp-Øn¬°p-Øv, A\¿l-amb

hymtamlw, kzm¿∞-]-c-amb A`n-hmRvO F∂n-h-sb√mw IqSn HSp-

hn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰sØ c‡w-sIm≠v Ipfn-∏n-®t√m F∂p

\mw hnjmZn®p. kmap-Zm-bn-I-amb Zpc-`n-am-\hpw hminbpw sIme-]m-

X-I-Øn-te°p Xs∂ a\p-jysc Cd-°n-hn-´p-I-f-™p.

Aß-s\-sbmcp sIme-]m-XIw AhnsS \S-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

F∂tX hmb-\-°m¿ Ct∏mƒ Btem-Nn®p t\mt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.

`b-¶-c-ßfpw A\n¿hm-Ny-ß-fpamb ]eXpw AhnsS kw`-hn-°m≥

CS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰w a\p-jy-c‡w IpSn-®-

Xn-\m¬ amXw ]ns∂-sbm∂pw AhnsS \S-∂n-√. kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-

b-Øn\p Ipsd-°m-e-ambn D≠m-bn-cp∂ Zmlw AXn-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v

Gh¿°pw t_m≤y-am-bn. kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Cusbmcp Zml-i-a\w

GsXm-∂ns‚ AXyp-®-sØ-bmWv kq£va-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂sX∂p ]d-

btWm? ssZh-`-b-an-√m-bva-bp-sSbpw ssZh-kvt\-l-an-√m-bva-bp-sSbpw

Xs∂. Ch c≠n-s‚bpw A`mhw ]m∏n-bpsS Xesb ]Xn-aq∂v Ij-

W-ß-fm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Ahs‚ c‡w kap-Zm-b-am-Ith Xfn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂n´pw At\Iw t]¿°pw ]›m-Øm]w D≠m-Im-

Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw F¥v?

74 B\-∏m∏n

VIII

tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-XIw(kz¥w dnt∏m¿´¿)

Cu Ign™ i\n-bmgvN tIm´-bØv skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ h®v \S-

∂Xpw Cu ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf Bk-Iew `bm-Ip-e-∑m-cm-°n-Øo¿Øn-

´p-≈Xpw Bb DK-amb Hcp IrXy-sØ-∏‰n Hcp ]tXyI dnt∏m¿´v

Fgp-tX-≠n- h-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v hfsc a\-kvXm-]-ap-≠v. F¶nepw Cu

kwK-Xn-sb-∏‰n AXns‚ Kuchw \nanØw hmb-\-°msc Adn-bn-°m-

Xn-cn-∏m\pw \nhr-Øn-bn-√.

ae-¶c CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ah¿-

I-fpsS IqsS Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ h¿°n Fs∂m-cmsf Cu Ign™ i\n-

bmgvN sshIp-t∂cw GI-tZiw A©p- aWn ka-bØv skan-\m-cn-

°-S-hn¬ sh®v GXm\pw Nne apl-Ω-Zo-bcpw a‰pw IqSn ITn-\-ambn

Xe-X-√n-s∏m-fn®v Bk∂ ac-W-\m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw, AXp- \n-anØw

Abmƒ ASpØ Znhkw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sh®v acn-®p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw

sNbvX-Xmb Zp-l-`-b-¶c h¿Ø-am\w GsXmcp a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-

sØbpw AXy-[nIw thZ-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√. skan-\m-cn-

bn-ep≈ Bfp-Iƒ sshIp-t∂-csØ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p ]th-in®

kabw Zmlm-Xp-c-\mb h¿°n i¶m-c-lnXw \n-lm-b-\mbn ASp-

Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ t]mbn-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ BWv ]Xn-bn-cp-∂-

h¿ NXn-hmbn Xe -X-√n-s∏m-fn®v Ah-i-\m-°p-Ibpw acn-°-Ø-°-hn[w

tZl-Zfiw G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXsX-∂-dn-bp-tºmƒ, Cu IrXy-

Øns‚ ImTn\yw FX-am-X-am-sW∂v Duln-°m-a-t√m. Bip-]-Xn-

bn¬ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-tºm-tg°pw h¿°n-bpsS IY GXm≠v

Xo¿∂p-t]mbn F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ÿnXn hnNm-cn®v

At∏mƒXs∂ Akn-Ã‚ v k¿P≥ Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-

‰ns\ hnh-c-a-dn-bn-°p-Ibpw At±lw X¬£Ww Xs∂ ÿe-sØØn

B kabw km[n-°p-tºm-se, h¿°n-bpsS ac-W-hm-bvsamgn hmßp-

Ibpw sNbvIbp≠m-bn. ac-W-tijw apd-]-Imcw Akn-Ã‚ v k¿P≥

ihw ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn¬, hetØ Imens‚ IpXn-R-c-ºp- sh-´-s∏-ń-cn-

°p∂p F∂pw, Xe-tbm-Sp- X-√n-s∏m-fn™p ]Xn-s\m∂p Ij-W-ß-

fmbn Xo¿∂n-´p-s≠∂pw AXp-sIm-≠mWv acWw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈-

sX∂pw k¿ń-^n-°-‰n¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn Adn-bp-∂p. Xn¶-

75B\-∏m∏n

fmgvN Bip-]-Xnbn¬ \n∂v ihw sNdn-b-]-≈n-°m-cp-sSbpw a‰pw kl-

Xm] AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqsS ]pØ≥]≈n ivaim-\-Øn¬ AS°w

sNbvXp-sIm≠v CS-h-I-°m-cpsS kl-Xm-]hpw hnh-i-Xbpw Ah¿

]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

F∂m¬ Kh-s◊‚n¬ \n∂pw Cß-s\-bp≈ hnj-b-ß-fn¬

ÿesØ kam-[m-\ -c-£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ apJm-¥cw ]Z¿in-∏n-°mdp≈

Du¿÷nX \S-]-Sn-Iƒ CXp-h-scbpw ]Xy-£-s∏´p ImWm-Ø-Xn¬

P\-ßƒ°v C\n B¿°v, F¥v kw`-hn-∏m≥ t]mIp∂p F∂p≈

`bw Xptemw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p. Ipsd h¿j-ßƒ°p- apºv Cu ]´-

W-Øn¬ \n∂v Bdp -ssa¬ amXw Zqc-ap≈ ÿe-Øp-sh®v tamj-

W-Øn-\mbn D≠mb sIme-]m-XIw Bhn[ Zp¿tΩmlw sIm≠v D≠m-

b-X-s√∂v ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ÿnXn°v km[p-P-\-ßƒs°-√m-h¿°pw

CXns\ kw_-‘n®v bw Xń-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-∏m-\n-√. AXp-

sIm≠v Du¿÷-kz-e\pw a¥n-k-Ø-a-\p-amb \ΩpsS Znhm≥ cmP-

tKm-]m-em-Nmcy Ah¿Ifpw AIaw Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw Aa¿®

hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v kzm`m-hn-I-amb kma¿∞yhpw \njvI¿j-bp-ap≈

t]meokv kq]≠v [zc Ah¿Ifpw Cu Imcy-Øn¬ P\-c£ sNøp-

∂-Xn\pw ]tXyI \n_-‘-\-Ifpw, kzb-tah At\z-j-W-ßfpw \S-

Øp-∂-Xn\v P\-]m-Xn-\n[yw hln-°p∂ at\m-ca th≠-Ø°

ip]m¿i sNtø-≠Xv AXy¥m-t]-£nXambn-cn-°p-∂p.

(a-e-bm-f -a-t\m-ca, 1912 G]n¬ 3 _p[-\m-gvN)

ta¬ kw_-‘n®v ae-bmf at\m-ca 1912 G]n¬ 10˛mw XobXn

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.

76 B\-∏m∏n

IX

aebmf at\m-c-a-bpsS

apJ-]-kwKw

tIm´bw sIme-]m-X-I-t°kv

Cu Ign-™-Xn\p apºn-esØ i\n-bmgvN tIm´bw skan-\m-cn-

°-S-hn¬ h®v \S-∂n-´p-≈Xpw, Cu ]´-W-Øn¬ Akm-am-\y-amb

t£m`w P\n-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xpw, ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf Bk-Iew `bm-Ip-e-

∑m-cm°nØo¿Øn-´p-≈-Xp-amb ""tLmc-X-c-amb Hcp sIme-]m-X-I''-

sØ-∏‰n Npcp-°-ambn Rßƒ Ign™ XhW ]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p-

ht√m. Cu `b-¶cIrXyw \nanØw Cu Zn°n-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈

t£m`hpw òXnbpw CXp-hsc ian-®n-ń-s√∂p amX-a-√, ]e kwK-Xn-

I-fmepw Znh-kw-]Xn h¿≤n-®p- h-cp-∂-tX-bp-≈p. \nc-]-cm-[nbpw \n-

lm-bnbpw Bb Hcp a\p-jys\ GXm\pw Nne LmX-I-∑m¿ kwLw

tN¿∂p ]Xn-bn-cp∂p "]´m-∏-I¬' kabw B‰p-a-W∏p-d-Øp-h®v Hcp

]ńsb F∂-t]mse X√n-s°m-∂Xv hnNm-cn-®m¬, P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚

CS-bn¬ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp `bhpw a\ivNm©-eyhpw D≠m-bn-´p-

≈-Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-s\m-∂p-an-√-t√m. F∂p-X-s∂-b-√, Cu `b-¶c

kw`hw Ign-™n´v ]Øp-]-¥-≠v Znh-k-am-bn´pw sIme-]m-X-I-∑m-

cmb Ip‰-°msc I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-Itbm _¥-hkv sNbvItbm sNbvXn-

ń-s√∂v h∂-m¬ CXn¬∏cw P\-ßƒ°v at\m-th-Z-\-tbbpw òXn-

tbbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v as‰mcp kwKXn Bh-iy-ap-≈-X-√. cmP-

\o-Xn-°-\p-k-cn®v Kh-s◊‚ns‚ i‡n Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp ]Im-c-

Ønepw kt¶mNw hnNm-cn-°msX hym]-cn-∏n°p-∂-]£w Ip‰-°m-cm-

b-h¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sm-sX-bn-cn-∏m≥ kwK-Xn-bn-s√-∂mWv Rß-fpsS

hnizm-kw. sIme-]m-XIw \S∂ ÿehpw ka-bhpw a‰p kwK-Xn-

Ifpw hnNm-cn-®m¬, icn-bmbn ian-°p-∂-]£w tIkv sXfn-bn-°p-

∂-Xn\p hfsc ]bm-k-ap-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ kwK-

Xn-Iƒ CXn¬ Imcy-ambn Btem-Nn-∏m-\p-≈-Xm-Wv.

1. Cu IrXyw \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv ]I¬ ka-b-Øm-Wv. sshIp-t∂cw

GI-tZiw A©p -aWn ka-b-ØmWv h[n-°-s∏´ h¿°n, Nmbtbm

Im∏ntbm IpSn-°m≥ B‰p-a-W-∏p-d-tØ°v Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv.

2. `b-¶-c-amb Cu Iqc-IrXyw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv Hcmƒ amX-am-

77B\-∏m∏n

bn-´√; Hcp kwLw Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂n-´m-Wv. AXp -X-s∂bpw hSn-

hmƒsIm≠v shńbpw IpØnbpw De° apX-emb Bbp-[-ßƒ D]-

tbm-Kn®pw \S-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.

3. IrXyw \S∂ ÿew skan-\m-cn-bpsS hSt° aW-∏pdw ˛

Ft∏mgpw Bƒk©m-c-ap≈ Hcp ]tZ-i-am-Wv. ssh°-tØ°v h≈w

Ib-dp-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ambn hgn-bm-X-°m¿ km[m-cW KXm-KXw sNbvXp-

h-cp∂ Hcp hgn ÿe-am-Wn-sX∂v ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.

hnti-jn®p th\¬°m-e-ß-fn¬ \S-∂p-h-cp∂ ]Xn-hp-t]m-se, ChnsS

]e IpSn-ep-Ifpw sIń kvXoIfpw ]pcp-j-∑mcpw Ipń-Ifpw tN¿∂v

"IpSpw-_-ß-fmbn' Xma-kn®p I®-hSw \S-Øn-h-cn-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v.

4. LmX-I-∑m-cmb apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpƒs∏´ Hcp kwLw Cu IrXy-

Øn\v apºv Ipsd A[nIw Znh-k-ß-fmbn skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ B‰p-

a-W-∏p-dØp I™n-sh-®p-Ip-Sn®p Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw skan-\m-cn-tbbpw

AXn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-tcbpw GtXmhn[-Øn¬ BI-an-∏m-\mbn

Hcpßn \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xv Cu ]´-W-

hmkn-Iƒ H´p-ap-°mepw Adn-™n-´p≈ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. skan-\m-cn-

tbmSpw AXnse Imcy-ß-tfmSpw Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw kw_-‘-an-√mØ

Cu apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Xß-fpsS Imb-_-esØ hnebv°v hmßm≥ X°

[\-i-‡nbpw kzm[o-\-_-ehpw skan-\m-cn-sb-∏‰n Bi-¶bpw D≈

a‰p Nne-cp-sS-sb-¶nepw t]c-W- aq-e-a-√msX Xß-fpsS kz¥m-h-iy-

ambn Cu `b-¶-c-IrXyw \S-Øo-´p-≈-X-s√∂v Gsd-°psd Btem-

Nn®m¬ F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-am-W-t√m.

5. Cu IrXyw \S-∂-Xns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw sshIp-t∂cw GI-tZiw

cmXn-tbm-S-SpØv kpamdv Bd-c- a-Wn- k-abw Fw.Un. skan-\mcn

]n≥kn-∏¬ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv Fw.F. Ah¿Ifpw sNdn-b-a-

T-Øn¬ Znhyio bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿ Ah¿Ifpw IqSn ]g-b-sk-an-

\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp IpXnch≠n-bn¬ Ib-dn-h-cp-tºmƒ, GXm\pw

Nne apl-Ω-Zo-bcpw a‰pw IpXn-csb ]nSn®p\n¿Øn h≠n XS-bp-Ibpw,

h≠n-°-IØp IS-°m≥ ian-°p-I-bpw, AXn-ep≈ mZ¿ Koh¿Kokv

Ah¿Isf "Ak`yw' ]d-bp-Ibpw, `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰p -]e AXn-

I-a-ßƒ sNøp-I-bpw, ""skan-\m-cn, SÃn-I-fpsS hI-bm-Wv. AXnse

kmam-\-ßƒ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\mWv

Rßƒ h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv'' F∂pw a‰pw A´-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv

Hm¿°p-tºmƒ, Bcp-sStbm t]c-W- aqew am\y-∑msc A]-am-\n-°p-

∂-Xn\pw Ah-tcmSv F¥pw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu Iq´¿ aXn-

ad∂p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw AXns‚ ê-am-bn-´mWv ]nt‰-

Znhkw Cu IrXyw \S-Øo-´p≈sX∂pw Duln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

78 B\-∏m∏n

Hcp hnP-\-ÿ-e-Øp- h®v Hcmƒ amXw sNøp-∂-Xmb IrXyw Hcp

kabw sXfn-™n-s√∂p ht∂-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp kwLw

Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂v ap≥Iqń Btem-Nn®v Bbp-[-]m-Wn-I-fmbn P\-ß-

fpsS k©m-chpw kl-hm-khpw A[n-I-ap≈ ]c-ky-amb Hcp ÿe-

Øp-sh®v \S-Ønb IrXyw sXfn-bp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°-bn-s√-¶n¬,

]ns∂ Fß-s\-bp≈ IrXy-ß-fmWv sXfn-hm≥ t]mIp-∂-sX∂v

Rßƒ°v a\-n-em-Ip-∂n-√. ta¬ hnh-cn®p ImWn® kwK-Xn-Iƒ-

sIm≠v sXfn-hp- In-´m≥ [mcmfw kuI-cy-ap-≈-Xmb Cu tIkns\

kw_-‘n®v ÿew t]meo-kp-Im¿ ImWn® kmam-\yØn-e-[n-I-ap≈

Ae-kX Cu ]´-W-hm-kn-Isf H´-[nIw `bm-Ip-e-∑m-cm°n Xo¿Øn-

´p-s≠∂v \nw-ibw ]d-bmw.

Cu kw`hw sXfn™p h∂v kXy-Øn\pw \ymb-Øn\pw A\p-

k-cn®v Iem-in-°p-I-bn-s√∂p h∂m¬, Ah-\-hs‚ Poh-s\-∏‰n B¿-

°mWv bw tXm∂m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m-etX P\-km-am-\y-Øns‚

CS-bn¬ CXp- \n-an-Ø-ap-≠m-bn- p≈ t£m`w tei-sa-¶nepw ian-°msX

Ct∏mgpw Xo£vW-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu IrXyw \S-Øn®p

F∂v P\-ßƒ hniz-kn-°p∂ Bfp-sStbm Bfp-I-fp-sStbm A]o-

Xn°v Bsc-¶nepw ]mXo-`-hn-®m¬ X\n-°p- IqSn Poh-\miw kw`-hn-

t®-°m-sa-∂p≈hn[-Øn¬ AX I¿i-\-ambn Cu ] -W-hm-kn-I-fpsS

lrZ-bsØ N©-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≈

ÿnXn°v Kh-s◊‚ v CXn-s\-s¥-¶nepw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp kam-

[m\w D≠m-°m-sX-bn-cn-°-bn-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

ÿesØ t]meo-kp-Im¿°v Du¿÷n-X-ap-≠mbncp∂p F¶n¬ DS-

s\-Xs∂ LmX-Isc ]nSn®p _¥-hkv sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-

sN-øm-sXbpw ]Xy-£-Øn¬ AXn-\mbn D’m-ln-°m-sXbpw Ip‰-

°m-cm-b-h¿°v Hfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kmh-Imiw hc-Ø-°-\n-e-bn¬,

ImWn-®n-´p≈ Ae-kX Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw £¥-hy-am-bn-´p-≈-X-√.

Cu IrXyw \S-°p-∂-Xn\v GI-tZiw c≠m-gvNbv°p apºv \S∂ Nne

kw`-h-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n B ImcyØn¬ ÿew t]meokv C≥-

kvs]-IvS¿ FXn¿I-£n-I-tfmSv tbmPn®v ]h¿Øn®p hcp-∂p F∂pw,

AXn-\m¬ At±-lsØ am‰n ]Icw as‰m-cmsf tIm´-b-Ø-b®p In´-

W-sa-∂pw, tIm´bw P\-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-epƒs∏´ GXm\pw t]¿ tN¿∂v

Iºn- h-gn-bmbpw a‰pw t]meokv kq]-≠n-s\bpw a‰pw Adn-bn-®-X-

\p-k-cn®v A[n-Im-c-ÿ-∑m¿ ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂p F¶n¬ Cßs\ Hcp

`b-¶c kw`hw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cpt∂m F∂p-Xs∂ kwi-b-am-Wv. Cu

tIkn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb sXfnhv In´-W-sa-¶n¬ Cßs\ Ae-kX ImWn-

79B\-∏m∏n

®n-´p≈ ÿew t]meo-kp-Imsc C\n-bp-sa-¶nepw ÿewamt‰-≠Xv

AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v A[n-Im-c-ÿ-∑m¿ a\-n-em-°n-bm¬ sIm≈mw.

km[m-cWP\-ßƒ°v AXmXp ÿesØ t]meo-kp-Im-sc-∏‰n

kzm`m-hn-I-ambn `b-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. B `bsØ ]cn-l-cn-®p-

sIm-≠mWv tIkv At\z-jn-t°-≠-sX-∂mWv Rß-fpsS A`n-]m-bw.

tIm´bw ]´-W-hm-kn-Ifpw Ab¬]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-hcpw a‰pw

\ΩpsS s]m∂p-X-ºp-cm≥ Xncp-a-\-n-te-°pw, _nójv dkn-U-≠n\pw,

Znhm≥Pn Ah¿Iƒ°pw Ab® Iºn-Iƒ aqew Ct∏mƒ tIkn\v

GXmt≠m Nne Du¿÷nXw D≠m-bn- p-≈-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. Cu tIkv

`c-ta‰v At\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw a‰p-ambn t]meokv C≥kvs]-

IvS¿am-cmb satkgvkv kn. B¿. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈, PÃkv Um\n-

tb¬ F∂n-hsc Kh-s◊‚n¬ \n∂pw ]tXyIw Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv Rß-fpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw teJ-Is‚ IØp-

sIm≠v ImWp-∂-Xv. CXv P\-km-am-\y-Øn\v s]mXpsh kΩ-X-amb

Hcp \nb-a-\-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. F∂m¬ anÃ¿ Um\n-tb¬

CXp-h-scbpw ChnsS FØn-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. anÃ¿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥

]n≈ ÿe-sØ-Øp-Ibpw tI-t\z-j-W-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ P\-km-am-\y-Øn-\p-≠m-bn- p≈ Xr]vXn koam

XoX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ At±-lsØ thsd tPmen-°mbn XncnsI

hnfn-°p∂p F∂p tIƒ°p-∂Xv hmkvX-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xm-

bm¬ AsXm-cn-°epw P\-km-am-\y-Øn\p cpNn-°p∂ Hcp Imcy-a-√.

F∂p-X-s∂-b√ anÃ¿ ]n≈ ChnsS FØn-b-tijw A¬∏-Zn-h-k-

ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Xs∂ Du¿÷n-X-ambn \S-Ønb At\z-j-W-ßƒ-

sIm≠v GXm\pw Nne sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-∂-dn-bp∂

ÿnXn°v, ]pXp-Xmbn C\nbpw as‰m-cmƒ hcp-∂-]£w CXp-hsc

\S-Ønb At\z-j-WsØ XpS¿∂v ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ImcysØ

ssIhn-´p-t]m-ImsX sIm≠v \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]bm-k-ambpw ht∂-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v P\-t£-a-sØbpw `qX-Z-b-sb-bpw, k¿-

t∆m-]cn \oXn-]-cn-]m-e-\-sØbpw hnNmcn®v Cu tIkv sXfn-hp-≠m°n

skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn¬ \SØn Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xphsc anÃ¿ ]c-

ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈-sb-Øs∂ ˛ Cu tPmen-bn¬Ø-s∂- ˛- \n-b-an-°p-∂-

Xn\v Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bmb s]m∂p-X-ºp-cm≥ Xncp-a-\-p-sIm≠pw \b-

tIm-hn-Z-\mb Znhm≥ cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cyc-h¿Ifpw ]tXyIw Zb hnNm-

cn-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-°p-∂p. Cu IrXyw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p LmX-I-∑m-

¿°p GsX√mw hn[-ß-fn-emWv ss[cy-ap-≠m-b-sX∂v tIns‚ Ah-

km-\-L-´-Øn-se-¶nepw Kh-s◊‚n\pw P\-km-am-\y-Øn\pw t_m≤y-

s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°-bn-s√∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

80 B\-∏m∏n

X

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy

Znhm-\-b® l¿PntPmbvkv tXm´-bv°mSv 2˛4˛1992˛¬ AUz. ]n. kn. amXyp-hn\v Ab-

®p-sIm-SpØ IØpw At±lw Is≠-Sp-ØXpw B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy

Xøm-dm°nbXp-amb Hcp l¿Pn-bpsS tIm∏n-bp-amWv NphsS tN¿°p-

∂-Xv.

""FXbpw ]nb-s∏´ amXyp -km-dn-\v,

B\-∏m-∏n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp hnhcw Rm≥ Is≠-Øn-bXv CtXm-

sSm∏w Ab-bv°p-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bnse B¿ss°-hvkn¬ \n∂mWv

AXv e`n-®-Xv. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n® Fgp-Øp-Ifpw a‰p tcJ-

Ifpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp sIń¬ \n∂mWv CXv Inńb-Xv. Cu

At]£ Znhm\p sImSptØm F∂-dn-hn-√. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßtfm

a‰p tcJ-Itfm Is≠-Øn-bm¬ Ab-®p-X-cmw.''

A∂-Ω-bpsS l¿Pn

alm-cm-P-am-\y-cm-Pio Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm≥ kzman Ah¿Iƒ

ka-£-Øn-te°v tIm´bw skj≥tIm¿ń¬ 87˛¬ 29˛mw \º¿

kvs]j¬ tIkn¬ H∂mw km£nbpw Sn tIknse ]Xn-Iƒ sIm∂-

Xmb ]m∏n-bpsS `mcy-bp-amb A∂Ω t_m[n-∏n°p∂ l¿Pn.

Sn tIkv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ tIm´-bØv A°c kn. sP. Ipcy≥

F∂-bm-fpsS kzm[o-\-Ømepw klm-b-Ømepw \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw

tIknse ][m\ ]Xn-bmb ]nSn-In-´mØ ]m∏-®≥ Sn Ipcys‚

tPyjvTs‚ aI-\p-am-Wv. sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ ]Xn-Iƒ A∏o¬ sImSp-

Øn-cn-°p-∂Xpw 1088-˛¬ A∏o¬ 35 apX¬ 45 hsc \º-cp-I-fm-bn´v

]Xn-™n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ k¿°m¿ `mKw tIkv \S-tØ≠

h°o-e-∑m¿ Sn Ipcys‚ AXy¥ CjvS-∑mcpw kz¥w h°o-e-∑m-cp-

am-sW∂v tIƒ°p-∂p. Cu tIknse ]Xn-Iƒ Fs‚ `¿Øm-hns\

ITn-\-ambn D]-Z-hn-®p -sIm-∂n- p-≈-hcpw sslt°m¿ń¬ \n∂v shdpsX

hnSp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Fs∂ A∂p-Xs∂ C√mbva sNøp-sa∂v i]Yw

sNbvXn´p-≈-h-cp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ kzman-bpsS Zb-hp-≠mbn sslt°m-

¿ńse ][m\ h°o-e-∑m-cn¬ Hcmsf \nb-an-®p B tIkv \SØp-

amdmI-W-sa∂v At]-£n°p-∂p.

81B\-∏m∏n

IqSm-sXbpw sslt°m¿ńse Nne PUvPn-am¿ an≠m-th-Z-°m¿

BsW∂pw Sn Ipcy≥ Cu h¿§-°m-cpsS ][m\ ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-

sW∂pw Ah-cpsS \nb-a-]-Imcw Sn Ipcy≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse h¿§-

Øn-epƒs∏-´-h-sc√mw sNøm≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂pw Ipcys‚ D‰-

_‘p-°-fmb Ch¿ Ipcys‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI\p tZmj-ambn

bmsXm∂pw sNøp-I-bn-s√∂pw ]Xn-I-fpsS Bfp-Iƒ tLmjn-°p∂p.

AXn-\m¬ an≠m-th-Z-°m-cmb hoc-cm-L-hm-ø-¶m¿ kzman Ah¿Iƒ

IqSn-bp≈ s_©n¬ tIkv lnb-dnw-Kn\p FSp-°-cp-sX∂pw DØ-c-hp-

≠m-Ip-am-dm-I-W-sa∂v At]-£n-°p-∂p.

1088 Xpemw (H-∏v)

Cu l¿Pn c≠p- cq]m ]X-Øn¬ FgpXn H∏n-Sp-hn®v Ab-

bv°Ww. Cw•ojv l¿Pn H∂p amdn FgpXn Ab-t®-®m¬ sIm≈mw.

AXn\p Xc-an-s√-¶n¬ Ab-bv°p∂ l¿Pn Xs∂ H∏n´v Xob-Xnbpw

h®v Ab-®m¬ aXn. tIkv Hcp-]s£ Cu amkw HSp-hntem hcp∂

amkw BZytam hnNm-cW \S-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ DS≥Xs∂

th≠Xp ]h¿Øn-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-°p-∂p.

km£n-I-fmb AΩbpw aIfpw

tImfn-f°w krjvSn® B\-∏m-∏n-s°m-e-t°-kn¬ samgn- sIm-SpØ

hmI-Øm\w HmWm´p A°m-Ω-sb-∏-‰nbpw aIƒ Ip™-°m-Ω-sb-∏-

‰nbpw ]i-kvX-amb \ncWw ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬

Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p (IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-cWn FgpXn

Ab-®p-X-∂Xv dn´. skbn¬kv SmIvkv Hmô-k¿ ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ If-

∏p-c-bn¬ sI. tXmakv hdp-Kokv Fw.F. bmWv).

\ncWw ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ ap´p-t¶-cn¬ Ip™v aq∂m-aXv hnhmlw

sNbvXXv hmI-Øm-\Øv aT-Øn-d-ºn-emb HmWm´p ]p∂-®s‚ aIƒ

A°m-Ω-sb-bm-Wv. A°m-Ωsb t\csØ tIm´bw Np¶Øv s^≥

IpSpw-_-Øns‚ imJ-bmb I´-∏p-dØp hoń¬ hnhmlw sNbvX-b-

bv°p-Ibpw ¿Ømhv ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B _‘-Øn¬

Hcp aIƒ (Ip-™-°m-Ω) D≈-t∏m-gmWv ap -t¶-cn¬ Ip™p-am-bn- p≈

hnhmlw \S-∂-Xv. B hnhm-l-Øn¬ Ip™p-Ip™v F∂ aI-\p-

≠m-bn.

HmWm´p IpSpw-_mw-K-amb A°m-Ω-sb-∏‰n ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp kwKXn

ChnsS ]kvXm-hn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬

ae-¶ck`-bnse _mhm-I£n saXm≥ I£n hg-°p-Iƒ aq¿≤-\y-

82 B\-∏m∏n

Øn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ \S∂ kw`-h-am-W-Xv. saXm≥ I£n-bpsS

Xe-h≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ AwK-c-£-

I-\m-bn-cp∂ s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv h¿°n Bim≥ F∂ B\-∏m∏n

sIm√-s∏-´p. Cu sIme-]m-X-I-Øns‚ ZrIvkm-£n-I-fn¬s]-´-h-cm-bn-

cp∂p A°m-Ωbpw aIƒ Ip™-°m-Ω-bpw. A°m-Ω-bpsS `¿Ør-

`h-\-amb I´-∏p-dØv hoSn\p hfscb-I-se-b-√mØ Hcp ÿe-Øp-

sh-®m-bn-cp∂p Iqc-amb B h[w \S-∂-Xv. tIkn¬ saXm≥ I£n-

°p-th-≠n-bmWv A°mΩ H∂mw km£n-bmbpw aIƒ A∂v HºXp

hb-p-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ Ip™-°mΩ c≠mw km£n-bmbpw Xß-fpsS

hoń¬ IΩo-j-\mbn hs∂-Ønb aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI samgn sImSp-

Ø-Xv.

]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn\v Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ae-¶ck`m -Im-cy-

ß-fn¬ kPo-h -Xm¬]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \memw Xe-ap-d-°m¿ ]¥n-

cp-]-d-bn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv Cu∏≥ (Ip-™-∏n-®m-b≥) ae-¶ck`m -SÃnbm-

bn-cp∂ tIm´bw Xmg-Ø-ßmSn Nnd-°-S-hn¬ hoń¬ tImcp-f- sIm-®p-

tIm-cp-f-bpsS aI-sf-bmWv hnhmlw Ign-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Ccns°

A°mΩ ]pØq-∏-≈n¬ IpSpw-_-Øn-te°v h∂p-tN¿∂p F∂Xv

A\z¿∞-am-bn. Cu sIme-t°-knse A\p-Iq-e-amb hn[n°v \n¿Æm-

b-I-ambn `hn® ta¬∏-d™ km£n-I-fpsS samgn-Iƒ ]_-e-cmb

FXn¿I-£n-Isf ]tIm-]n-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS `mK-Øp- \n-∂p-ap≈

]oU-\-ßƒ I -∏p-dØv IpSpw-_-Øn\v kln-t°≠n h∂n- p-≠v. \n¿`m-

Ky-h-im¬ k`mNcn-X-tc-J-I-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ Cu km£n-Iƒ ]cm-

a¿in-°-s∏-ń-ń√.''

B¿∏q-°c \Sp-hn-te-°c tP°_v tXmakv Cßs\ Fgp-Xp-∂p:

""B\-∏m-∏n-t°-knse km£n-bmb A° hmI-Øm-\Øp πm∏-d-

ºn-emb aT-Øn-d-ºn¬ HmWm´p henb ]p∂-®s‚ ]pXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]gbskan-\m-cn-°-S-hn\p sXm´p he-Xp-h-isØ hoń-em-bn-cp∂p

A°sb hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°v Ip™-°mΩ

F∂ aIƒ P\n-®p. sshImsX Ip™-°m-Ω-bpsS ]nXmhv \ncym-X-

\m-bn. B\-∏m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®v A°-sbbpw aI-sfbpw IΩo-

j≥ h®v hnkvX-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]Xm-]-im-en-bm-bn-cp-∂ HmWm´v hey-

∏≥ (Fs‚ amXm-a-ls‚ ]nXr-tPy-jvT -k-tlm-Z-c-]p-X≥) -\n¿_‘w

]nSn-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv hnkvX-cn-®-Xv. Ch-cpsS km£n-samgn sIm≠mWv

]Xn-Isf in£n-°m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv.

83B\-∏m∏n

c≠mw mKw

]m∏n-h-[hpw tIkp-hn-kvXm-chpw

hn[nbpw in£bpw

84 B\-∏m∏n

I

]m-∏n-bpsS h[wsslt°m-SXn 4˛5˛1087˛¬ C´ DØ-chv tIm´bw ] -W-Øn¬ Adn

™t∏mƒ hfsc Bfp-Iƒ skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Cu hnhcw UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p dnt∏m¿´p

sNbvXp. GXm\pw t]meo-kp-Imsc ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°v kam-

[m\w ]men-°m-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®p. sshZnI SÃn-bpw, Assh-ZnI

SÃnbpw At∏mƒ tIm´-bØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ Ipw`- am-k-

Ønte tIm´-bØv BK-X-cm-bp-≈p. Ah¿ tIm´-bØp h∂-tXmsS

i‡n ]tbm-Kn®p skan-\m-cnbpw ]dºpw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

ian®p. 19˛7˛87˛¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sshZnI hnZym-`ymkw

sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ GXm\pw siΩm-i-∑m¿ Xmeq-°nse aPn-kvtS-

‰n-s‚bpw UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n-s‚bpw apºmsI Hmtcm ]cmXn

t_m[n-∏n®p. Xte-cm-Xn-bn¬ 25 Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p-

sh∂pw Xßƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v DS≥ s]mbvs°m-≈-W-sa∂pw

A√m-Ø-]£w Ahsc Xp≠p-Xp-≠mbn tOZn-°p-sa∂pw b-s∏-SpØn

F∂pw ]kvXpX l¿Pnbn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cp-∂p. l¿Pn-Iƒ t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS¿°v Ab®psImSp-Øp. At±lw GXm\pw t]meo-kp-

Imsc ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn-te°v Abbv°p-Ibpw l¿Pn-°m-cmb

siΩm-i-∑m-cn¬ GXm\pw Bfp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw samgn -hm-ßp-Ibpw

kam-[m\ `RvP\w D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠ N´w-sI-´p-Iƒ \S-Øp-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Hcp hm¿Ø P\-Xm-a-≤y-Øn¬ ]c-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw

A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]kvXpX Inwh-Z¥n.

AtXmsS hnIm-c-hn-h-i-cmb P\-ßƒ Xncp-h-√, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c

apX-emb ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]ms™-Øn. ta¬

]kvXm-hn® Inwh-Z-¥n-bpsS bmYm¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n Bcm™p; `mhn-

bn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm, A]-am-\n-°p-

Itbm sNøm-Xn-cn-∏m≥ Xß-fpsS CS-h-I-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Nnesc ]gb

skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ab®psImSp-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®p

Hcp Znhkw F´p-]-Øp-t]¿ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ kq£n-∏n-\mbn lmP-

cmIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. h[n-°-s∏´ B\-∏m∏n Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂pw Ab-

bv°-s∏´ Hcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Bfns\ Ab-bv°m≥ Xm\mWv

85B\-∏m∏n

t\XrXzw hln-®Xv F∂v hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ sI. Fw. amΩ≥ am∏nf

samgn sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v (sIm-®p-am-Ω≥ h°o¬). F∂m¬ Cu Imcy-

Øn¬ ]tc-X-\mb sI. kn. Cu∏-\mWv t\XrXzw hln-®-sX∂v a‰p

Nnecpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. ]m∏nsb tIm´-b-tØ°v bmX Ab-®-t∏mƒ

]m∏nbpsS Igp-Øn¬ Hcp Ik-hp-I-hWn C´v A\p-tam-Zn-°p-Ibpw

A`n-\-µn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Cu∏-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, Cu Imcy-sØ-

∏‰n \S-Ønb Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ê-ambn Cu∏s‚ ASpØ _‘p-

°-fn¬ \n∂v Adn-bm≥ Ign™p.

Cu CS-th-f-I-fn¬ tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-fnse X¿°w cq£-am-bn.

t]meokv C≥kvs]-S-dp-sSbpw Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰n-

s‚bpw dnt∏m¿ńs\ Bk-v]-Z-am-°n kam-[m\ ewL\ \nhm-c-W-Øn-

\mbn k`-bpsS tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-sf√mw ]qń. ]≈n-Iƒ amX-

a√ sslt°m¿´p-Ø-c-h-\p-k-cn®v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm-bpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-h-Zn-®n-

cp∂ ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn Nm∏epw ]q´-s∏-´p. AXv ]oUm-\p-`h BgvN

Bk-∂-am-Ip∂ Ime-hpw. A°m-e-b-f-hn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw

]´-°m¿°pw ][m-\-amb Bcm-[-\-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-

cp∂p. C°mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ Cßs\ skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ AS-

®p-]q-ń-bXpw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bv°p ]Xn-Iq-e-amb Hcp \ne-]mSv

kzoI-cn-®Xpw t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS ]£-]mX _p≤n ]Z¿in-

∏n-°p∂ Hcp- Im-cy-am-bn- p -thWw ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥. CXv Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]em-b\w sNøn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£,

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]£-]m-Xn-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS πm\pw

]≤-Xnbpw A]-P-b-Øn¬ ]cn-Wan-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ]gb

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-am-dmsX Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Xma-kn-®p.

AhnsS At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp apdn hnip-≤o-I-cn®p IqZmi sNbvXp

hn. Ip¿_m-\bpw a‰p I¿Ωm-Zn-Ifpw A¿∏n®p t]m∂p. saXm-t∏m-

eoØm ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn hn´p t]mbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ a‰p SÃn-Iƒ°p

]gbskan-\mcn ]pc-bnSw \njv]bmkw ssIh-i-am-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Cßs\ _u≤nI a’-c-X-¥-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy≥ apX¬t]¿

]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cßs\bncnt° am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw am¿ Iqdn-temkpw ]gb

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ao\w 18˛\v

ImeØv Hº-Xp- aWn Ign™v Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂p ]m∏n (Cu Bsf

""]m∏n km¿'' F∂pw ""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂pw hnfn-°m-dp-≠v) ]gbskan-

\m-cn-bn¬ BKX-\m-bn. Imbn-I-i-‡n-bn¬ Abmƒ oa-tk-\\p Xpey-

86 B\-∏m∏n

\m-bn-cp-∂p. saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-dm-bn-cp∂ tUmIvS¿ Ubv Cu

BfpsS tZl-i‡n I≠p hnkva-b-`-cn-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂p. Abmƒ

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂-bp-Ss\ AhnsS \S∂ kw`-h-ßƒ F√mw

Abmsf hnkvX-cn®p tIƒ∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Xte-Zn-hkw kmbm-”-

Øn¬, A°m-eØv Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fnse ]n≥kn-∏-

em-bn-cp∂ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokn (]n¬°m-eØv _Y\n am¿

Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) t\mSv ]nSn-®p-]-dn® hSn Xncn®p sImSp-°-W-sa∂v

]m∏n, Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse ap…o-ß-fpsS A°m-esØ t\Xm-hm-bn-

cp∂ ]co-°p-ń-bpsS Hcp `mKn-t\-b-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn

(Hcp Znhkw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gb skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂p kµ¿in®p k`m Imcy-ßƒ N¿® sNbvX-tijw

aS-ßn-t∏mb Fw.F. A®≥ AYhm mZ¿ ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-Kokv Ah¿I-

tfmSv hgnat≤y Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b≥ (Cu Bƒ ]n∂oSv

]m∏n h[-t°-knse H∂mw-]Xn Bbn-cp-∂p) ]nSn-®p-]-dn®p hmßn-®n-

cp∂ hSn kn. sP. Ipcys\ G¬∏n®p F∂v ]co-°p-ń-bpsS `mKn-t\-

b≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. F∂m¬ ]m∏n Cu hm°p hniz-kn-®n-√. X≥-

\nanØw ]m∏n Cu A`y¿∞\ Bh¿Øn-°-bp-≠m-bn. At∂-Zn-hkw

GI-tZiw a≤ym-”-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]m∏n, l≥ F∂ Hcp apl-Ω-Zo-b-

t\mSv (]m∏n h[-t°-knse aq∂mw ]Xnbm-bn-cp∂p Cbmƒ)- hSn

XncnsI thW-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´p. hSn Xncn®p Xcm-Ø-]£w Xm≥

ls‚ iXp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂p IqSnbpw ]m∏n òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

Iam-ep-Zo-≥ BWv hSn FSp-Ø-sX∂pw Xm\√ F∂pw l≥ Xd-

∏n®p ]d-™p. ]m∏n l-t\mSv thsdmcp Imcyw- IqSn tNmZn-°p-I-

bp-≠m-bn. Xm≥ F¥n-\mWv Cu \n¬°p∂ siΩm-is‚ apdn-bn¬

Ib-dn-bXv? ""Rßƒ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dp-I-b-√msX bmsXmcp ieyhpw

hcp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn√'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p ls‚ adp-]-Sn. AXn\v ]m∏n-

bpsS ]Xyp-Øcw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ""\nßƒ Ipcys‚ Bƒt∏-

cmbn hcp∂p F¶n¬ Rßƒ°v FXn¿∏n-√. F∂m¬ \nßƒ siΩm-

is‚ apdn-bn¬ Ibdn At±-l-Øn\p ieyw hcp-Ø-cp-Xv. Aß-s\-

sb-¶n¬ saXm-®s‚ Imh¬°m¿ Xncn-®-Sn°pw'' F∂ ]m∏n-bpsS

hm°p-Iƒ°v, ""\nßƒ°v t_m[n-®-]Sn ]h¿Øn-°pI'' F∂p

l≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™p. CtXmsS ]m∏n skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ib-dn-

t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ta¬hn-h-cn® kw`m-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw GI-

tZiw c≠p- a-Wn°q¿ Ign-™-t∏mƒ tIm´-bØp \n∂v Ggp- ssa¬

]Sn-™m-dp≈ Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂v Hcp h≈w h∂ptN¿∂p. am¿ Iqdn-

temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ipa-c-I-Øn\p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\m-

bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Cu h≈w h∂-Xv. saXm-®s\ Ipa-c-I-Øn\p sIm≠p-

87B\-∏m∏n

t]m-Im≥ h∂-h¿ (h©n Du∂p-Im-c-√) am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-

bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ A°c ]m∏-®\pw I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kpw- IqSn (Cu

tXmakv kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m-´-®\pw IqSn skan-\mcn amt\-P-

cmbn, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏meoØm X\n®p \nb-an® A®\p

_Z-embn \nb-an-°-s∏´ tZl-am-Wv) Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

tbmSv kw`m-jWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Iam¬Zo\pw

l\pw A¬]-t\cw Ign™v Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS

apdnbn¬ h∂p \n∂ tijw t]mI-bp-≠m-bn. \mep- a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn

am¿ Iqdn-temkv Ipa-c-I-tØ°p t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A°c ]m∏-

®\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kpw, \mÍw sNdn-bm\pw ]m∏n sIme-t°-

knse ]Xn-I-fn¬ an°-hcpw Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb

B‰n¬ Xøm¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂ h≈w- hsc A\p-K-an-®p.

C\nbpw B\-∏m-∏nsb h[n® cwK-tØ°p ]th-in-°mw. kabw

GI-tZiw sshIp-t∂cw A©-c- aWn. sshIp-t∂-csØ Nmb- Ip-Sn-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn h[n-°-s∏´ ]m∏n-bpw, sIme-t°-knse H∂mw km£n-

bp-amb a√w-Ip-gn-bn¬ tImc De-l-∂m-\pw, c≠mw km£n aS-Øn-∏-

d-ºn¬ h¿°n Nmt°mbpw IqSn skan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-tØ°p ]pd-

s∏´p. aW-∏p-dØv Nmb-°-S-Iƒ sIń \n¿Øn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nmb-

°-S-I-fpsS hS-°p-`m-KØv H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw Ip™mΩn F∂p

t]cp≈ Hcmfpw IqSn Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏nbpw Iq´p-Imcpw IqSn

Nmb- th-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-

Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw ]d-™-Xv, AhnsS ]m∏n°pw a‰pw \¬Im≥

Nmb Cs√-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. ]‰p-h-c-hp-Im-tcmSv Cu hn[-Øn¬ adp-]Sn

]d™p hnSp-∂Xv `wKn-b√m F∂v jm∏p-S-a-ÿ≥ hntcm-[n-®p.

""F∂m¬ Rßƒ ChnsS Ccn-°p-∂n√'' F∂p ]d™v H∂pw aq∂pw

]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw Fgp-t∂-‰p. ]Sn -™m-dp -h-i-Øp≈

Bsctbm H∂mw-]Xn BwKyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw ]Sn-™msd `mK-

Øp≈ sjÕn¬ \n∂v Hcp -Iq´w Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-tbbpw sIme-t°-

knse H∂pw c≠pw km£n-I-tfbpw hf-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ]m¿-

ńsb \bn® ]m∏-®≥, bqZm sNbvX-Xp-t]mse ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-ń-

s°m≠v ""CXmWv Bfv, Ahs\ ]nSn-°pI'' F∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw X¬-

£Ww H∂mw-]Xn (I-am-ep-Zo≥) Hcp Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-°p-Ibpw,

]m∏n B ASn ssIIƒsIm≠v XS-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. c≠mw ]Xnbpw

Hcp Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v ]m∏nsb ASn-®p-ho-gvØn. ]m∏n sXt°m-t´mSn,

\Zn-bn¬ IqSn ]m™p. F√m-h-cpwIqSn ]m∏nsb Ipdp-Ø-Sn-sIm≠v

t]∏- nsb X√p-∂-Xp-t]mse ASn-®p. ASn sImSp-Ø-h¿ cwKØp \n∂v

88 B\-∏m∏n

HmSn ad-™p-I-f-™p. ]ecpw I´-∏p-dØp `h-\-Ønepw ]d-ºnepw

HmSn-°-b-dn.

GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-bpsS klm-bm¿∞w HmSn-°q-Sn. skan-

\m-cnbn¬ \n∂v Hcp Iń¬ sIm≠p-h∂v Ah¿ ]m∏nsb AXn¬

InS-Øn, skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v H∂-c-

ssa¬ Zqc-ap≈ tIm´bw t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°p Npa-∂p-sIm≠p

t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. t]meokv A[n-Ir-X¿ ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-

te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v hml-I-∑m¿

Aßs\ sNbvXp. X¬£Ww tUmIvS¿ Ubkv ]m∏nsb kµ¿in®p

apdnhp-Iƒ PmK-X-tbmsS sh®p-sI-´p-Ibpw, XpS¿∂p th≠ ipiq-

j-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. ]m∏n-

bpsS tZl-Øp≈ apdn-hp-Iƒ hfsc Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-I-bmepw a‰pw

]m∏n-bpsS Bbp-n-s\-∏‰n D¬°WvT Df-hm-°n-b-Xn-\mepw ]m∏n-

bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°-W-sa-∂-`y¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v saUn-°¬ Hmô-

k¿, aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Fgp-Øp- sIm-Sp-Ø-b-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v DS≥ Bip-

]-Xnbn¬ FØn, ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn hmßn. ]m∏n samgn- sIm-Sp-

°p∂ kabw Zp-l-amb thZ\ \nanØw Rc-°hpw sRfn-™p-

]ncn-bepw ]Z¿in-∏n-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v tNmZn® tNmZy-ßƒ c≠p- aq∂p

]mhiyw Bh¿Øn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Ah-bv°p≈ adp-]Sn ]e-

t∏mgpw Ahy-‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠pw ]m∏n Ipd®p Znh-k-tØ-

°p-IqSn Pohn-®n-cn-°m≥ km≤yX Ds≠-∂p≈ saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-

dpsS A`n-]mbw \nan-Øhpw samgn-sb-Sp-°¬ X¬°mew aPnkvtS‰v

\n¿Øn h®p. AXn-I-Tn-\-amb thZ\ \nanØw ]m∏n°p ac-W-samgn

hmßnb tÃ‰p-sa‚n¬ H∏p-sh-bv°m≥ \n¿hm-l-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

aPnkvtS‰v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Cu Ip‰-sØ-∏‰n Adn-bm-

hp-∂-h-tcmSv hnh-c-ßƒ tNmZn®v sXfnhp tiJ-cn-®p-sIm-≈p-hm≥

B⁄m-]n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]m-∏nsb Iń-

en¬ Npa-∂p-sIm≠p h∂-h-tcmSp samgn-Iƒ hmßn.

]nt‰-Zn-hkw AXm-bXv 19˛8˛87˛¬ ]m∏n-bpsS ÿnXn hfsc Bk-

¶m-P-\-I-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p. A∂p cmXn shfp-∏n\v aq∂p- a-Wn°v

Abmƒ Ncaw AS-™p. ]m∏n-bpsS \ncym-WsØ XpS¿∂v tIm´bw

t]meokv Hcp tIsk-Sp-Øp. Cu tIkns\ ]X-ß-fn¬ A∂p

""tIm´bw sIme-t°kv'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p \ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv.

BsI 17 ]Xn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ 11 ]Xn-Isf ]nSn

Inń. _m°n 6 t]sc t]meo-kn\p ]nSn-In-ń-bn-√.

89B\-∏m∏n

II

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

km£n-samgn19˛mw km£n ae-¶c CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS samgn NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

""Rm≥ tIm´bw kpdn-bm\n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ÿnc-am-bn´v Dt±iw

\mep sIm√-ambn Xma-kn-°p-∂p. acn® ]m∏nsb Adn-bpw. Nne-cpsS

Zpcm-tem-N-\-bn-t∑¬ GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ IqSn X√n-bpw, IpØnbpw

Sn ]m∏nsb A]m-b-s∏-SpØn F∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. skan-\m-cn-

bpsS hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ aW-∏p-dØp h®mWv Aßs\ D≠m-b-Xv.

]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-°m-c-\m-Wv. Fs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°m-bn- mWv ]m∏n tIm -

b-tØ°p h∂-Xv. Xncp-h√m ]≈n-°m-cmWv Ahs\ Ab-®-Xv. tZl-

c-£-bv°mbn BZyw h∂Xv Ipw` -amkw HSp-hn-em-Wv. ]Øp ]Xn-

\©p Znhkw AhnsS Xma-kn®pw h®v Ahs‚ hoń-te°p t]mbn.

]ns∂ ]m∏n ho≠pw h∂Xv IrXy-Zn-hkw A©mdp \mgnI ]pe¿∂-

Xns‚ tij-am-Wv. tZl-c-£-bv°mbn ]m∏nsb IqSmsX thsd Bfp-

Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]Øn-cp-]-Ø©p t]¿ BI-∏msS D≠v. F∂m¬

Htc ka-bØv F´pw ]Øpw ]¥≠pw t]cp amXta skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ ImWp-I-bp-≈p. Ign™ Ipw`w 18˛mw XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬

h®v Hcp ASnIe-i-ep-≠m-bn. AXn¬ Fs∂-°qSn D]-Z-hn-®p F∂pw

taen¬ Ft∂bpw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw Hcp tIƒhn

]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. Icp-Xn-°qń FXn¿I£n Aßs\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®p

F∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. CXns‚ hmkvX-h-ÿnXn Adn-hm-\mbn ]e

]≈n-°mcpw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p. \S∂ Imcy-ßƒ Ah¿

tNmZn-®-dn-™p. taen¬ C]-Im-c-sam∂pw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m\pw Fs‚

tZl-c-£bv°pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf Ab-bv°-W-sa∂v Ah¿ IqSn

\n›-bn-®p. AX-\p-k-cn-®mWv Fs‚bpw a‰pw tZl-c-£bv°v B ]≈n-

°m¿ Bfp-Isf Ab-∏m≥ Imc-W-am-b-Xv. Aßs\ ]Øp-]-¥≠p

]≈n-°m¿ Bfb®n´p≠v. ]pXp-∏-≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n, a√-∏≈n,

sNß-∂q¿, B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \nc-Ww, Xncp-h√ Cß-s\-bp≈

]≈n-°m-cmWv Bfp-Isf Ab-®-Xv. tZl-c-£-°m¿ ChnsS D≈-Xp-

sIm≠v AI-a-ßƒ D≠m-ImsX Ccn-°-bmWv F∂v F\n°p tXm∂n-

bn-´p-≠v. AXmbXv tZl-c-£-°m¿ C√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ Nne

90 B\-∏m∏n

AIaßƒ \S-t∂s\ F∂v F\n°v tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. Nne taØ-∑m-

cmWv F∂v H‰ ImgvN- sIm≠p tXm∂n-b-h¿ Fs‚ t\¿°p h∂n-

´p≠v. Rm≥ Hgn-™p-amdn t]mbn-´p-ap-≠v. hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn Rm≥

\S-°p-tºmƒ Ch¿ Fs‚ t\¿°v Hgn-™p-am-dmsX h∂n-´p-≠v. am\-

Øns\ b∂v Rm≥ amdn-t∏m-bn- p-≠v. taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw am∏n-

f-amcpw Iq´w-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p XpS-ßn-bXv IrXy-Zn-h-k-

Øn\p Dt±iw ]Øp Znhkw apºm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ an°-t]-cpsS

ssIbnepw Ipdp-hSn ImWpw. Hcp-Øs‚ ssIhiw hSn-hmfpw ImWpw.

h∂n-´p≈ am∏n-f-am-cn¬ I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kv, A°c ]m∏≥, ]md-

bv°¬ tPm¨, skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ Ip´≥, A\p-P≥ sNdn-

bm≥, XpI-e≥ ho´p-Im-c≥ Hcp sIm®≥, \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ CXbpw

Bfp-Isf amXta Rm\-dn-bp-I-bp-≈p. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-Isf

sN∂p t\m°n. Ch-cn¬ Rm≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ ]Øpw ]Xn-

s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ AhnsS Bƒ°q-´-ambn hcp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ IqSn-

bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. Ch-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Snbpw a‰pw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂p Xo¿®-bmbn ]d-bp-hm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Bcp-

sS-sb√mw ssIh-i-amWv Bbp-[-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v Adn-hn-√.

F∂m¬ ]m∏s‚ ssIh-i-amWv hSn-hm-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ B

hSn-hmƒ Ducn Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. hnti-j-s∏´ hSn Abmƒ h®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. AXp hSn-hm-fm-sW∂p Bfp-Iƒ

]d-™v Rm≥ Adn-™n-´p-≠v. kn. sP. Ipcys‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI-

\mWv B A°c ]m∏≥. XpI-e≥ sIm®≥ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv

A°c ]m∏s‚ tPyjvTs‚ aIsf sIń AhnsS Ah-Imiw Ibdn

Ccn-°p∂ Bfm-Wv. Ch¿ Iq´w IqSn AhnsS \n∂v NoØ- hm-°p-

Iƒ ]d-bp-Ibpw AhnsS Hs°bpw [n°m-c-ambn Ibdn Ccn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xv I≠n-´p-≠v. ]ns∂ Hmtcm Iem]w D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Rm≥

hnfn®p tNmZn-°pw. At∏mƒ Cu hI Bfp-Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc `b-

s∏-SpØn F∂pw Ah-cpsS apdn-bn¬ aÆp hmcn Fdn™p F∂pw

a‰p-≈-hsc `b-s∏-SpØn F∂pw Bfp-Iƒ ]d-™n-´p-ap-≠v. Rm≥

Nne D]-Z-h-ßƒ A\p- -hn-®n- p-ap-≠v. AsX-s¥-∂m¬ Cu \n¬°p∂

]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn sNdn-bm≥ Rm≥ \S-°p∂ hcm-¥-bn¬ Rm≥

I≠n√ F∂ `mhw \Sn®v AhnsS Ibdn Ccp-∂n-´p-≠v. Abmƒ Hcp

ImeØv Fs‚ hmey-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂-h-\mWv! AXp-sIm≠v hcm-¥-

bn¬ F\n°v \S-°p-∂-Xn\v Aku-I-cy-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. taØ-∑mcpw

tNmh-∑mcpw XmgsØ \ne-bn¬ [n°m-c-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-X-

√msX Rm\n-cn-°p∂ c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥ apºv ]d™ Hcn-

°-e-√msX Fs‚ t\¿°v h∂-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Rm\n-cn-°p∂

91B\-∏m∏n

apdn-bpsS ]Sn™msd hc-m¥-bn-te°v Cd-ßm-\p≈ hmXn-en\p ]pd-

Øp-\n-∂p-sIm≠v Ip‰n-bn´v Xpd-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Xm-°n. Aßs\ c≠p-

]m-hiyw sNbvXp.

tNmZyw: CXp- Iq-SmsX Iq´-ambn h∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ Bsc-¶n-ep-

ambn´v Ahn-Sp∂v t\cn´v kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v CS h∂n-´pt≠m?

DØcw: D≠v. A°c ]m∏-®-\p-ambn t\cn´p kwkm-cn-°m≥ CS

h∂n-´p-≠v. AXv Cu IrXy-Øn\p As©´p Znhkw apºm-Wv. Ip∂w-

Ip-f-ß-c-°m-c≥ Hcp InkvXym-\n, sNhnSp tIƒ°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ

s]m´≥, I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kns‚ hmey-°m-c-\mbn skan-\m-cn-bpsS

Ing-°p-hiw ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. B s]m´≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqsS-°qsS

hcn-Ibpw sNøpw. Abmsf Fs‚ Bfp-I-fmtcm X√n-sb∂pw AXp

Rm≥ tNmZn-°m-Ø-]£w Xm≥ tNmZn-°p-sa∂pw A°c ]m∏-®≥

Fs‚ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn¬ Ib-dn-h∂v Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. F∂n´v

Rm≥ Fs‚ Bfp-Isf hnfn-∏n®p tNmZn-®-Xn¬ Aßs\ bmsXm-

∂p-ap-≠m-bn-ń-s√∂v a\-n-em-bn. taenepw bmsXmcp hg-°p-ap-≠m-

Im-sX-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ ]tXyIw N´w-sI-ó-´p≈ Imcy-am-Wv.

CXbpw ]m∏-®≥ Adn-™-Xn-\ptijw ]m∏-®≥ t]mbn. t]mIp-

tºmƒ tIm]-tØm-Sp-IqSn ""F∂mepw h√-Xp-sams° Ignbpw'' F∂p

]d-™mWv t]mb-Xv. Rßsf `b-s∏-SpØn Fs∂bpw siΩm-i-∑m-

scbpw a‰pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Cd-°nbpw sh®v skan-\m-cnbpw

]pc-bn-Shpw Iqdn-temkv saXm\v G¬]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v kn. sP.

Ipcy\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXmakpw Btem-N\ \S-Øn-b-Xns‚ ê-am-

bn- mWv Bfp-Iƒ tiJ-c-am-bn v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Cuhn[w sNøp-

∂-sX-∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ Ipw`w 18˛mw Xob-

Xn°p tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-ń-√m-sb-¶nepw Abm-fpsS Btem-

N-\bpw IqSn-bn-´p-s≠-∂mWv Fs‚ hnizm-kw. F∂m¬ B Imcy-

Øn¬ F\n-°-dn-hn-√. taØ-∑m¿ AhnsS hcp∂ Imcy-Øn\v ]cn-

lm-c-ap-≠m-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®p. taØ-∑m-cpsS ][m-\n-bmb

]co-°p-ńsb A°-c Ip™q™v apJm-¥cw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcpØn.

]co-°pń hcp-∂Xv I≠p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬ IqSn-bn-cp∂ taØ-

∑m¿ F√mw amdn-°-f™psh∂v tI´p. ]co-°p-ń-tbmSv Cu kwKXn

]d-™-Xn¬ At∏mƒ AhnsS taØ-∑m-cm-cp-an-s√∂pw th≠-t]mse

N´wsIń-s°m-≈m-sa∂pw ]d-™pw-sh®v Ah\pw Ip™q™pw

t]mbn. AXp-sIm≠v Imcy-Øn\v HXp-°-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-√. taØ-

∑m¿ apºn-e-sØ-t∏m-se-Xs∂ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´p-IqSn hcp∂

Bfp-Iƒ an°- k-a-b-ß-fnepw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂-bp-≠v. AXn¬

92 B\-∏m∏n

taØ-∑m¿ aW-∏p-dØv I™n-h®p IpSn-®p-sIm≠v skan-\m-cn-bn¬

hcp∂p F∂mWv tIń-´p-≈-Xv. skan-\m-cnsb kw_-‘n®v tIm´bw

Unhn-j≥ H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ Hcp ka-cn-t°-kp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

CXnse H∂mw FXn¿I£n Rm\m-Wv. CXnse c≠mw FXn¿I£n

a -bv°-e-®≥ F∂ Bfm-Wv. DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®v skan-\m-cn-tbbpw a‰pw

CXn¬\n∂pw F\n°v ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn X∂n-´p-≠v. CXns\ t`Z-

s∏-SpØn thsd-hn[w \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-∏m-\m-bn´v bmsXmcp k¿°m-cp-

tZym-K-ÿ\pw AhnsS h∂n-ń-√. Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ skan-\m-cn-bn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ IrXy-Øn\v H∂p-c≠v aWn-°q¿ apºv Ahn-

sS-\n∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. c≠m-asØ \ne-bn¬ ]Sn-™msd

H´-Øn¬ sXt° A‰sØ apdn-bn-emWv At±lw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

IrXy-Zn-hkw t]mb-tijw At±lw XncnsI skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-

ń-√. apgp-h≥ kmam-\-ßfpw IrXy-Zn-hkw At±lw sIm≠p-t]m-bn√.

]ns∂ ]Øn-cp-]Xp Znhkw Ign-™-tijw _m°n kmam-\-ßƒ

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-te-°mbn ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°cn Fs‚ ASp-

°¬ h∂p tNmZn-°p-Ibpw sImSp-Ø-b-bv°m≥ Rm≥ Fs‚ amt\-

P-tcmSv N´wsI´p-Ibpw A]-Imcw sImSp-Ø-b-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv Rm≥ t\m°n-bn-√. IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bn¬

sshZn-I-∑m¿ Ign-t°≠ I¿Ωßƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v am¿ Iqdn-temkv

saXm\v tIm -bØv thsd ]≈nIfp-≠v. AsXm∂v tIm -bØv henb

]≈n-bm-Wv. AXp- Iq-SmsX ]mW-º-Sn-∏≈n Fs∂mcp ]≈n-bp-ap-≠v.

hen-b-]≈n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Dt±iw Ac- \m-gnI Zqsc-bm-Wv.

Ic -hgn t]mI-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp \mgnI Zqcw ImWpw. ]mW-º-Sn-

°¬ ]≈n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Btd-gp -\m-gnI AI-se-bm-Wv.

skan-\mcn]≈nbpw sNdnb]≈nbpw ]q´p-∂-Xn\v UnkvSnIvSv aPn-

kvtS-‰n¬ \n∂v DØ-c-hp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. B DØ-chp]Imcw skan-

\mcn ]≈n ]qń-°n-S-°p-tºmgmWv taØ-∑mcpw tNmh-∑mcpw InkvXym-

\n-Ifpw Iq´w-Iq-´-ambn h∂pXp-S-ßn-b-Xv. DØ-c-hns‚ Xob-Xn°p

apºmbn skan-\mcn Fs‚ A[o-\-Øn-em-Wn-cp-∂-Xv. ka-cn-t°kv XpS-

ßn-b-Xn-\p-tijw am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ skan-\m-cn-∏-≈n-bn¬

I¿Ωw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ka-cn-t°-kns‚ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬

GXm\pw Znhkw Ft∂m-Sp-IqSn I¿Ωw \S-Øm≥ kw_-‘n®p

It≠°mw. IrXy-Zn-hkw ]I¬ A©p- a-Wn-°mWv I¿Ω-Øn\p

t]mb-Xv. A©c At©-ap-°m¬ aWn-hsc I¿Ωw \S-Øn. ASn-

sIm≠-Xn-s‚-tijw ]m∏nsb Rm≥ I≠nń-√. aW-∏p-d-Øp- h®p

]m∏n NØp-t]mbn F∂mWv Rm\mZyw tI´-Xv. ]n∂oSv H∂p- IqSn

Xnc-°n-b-t∏m-gmWv A¬]w Bizm-k-ap-s≠∂p tI´Xv. BbXv BZyw

93B\-∏m∏n

tI´p. ]ns∂ Ac- ap-°m¬ \mgnI Ign-™mWv Fs‚ I¿Ω-Øns‚

Ah-km\ ka-b-ØmWv IrXy-ap-≠m-b-Xv. aW-∏p-dØv \ne-hn-fnbpw

tI´p. GXmt≠m Atem-ly-ambn Nne i_vZw tI´-X-√msX Rm≥

I¿Ω-Øn-en-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v AXn-s\-∏‰n \∂mbn i≤n-®n-√. I¿Ωw

Ign™v apdn-bn¬ \n∂n-d-ßnb DSs\ kwKXn Rm\-dn-™p. Fs‚

tZl-c-£-bv°mbn h∂-bm-fns\ X√n-s°m-∂t√m F∂ thZ-\- sIm≠v

Rm≥ ]m∏nsb t]mbn I≠n√ (C-hnsS km£n°v KZvK-Z-kz-c-ambn

t\X-ß-fn¬ Aip-I-W-ßƒ \nd-™p). Abmƒ°v izmk-ap≠v F∂v

Rm\-dn-™t-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v th≠ Imcy-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-

sa∂v F\n°v hnizm-k-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ At\z-jn-°m-\mbn

t]mbn-√.

tNmZyw: ]m∏n-sb-Øs∂ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ X√n-s°m-√m≥ h√Xpw

Imc-W-apt≠m?

DØcw: Ds≠-∂mWv Fs‚ Adn-hv. Fs‚ tZl-c-£bv°p h∂

Bfp-I-fn¬ A[nIw i‡n-bp-≈-h≥ ]m∏n-bm-Wv. Ahs\ X√n-bm¬

_m°n-bp≈ tZl-c-£-°m¿ `b∂v s]mbvs°m-≈pw F∂p hnNm-cn-

®m-bn-cn-°Ww ]m∏n-bp-sS-ta¬ Cu AIaw \S-Øn-sb-∂p-Ø-cw. Cu

CS Rm\-dn-bp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ ]m∏n hfsc i‡n-bp-≈-h-\m-Wv. tZl-

c-£bv°p hcp∂ Bfp-I-fn¬ Nne¿ Bh-iyw-t]mse Ah-cpsS hoSp-

I-fn¬ t]mbn Xncn-®p- h-cpw. B apdbv°v ao\w 18˛mw XobXn ]m∏nbpw

h∂p F∂p amXta F\n-°-dn-hp-≈p. Ah¿ t]mIbpw hcp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xv Ft∂mSv tNmZn-®-√. Nne-t∏mƒ Ft∂mSpw ]d-t™®p

t]mI-bn√ F∂p-an-√. Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bXv siΩm-i-∑m-cp-am-

sbm-∂m-bn-´m-Wv. Rßƒ I¿Ωw Ign™v ap≥Iqń siΩm-i-∑m-cn-

dßpw. Rm≥ kz¬]w IqSn [ym\-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ]Xn-hv. ]m¿-

∞\ Ign™v Rm≥ \mep-sI- n-\-IØv h∂-t∏mƒ Nµ-Øn¬ siΩm-

i≥ Ic-™pw-sIm≠v Fs‚ ASp-°¬ HmSn-h-∂p. IrXy-Øns‚

kwKXn ]d-™p. ]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂p F∂mWv ]d-™-Xv. C∂-

h-gntb IrXyw \S-°p-I-bp≈p Fs∂-\n°v t_m≤yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-

Xp-sIm≠v, IrXy-sØ-°p-dn®v A∂v hnh-c-ambn tNmZn-®n-√. NØp-

t]mtbm AtXm Poh-\pt≠m F∂v Xnc°n Adn-t™-®p- h-cm-\m-

bn´v Abmsf ]d-™-b-®p. Ipd-®m-izm-k-ap≠v F∂p ]d-™pw-sh®v

Abmƒ e°n-√m-Ø-h-s\-t∏mse Ic-™pw-sIm≠v ]Sn-™m-tdm-t´mSn.

Abmƒ°v 12, 14 hbt ]mb-ap-≈p. ]ns∂ Abmƒ°v Rm≥ Bf-

b-®p. Abmsf Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ss[cy-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw Fs∂bpw X√n-s°m-√p-sa∂v FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ

94 B\-∏m∏n

`bs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v sIm®p-si-Ωm-i≥ hfsc b-∂p-

t]mbn F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. ka-cn-t°-kn¬ H∂mw-I£n kn.

sP. Ipcy-\m-Wv. 2˛mw I£n amØ≥ IØ-\m-cm-Wv. kn. sP. Ipcys\

Rß-sfms° hnfn-°p-∂Xv A°c sIm®p-Ip™v F∂m-Wv. "sIm®p-

Ip™p apX-emfn' F∂-v Abmsf thsd Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ hnfn-°pw.

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A∂p-Iq-Snb taØ-∑m¿, tNmI-∑m¿, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

Ch-cn¬ H‰-t\m- -Øn¬ F\n-°-dn-bm-hp∂ Bfp-Itf amXta F\n°v

\n›-b-ambn ]d-bm≥ ]mSp-≈p. tij-am-fp-Isf Bƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-

bn´pw Bƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ X°-h-Æhpw Rm≥ t\m°o-ń-√. AXp-

sIm≠v ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Hgn®v tijw Cu \n¬°p∂

]Xn-Iƒ AhnsS h∂p-Iq-Sn-b-h-cmtWm A√tbm F∂v Fs‚ kz¥w

Adn-hp-sIm≠v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ]Ømw ]Xn sIm®p-Ip-´≥ ka-cn-

t°-kp≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp tPmen-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂-

h-\m-Wv.

tImkv

1 apX¬ 7 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ cma-kzman Aø¿.

Iqdn-temkv saXm-\m-bn´v \mep- sIm-√-am-bn. AXn-\ptijw ÿnc-

am-bn´v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ At±lw Xma-kn-®n-ń-√. tIm´-bØp hcp-

tºmƒ At±lw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°pw. Ipw`w 18˛mw

XobXn At±lw AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Xma-kn® apdn-

bpsS Xmt°m¬ Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ amt\-P-cpsS ssIh-i-am-Wn-cn-°p-

∂Xv. B Xmt°m¬ Iqdn-temkv saXms‚ ssIhiw Ccp-∂n-√.

tIm¿ń¬ \n∂pw F\n°v skan-\mcn ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn X∂-t∏mƒ

Xmt°m-en-√mØ F√m apdn-I-fp-sSbpw Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ Rm≥ Xo¿-

∏n®p. B apdbv°v am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm≥ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ apdn-

bpsS Xmt°mepw ]pØ-\mbn Xo¿∏n-®p. Xo¿∏n-®Xp Rm-\-√, a´-

bv°¬ IØ-\m-cm-Wv. tIm¿ń¬ \n∂v \S-Øn-Ø∂ ImeØv am¿

Iqdn-temkv Xma-kn® apdn°v Xmt°m-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw AXv

At±-l-Øns‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.

\S-Øn-Ø∂ ImeØv am¿ Iqdn-tem-kv B apdn-°-IØv Xma-kn-°p-

∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ahn-sS-\n∂v h√ Zn°n-te°pw t]mIp-

tºmƒ At±lw Xma-kn-°p∂ apdn ]qń-bn- p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-sWs‚

hnizm-kw. Rm≥ t\m°n-bn-ń-√. B Xmt°m¬ At±lw t]mIp-

tºmƒ Fs∂ G¬∏n-°p-Ibpw XncnsI hcp-tºmƒ Ft∂mSv XncnsI

hmßn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-ń-√. AXn\p Imc-W-ap-≠v. \SØn hmßn-b-

Xn-\p-tijw B apdn-bn-t∑epw F\n°v kzmX-¥yw Ccn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-

95B\-∏m∏n

X-√msX Fs∂-t∏mse Hcp saXm-\mb am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ Xma-

ksØ XS--s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sat∂m Aku-I-cy-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sat∂m

F\n°v Xm¬]cyw C√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw Fs‚ BfpsS ssIbn¬

B apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ Ds≠∂v am¿ Iqdn-tem-kn\v Adn-hp-≈-Xn-

\mepw BWv At±-l-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ Rm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smt\m

Xcmt\m CS-bm-hm-Ø-Xv. Fs‚ Xmt°m¬ B apdn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-

cp∂ ImeØv At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xmbn F\n-°-dn-hn-√. IrXy-Øn-

\p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-bn¬\n∂v Fs‚ Xmt°m¬sIm≠v

Xpd∂v At±-l-Øns‚ kmam-\-ßƒ Ab-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ Fgp-

Ø-\p-k-cn-®-√, Bf-b-®-X-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-

Iƒ Ct∏mƒ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ hmey-°m-cmb-√tbm \n¬°p-∂-

sX∂p tNmZyw. F\n-°-dn-hn√ F∂p-Ø-cw. I´-∏p-dØv tXmakv SÃn-

I-fm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏´ skan-\mcn amt\-P-cmtWm F∂v tNmZyw. SÃn-

I-fpsS Imcyta Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-°mØ Imcy-am-Wv. I´-∏p-dØp tXma-

kns\ a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿°v ]Icw amt\-P-cm°n \nb-an®p F∂v

Hcp t\mókv a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿°v Inń-b-Xmbn Hcp tIƒhn-bp≠v.

\memw ]Xnsb Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-Øn-°-≠p. Chsc Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ X°-hÆw Rm≥ kq£n®p I≠n-ń-√. Cbmƒ am¿ Iqdn-tem-

kns‚ ASp-°¬ iº-f-°m-c-\mtWmsb∂v Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. am¿

Iqdn-tem-kn-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ c≠v iº-f-°msc ImWp-∂p-≠v. Hcp hb-

-t\bpw Hcp sIm®-t\bpw I≠n-cp-∂p. \nßsf saXm≥ ÿm\-

Øp-\n∂p \o°w sNbvXn-´pt≠m F∂v tNmZyw (Cu Imcyw tIkn-

te°v kw_-‘-an-√m-Ø-Xm-I-sIm≠v Cu tNmZyw tImS-Xn-bm¬ XS-

b-s∏-´p). \nßfpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw XΩn¬ ]ca hntcm-[-Øn-et√

F∂p tNmZyw. Rßƒ XΩn¬ Hcp hmZw \S-°p-∂p-≠v. Fs∂ D]-

Z-hn-°m-\m-bn´v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ D’m-ln-°p-∂p≠v F∂p-Ø-cw.

Cu tIkn¬ ]Ww sNehp sNøp-∂Xv kn. sP. Ipcy-\t√ F∂v

]Xn-`mKw h°o¬ tNmZn-®p. ]n∂oSv B tNmZyw At±lw Xs∂

]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

IrXy-Øn\v F´p-]Øp Znh-k-Øn\p apºp apX¬ taØ-∑m-scbpw

tNmI-∑m-scbpw InkvXy∑m-tcbpw an°-t∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ I≠n-

´p-≠v. Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p-∂ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn-emWv Nne taØ-

∑m¿ h∂v Fs∂ Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. AXm-cm-sW∂v F\n°v \n›-

b-ambn ]d-bm≥ Xc-an-√. Ah¿ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bn-cn-°p∂

`mK-Øp- \n-∂mWv h∂-Xv. Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂v

hcm-¥-bn¬IqSn Fs‚ apdn-bn-te°v hcmw. apI-fn-te°v Ib-dp∂

96 B\-∏m∏n

tKmh-Wn-∏Sn km[m-cW Xpd-∂mWv InS-°p-∂-Xv. taØ-∑m¿ Cßs\

Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ h∂Xv ]I-em-sW-∂-√msX C∂-t∏m-gm-sW-t∂m-

¿°p-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ At∏mƒ hSnbpw a‰pw D≠m-bn-cp-

∂n√ F∂m-sWs‚ Hm¿Ω. Ah¿ \mep-t]-cn¬ IqSp-I-bn-s√-∂m-

tWm¿Ω. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw I´-∏p-dØp tXmakpw Btem-Nn® B

Btem-N-\-bpsS e-am-bn v Bfp-Isf skan-\m-cn-bn-te-°-b-®Xv F∂v

Fs‚ kz¥ Adn-hp-sIm-≠v ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ]ns‰-Zn-hkw Fß-s\-

sbm-s°-bmWv IrXyw \S-∂-sX∂p Rm≥ At\z-jn-®p. IrXyw I≠-

h-cn¬ Nne-tcm-sSm-s°bpw thsd Nne-tcmSpw Rm≥ tNmZ-n®-dn-™n-

´p≠v. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ H∂pw c≠pw Ipin-\n-°m-tcmSpw Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-

bnse H∂p-c≠p t]tcmSpw Rm≥ tNmZn-®-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p-≠v. Rm≥

t\cn- mWv tNmZn-®-Xv. IrXy-Øns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw t]meo-kp-Im¿ Fs‚-

b-Sp-°¬ h∂n-√. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ aW-∏p-dØpIqsS Hcp

Znhkw t]mbn F∂p ]d-™p -tI-´p. AXv IrXy-Øns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-h-k-

am-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂m-tWm¿Ω. ]n∂oSv t]meo-kp-Im¿ Cu tIk-t\z-j-

W-Øn\v h∂n-´p-≠v. GXp Znh-k-am-sW∂p \n›-b-an-√. ]c-ta-iz-c≥

]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvSdpw ]n∂oSv G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Hcp _m“-

W\pw AhnsS h∂n-cp-∂p. t]meokv Akn-Ã‚ v kq]≠pw h∂n-

cp∂p. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS‰v tKmhn-µ-∏n≈ Cu tIk-t\z-j-W-Øn\mbn

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂-Xm-b-dn-hn-√. Rm≥ I≠-Xm-tbm¿°p-∂n-√.

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Ft∂mSv tNmZn-°msX Xs∂ IrXyw I≠

Bfp-I-fpsS hnhcw Ah¿ Xnc°n Adn-™n- p-≠v. ]ns∂ Ah¿ Fs‚

ASp-°¬ h∂v tNmZn® hnh-c-ßƒs°√mw Rm≥ adp-]-Snbpw ]d™p.

AXtb D≠m-bn-´p-≈p. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈bpw G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-

IvSdpw Hcp-an®pw h∂n-´p-≠v. c≠m-bn´pw h∂n-´p-≠v. BZyw t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈ h∂v FX Znhkw Ign-™n-´mWv

G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ h∂-sX-t∂m¿°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ Fs‚ apdn-

bn¬ h∂v Fs∂ ImWp∂ kwK-Xn-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv Cu ]d-™-

sXms°. Bƒ°q´w IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Ak-ly-s∏-Sp-Ønb

kwKXnsb∏‰n Rm≥ Fs‚ t]cp- sh®v l¿Pn-Iƒ sImSp-Ø-Xmbn

Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Rm≥ ]d-™n´pw thsd Bcpw l¿Pn sImSp-Øn-ń-√.

F∂m¬ Nne siΩm-i-∑mcpw a¬]m\pw l¿Pn sImSp-Ø-Xmbn tIń-

´p-≠v. Cu IrXy-sØ-∏‰n Rms\mcp Iºn Ab-®n- p-≠v. Znhm≥Pnt°m

dkn-U-≠nt\m t]meokv kq]-≠nt\m F∂p \n›-b-an-√. a´-bv°¬

IØ-\mcpw Iºn Ab-®p -Im-Wpw. Rm≥ Ab® Iºn-bpsS hmN-I-

ßƒ F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. Cu tIkn¬ Rm≥ Ipsd ]W-sams°

sNe-hm-°n-bn- p-≠v. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ h∂-t∏mƒ IrXyw- I≠

97B\-∏m∏n

km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cpt∂m C√tbm F∂p Rm\-t\z-

jn-®n-ń-√. C≥kvs]-IvS¿ B Imcyw Ft∂mSv tNmZn-®n-ń-√.

a -bv°¬ IØ-\m¿ Iºn-Iƒ Ab-®p-Im-Wpw. Ab-®n- p-s≠-∂mWv

Adn-hv. Ipgn-a‰w ]≈n-bn¬ Rm≥ t]mIm≥ CS-h-∂n-ń-√. B ]≈n-

°m¿ Fs‚ `c-WsØ hg-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Nne-sc√mw hg-ßm-

sXbpw ImWptam C√tbm F∂-dn-hn-√.

7 apX¬ 11 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ Ipcy≥.

]co-°p-ńsb sIm≠p-h∂ Ip™q™pw, kn. sP. Ipcy\pw

tPyjvTm-\p-P-∑m-cpsS a°-fmWv. B Ip™q™v am¿§-kw-_-‘-amb

hmZ-Øn¬ Fs‚ I£n-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv t]Sn-bm¿°n\v ae-¶ck`

ta¬ euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Dƒ`-c-Whpw Ds≠∂pw Cs√∂pw hmZn-

°p∂ c≠v I£n-I-fn¬ Fs‚ I£n-I-fn¬ tN¿∂ Bfm-Wv. tIm´-

bØv henb]≈n sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cpsS ]≈n-bm-Wv. sX°pw-`m-K-

°m¿°v Rm\pw kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-bhpw kΩ-Xn®v Hcp saXm-\p-

≠m-bn-ń-√. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cpsS Iq´-

Øn¬\n∂v Hcmsf Hcp saXm-\mbn hmgn-®n-´p-≠v. IrXy-k-a-bØv

]m¿∞-\bv°v t]msb∂v ]d-™Xv Znh-tk\ ]Xn-hp≈ ]m¿∞-\-

bm-Wv. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]m¿∞-\bv°v aWn-b-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. aWn-bSn-

°p∂Xv siΩm-i-∑mcpw kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-Ø-°m-cmb a‰p-≈-hcpw h∂p-

Iq-Sp-∂-Xn-te-°m-Wv. ]m¿∞-\ kpdn-bm\n mj-bn-em-Wv. a‰p≈ Bfp-

Iƒ°pw h∂v Bcm-[\ Ign-°p-∂-Xn\p hntcm-[-an-√. Rmb-dm-gvNbv°v

P\-ßƒ IqSp-tºmƒ Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øp-∂Xv kpdn-bm\n mj-bn-emWv.

a‰p≈ Bfp-Ifpw h∂v Bcm-[\ Ign-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√. Rmb-

d-mgvNbv°v P\-ßƒ IqSp-tºmƒ Ip¿∫m\ \S-Øp-∂Xv kpdn-bm-\n-

bn¬ sNm√n ]ns∂ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ X¿÷a sNbvXm-Wv. ]m∏n acn-®-

Xn-s\-∏‰n ]m∏n-bpsS `mcybv°v Rm≥ Adn-hp- sIm-Sp-Øn-ń-√. Rm≥

i´wsIń-bp-an-√. ka-cn-t°kv D≠mb DSs\ ]kv P]vXn sNbvX-Xn-

\m¬ ]Ømw ]Xn ]kv tPmen-bn¬ \n∂v Xmt\ amdn-t∏m-bn. skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ t]meo-kp-Imsc Nne-t∏mƒ I≠n-cp-∂p. skan-\mcn _¥-

thm-kvXn-\m-bn-´msW∂mWv Adn-hv. AXn¬ Hcp ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-

_nƒ IqSn Ds≠-∂m-W-dn-hv. t]meo-kp-Imcpw IqSn \ap°v hntcm-[n-

I-fm-bn-´mWv IrXyw \S-Øn-b-sX∂pw tIń-´p-≠v. ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-

_nƒ IqsS ASn-®-Xmbpw ]d-™-sX-t∂m¿Ω-bn-√.

dohmZw

Znh-tk\ sshIp-t∂-c-ap≈ kpdn-bm\n ]m¿∞-\sb ae-bm-f-

98 B\-∏m∏n

Øn¬ X¿÷a sNøm-dn-√. sshIp-t∂-csØ ]m¿∞-\bv°pw

ImesØ ]m¿∞-\bv°pw km[m-c-W-bmbn tZl-c-£-°m¿ hcnI

]Xn-hn-√. Ahn-sS-bp≈ the-°mcpw Ipin-\n-°mcpw kao-]-ap≈ P\-

ßfpw B ]m¿∞-\bv°v hcmdp ]Xn-hn-√. tIm´-bØv henb]≈n-

bn¬ F\n-°pw Iqdn-temkv saXm\pw hS-°pw-`m-K-°m¿°v F√m-

h¿°pw B ]≈n-bn-ep≈ I¿Ω-Øn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn\p

bmsXmcp hntcm-[-hp-an-√. sX°pw-`m-K-°m-cp-sSbpw hS-°pw-`m-K-°m-

cp-sSbpw I¿Ω-Øn\p bmsXmcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√.

99B\-∏m∏n

III

Fw. F. A®s‚ samgnt]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mKsØ 14˛mw km£n-bmbn ^m. ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-

Kokv (Fw. F. A®≥. ]n∂oSv _Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv) \¬Inb

samgn:

""Rm≥ Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-Wv. Ign™ ao\-

am-k-Øn¬ Rm≥ tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ign™ ao\w 17˛mw

XobXn sshIp-t∂cw 5 aWn°v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn. am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-®s\ ImWm-\mWv Rm≥ t]mb-Xv. Rm≥

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ib-dn-t∏m-Ip-tºmƒ c≠v apl-Ω-Zo-bsc skan-\mcn

ap‰-Øp -h®p I≠p. Ah¿ Fs∂ I≠p-sIm≠v Ah¿ XΩn¬ kwkm-

cn-°p-Ibpw Ing-t°m´v \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ing-t°m´v \S-

∂p-t]m-bXv Ingt° Kbn-‰ns‚ ASp-°-te-°m-Wv. B apl-Ω-Zo-b¿

Rm≥ AhnsS sN∂-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bpsS hSt° ap‰Øv Ccn-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ saXm-®-s\bpw I≠pw-h®v XncnsI h≠n-bn¬

Ib-dm≥ mhn-®-t∏mƒ h≠n-°m-c≥ XSw ]d-™p. h≠n-bn¬ Rm≥

C√msX Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ c≠p-aq∂p apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ h∂v Bcp -h∂ h≠n-

bm-sW∂pw Ft∏mƒ XncnsI t]mIp-sa∂pw a‰pw tNmZn®pw ht®®p

t]mbn F∂pw h≠n XncnsI t]mIp-tºmƒ h≠nsb D]-Z-hn-°p-

sa∂pw Abmƒ ]d-™p. bmsXm∂pw D≠m-I-bn-s√∂v ]d-™p-

sIm≠v Rm≥ h≠n-bn¬ Ib-dn. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw GI-tZiw

c≠v ^¿temwKv Ing-t°m´v t]mb-t∏mƒ 12˛15 Bfp-Iƒ Fs‚ h≠n

XS-™p. h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv h≠n \ndpØm≥ ]d-™pw-sh®v h≠n ]nSn-

®p-\n-dp-Øn. ap‰Øp \n∂n-cp∂ apl-Ω-Zo-bsc I≠m¬ Rm≥

Adnbpw. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-Isf t\m°n. 1 Dw 3 Dw ]Xn-I-fm-Wv

skan-\m-cn-bpsS ap‰Øv Ccp-∂-hcpw XΩn¬ kwkm-cn-®pw-h®v Ing-

t°m´v \S-∂p-t]m-bXpw. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ aptº sN∂v h≠n ]nSn-®p-

\n-dp-Øn. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ ]pd-In¬ h∂v Fs‚ h≠n Xpd-∂p. h≠n-

bn¬ \n∂v Xmsg-bn-d-ßm≥ 1˛mw ]Xn Ft∂m-Sm-h-iys∏´p. tdmUn¬-

°qSn t]mIp∂ Bfp-Isf XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw Xmsg Cd-ßm≥ ]d-bp-∂-

Xn\pw \ymb-apt≠m F∂v Rm≥ tNmZn-®p. SÃn-I-fpsS Bfp-I-fmbn

Ahsc Imh-en\p \nb-an-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v

Fs¥-¶nepw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-t∂m- C-√tbm F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥

Ah¿°v I¿Øhyw Ds≠∂pw H∂mw ]Xn DØcw ]d-™p.

100 B\-∏m∏n

F∂m¬ ]cn-tim-[n-®p-sIm-≈Ww F∂p Rm≥ DØcw ]d-™p. Rm≥

h≠n-bn¬\n∂p Xmsg Cd-ßn-bn-√. ]ns∂ Fs‚ DSp-∏-gn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v

H∂mw ]Xn ]d-™p. DSp-∏-gn®p ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ F∂p Rm≥

]d™p. Abmƒ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ Ccp∂ hSn°v Ib-dn-∏n-Sn-®p. Rm≥

DSs\ hn´p-I-f-™p. hSn Abmƒ ssI°-em-°n. B hSn-tbbpw H∂mw

]Xn-bpsS ssIbn-ep≠mbn-cp∂ hSn-tbbpw Cu \n¬°p∂ 3˛mw ]Xn-

bpsS ssIbn-em-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p sImSp-Øpw-h®v Fs‚ h≠n-°-

IØv Ib-dm≥ `mhn-®p. Abmƒ Nhn-´p-]-Sn-bn¬ Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ ]pd-

In¬\n∂p thsdm-cmƒ Abm-fpsS ssI°p sXm´p Ib-d≠m F∂v

AS-bmfw ImWn-®-Xm-bn-´mWv Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv. 1˛mw ]Xn

DSs\ Xmsg-bn-d-ßn. 1˛mw ]Xn-bpsS ssIbn¬ sXm´-Xm-cm-sW∂v

t\m°n-bn-√. hfsc ]cn- -a-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ Rm≥ Ccp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v sXm -

bm-fns\ Rm≥ kq£n-®p-t\m-°n-bn-√. ]ns∂ B Iq´-Øn¬ Btcm

Hcp-h≥ Abm-fpsS Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v Fs‚ h≠nsb H∂-Sn-®p. Ah-

cpsS F√m-h-cpsS ssIbnepw Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv AXn-

sem-cmƒ s]mbvt°m F∂p ]d-™p. Rm≥ h≠n hn´p-t]m-bn. Ah¿

skan-\mcn `mK-tØ°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ aWn

Bdc Bbn-°m-Wpw. \nem-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \n¬°p∂ aq∂mw

]Xn B Iq´-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B Iq´-Øn¬ Cu \n¬°p∂

11˛mw ]Xn D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v \n›-b-ambn ]d-bmw. tijw ]Xn-

Iƒ Bsc√mw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bm≥ \n›-b-an-√. Rm≥

saXm-®s‚ apdn-bn-te°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Cu 11˛mw ]Xn skan-\mcn

\Sp-ap-‰Øv Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ A©p -aWn Bbn-°mWpw.

11˛mw ]Xnsb AXn-\p -apºpw Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-

Isf A∂mWv Rm≥ BZyw I≠-Xv. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ hSt°

ap‰-Øn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂v

Rm≥ kq£n-®n-√. Ah¿ DSs\ Fgp-t∂‰v Ing-t°m´v hcp-tºmƒ

Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B hSn-Iƒ°v Hcp

ssItbmfw \ofhpw Hcp ssI hÆhpw ImWpw. Rm≥ Cu kwK-Xn-

sb-∏‰n Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS‰v Ah¿Iƒ°v FgpXn Ab-®n-´p-≠v. AXv

\me-©p -Zn-hkw Ign-™m-Wv. B Fgp-ØmWv Fs∂ ImWn® Iyp

A°w. Iyp A°-Øn\p apºmbn Rm≥ sI. hn. Nmt°m slUvam-

Ãsd Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ ]d-™-b-®p. Cu kwKXn

aPn-kvtS-‰n-t\mSp tNmZn®v At±-l-tØmSp KpW-tZmjw tNmZn-°m-\m-

bn-´mWv Nmt°m slUvam-Ãsd ]d-™-b-®-Xv. Rm≥ ]nt‰Znhkw

ImesØ UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰ns\ I≠v hnhcw ]d-bm-\m-bn´v

t]mbn. Fs‚ hnkn-‰nwKv Im¿Uv sImSp-Øn´p At±-l-Øn\p ITn-\-

101B\-∏m∏n

amb Pe-tZm-j-am-sW∂pw 3 aWn Ign-™n´v ImWm-sa∂pw ]d-™-

b-®p. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Xncn-®p-t]m-∂p. A∂p sshIp-t∂cw Rm≥

t]mbn-√. ]cn-àw aqew F\n-s°mcp Xe-th-Z\ h∂-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥

t]mbn-√. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ Nmt°m slUvam-Ã¿

t]mbpw-sh®v aS-ßn-h-∂p. Rm≥ A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v aPn-

kvtS‰v D]-tZ-in-®Xmbn Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. Rm≥ A\ymbw sImSp-

Øn-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ AXns‚ ]nt‰Zn-hkw sIme-]m-XIw

D≠m-Ip-Ibpw AXv k¿∆-]-[m-\-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]nt‰-

Znhkw Rmb-dm-gvNbpw AXns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw tIm¿´v tlmfn-tU-bp-

am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-s‚-tijw IjvSm-\p-`hBgvN apgp-h\pw Rßƒ°v

hX-ap≈ Znh-k-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iyp A°w FgpØv Fgp-Xm≥

kwK-Xn-bm-bXv apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS ieyw Fs‚ t\¿°v D≠m-Ip-sa∂v

kwibw tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv. AXn\v Imc-W-ap-≠m-bn. 2˛3 Znh-k-

Øn\p apºv 5˛6 apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Fs‚ ]pc-bn-S-Øn\p Np‰p-ap≈ DuSp-

h-gn-Iƒ t\m°n \n›-b-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v Fs‚ the-°m-c≥ ]d™v

Rm\-dn-™p. AXns\ AX -Xs∂ Rm≥ hI-sh-®n-√. Iyp A°w

Fgp-Xnb Znhkw cmhnse 3 apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ ]n®m-Ønbpw Ipdp-h-Sn-bp-

am-bn v Fs‚ Kbn-‰p-hsc h∂n-cp∂p F∂v Fs‚ the-°m-c≥ ]d™p.

DS-s\-bmWv Iyp A°w FgpØv Rms\-gp-Xn-b-Xv. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn-®p-

]-dn® kwK-Xnbpw a‰pw t]meo-kp-Imsc Rm≥ Adn-bn-®n-√. F¥p-

sIm-s≠-∂m¬ A∂n-cp∂ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Iqkv F∂-bmƒ

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ I£n-tbmSv A\p-Iq-e-ambn \S-°p-∂-XpsIm≠v

t]meo-kn¬ Adn-bn-®m¬ ]tbm-P-\-an√ F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®-Xp-

sIm-≠m-Wv. t]meokv Akn-Ã‚ v kq]≠v Dt≠m F∂v i\n-bmgvN

Znhkw At\z-jn-®-Xn¬ At±lw k¿°o´p t]mbn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v

Rm\-dn-™p. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p ]dn® ka-bØv H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-

I-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ F\n-°-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 18- mw XobXn D®-I-gn™v

Ah-cpsS t]cv Adn-™p. H∂mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv Iam-ep-Zo\m-sW-∂-

d-n™p. 11-˛mw ]Xn sNdn-bms‚ t]cv Fs‚ hSn ]nSn-®p-]-dn® ka-

bØv F\n-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. SÃn F∂v H∂mw ]Xn ]d-™-t∏mƒ

kn. sP. Ipcy-\m-sW-∂mWv Rm≥ a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv. B ImeØv

At±lw SÃn F∂v hmZn-®p-sIm≠v hcp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. ao\w

17˛mw XobXn ASpØp apºv 1˛2 Znh-k-tØmfw Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ t]mIm-dn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-apºv Cu ]Xn-I-fn¬ 10 Dw 11 Dw

]Xn-I-sf-b-√msX tijwt]sc skan-\m-cn-bn¬h®v Rm≥ I≠n-ń√.

acn® ]m∏n knΩ-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS tZl-

c-£-bv°m-Wv. tZl-c-£-°m-cmbn 5˛8 t]cn¬ Ipd-bmsX ao\w 18-˛mw

102 B\-∏m∏n

XobXn hsc-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°p sIm≠p-

t]m-b-Xn-\p-tijw Rm\pw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ t]mbn- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ggc,

F´p- a-Wn°v Rm≥ Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ FØn. ]gbknΩ-\m-cn-bn¬

\n∂p ]oen-t∏mkv siΩm-i≥ HmSn-h∂v ]m∏nsb ASn-®n-ń-cn-°p-∂p-

sh∂pw NØp-t]m-tb-°p-sa∂pw ]d-™p. Rm≥ c≠p kvt\ln-X-

∑msc Bf-b®p hcpØn Ah-tcmSv Cu Imcyw kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂p. At∏mƒ At©ap-°m¬ aWn-bm-Ipw. kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-

∂-t∏m-gmWv ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂v

Bƒ h∂p ]d-™-Xv. Rm≥ DSs\ Bip-]-Xn°p t]mbn. At∏mƒ

]m∏n-tbmSp kwkm-cn-®n-√. kwkm-cn-°m≥ ian-®n-√. Rm≥ AhnsS

sN∂-t∏mƒ tUmIvS¿ kmbn∏v ]m∏n-tbmSp \ne-hn-fn®p kwkm-cn-

°p-∂Xpw, ]m∏n sRc-ßp-∂Xpw tI´p. AXp-sIm≠v Abm-tfmSp

kwkm-cn-®n´v ]tbm-P-\-an-s√∂p I≠-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ kwkm-cn-°m≥

ian-®n-√. Rm≥ A∂p cmXn ]Øp- a-Wn°v tij-amWv Bip-]-Xn-

bn¬\n∂p t]mb-Xv. B¿ A°w Rm≥ IΩn‰n aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºn¬

sImSpØ samgn-bm-Wv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn-

ń-√. Ipw`-amkw a≤y-Im-eØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tXßm CSp-∂-Xn-s\-

∏‰n Hcp el-f-bp-≠m-b-Xn\p tijw Zoh-∂m-tkymkp saXm-®s\

FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ X√p-sa∂v Hcp kwkm-c-ap-≠m-bn. AXp-tI´v ]cn-`-

an®v ]e ]≈n-°m¿ saXm-®s‚ tZl-c-£-bv°mbn Bfp-Isf

Ab®p. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. FXn¿ I£n-

bpsS Bfp-Iƒ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bfp-I-sf-

bm-Wv. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcp-∂p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. BZyw am∏n-f-am-

cmWv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. saXms‚ tZl-c-£bv°v Bfp-Iƒ D≠v

F∂v Rm≥ Adn-™-Xn-\p-tijw apl-Ω-Zo-bsc hcp-Øn-sb∂p tI´p.

apl-Ω-Zo-bsc hcp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbXv

ao\w 17-˛\p amX-am-Wv. tXßm C´-Xn-\p-tijw AhnsS skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw thsd am∏n-f-amcpw h∂p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂p. Iq´w-Iq- -ambn´mWv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬

hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p Rm≥ kq£n-®n-√. B¿ A°w samgn-

bn¬ H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Isf ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-I-fpsS Iq´-

Øn¬ tN¿Øp ]d-™-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Øpw

]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf Rm≥ BZyw apXte AhnsS ImWp-∂p≠v.

H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Isf ao\w 17-˛\p amXta I≠n-´p-≈p.

H∂p apX¬ Bdp-hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImv

Fs‚ hoSv amth-en-°-c-bm-Wv. Rm≥ ]Wn-°cp ho´p-Im-c-\m-Wv.

103B\-∏m∏n

Fs‚ IpSpw-_-tØ°v amth-en-°-c-∏-≈n-bn¬ ssIÿm\w C√.

F∂m¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂pw Nnesc ssIÿm-\n-I-fmbn \nb-an-

°p-Ibpw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v; sNøp-∂p-ap-≠v. 87- -m-am≠v Fs‚

IpSpw-_Øp \n∂mcpw ssIÿm\w \S-Øn-bn-ń-√. ]≈n \S-]Sn \S-

Øp∂ IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Fs‚ In≥_-Z¿ Hcp saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-

fpsS t]cv tXmakv ]Wn-°-sc-∂m-Wv.

Fs‚ \mem-asØ Xe-ap-d-bn-ep≈ Ikn≥ _Z-dm-Wv. Ipw`-am-k-

Ønse tXßm CSo-ens\ kw_-‘n-®p-≠mb el-f-sb-∏‰n Rm≥

amth-en-°-cbv°v FgpXn Abt®m Ft∂m¿°p-∂n-√. hmZn-`mKw 9˛mw

km£n Cutimsb Adn-bpw. Abmƒ Fs‚ hoSn\v Ipsd-b-I-se-

bm-Wv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. Rm≥ Abmsf amth-en-°-c-bn¬ h®v Adn-bpw.

Abm-fpsS sXmgn¬ F¥m-sW∂v Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Rm≥ 14 h¿j-

Øn\p apºv Fs‚ hoSp- hn´v aZm-knepw a‰pw ]Tn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

tIm -bØv ÿnc-Xm-akw XpS-ßn-bn v Bdv h¿j-am-bn. hmZn-hI 12˛mw

km£n tbml-∂ms\ Adn-bpw. Abm-fpsS hoSv Fs‚ hoSn\v ASp-

Øm-Wv. Abm-fpsS sXmgn¬ F¥m-sW∂v Adn-™p-Iq-Sm. Rm≥

sht°-j≥ ImeØv amth-en-°-cbv°v t]mIpw. Rm≥ Fw.Un. skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-Wv. F\n°v AXn\v iº-f-ap-≠v. Rm≥

saXms‚ I£n -X-s∂. saXms‚ I£n Pbn-s®-¶nte F\n°v

iºfw In´p-I-bp-≈p F∂n-√. ae-¶c CS-h-I-sb-∏‰n Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

saXm-®\pw, Iqdn-temkv saXm-®\pw XΩn¬ X¿°w \S-°p-∂p.

saXm-\√ Fs∂ ]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn \nb-an-®-Xv. \nb-an-°p-∂Xpw

iºfw Xcp-∂Xpw amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰n-bm-Wv. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn

kw_-‘n®p ]pXnb amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n CubnsS Fßpw D≠m-bn-

ń√. Fw.Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰n-bn¬ ae-¶c saXm≥

]kn-U‚mWv.- Fs‚ h≠n-°m-c≥ Ft∂mSv XSw ]d-™-t∏mƒ

F\n°v `bw tXm∂n-bn-√.- Fs‚ h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv tNmZn-°p-Ibpw

]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX Bfp-Iƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ BfpI-fm-sW∂pw

B Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v siΩm-i-∑mscbpw a‰pw D]-Z-hn-

°p∂p F∂pw F\n-°-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. siΩm-i-∑m¿, Ahsc D]-

Z-hn-°p∂ Imcy-sØ-∏‰n Ft∂mSv Bh-emXn ]d-™n-´p-≠v. AXv

A∂p Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv ao\w 17-˛\v D®-bv°mWv. A∂p

siΩm-i-∑m¿ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°m≥ `b-am-

Ip∂p F∂pw, Ah¿°v Ah-cpsS hoń¬ t]mIp-∂-Xn\v Rm≥ A\p-

hmZw sImSp-°-W-sa∂pw Ft∂mSv ]d-™p. apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ ImWn-°p∂

AXn-Iaw `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ amX-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v kwibw th≠m-sb∂pw,

104 B\-∏m∏n

Rm≥ Ah-tcmSv KpW-tZm-jn-®-b-®p. Xń∏p sIm≠v saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-tbbpw siΩm-i-∑m-tcbpw AhnsS\n∂v HmSn-°m-\mWv FXn¿I-

£n-bpsS iaw F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Aßns\

]d-™-Xv. Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p ]dn-®-Xn\p tijw Rm≥ aPn-kvtS-

ńs‚ hoSn\p kao]w IqSn-bmWv Fs‚ Xma-k-ÿ-e-tØ°v t]mbXv.

F∂m¬ aPn-kvtS´v B hgn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p F∂v ]n∂o-Sp≈

At\z-j-W-Ønte F\n°v a\-n-em-bp-≈p. Xmeq°v aPn-kvtS´pw

Rm\pw ]ªnIv ÿe-ß-fn¬ h®v I≠v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠v. Rßƒ XΩn¬

kwkm-cn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. At±-ls-Ø Rm≥ hoń¬ t]mbn I≠n-ń-√.

Fs‚ hSn ]nSn®p]dn-®-Xn-s\-∏‰n A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sa∂v Rm≥

hnNm-cn-®n-√. AXp-amXncn AIaw taen¬ \S-°msX th≠ G¿∏mSv

sNø-W-sa∂v amXta Btem-N\ t]mbp-≈p. AXn-s\-∏‰n ÿesØ

A[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSp tNmZn-®-Xn\v tijw \n›-bn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Rm≥

Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.- F-∂m¬ B D]-tZiw hmßn-°m-\m-bn-´mWv Rm≥

UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-ńs‚ ASp-°¬ t]mbXpw Nmt°msb Ab-®-

Xpw. ]oen-t∏mkv h°o¬ Fs‚ Hcp kvt\ln-X-\m-Wv. Rm≥ A∂v

t]mb hgn-°mWv B h°o¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B h°o¬ A∂v

tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Rm\pw Nmt°m slUvam-Ãdpw A∂v Hcp-

an-®mWv ]nt‰-Zn-hkw D±n-jvS-Im-cy-Øn\v t]mb-Xv. A∂p-®-tbmSp IqSn

Nmt°m slUvam-Ã-dpsS A`n-]mbw A\ymbw sImSp-°≠m F∂m-

bn-cp∂p. Rm≥ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v BtemNn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏m-gmWv

A∂p sshIp-t∂-cØv sIme-]m-XIw D≠m-b-Xv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw

Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ t]mbn ]m∏nsb I≠Xv saXms‚ hmey-°m-c-\mWv

]m∏n-sb-∂p≈ A`n-am\w sIm≠m-Wv. Rßƒ \mep-t]cpw saXm≥

I£n-bn¬ tN¿∂-h-cm-Wv. amΩ≥am-∏nf am¿ U-b-t\-jyv skan-

\mcn IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Hcp saº-dm-Wv. F\n°v amkw A≥]Xp cq]m

iº-f-ap-≠v. Fw.F. A®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ BfmWv Rm≥. aZmkv

bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse Fw.F. BWv. hmZn-Iƒ H∂mw km£n-tbmSv

Bip-]-Xn-°-IØv h®v samgn hmßn-®-t∏mƒ Rm\pw Fs‚ kvt\ln-

X-∑mcpw Bip-]-Xn°p ]pd-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw km£n t]meo-kn¬

samgn sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Abm-tfmSv Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®n-ń-√.

Abmsf AXn\p apºv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-an-√. Rm\pw Fs‚ kvt\ln-

X-∑mcpw Hcp-an-®mWv Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw aS-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. ]oen-

t∏mkv siΩm-»≥ Fs‚ ÃpU‚m-Wv. Abmƒ kzbta HmSn h∂v

Ft∂mSv kwKXn ]d-™-Xm-Wv. A∂v Iqkv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Rm≥

kwkm-cn-®n- n-√. Rm≥ Akn-Ã‚ v kq]-≠n-t\mSv Cu SuWn¬ s]m -

£≥ t]mcm F∂p ]d-™n-´p-≠v. sIme-]m-X-I-t°-kn¬ sXfn-hn-

105B\-∏m∏n

t\-∏‰n Rm≥ kwkm-cn-®n-ń-√. Adp-apJw ]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Bf-

bn-®n´v Rm≥ t]meokv tÃj-\n¬ Hcp Znhkw t]mbn-cp-∂p. Rm≥tÃj-\-IØv thsd Hcp Znh-khpw Cu tIkv \S-∂-t∏mgpw t]mbn-ń-√. Cu tIkv kw_-‘n®v hmZn `mKw km£n-I-fpsS t]cv Rm≥Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øn- n-√. tXßm CSm-\m-bn- mWv BZyw kn. sP. Ipcy≥Bfp-Isf ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Abmƒ Bfp-

Isf tiJ-cn-®Xv saXm-®s\ AhnsS\n∂pw ]pd-Øm-°m-\m-Wv. Ipw -amkw a≤y-Øn¬ Ipsd tXß skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v _e-ambn kn.sP. Ipcy≥ sIm≠p-t]m-sb∂pw tI´p. AXn-s\-∏‰n t^m¿a¬ Iwπ-bn‚ v sImSp-Øn-ń-√. Rm≥ UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-ń¬ Hcp l¿PnsImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. saXms‚ tZl-c-£-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv. Ign™ [\p -amk-Øn-emsW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. sslt°m¿ńse hn[n. AXm-bXv

ao\-amkw 17-˛mw XobXn Rm≥ saXms\ ImWm-\mbn sN∂-t∏mƒNne apl-Ω-Zo-b¿, saXm≥ hcm-¥-bn¬ IqSn \S∂pt]mIp-tºmƒhgnamdmsX \n∂p If-™p F∂v saXm≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A√msX thsd tZtlm-]-Zhw D≠m-b-Xmbn Ft∂mSp ]d-

™n-ń-√.

7 apX¬ 11 hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImv

10-˛mw ]Xnsb Rm≥ ]Øv ]Xns\m∂v h¿j-ambn Adn-bpw.

Abmƒ°v ]gbskan-\mcn ]n¬ Ft¥m tPmen D≠mbn-cp-∂p.Iqdn-temkv saXms‚ IqSn 10-˛Dw 11-˛Dw ]Xn-Iƒ°v tPmen-bp-≈-Xmbn Rm≥ Adn-™n-ń-√. At±-l-Øns‚ apd-n°-cn-In¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf I≠n-´p-≠v. 18-˛mw XobXn D®bv°v c≠v siΩm-i-∑m¿ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂-t∏m-gmWv H∂mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv Iamep-

Zo≥ F∂m-sW∂v Rm≥ Adn-™-Xv. ]oen-t∏mkv siΩm-»-≥ Ft∂mSv]d-™t∏mƒ Abmƒ ]m∏nsb It≠m F∂v tNmZn-®p. I≠n√F∂p ]d-™p. Abmƒ ]d-™Xv k‘ybv°v Aev]w apºmWv.hnf°v hbv°p-hm-\p≈ kabw GI-tZ-i-ambn. ao\w 18-˛mw XobXnsIme-]m-X-I-sØ-∏‰n tI´-bp-Ss\ sI. kn. amXyp h°o-ens\ Bf-b-®p-h-cpØn. A∂v AXn\p apºv h°o-ens\ Rm≥ I≠n-√. hSn

]nSn®p ]dn® Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v h°o-en-t\mSv Rm≥ Btem-Nn-®n-√.IjvSm-\p-`-h-hm-gvN-bn¬ hymghpw sh≈nbpw ][m-\-am-Wv. Rm≥

]≈n-bn¬ t]mIbpw I¿Ωw sNøp-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

do

]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠ph∂ kµ¿`Øn¬ hmZn-hI 1˛mw

km£n-bpsS samgn t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ hmßn-®-t∏mƒ hfsc

Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

106 B\-∏m∏n

IV

am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ samgnB\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ ]utemkv am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bpsS samgn:

Rm≥ Ign™ ao\ -amkw 18˛mw XobXn hsc ]gbskan-\m-cn-

bn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. At∂-Zn-hkw ]I¬ aq∂-c -aWn ka-bØv

Rm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipa-c-IØv ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mbn.

B ]≈n-°m-cpsS At]-£-]-Imcw hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ AhnsS

Xma-kn-°mat√m F∂p hnNm-cn®v Rm≥ t]mbn. Cu \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-

Isf t\m°n. CXn¬ ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Isf Rm≥ Adnbpw.

tijwt]sc Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ

Fs‚- IqsS Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Fs‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ X]m-enepw

A©-enepw ]≈n-I-fnepw sIm≠p sImSp-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SsØ adp-

]Sn hmßn®p sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bp-amWv ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-I-

fpsS the. Ign™ Ipw`w, ao\w Cu amk-ß-fn¬ ]gbskan-\m-cn-

bn¬ Rm\-√msX saXm-\m-bn´v thsd Bcpw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

Ct∏mƒ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Fs∂m-cm-fn-√. skan-

\mcn kw_-‘n®v Hcp ka-cn-t°-kp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXv 87˛mw B≠n-

em-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. B ka-cn-t°-knse FXn¿ I£n-bpw, am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw apS-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xphsc am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp-∂Xpw Bb Koh-dp-Kokv

F∂-bmƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Ipw`w, ao\w Cu amk-ß-fn¬ Xma-k-ap-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Fs‚ Bfp-Isf

Btcbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hn´pw-sh-®√ t]mb-Xv. Rm≥ IrXy-Zn-hkw

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbXn\p-tijw Xncnsb skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ CXp-hsc t]mbn-ń-√. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ Xma-kn-

®n-cp∂ apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ IqSn Ipa-c-I-tØ°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn.

IrXy-Zn-hkw D®bv°pw D®-I-gn™pw ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-

Iƒ Ft∂mSv Ah-[nbpw hmßn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn

Abm-fpsS `mcy-ho-ń-te°pw ]Ømw ]Xn Hcp sshZys‚ hoń-te-

°p-amWv t]mb-Xv. GXp sshZys‚ hoSm-sW∂v \n›-b-an-√. Rm≥

Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ Fs‚ hI Npcp°w Nne kmam-\-ßƒ

amXw Rm≥ IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-bn. tijw Fs‚ kmam-\-ßƒ skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ Fs‚ apdn-I-fn¬ InS-°p-∂p. A°c ]m∏-®s\ Adn-bpw.

107B\-∏m∏n

Abmƒ Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v Xncn-®-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ D≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™ ao\w 18˛mw XobXn ]m∏-®≥ skan-\m-cn-bn¬

h∂n-cp-∂n-√. Abmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcnI ]Xn-hp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Znh-kw-]Xn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hc-Ø-°-hÆw Htc¿-

∏mSv Abmsf G¬]n-®n-ń-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Abmƒ ]Xn-s\´mw

XobXn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-ń√ F∂p Rm≥ ]d-™Xv. Rm≥ Ipa-

c-I-tØ°v bmX Xncn-®-t∏mƒ Fs‚-IqsS Fs‚ ssd´-dpw, Hcp

siΩm-i-\pw, c≠v Ipin-\n-°m-cpw, Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂v h∂ c≠v h≈-

°m-cpw, Ah-cpsS taemfpw amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. Rm≥ Ipa-c-

I-Øp-t]mbn ]Øp- Zn-hkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw F\n°v aqX-X-S--

Øns‚ Zfiw XpS-ßn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ XncnsI hcm-

™-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-Øp-Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p. B ka-

bØv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂v Fs‚ Nne kmam-\-ßsf FSp-Øp-sIm-

≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\p ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°cnsb Rm≥ tIm´-b-tØ°v

Ab-®n-´p-≠v. Ign™ ao\-amkw 17˛\v Fw. F. Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-

\m¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-cpt∂m C√tbm Fs∂-\n-°-dn-™p -Iq-Sm.

ka-cn-t°-kns‚ Xocp-am\w A\p-k-cn®v skan-\m-cnbpw a‰pw ap≥]-

d™ apS-°-s∏´ saXm≥ Koh-dp-Ko-kn\p \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xmbn

F\n-°-dn-hn-√. Rm≥ Ccn-°p∂ c≠p-aq∂p apdn-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-

Øn-ń-√. Ign™ Ipw`-amkw 18˛mw XobXn kn. sP. Ipcy≥ skan-

\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øn¬ tXßm CSo-°m≥ h∂p. At∏mƒ kn. sP.

Ipcy\pw, apS-°-s∏´ saXms‚ Bfp-Ifpw XΩn¬ X¿°-ap-≠mbn

F∂v a´-bv°¬ IØ-\m¿ Ft∂mSp ]d™v Rm≥ Adn-™n-´p-≠v.

Fs‚ I£n-bn-ep-≈-h¿ At\Iw Bfp-Iƒ ao\-amkw 10˛mw Xob-

Xn-°p-tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp∂p.

AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ apS-°nb saXms‚ `mK-Øp-≈-hcpw skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ hcn-Ibpw t]mIbpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ao\-amkw 10˛mw

Xob-Xn-°p -apºv h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse A√msX A[n-I-am-fp-

Iƒ ao\w ]Ømw Xob-Xn-°p-tijw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂n-√. Fs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°m-bn´v Ascbpw hnti-jn®v \nb-an-®n-

ń√. FXn¿I£n saXms‚ Bfp-Isf \nb-an-®n- pt≠m F∂v F\n°v

\n›-b-an-√. hSn apX-emb Bbp-[-tØm-Sp-IqSn skan-\m-cn-bn-tem,

Fs‚ apdn-bntem Bcpw h∂n-ń-√. Fs‚ Adn-thm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm DØ-c-

thm-Sp-Iq-Sntbm B hI Bfp-Iƒ Bcpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂n-ń-√.

skan-\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Ønepw h∂n-ń-√.

108 B\-∏m∏n

k¿°m¿ h°o¬

Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mIp-∂-Xn\p Rm≥ \n›-bn-®Xv IrXy-Øn\p

c≠m-gvNbv°v apºm-Wv. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn F\n°v t]mIm≥ Ipa-c-

IØp \n∂p h≈w sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa∂v Rm≥ BtcmSpw Bh-iy-

s∏-ń-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™ ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Rm≥ skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Rm≥ B¿°pw-Xs∂ hm°v sImSp-Øn-

ń√. BtcmSpw ]d-™n-´p-an-√. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Ipa-c-I-tØ°v

F\n°v ]pd-s∏-S-W-sa∂v c≠m-gvN-h- -Øn-\p-apºv Fs‚ a\-p-sIm≠v

\n›-bn-®-X-√msX B kwKXn Rm≥ BtcmSpwXs∂ ]d-™n-√.

Ipa-c-I-Øp-Im-cpsS CjvSw-t]mse Ah¿ h≈w sIm≠p-h-cpw, Rm≥

Ib-dn-t∏mIpw F∂-√msX Rm≥ CXmw XobXn t]mIp-sa∂pw A∂p

h≈w sIm≠p-h-cWsa∂pw Rm≥ ap≥Iqń i´w-sIń AX-\p-k-

cn®v h≈w sIm≠p-h-cp∂ ]Xn-hn-√. ao\-amkw 18˛mw XobXn D≠mb

Imcyhpw A]-Im-c-am-Wv. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn Ipa-c-I-Øp-Im¿ h≈w

sIm≠p-h-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ A∂v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. Ah¿

A∂v h≈w sIm≠p-h-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-Øn\p

t]mhp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ At∂ Znhkw thsd GsX-¶nepw

]≈n-bn-te°v amtd-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ thsd ]≈n-I-

fn¬ AXn-\p- apºv t]mIp-tºm-sgms° Fs‚ apdn-bpsS Xmt°m¬

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ siΩm-i-∑msc G¬∏n-t®®v t]mIpw.

Ign™ ao\- amkw 18˛mw XobXn Rm≥ Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mb-t∏mƒ

Fs‚ Bfp-I-sftbm `rXy-∑m-sctbm Bscbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬

B°nbpw sht®-®√ t]mb-Xv. Fs‚ Bfp-Iƒ Bcpw skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ Rm≥ t]mb-Xn-\p-tijw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]tXyI Znh-k-ßƒ

F∂p ]d-™Xv IjvSm-\p-`h BgvN-bm-Wv. AXv F´v Znh-k-am-Wv.

]ns∂ Hcp F´p -Zn-h-kw -IqsS A]-[m-\-am-bn-s -¶nepw \S-Øpw. Rm≥

Ipa-c-I-Øp-t]mbn ]Øp-]-Xn-s\m∂p Znhkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ F\n°v

aqX-X-Sw XpS-ßn. DSs\ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂pw

At∏m-Øn-°ncn Unb-ns\ Ipa-c-IØp hcpØn Rm≥ NnIn-’n®p.

]ns‰-Zn-hkw At∏m-Øn-°ncn ^nen∏v h∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]n∂oSv Abm-

sf-s°m-≠mWv NnIn-’n-∏n-®-Xv. IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI Rm≥

samgn sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ Rm≥ tIm´-bØp h∂p. F∂m¬ ]gbskan-

\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ t]mbn-√, ]mWw]Sn-°¬ ]≈n-bn-emWv Rm≥ Xma-

kn-®-Xv. Ahn-Sp∂v IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI samgn- sIm-Sp-°m≥

tIm´-bØv henb]≈n-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw AhnsS IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v

h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßp-I-bpw sNbvXp. tIm´bw henb]≈n-bn¬

109B\-∏m∏n

\n∂v skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Ac \mgnI Zqc-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ B Ime-

Øp≈ sh≈-s∏m°w sIm≠v h≈w t]mI-W-sa-¶n¬ c≠p-aq∂p

\mgnI th≠n-h-cpw. tdmUv Nne Zn°n¬ apdn-™p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm≠v

h≠n-bn¬ t]mIm≥ ]bm-k-am-Wv. Rm≥ ^nen∏v At∏m-Øn-°n-cn-

bpsS ASp-°¬ Xmt°m¬ sImSp-Ø-b-®mWv kmam\w sIm≠p-h-

cm≥ Ab-®-Xv. Ipa-c-I-ØmWv A°c sIm®p-]m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-ho-Sv.

ao\w 18˛mw XobXn h≈-hpw-sIm≠v Bfp- h-∂n-s√-¶n¬ A∂p ]mW-

ºSn ]≈n-bn-tet°m I√p-¶X ]≈n-bn-tet°m t]mbn ]m¿°-W-

sa-∂mWv Rm≥ hnNm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Rß-fpsS CS-bn¬ c≠v I£n-I-

fmbn Xncn™p \n¬°p-∂p. Rm≥ _mhm-bpsS `mK-Øm-Wv. Fs‚

FXn¿ saXm≥ ap≥]-d™ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-\m-bn-cp∂

Bfm-Wv. Fs‚ ssIhiw Ccp-∂n-cp∂ aq∂p apdn Hgn®p tij-ap-

≈Xv skan-\mcn SÃn-I-fpsS ssIh-i-am-Wv. B SÃn-Iƒ°v tIm¿-

ń¬ \n∂p AXv \SØn sImSp-Øn-´pt≠m F∂p F\n°p \n›-b-

an√. aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ DØchpw]Imcw skan-\m-cnbpw Nm∏epw skan-

\m-cnbn¬ Rßƒ Xma-kn-°p∂ apdn-Iƒ Hgn-®v, tijw apdn-Ifpw

Ae-am-c-Ifpw apZ h®n-´p-≠v. B tiJ-c-Øn¬ Fs‚ apdn-°-I-Øp-

≠m-bn-cp∂ Ae-am-cnbpw apZ -h®p F∂mWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω. Fs‚

apdn-tbmSp sXm´p hS°p hi-Øp≈ Adbpw apZ-h®p F∂mWv Rm≥

hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B Ad Xpd-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Fs‚ apdn-°-I-Øp-IqSn

t]mbn-´p-thWw Xpd-°m≥. kacn aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ hn[n Ign-™-Xn-

\p-tijw tIm¿ń¬ \n∂p Bfp-Iƒ h∂v Fs‚ apdn-bn-ep≈ Ae-

am-cn-bp-sSbpw hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ Ad-bp-sSbpw apZ-Iƒ s]mń-®n-cp∂p.

Aßs\ s]mń®v AXp-Isf G¬]n-®Xv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\-

bmtWm F∂v F\n°v \n›-b-an-√. Fs∂ tIm¿ń¬ \n∂p G¬]n-

®-Xm-bn´v dn°m¿Un-√. tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ ]m¿°p-∂Xv ]mºm-°p-S-

bm-Wv. AXv tIm´-bØp \n∂p Ccp-]-sØt´m ap∏tXm \mgnI Zqsc-

bm-Wv. ka-cn-t°kv aPn-kvtS‰v hn[n® ImeØv tIm\m´p a¬]m≥

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. F\n°p \n›-

b-an-√. Ign™ Ipw`w 18˛mw XobXn Fs‚ apdn-bpsS hcm-¥-bn¬

apS-°-s∏´ saXm≥ h∂v tIm\m´p a¬]m-t\mSv tZjy- m-h-Øn¬ H∂p-

c≠p kwkm-cn-®p. AXp tXßm shńb Imcy-sØ-∏-‰n-b-√, ]Øpw

]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ°v ¢n]vX-am-bn´v Rms\m∂pw iºfw sh®n-

ń-√. ]Ømw ]Xn sIm®p-Ip- \v iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\v IW-°p≠v.

]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xn°p iºfw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\p IW-°n-√. Ign™

ao\ -am-k-Øn-\p-tijw Ah¿°p Rm≥ iºfw sImSp-Øn-ń-√. skan-

\mcn Nm∏¬ H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ \n∂p apS-°n-b-Xn-\ptijw

110 B\-∏m∏n

B apS-°p≈ ImeØv Bcpw AXn¬ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bn-ń-√. B

ImeØv Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-Øn-bn-ń-√. B ImeØv Rm≥ I¿Ωw \S-

Øm≥ kao-]-ap≈ ]≈n-I-fn¬ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØpw t]mbn-

´p-≠v. IrXy-Øn\p kz¬]w apºmb ImeØv UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-

‰ns‚ DØ-c-hn≥]Imcw skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ apS-°n-bn-´p≠v. B

ImeØv Rm≥ ASp-Øp≈ ]≈n-I-fn¬ t]mbn I¿Ω-ßƒ \SØn

h∂n-cp-∂p. Hmim\ i\n-bm-gvN-bmWv Rm≥ tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂p Ipa-c-

I-Øn\p t]mb-Xv. I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kns\ Adn-bpw. Abmƒ skan-

\mcn ]pc-bn-S-Øns‚ Ing-°p-h-i-ap≈ tdmUn\p Ing°p I´-∏p-dØp

hoń-emWv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. AhnsS tPmk^pw A¥-t∏cpw IqSn Xma-

kn-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS IqsS-bmWv I´-∏p-dØp tXmΩm ]m¿°p-∂-Xv.

B I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kn-s\bpw ]m∏-®-s\bpw ao\w 18˛mw Xob-Xn-

°p-tijw Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. ao\w 18˛mw XobXn°p apºv tXmakv

an°-t∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcpw. Abmƒ skan-\mcn amt\-P-cm-Wv.

A°c ]m∏-®\pw h√-t∏mgpw Hs° hcpw. Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw Fs∂

ImWm≥ hcpw. Fs‚ sNehp \S-Øp-∂Xv I´-∏p-dØp tXmΩ-kmWv.

t]mcmsX h∂m¬ Fs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂v FSp-°pw. kn. sP. Ipcy-

t\mSp hmßn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

111B\-∏m∏n

V

B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS `mcy-bpsS samgnacn® ]m∏n Fs‚ `¿Øm-hm-Wv. h¿°n h¿°n F∂mWp ]m∏n-

bpsS icn-bmb t]cv. Abmsf Bim≥ ]m∏n F∂p hnfn-°ptam

F∂p tNmZyw. hnfn-°p-sa-∂p-Ø-cw. ]m∏n ]≈n-°qSw hm≤ym-cm-bn-

cp-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS A∏\pw A∏s‚ A∏\pw hm≤ym-∑mcm-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v Ahsc F√m-h-scbpw Bim-s\-∂mWp hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ign™ ao\-amkw 17˛mw XobXn acn® ]m∏n hoń¬\n∂p tIm´-

bØp ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-te°p Xncn-®p. 5 \mgnI ]Ise Xncn-®p.

AXn-\p-tijw Rm≥ ]m∏nsb Poh-t\msS I≠n-ń-√. sh≈n-bm-gvN-

bmWv hoń¬\n∂pw ]m∏n Xncn-®-Xv. ]ns∂ ASpØ Xn¶-fmgvNbv°p

]m∏n-bpsS ih-Øns\ Rm≥ I≠p. tIm´-bØp Bip-]-Xn-bn¬

Iodp∂ apdn-°-IØp h®mWp Rm≥ I≠-Xv. ]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂p

Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ Cń-cn-°p∂p F∂v Rmb-dmgvN 5˛6 \mgnI ]pe¿∂-

t∏mƒ tI´p. Rm≥ Rmb-dmgvN 3˛4 \mgnI ]Ise h≈-Øn¬ tIm´-

b-tØ°p Ibdn. Fs‚ IqsS klm-b-Øn\v Hcmƒ IqsS D≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. \nß-fpsS Bß-fsb \nßƒ ChnsS h®p It≠m F∂p

tNmZyw. I≠p. Bßf ]n∂o-SmWp h∂-sX∂p DØ-cw. Rm≥ Hcp

l¿Pn FgpXn tIm¿ń¬ sImSp-Øp. F^v A°w t\m°n CXn¬

Fs‚ H∏p-s≠∂v sXm´p ImWn®p. F^v A°w hmbn®p tI´p.

CXmWp Rm≥ aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ sImSpØ l¿Pn. saXm-®s\ kq£n-

°m-\m-bn-´mWp ]m∏n tIm´-bØp h∂-Xv. am¿ Ub-t\-jykv saXm-

t∏m-eoØmbmWv. IrXy-Øn\p 30 Znhkw apºv ]m∏n Hcn-°¬ tIm´-

b-Øn\p h∂p. 5˛6 Zn-hkw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. AXpw saXms\ kq£n-

°m-\m-bn-´m-Wv. Fs‚ Bßf t]mbn Xnc-°n, C∂m-sc-√m-amWp

]m∏nsb ASn-®p-sIm-∂-sX∂v Ft∂mSp ]d-™p. Hcp iqZ-s\-s°m≠v

Fs‚ Bßf F^v A°w l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-®p. Rm\mWv F^v A°w

l¿Pn aPn-kvtS‰v tIm¿ń¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. A∂p sshIp-t∂cw

Rm≥ XncnsI Xncp-h-√mbv°p t]mcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ibv]S Fgp-

Xnb Bfns‚ t]cv F\n-°-dn-™p- Iq-Sm.

tImkv

7 apX¬ ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ sI. sP. Ipcy≥

Rßƒ Cw•ojp ]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂n-√. saXm-®s‚

]≈n-bn-emWp Rßƒ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂-Xv. apºp Rßƒ Cw•ojv

112 B\-∏m∏n

]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p- \-S-∂n-cp-∂p. ]Øp-]-Xn-\mdp h¿j-ambn Rßƒ

saXm-®s‚ ]≈n-bn¬ tN¿∂p \S-°p-∂p. saXm-®-\m-f-b-®n-´mWp

]m∏n tIm´-b-tØ°p h∂-Xv. Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ I≠-Øn¬ ho´p-Imsc

Rm≥ Adn-bp-I-bn-√. I≠-Øn¬ amΩ≥ h°o-ens\ Rm≥ Adn-bp-

I-bn-√. cmhnse Rm≥ tIm´-b-sØ-Øn. D®-bm-b-t∏mƒ F^v A°w

l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-®p.

PUvPn Ipcy≥: I£n hg°p kw_-‘n® tNmZyw H∂pw tNmZn-

°m≥ ]mSn-√. CXp sIme-t°kp hnkvX-cn-°-bm-sW-t∂m¿Ω thWw.

do

F^v A°w l¿Pn Fgp-Xn-b-Xns‚ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw tIm¿ń¬

sImSpØp. F^v A°-a-\p-k-cn®v Ft∂mSp samgn hmßn-®p. Iqń¬

Ib‰n samgn hmßn-®n-√. aPn-kvtS‰v Ft∂mSp h√Xpw tNmZnt®m

F∂p Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Fs‚ ASp-°¬ thZ-]p-kvXIw X∂p kXyw

sNbvXn-√. aPn-kvtS-‰n¬ 5˛6 \mgn-I-t\cw Xma-kn-®p. l¿Pn-°msc

hnfn-®p. AXn\p apºmWv F^v A°w l¿Pn sImSp-Ø-Xv. l¿Pn-

°msc hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ It®-cn-°-IØp tIdn-s®-∂p. Ft∂mSv

Bcpw H∂pw tNmZn-®n-√. Rm≥ Xncn-®p-t]m-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

HºXp hb-p≈ A°bpsS samgn

Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ hmI-Øm-\-ØmWv ]m¿°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\p- apºv

Rm≥ I´-∏p-dØp ]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS IqsS I´-∏p-dØp

]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. F\n°v Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ Hcp sIm®-Ω-bp-≠v. Rm≥

Hmim\ i\n-bmgvN AΩbpw IqSn Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ Fs‚ sIm®-

Ωsb ImWm≥ t]mbn. ImeØp ]Øp-a-Wn°p Rßƒ hoń¬

\n∂p Xncn-®p. Fs‚ hoń¬ aWn-bn-√. ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ aWn-b-Sn-°p-

∂Xp tIƒ°mw. Rm≥ c≠mw ¢mn-emWv ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv. A∂v

Rm\pw AΩbpw sshIp-t∂cw \mep- a-Wn°v Xncn®v I´-∏p-dØp

h∂p. Rm≥ Xncnsb hoń-tebv°p t]mbXv GXp hgn-s°∂p Hm¿Ω-

bn-√. Fs‚ hoSn\p ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw A¥-t∏cp ]m¿°p-∂p. Hmim\

i\n-bmgvN Znhkw Rm≥ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v XncnsI tdmUn¬-

°qSn h∂v hoń-tebv°p Ib-dn-t∏m-bn. Rßƒ t]mIp-tºmƒ A¥-

t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ \n¬°p-∂Xp I≠p. Ah¿ F¥p

sNbvXp-sIm≠p \n¬°p∂p F∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ]Sn-hm-Xn-en\v Ipd-®-

tßm´v amdn \n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS ]Sn-hm-Xn¬ C√. ]Sn-hm-

Xn¬ sI´m-\p≈ CS-bp-≠v. AhnsS IqSn-\n-∂-h-cn¬ Nne-cpsS t]sc-

\n-°-dn-bmw. A°sc ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT-\pw, ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨

113B\-∏m∏n

tPyjvT-\pw, \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT-\pw, sIm®p-Ip- ≥ tPyjvT\pw,

Iam¬Zo\pw t]c-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Hcm-sfbpw Adn-bpw. Rm≥ B

Bfp-Isf ImWn-°mw. Cu ]Xn-I-fpsS ASp-°¬ t]mbn t\m°n.

\mÍw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT≥ Cu \n¬°p∂ 11˛mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. sIm®p-

Ip-´≥ tPyjvT≥ Cu \n¬°p∂ 10˛mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. Iam¬Zo≥ Cu

\n¬°p∂ H∂mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. t]c-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Hcp taØ≥

F∂p ]d-™Xv Cu \n¬°p∂ c≠mw ]Xn-bm-Wv. Rm≥ t]cp-

]d™ tij-am-fp-Isf Iq´-Øn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. Rm≥ t]cp- ]-d™

Bfp-Isf IqSmsX thsd Bfp-Ifpw B A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv A∂v

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BI-∏msS FX-t]-sc∂v Dt±-i-am-bn´pw Hm¿Ω-bn-√.

Ah¿ Fs¥-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \n›-b-an-√. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬

hSn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-h-cpsS ssIbnepw hSn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cpt∂m

F∂p Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. hSn-Iƒ°v Fs‚ ssItb-°mƒ Ipd-®p-

IqSn \ofhpw Fs‚ ssItb-°mƒ Ipd-®p-IqSn hÆhpw D≠v. Rm\pw

AΩbpw hoń¬t]mbn XpWn amdn-bpw-sh®v Rßƒ AhnsS Ccp∂p.

Ipsd Ign-™-t∏mƒ \ne-hnfn tI´p. aW-∏p-dØp IpSn¬ h®n-cn-°p-

∂n-SØp \n∂m-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p \ne-hnfn tI -Xv. Rm\pw AΩbpw

DSs\ Cdßn t\m°n. ""Atøm-Sm, Fs∂ sIm√-cp-tXSm'', ""]nSn-

t®mSm'', ""X√-cptX'', ""Ch≥ Xs∂-bmWv'', ""]nSn-t®mSm'' Fs∂ms°

\ne-hn-fn-°p-∂Xp tI´p. Hcp- h-ep-Xmb i_vZw tI´p. ASnbpsS i_vZ-

am-sW∂p tXm∂n. ]pc-bv°-IØp h®v Cu \ne-hn-fn-Iƒ tI´-t∏m-

gmWv Rßƒ ]pd-tØ°v Cdßn t\m°n-bXv. At∏mƒ ]I-em-bn-

cp∂p. Rßƒ ]pd-Øn-dßn t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Bfp-Iƒ \mep-h-i-

tØm´pw HmSp-∂Xp I≠p. aW-∏p-d-ØmWv HmSp-∂-Xv. FhnsS

\n∂mWp HmSp-∂Xv F∂v Rßƒ I≠n-√. Iptd-t∏¿ HmSn A¥-t∏-

cpsS hoń-tebv°p Ib-dn. A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń-tebv°v HmSn-°-b-dn-b-

hsc Rm≥ I≠p. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT\pw ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨

tPyjvT\pw, sIm®p-Ip- ≥ tPyjvT-\pw, \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvT\pw

Cßs\ \mept]¿ amXw A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń-tebv°v HmSn-°-b-dn.

Ah¿ A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń-\-IØp Ib-dnb DSs\ B hoSns‚ IX-

sI√mw AS® H®- tI-´p. DS≥ Rßfpw Rß-fpsS hoń¬ Ibdn

IX-I-S-®p. Bsc-¶nepw Rß-fpsS hoń-\-IØp HmSn-°-bdn ht∂-

°ptam F∂p `b-∂mWv Rßƒ AIØp Ibdn IX-I-S-®-Xv. AΩ-

bmWp IX-I-S-®-Xv. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ apX¬t]¿ HmSn A¥-t∏-

cpsS hoń-\-IØp Ib-dn-b-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-

cpt∂m Ft∂m-¿°p∂n-√. F¥mWv AhnsS hntijw \S-∂-sX∂v

F\n°v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. F¥n-\mWv Bfp-Iƒ HmSn-b-sX∂v Rßƒ°-

114 B\-∏m∏n

dn-™p-Iq-Sm. aW-∏p-dØp \ne-hnfn tI´p Rm≥ ap‰Øv Cd-ßn-t\m-

°n-b-t∏mƒ A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øv, Rm≥ hcp-tºmƒ I≠ Bfp-

Isf Btcbpw I≠n-√. \mÍw sNdn-bm≥ tPyjvTs‚ t]cv A¥-

t∏cpsS AhnsS hnfn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°mw. Abmƒ ]mbw IqSnb

Bfm-I-sIm≠v Rm≥ tPyjvT≥ F∂p hnfn-®-XmWv. ]mbw-Iq-Snb

Bfp-Isf tPyjvT≥ F∂p hnfn-°-W-sa∂v Fs‚ AΩbpw a‰pw

]d-™p-X-∂n- p-≠v. 10˛mw ]Xn-bpsS t]cv sIm®p-Ip- -\m-sW∂p Fs‚

AΩ Abmsf hnfn-°p-∂Xp tI´mWp Rm\-dn-™-Xv. H∂mw ]Xnsb

]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT\pw a‰pw Iam¬Zo≥ F∂p hnfn®p Rm≥ tIń-´p-

≈XpsIm≠v Abm-fpsS t]cv Ia¬Zo-\m-sW∂p Rm≥ Adn-™p.

A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬ h®mWv H∂mw ]Xnsb hnfn®p Rm≥ tIń-´p-

≈Xv. Rm≥ H∂mw ]Xn Iam¬Zos\ A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬ h®p

I≠n-´p-≠v. Abmsf Rm≥ I≠-t∏m-sgms° Abm-fpsS IqsS Ipsd

Bfp-Iƒ IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. FX t]sc∂p ]d-bm≥ Hm¿Ω-bn-√.

Cu tIkp XpS-ßn-bXp apX¬ Iam¬Zo-t\bpw Iq´-tcbpw A¥-

t∏-cpsS ap‰Øp h®pw hoń¬ h®pw I≠n-´p-≠v. skan-\m-cn-t°kp

XpS-ßn-bXp apX-emWv H∂mw ]Xn apX¬t]sc A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬

h®p Rm≥ I≠p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv. Hmim\ i\n-bm-gvN-bpsS apºmWv

Rm≥ Ahsc A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬ h®p I≠n- p-≈-Xv. AXn-\ptijw

Ahsc Ahn-sS-h®p I≠n-ń-√. Rm≥ FX-Zn-hkw H∂mw-]Xn

apX¬t]sc A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰-Øp-h®p I≠n-´p-s≠∂p Hm¿Ω-bn-√.

an° Znh-khpw I≠n-´p-≠v. Ah¿ F¥n\v A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬

hcp-∂p-sh∂pw F\n-°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń¬ A¥-

t∏cpw `mcybpw a°fpw ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. BWm-bn´p ]ns∂ Hcmƒ

IqSn A¥-t∏sc IqSmsX AhnsS ]m¿°p-∂p-≠v. Abm-fpsS t]c-

dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Abmƒ A¥t∏-cpsS Hcp aIsf sIń-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Abmsf Bim≥ F∂mWv Rm≥ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Abmƒ apºp

]nt≈sc ]Tn-∏n®ncp∂ Bfm-Wv. Rßƒ Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v

Hmim\ i\n-bmgvN XncnsI h∂-t∏mƒ B Bim≥ A¥-t∏-cpsS

hoń¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Abmƒ Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬ \n∂p amdn-

bmWp \n∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Rm≥ aW-∏p-dØv \ne-hn-fn-tI´v ]pd-Øn-dßn

t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Bims\ It≠m Ft∂m¿°p-∂n-√. AXn-\p-tijw

Bims\ Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. t]meo-kp-Im¿ h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßn-

®n-´p-≠v. AXn\p Ipsd Znhkw Ign-™-Xn-\p-tijw aPn-kvtS-‰v

Ah¿Iƒ h∂v Fs‚ samgn hmßn-®p. A∂mWv Rm\pw AΩbpw

IqSn hmI-Øm-\Øp t]mb-Xv. F\n-s°-gp-Ø-dn-bmw. F.Iyp. A°-

Øn¬ Fs‚ Fgp-Øp-≠v. Rm≥ Fs‚ ssI∏S Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv.

115B\-∏m∏n

Rm≥ I≠-sX√mw A∂-hnsS ]d™p; aPn-kvtS-‰v A-h¿Iƒ

Ft∂mSp tNmZn-®-Xn-s\ms° icn-bmb DØcw ]dt™m Ft∂m¿Ω-

bn-√. F\n-t°m¿Ω-bp-≈-sX√mw ]d-™p. samgn hmbn-®p-tI-´m¬

Rm≥ sImSpØ samgn-bmtWm F∂p ]d-bmw. F.-Iyp. A°w hmbn®p

tI´p. CXp Rm≥ sImSpØ samgn Xs∂.

1 apX¬ 6 hsc-bp≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS h°o¬ tImkv

Fs‚ X¥-bpsS im≤-Øn\p Ipsd A®-∑m-scms° h∂n-cp-∂p.

a´-bv°-e-®≥ ht∂m F∂v F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. AXn\p apºv im≤w

Ign-°p-tºmgpw sNdnb]≈n-bn¬\n∂v Hc-®≥ AhnsS h∂n-´p-≠v.

NmØ-Øn\p h∂m¬ XfnI sh®p Z£nW Ign-°pw. sNdnb]≈n-

bnse A®s‚ apºn-emWv NI-an- -Xv. Bims‚ t]cv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°p-

∂n-√. I´-∏p-dØv tXma-kns‚ t]cv Rm≥ tIń-ń-√. I´-∏p-dØv tXma-

kns‚ t]cv IΩn-‰nwKv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI ]d-™-Xm-bn´p ImWp∂p.

AXv Ct∏mƒ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Fs‚ AΩbpw a‰pw B t]cv ]d-™Xv

At∏mƒ Hm¿Ω-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°c ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvTs‚ \ndw

Adn-bmw. hoSv Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. Abmsf ]e Xh-Wbpw Rm≥ I≠n-

´p-≠v. FX Ime-ambn Adn-bp-sa∂v F\n-t°m¿Ω-bn-√. ]m∏-®≥

tPyjvT≥ tdmUn¬IqSn Hs° \S-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. tdmUn¬IqsS

Abmƒ t]mIp-tºmƒ Abmsf ]m∏-®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xp tIń-

´p-≠v. ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ Fs‚ hoń¬ h∂n-ń-√. I´∏p-dØp

tXmakv Fs‚ hoń¬ h∂n-ń-√. ]md-bv°¬ tPm¨ tPyjvT≥ Fhn-

Sp-Øp-Im-c-s\∂pw F\n-°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Abmƒ FhnsS ]m¿°p-

∂psh∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. Abm-fpsS ho´p-t]cv ]md-bv°¬ F∂m-Wv.

""]md-bv°¬ hoń¬ t]mbn'' F∂v ]nt≈cp ]d™p tIń- p-≈-XmWv.

skan-\m-cn°p Ing-°v, hfsc Ing-°mWv ]≈n-°q-Sw. ]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬

t]mIp∂ hgn°v DuSp-h-gn-b-cn-In-emWv ]md-bv°¬ hoSv. Fs‚ A∏s‚

A∏≥ Rß-fpsS IqsS-bmWv ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Hmim\ i\n-

bmgvN Abmƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Abmƒ Nne-t∏mƒ IqØm-

´p-Ip-fØv t]mbn Xma-kn-°pw. IqØm-´p-Ip-fØv Fs‚ A∏s‚

s]ßƒ ]m¿°p-∂p. \ne-hnfn tI´ Znhkw Fs‚ A∏s‚ A∏≥

IqØm-´p-Ip-f-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv GXp- am-k-am-sW-∂v \n›-ban-√. Hcp

Znhkw FX aWn-°q-dm-sW∂v F\n°v \n›-b-an-√. Ct∏mƒ \me-c-

˛-A-©p-a-Wn-bm-Ipw. -t\cw shfp-°p-tºmƒ FX aWn-bmWv ASn-

°p-∂-sX∂v Hm¿Ω-bn-√. ]Sn-hm-Xn-en\v Ipd®v Ctßm´p amdn-bmWv

Iq´w-Iq-Sn-bm-fp-Iƒ \n∂-sX∂v ]d-bm-sa-∂-√msX FX t]cmWv

A¥-t∏-cpsS ap‰Øp \n∂-sX∂p ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. Bcp-sS-sb√mw

116 B\-∏m∏n

ssIbn¬ hSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hm¿°p-∂n-√. \ofw IqSnb hSnbpw

\ofw Ipd™ hSnbpw D≠v. \ne-hnfn tI´v Rßƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb

DSs\ Fhn-sS-bmWv Rm≥ t\m°n-b-sX∂v Ct∏mƒ Hm¿Ωbn-√. apºv

B ap‰Øp \n∂h¿ At∏mƒ AhnsS D≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p Rm≥

t]mbn t\m°n-bn-√. Ah¿ AhnsS \n∂v amdn-bn-cp-∂m¬ ImWm≥

]mSn-√.

]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Ifpw ]m∏-®≥ tPyjvT≥ apX¬t∏cpw

B‰n¬ \n∂v HmSn A¥-t∏-cpsS hoń-te°v t]mIp-∂Xp I≠p. ]m∏-

®≥ tPyjvTs\ t]mIp-∂-Xp-hgn hnfn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°mw. \ofw IqSnb

hSn BcpsS ssIbn-em-sW∂p ]d-bm≥ ]mSn-√. ImeØv 8 aWn°v

]≈n-°q-S-Øn¬ t]mIpw. D®bv°p ]¥-≠c aWn°v DÆm≥ hcpw.

sshIp-t∂cw hcp-∂Xp aq∂-c- a-Wn-°m-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ \mep- a-Wnbpw

BIpw.

117B\-∏m∏n

VI

PUvPvsa‚ vCu tIkn¬s∏´ ]Xn-s\m∂p ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿

in£m-\n-b-a-Ønse 104, 301 F∂o hIp-∏p-I-f-\p-k-cn®p t]meo-kp-

Im¿ Nm¿Pv sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ""Xncp-h√ s\Sp-ºw ]hr-Øn-bn¬

s]cn-ßc apdn-bn¬ B‰p-]p-dØp Xma-kn°pw ]m∏n-sb∂p hnfn-°p∂

h¿°n hdp-Kokv F∂ Bfns\ 1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18˛mw XobXn

sshIn Dt±iw 6 aWn ka-bØp tIm´bw tKmhn-µ-]pcw Ic-bn¬

]gbskan-\m-cn°p hS-°p-hiw D≈ ao\-®n¬ B‰n¬ aW-∏p-d-Øp-

h®p acWw hc-Ø° ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-°Ww F∂p≈ s]mXp-

hmb hnNm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn H∂p-ap-X¬ ]Xn-t\-gp-hsc ]Xn-Iƒ \ymb-

c-ln-X-amb kwLw tN¿∂p hSn-hmƒ, De° apX-emb Bbp-[-ßƒ

[cn-®-h-cmbn ta¬]-Sn-bms‚ acWw hcp-hm≥ CS-bp-s≠-∂p≈ Adn-

thm-Sp-IqSn hnNm-c-]q¿∆w Snbms\ Xe-bnepw, tZlØpw hSn, De°

F∂n-h-sIm≠v ASn-®pw, CSn-®pw, hSn-hmƒsIm≠p IpØnbpw ]cp-

°p-Iƒ G¬]n®p sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂p-≈-XmWv t]meo-

kns‚ Nm¿÷v.

1085˛¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-

a-\sØ XpS¿∂p tIm´-bsØ bmt°m-_mb kpdn-bm\n kap-Zmbw

c≠mbn sX‰n-∏n-cn-™-Xns‚ ]cn-W-X-^-e-am-bn-´p-≠m-b-XmWv ]m∏n

h[w. Chn-sS-bp≈ (a-e-¶-c) ]≈n-I-fpsS euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ Hcp

tae-[n-Imcw ]mXn-b¿°okv Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

AXns\ FXn¿Øp. AXn-\p≈ ImcWw ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚

]kvXp-X Ah-Im-i-hmZw kp]-kn-≤-amb tdmb¬t°m-SXn hn[n-

bnse hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p hn]-co-X-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

]kvXpX hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®p ]gbskan-\mcn am¿ Zoh-∂-mtkymkv

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS (]p-en-t°m-ń¬) ssIh-i-Øn-em-bn. B

hkvXp thsd c≠p SÃn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn cn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw hn[n-bn¬

]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m´p a¬]m-\p-am-bn-cp∂p

Aßs\ \nb-an-X-cmb c≠p SÃn-Iƒ. Ch¿ c≠p-t]cpw ae-¶-c-

bp≈ ]≈n-I-fn-t∑¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p euIn-I-ambn A[n-Imcw

Ds≠-∂p≈ A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]iv\-Øn-t∑¬ kap-Zmbw

c≠mbn `n∂n-®p. Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ Xe-h≥ h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkpw at‰-Xns‚ t\Xm-°-∑m¿ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw, tIm\m´p

118 B\-∏m∏n

a¬]m\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ]mXn-b¿°okv Hcp

apS°p I¬]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®p \ntcm-[n-®-tXmsS Cu hg°p aq¿—n-

X-am-bn. tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-I-fn¬ c≠p I£n-bnepw Dƒs∏´ ]´-

°m¿, Xßƒ°mWv Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[n-Imcw F∂v

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. CtXmsS kam-[m\ ewL\w Bk-∂-ambn.

AXp-sIm≠p tIm´bw H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS‰v Inan-\¬ \S-]Sn

128- mw hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v Hcp tIkv FSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tIkns‚ Xocp-

am-\-Øn\p apºp skan-\m-cnbpw ]≈nbpw P]vXn sNbvXp t]meokv

A[o-\-Øn¬ FSp-Øp. At\z-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-

kns‚ ssIhiw ÿm]n®v At±-l-Øn\p hkvXp-°ƒ hn´p-sIm-Sp-

°p-∂-Xn\v aPn-kvtS‰v DØ-c-hn-´p. AX-\p-k-cn®v ]gbskan-\mcn

sIń-S-ß-fnepw, Ah-bnse apdn-I-fnepw, AXn-\p-≈n¬ InS-∂n-cp∂

Ae-am-c-I-fnepw aPn-kvtS‰p h®n-cp∂ apZ-Iƒ tIm´bw t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS¿ s]mń®p am‰p-Ibpw sIńSw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn \S-Øn-

s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv 10- 1- 87- ¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]mXn-b¿°okv

I£n-bn¬s]´ am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]kvXpX sIń-S-Ønse Hcp apdn-

bn¬ Ccn-∏p-d-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p a‰p≈ apdn-Iƒ \S-

Øn-s°m-SpØp F¶nepw am¿ Iqdn-temkn\v D≈ apdn-bn¬ At±lw

(Iq-dn-tem-kv) hmkw Dd-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ DØ-c-hn\v FXn-cmbn kn. sP.

Ipcy\pw tIm\m´p a¬]m\pw sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-t∑-ep≈ sslt°m-SXn Xocp-am-\w, Iq´mbn

ssIh-i-ap≈ SÃv hkvXp-°sf kw_-‘n-®p≈ X¿°-Øn¬ Inan-

\¬ \S-]-Sn-bnse 128-˛mw hIp∏p _m[-I-am-I-bn-s√-∂pw, aPn-kvtS‰p

Xs‚ hnNm-c-Wm-[n-Im-cm-Xn¿Øn ewLn-®mWp hn[n-sb-gp-Xn-sb-∂p-

am-bn-cp-∂p. sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS Cu Xocp-am\w \nanØw Ccp-I-£n-

Ifpw skan-\m-cn-t°kv Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p apºp≈ ÿm\-tØ°p

\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- p. F∂m¬ Hcp hyXymkw amXw. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

icn-bm-bnt´m sX‰m-bnt´m skan-\mcn hkvXp-°-fpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-

i-°m-c≥ Bbn ]cn-W-an-®p.

sslt°m-SXn DØ-c-hn-´Xv 4˛5-˛87-˛¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]kvXpX DØ-

c-hn-s\-∏‰n tIm -bØv Adnhv Inń-b-t∏mƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp henb

P\-°q´w XSn-®p-Iq-Sn. UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p t]meokv C≥kvs]-

IvS¿ Hcp dnt∏m¿´-b-®p. AXn-t∑-ep≈ DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®p kam-[m-\-

ew-L\ \nhm-c-W-Øn\p th≠n GXm\pw t]meo-kp-Imsc skan-\m-

cn-bn¬ Uyqń-bn¬ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ \ntbm-Kn-®p. Cu

119B\-∏m∏n

kabØp SÃn-Iƒ Ccp-hcpw tIm´-b-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ Ipw`-

am-k-Øn¬ tIm´-bØv BK-X-cm-bn. Ah¿ tIm´-bØp h∂-bp-Ss\

Xs∂ skan-\mcn _e-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p ian-®p.

16˛7˛87-˛¬ skan-\mcn]d-ºnse tXßm CSo-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ah¿

AhnsS sN∂p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-\m¬ \nb-an-X-\mb amt\-P¿

(hm-Zn-`mKw 26˛mw km£n) Ahsc XS-™p. Akp-J-I-c-amb Hcp

cwKw AhnsS kwPm-X-am-bn. 26-˛-mw km£nsb (a-´-bv°¬ A®≥)

A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. amt\-P-

cmb At±lw X¬£Ww Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS‰v apºmsI

Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-°p-I-bpw, aPnk-vtS-‰ns‚ B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v t]meo-

kp-Im¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN√p-Ibpw kn. sP. Ipcys\ Xm≥ Dt±-in-

®n-cp∂ BI-aW ]≤-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-∏n-°m≥ ian-°bpw

D≠mbn. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Xß-fpsS Dt±-iy-Imcyw

km[n-°msX aS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn t]meokv dnt∏m¿ń¬ \n∂pw

a\-n-em-Ip-∂p. ]nt‰Znh-k-tam, AYhm 19-˛7-˛8-˛tem ]gbskan-\m-

cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb GXm\pw siΩm-i-∑m¿ UnkvSn-IvSv

aPn-kvtS-‰n\pw Xmeq-°v aPn-kvtS-‰n\pw Hmtcm l¿Pn sImSp-Øp.

Xte-cmXnbn¬ GXm≠v Ccp-]-Øn-b©p Bfp-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬

Ibdn Xßƒ skan-\mcn hn´p-t]m-I-W-sa∂pw, A√m-Ø-]£w

Xßsf IjWw Ij-W-ambn I≠n®p If-bp-sa∂pw Ah¿ Xßsf

òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw D≠mbn F∂m-bn-cp∂p l¿Pn-bpsS kmcmwiw.

Cu l¿Pn-Iƒ t]meo-kn-te°v Ab-bv°-s∏-´p. t]meokv ÿeØp

sN∂p l¿Pn-°m-cn¬ GXm\pwt]cn¬\n∂p samgn hmßp-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

hmZn-`mKw 19-˛mw km£n-bmb am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xs‚ samgn-

bn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: Ipw`w 18-˛se kw`-h-ßƒ°p-tijw Xs‚

FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ Hcp Inwh-Z¥n ]c-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXv Fs¥∂p

h®m¬ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ Fs∂ A]-am-\n-°pIbpw, tZtlm-]-Zhw

G¬]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu hm¿Ø ]c-∂-tXm-Sp-

IqSn Xncp-h-√m, \nc-Ww, amth-en-°c apX-emb ]≈n-I-fnse Bfp-I-

fn¬ ]ecpw B hm¿Ø FX-tØmfw kXy-am-sW-∂-dn-bm≥ skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ ]ms™-Øn. Ipw`w 18-˛se kw`-h-ßƒ Ah¿ Adn-™-

t∏mƒ FXn¿ I£n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-Im≥ CS-bp≈ ssItb-‰-

Øn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb c£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw A]-am-\n-X-

\m-°m-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw GXm\pw Bfp-Isf skan-

\m-cn-bn-te°v Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿ Xocp-am-\n-®p. AX-\p-k-cn®p

F´p-]-Øp-t]¿ Hcp kwL-ambn h∂p skan-\mcn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm-

120 B\-∏m∏n

≠n-cp∂p F∂pw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm samgn \¬In-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n Xncp-h√m ]≈n-°m¿ Ab-®-h-cn¬

Hcp-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipw`- am-k-h-km\w Abmƒ tIm´-bØp h∂p.

h∂n´v F´p-]Øp Znhkw Xma-kn®tijw ho≠pw hcm-sa∂p

]d™p Abm-fpsS kztZ-i-tØbv°p t]mIp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ Rmb-dmgvN tXmdp-ap≈ Bcm-[-\-bn¬ tIm´-

bsØ ]≈n-I-fn-ep≈ Ccp-I-£n-Ifpw XΩn¬ kwL¿jw aq¿—n-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS dnt∏m¿ńs\ Bkv]-Z-

am°n kam-[m-\-ew-L\w D≠m-Im-sX-bn-cn-∏m≥ th≠n bmt°m-_mb

kpdn-bm\n∏≈n-Iƒ ]q´-W-sa∂v Xmeq°v H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v

DØ-c-hn-´p. CX-\p-k-cn®v tIm´-b-Øp≈ ]≈n-Iƒ amX-a√ AS-bv°-

s∏-´-Xv. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p amX-ambn ssIh-i-ap≈ ]gbskan-

\mcn Nm∏epw 5˛8-˛87-˛¬ ]q´-s∏-´p. Aßs\ ]≈n-Iƒ AS-bv°-s∏-

´Xv AºXpt\mºns‚ A¥y-L-´-Ønepw IjvSm-\p-`-hm-gvN-bnse

Bcw-`-Ønepw Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ saXm-∑mcpw ]´-°mcpw

`‡n-a-b-amb [ym\-\n-jvT-bn¬ Ccn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS dnt∏m¿ńs\ Bkv]-Z-am°n am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkv aX-]-c-amb I¿Ω-ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Nm∏¬

AS-bv°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-lsØ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-

b\w sNøn-°p-∂-Xn\p klm-b-I-am-°p∂ Hcp IrXy-am-bn-cn-°pw.

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ SÃn-I-fpsS ]£w tN¿∂mWv Cßs\

]h¿Øn-®-Xv. H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰pw AXp-t]mse SÃn-I-fpsS

]£w ]nSn-®n-cp-∂p.

skan-\mcn Nm∏¬ ]q´-s∏-´Xv SÃn-Iƒ°pw Hcp t\´-am-bn-cp-∂p.

AXn-\p≈ ImcWw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw

\oßn-bm¬ skan-\mcn SÃn-Iƒ°p ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ffp-∏-am-

bn-Øo-cp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-

eoØm Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp-d® \ne-]mSp kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

At±lw skan-\mcn bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-X-s√-

∂p-d®p Xs‚ [ym\-h-Xhpw a‰p I¿Ωm-Zn-Ifpw A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

a‰p-ambn skan-\m-cn-bnse Hcp apdn IqZmi sNbvXp FSp-Øp.

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Cd°nhnSp-∂-

Xn-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-Øn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-cmb Iq´p-S-Ãn-Iƒ ]n∂oSv saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw ]´-°m-scbpw siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬

\n∂v Xpc-Øp-∂-Xn\v Iptd-°qSn lnwkm-fl-I-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]tbm-

Kn-®p. ao\w Fńt\m ]Ønt\m tijw skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ AssI-

121B\-∏m∏n

kvX-h-cmb ]ecpw sN∂p. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw siΩm-i-∑m-

scbpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-b\w sNøn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±-

iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahsc A]-am-\n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ign-bp-∂X ieyw

sNø-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Cßs\ IqSn-b-h-cpsS Dt±-iyw.

apl-Ω-Zob¿, InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, tNmh-∑m¿ F∂n-h¿ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-

ambn Iq´-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN√p-Ibpw Ahn-SsØ At¥-hm-

kn-Isf òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah¿ siΩm-i-∑m¿ apX¬t]sc

skan-\mcn hn´p-t]m-bn-s√-¶n¬ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂pw ]d™p `b-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Btcm-]n-°-s∏-ńcn°p-∂p. kn. sP.

Ipcys‚ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c-]pX-\mb s]cm´v ]m∏-®≥ Cu kwL-

Øns‚ Xe-h-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]e km£n-Ifpw ]d-

bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS ta\nImh¬`-S-∑m¿ X°-hn[-

Øn¬ Cu N -ºn-Isf XS-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]e A\njvS kw -

h-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v.

kwK-Xn-Iƒ Cßs\ Ccn-°-th, ao\w 17-˛mw XobXn kmbm-”-

Øn¬ Hcp kw`hw \S-∂p. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fns‚

]n≥kn-∏-fmb ^m. ]n. ‰n. Koh-dp-Kokv Fw.F. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬

A©p aWn°p sN∂v saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

At±lw Xs‚ IpXn-c-h≠nbn¬ \n∂p Xmsg Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ skan-

\m-cn-bpsS hSt°ap‰Øv H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-ambn

Ccn-°p-∂Xv At±lw I≠p. At±-lsØ I≠p-sIm≠v Cu ]Xn-

Iƒ XΩn¬ Ft¥m kzImcyw ]d-™p-sIm≠v Ing-t°m´v \S-∂p-

t]m-bn. m. Koh-dp-Kokv, saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿in-®-tijw Bdp-

a-Wn°v Xs‚ h≠n-bn¬ Ibdn Xncn®pt]mIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. hgn-bn¬

h®p Fs¥-¶nepw Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂p `b-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v h≠n-°m-

c≥, ^m. Koh-dp-Ko-kn-t\mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-\p≈ ImcWw

GXm\pw apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ h≠n-°m-c-t\mSv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kµ¿-

in® Bƒ Bcm-sW∂pw At±lw Ft∏mƒ Xncn®pt]mIp-sa∂pw

tNmZn-®Xp Xs∂. mZ¿ Koh-dp-Kokv B]¬kq-N-\sb \nm-c-ambn

X≈n-°-f-bp-Ibpw h≠n aptºm´v ASn®phnSp-∂-Xn\v B⁄m-]n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p c≠p ^¿tem-ßp-IqsS sN∂-

t∏mƒ ]¥t≠m ]Xn-\t©m t]¿ h≠n-bpsS apºnepw a‰p Nne¿

]pd-Inepw NmSn-hoWv h≠n _e-ambn ]nSn®p\n¿Øn. H∂mw-]Xn

h≠n Xpd-°p-Ibpw A®≥ h≠n-bn¬ \n∂pw Cd-ßm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. skan-\mcn hkvXp-°-fpsS Imh¬°m-cmWv Xß-

sf-∂pw, skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p Fs¥-¶nepw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂pt≠m

122 B\-∏m∏n

F∂v t\m°m≥ Xßƒ SÃn-I-fm¬ B°-s∏-´-h-cm-sW∂pw Ah¿

]d-™p. Ah¿ A®s‚ tZl-]-cn-tim-[-\bv°v Hcp-sº-´p. A®≥

AXn\p kΩ-Xn-®p. At∏mƒ H∂mw-]Xn Xs‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-

cp∂ Ipdp-hSn aq∂mw-]-Xnsb G¬]n-®-tijw h≠n-bn-te°v Ib-

dm≥ Hcp-sº-´p. At∏mƒ Btcm BwKyw Imń. H∂mw-]-Xnsb D]-

tZ-in®v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®p. A®s‚ Im¬Ip-∏mbw Ducm≥ H∂mw-]Xn Bh-

iy-s∏-´p. A®≥ AXn\p hg-ßn-bn-√. AXns\ XpS¿∂v A®s‚

ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Du∂p-hSn H∂mw-]Xn ]nSn-®p-]dn-s®-Sp-Øp.

A®≥ bmX XpS-cp-∂-Xn\v H∂mw-]Xn A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu kw`hw sshIp-t∂cw Bd-c- a-Wn-°m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v H∂pw,

aq∂pw, ]Xn-\mepw ]Xn-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ A®\p km[n-®p. Ch¿

aqhcpw Hcp- kw-L-Øn¬s]´-h-cm-Wv. ]ns‰Znhkw cmhnse Fw.Un.

skan-\mcn kvIqfnse slUvam-Ã-dmb sI. hn. Nmt°msb A®≥

H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ ASp-°¬ Ab-®p. Xm≥ F¥p- sN-ø-

W-sa-∂p≈ D]-tZiw tXSp-∂-Xn-\mWv A®≥ Nmt°msb Ab-®-Xv.

A®s\ òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw a‰pw sNbvX-h-cpsS t]cphnh-c-ßƒ

\¬Im≥ Nmt°mbv°v km[n-°m-™-Xn-\m¬ t]cphnh-c-ßƒ a\-

n-em°n l¿Pn- sIm-Sp-°m≥ aPn-kvtS‰v Nmt°m apJm-¥cw A®s\

D]-tZ-in-®p.

ao\ -amkw 18˛mw XobXn A®≥ aPn-kvtS-‰ns\ kao-]n-®p.

F∂m¬ aPn-kvtS-‰n\p kpJ-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v A®\v aPn-kvtS-

‰ns\ ImWm≥ km[n-®n-√. At∂ Znhkw D®-I-gn™v H∂mw ]Xn-

bpsS t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw A®≥ Kln-®p. Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb Hcp

A\ymbw sImSp-°-W-sam, a‰p am¿§w Ah-ew-_n-°tWm th≠-

sX∂v Nn¥n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu sIme-]m-X-I-hm¿Ø Adn-

bp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. AtXmsS F√m i≤bpw CXn-te°v tIµo- -hn®p.

ao\-amkw 18-˛mw XobXn ImeØv H≥]XpaWn-t°m, ]Øp-

aWnt°m ]m∏n Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØp-I-bp-

≠m-bn. Abmƒ BIm-c-i‡n \nanØw Hcp òa-tk-\-\m-bn-cp∂p

F∂p Xs∂ ]d-bmw. Abm-sf-∏‰n saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿ tUmIvS¿

Ubkv ]d-bp-∂-Xv, ""acn-®p-t]mb ]m∏n AYhm hdp-Kokv'' Hcp henb

a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS amwk-t]-in-Iƒ G‰w hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

hfsc _en-jvT-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Abmƒ. Fs‚ ]cn-N-b-Øn¬ ]m∏n-

sb-t∏mse _e-hm-\pw, hn]p-e-amb ico-cm-Ir-Xnbpw amwk-t]-in-Iƒ°v

hnImkw kn≤n-®n-´p-≈-h\pw Bb Npcp-°w-t]sc amXta Rm≥

I≠n-´p≈p F∂mWv.'' ""]m∏n km¿'' F∂pw, ""Bim≥ ]m∏n'' F∂pw

123B\-∏m∏n

hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂ Abmƒ Xs‚ Imbi‡n-bn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≠p

]pf-In-X-\mb Hcp hy‡n Bbn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS ico-c-i‡nsb

a‰p-≈-h¿ AwKo-I-cn-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬

FØn-b-t∏mƒ AhnsS \S∂ kw`-h-ß-sf-∏‰n Abmsf [cn-∏n-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. Abmƒ X¬£Ww ]co-°p- n-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-]p-X-t\mSv

Fw.F. A®-\n¬ \n∂pw _e-ambn ]nSn-®p-]-dn®v FSp-Ø -hSn Xncn-

®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏- p (]-co-°pń F∂p ]d-bp∂ Bƒ tIm -

bØp Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse ap…o-ß-fpsS Hcp t\Xm-hm-Wv). ]co-°p-

ń-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-]p-X≥ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""B hSn kn. sP. Ipcy≥

apX-em-fn-bpsS ssIbn¬ FØn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v.'' F∂m¬

CXns\ ]m∏n hniz-kn-®n-√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs‚ tNmZyw Bh¿Øn-

°-s∏-´p. A∂p-®bv°v ]m∏n aq∂mw ]Xn A-t\mSv CtX tNmZyw

Xs∂ tNmZn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CtX-∏‰n 13˛mw km£n-bmb siΩm-i≥,

]m∏nbpw A\pw XΩn¬ \S∂ kw`m-j-W-sØ-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv

""Fw. F. A®s‚ hSn Xncn-®p-X-c-W-sa∂v C∂p cmhnse Rm≥ Bh-

iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ AXv Rm≥ FSp-Øn√ F∂p \o ]d-™-t√m. Cßs\

Hgn-I-gnhp ]d-™m¬ ]‰p-I-bn-√. hSn Xncn®p X∂n-s√-¶n¬ \Ωƒ

iXp-°-fm-bn-Øocpw.'' aq∂mw-]Xn adp-]Sn ]d-™Xp Rm≥ A√m

hSn-]n-Sn®v hmßn-b-sX∂pw Aßs\ sNbvXXv Iam-ep-Zo≥ BsW-

∂p-am-Wv. aq∂mw ]Xn-tbmSv ]m∏n Hcp Imcyw IqSn ]d™p: Fs∂

(km-£n-bmb siΩm-i-s\) Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v, ""\o F¥n-\mWv

Cu siΩm-is‚ apdn-°-IØp ]th-in®v At±-lsØ iey-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bXv?'' AXn\p l≥ adp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv, ""Rßƒ At±-l-

Øns‚ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dn-b-X-√msX bmsXmcp ieyhpw D≠m-°n-bn-√.

Rßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-bn¬ Ib-dn-bm¬ X\n-s°¥m?'' AXn\p

adp-]Snbmbn ]m∏n ]d-™Xv: ""\nßƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bƒ°m-

cmbn ChnsS h∂m¬ Rßƒ°p hntcm[w H∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ \nßƒ

Cu siΩm-is‚ apdn-bn¬ ]th-in-°p-Itbm At±-l-Øn\p D]-Zhw

D≠m-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ Rm≥ ]Icw sNøpw''

F∂p ]m∏n-bpw, ""X\n°p t_m[n-®-t]mse sNbvI'' F∂p A\pw

]d™p ]ncn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]n∂oSv c≠p aWn-°q¿ Ign-™n´v kao-]-]-tZ-i-amb Ipa-c-IØp

\n∂pw Hcp h≈w skan-\mcn IS-hn¬ hcn-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXv h∂Xv

am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXms\ Ipa-cIw ]≈n-bn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Im-

\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØp \n∂p h∂ GXm\pw Bfp-Iƒ Iqdn-temkv

saXms‚ apdnbn-te°p sN∂-t∏mƒ A°c ]m∏-®-\pw, I´-∏p-dØp

tXma-kpw -IqSn saXm-t\mSp kwkm-cn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

124 B\-∏m∏n

]Xn-Ifpw am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ apdn-bn¬ ]th-in-®-tijw Ipsd

Ign™v Ah¿ ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn-t∏m-bn.

c≠p aWn-°q¿ Ign™v AXm-bXv kmbw-Imew \mep- a-Wn°v

am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xs‚ kmam-\-ßfpw, Xs‚ AI-ºSn AwK-ßfpw

H∂n®v Ipa-c-I-tØ°v t]mbn. A°c ]m∏-®-\pw, I´-∏p-dØp

tXmakpw ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]Xnbpw a‰p ]Xn-I-fn¬ A[nIwt]cpw-

IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb h≈-°-S-hp-hsc A\p-bm-X-bm-bn-t∏m-bn.

A\-¥cw Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v Xncn®p h∂-tijw I´-∏p-dØv

hoń-te°p t]mbn.

]n∂o-Sv kw-`hÿe-tØ°v Z¿in-°mw. kabw GI-tZiw sshIp-

t∂cw A©-c -a-Wn. sshIp-t∂-csØ Nmb- Ip-Sn-°m-\mbn acWw

]m]n® ]m∏n-bpw, hmZn-`mKw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-Ifpw IqSn hS-°p-

h-iØp aW-∏p-d-tØ°p t]mbn. Nmb-°-S-bpsS hS-°p-h-iØv H∂pw

c≠pw ]Xn-I-fpw Ip™mΩn F∂ Hcmfpw H∂n®p Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS Iq´p-Imcpw Nmbbv°v Bh-iy-s∏-´p. H∂pw c≠pw

]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ""ChnsS Nmb C√m

F∂pw Nmb Xcn-I-bn√m'' F∂pw. Cßs\ ]Xn-hp-Imsc ]d-™v

HmSn°cp-sX∂v jm∏p-S-a-ÿ≥ Ahsc hne-°n. ""Rßƒ ChnsS

Ccn°p∂n√'' F∂p ]d™v H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Ifpw Ip™m-Ωnbpw

AhnsS \n∂p-t]m-bn. H∂mw-]Xn BwKyw Imń-b-t∏mƒ Nmb-°-S-

bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-`m-KØv IqSn-bn-cp∂ Hcp -kwLw Bfp-Iƒ ]m∏n-

tbbpw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-I-tfbpw XS™p \n¿Øn. kwLsØ

\bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ A°c ]m∏-®≥, ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-

sIm≠v ""Ch-\mWv Ahs\ ]nSn°'' F∂v ]d-™p. DSs\ H∂mw-

]Xn ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-®p. ]m∏n

sXt°m´p ]m™p. At∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥ Xs‚ ssIh-i-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂

Hcp hSn-hmƒsIm≠v ]m∏n-bpsS Imen\v shń. ]m∏n AXn-\p-tijw

]pg-bn¬IqSn \o¥n F√m-hcpwIqSn Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ sIm≠v ]m∏nsb

X√n-®-X-®p. AI-an-Iƒ AXn-s‚-tijw HmSn-°-f-™p.

cwK-ÿ-eØp IqSnb Bfp-Iƒ Nne¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp

Iń¬ sIm≠p-h∂v ]m∏nsb AXn¬ InSØn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sIm≠p-

sN-∂-tijw tIm´bw t]meokv tÃj-\n-te°v sIm≠p-sN-∂p.

]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°v sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ tÃj-\n¬h®v Btcm

]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v Abmsf Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. saUn-

°¬ Hmô-k¿ (hm-Zn-`mKw 21-˛mw km£n) DS≥ Bip-]-Xn-bn¬

FØn. ]m∏n-bpsS apdn-hp-Iƒ F√mw IgpIn h®p-sI- p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

125B\-∏m∏n

]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-®p-sIm≠v saUn-°¬

Hmô-k¿ H∂mw ¢mv aPn-kvtS-‰n\p Hcp IØ-b-®p. aPn-kvtS‰v

X¬£Ww Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ FØn ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ITn-\-amb thZ\ \nanØw ]m∏n X’-abw

sRcn-]n-cn-sIm-≈p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS‰v ]e- ]m-h-iyhpw c≠p-

aq∂p Bh¿Øn tNmZn® tNmZy-ßƒ°v ]m∏n Ahy-‡-amb DØ-c-

ß-fmWv \¬In-b-Xv. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb samgn-bn¬ ]m∏n°v H∏p

shbv°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. thZ-\-bpsS B[nIyw \nanØw

thZ\ Ipd-™-tijw IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-amb Hcp tÃ‰vsa‚ v ]m∏n-bn¬

\n∂p hmßmw F∂v aPn-kvtS‰v Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tIkns‚

At\z-jWw DS-\Sn XpS-ß-W-sa-∂pw, Cu kw`-h-Øns‚ \nP-ÿnXn-

sb-∏‰n Adn-bm-hp-∂-h-cn¬ \n∂p samgn hmß-W-sa∂pw aPn-kvtS-‰v,

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. At±lw ]m∏nsb Bip-

]-Xn-bn-te°v Iń-en¬ Npa-∂p-sIm-≠p-t]mb hmZn-`mKw H∂mw

km£n-bpsS samgn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kw`h cPn-Ã¿

aPn-kvtS-‰n\p Ab®psImSp-°p-Ibpw At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

19- 8- 87- ¬ ]m∏-®s‚ hoSv ]cn-tim-[n-®p. F∂m¬ Imcy-ambn H∂pw

I≠p-In-ń-bn-√. ][m-\hpw ]t£m-`-I-c-hp-amb Hcp tIkm-I-bm¬

At\z-j-W-Øns‚ hnh-c-ßƒ Xt∂mSv F∂pw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-W-

sa∂v aPn-kvtS‰v t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS-tdmSp Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ (A-t±lw ]n∂oSp s]≥j≥ ]‰n

hnc-an-®p) Aßs\ sNbvXn-√. aPn-kvtS‰v Cu tIns‚ At\z-j-

W-Øn¬ Xo£vW-X-bp-≈-h-\mbncp∂p. t]meokv F¥p sNøp∂p

F∂v At±lw Xm¬]-cy-]q¿∆w an°-t∏mgpw At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂p. t]meokv Ah-cpsS I¿Øhyw icn°p \nd-th-‰n-bn-cp-∂n-√

F∂m-bn-cp∂p aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ \nK-a-\w.

19-˛8˛87-˛¬ ]m∏n-bpsS BtcmKyw hj-fm-IpI Xs∂ sNbvXp.

A∂p cmXn aq∂p- a-Wn°v ]m∏n Ncaw ]m]n-®p. ]Xn-hp-t]m-se-

bp≈ C≥IzÃpw t]mÃp-am¿´w ]cn-tim-[-\bpw \S-Øn.

k¿°o- n¬ t]mbn-cp∂ aPn-kvtS‰v 19˛mw XobXn tIm -bØp Xncn

s®Øn. A∂p-cm-Xn-bn-tem, ]nt‰-Zn-hkw cmhn-setbm At±lw

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSsd ImWp-Ibpw ]Xn-I-fn¬ Btcbpw AdÃp

sNbvXn-s√∂v a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]m∏n-bpsS mcy (hm-Zn-`mKw \memw km£n) Xncp-h-√m-bn¬ \n∂p

126 B\-∏m∏n

tIm´-bØv FØn aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI Hcp l¿Pn sImSp-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Snbm-fpsS samgn hmßm≥ l¿Pn-°m-cn-bpsS

t]cp hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Snbmƒ lmP-cm-bn-√. aPn-kvtS‰v, l¿Pn Hcp

ItØm-Sp-IqSn F.Fkv.]n. °p Ab®p sImSp-Øp. ]kvXpX IØn¬

]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p, t]meokv Cu Imcy-Øn¬ hfsc Aam¥w

ImWn®p F∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ÿe-Øp-≈-h¿ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsc

FXbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ AdÃp sNø-W-sa-∂pw.

]ns‰ Znhkw t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Hcp IØ-

b®p. saXm≥ I£n-Iƒ, Xs∂ Ah-cpsS iXp-hmbn ]cn-K-Wn-

°p∂p F∂pw ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ Bcpw-Xs∂ aptºm´p hcp-∂n-s√∂pw

Cu ÿnXn°v Ip‰m-t\z-j-W-Øn\v aPn-kvtS‰v Xs∂ klm-bn-°-

W-sa∂pw At]-£n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p ]kvXpX IØv.

t]meo-kns‚ Xo£vW-amb kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-√msX X\n°p

kzbw At\z-jWw \S-Øm≥ km≤y-a-s√∂p hnh-cn®pw Ip‰m-t\z-

jWw \S-Øm≥ thsdmcp C≥kvs]-IvSsd \nb-an-°-W-sa∂pw At]-

£n®v Hcp Iºn aPn-kvtS-‰v, t]meokv kq]-≠n\p Ab-®p. hkvXp-

X-Iƒ hnh-cn®pw t]meokv I¿Øhy hnap-J-cmbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂p

F∂pw ]d™pw H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰v, UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\v

Hcp dnt∏m¿´pw Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Cu tIknse ]Xn-`mKw H∂mw km£n-bmb Nß-\m-t»cn

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ tIm´bw t]meo-kns\ klm-bn-°p-hm-\mbn

UnkvSnIvSv t]meokv kq]-≠n-\m¬ ]tXyIw \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.

ao\w 22-˛mw XobXn sshIp-t∂cw At±lw tIm´-bØp FØp-Ibpw

23-˛mw XobXn ImeØv kw`-h-ÿew kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw D≠m-bn.

I£n-c-ln-X-cmb Bfp-I-fn¬\n∂pw BZyw sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°p-I-

bmWp DØ-a-sa∂p Icp-Xn-b-Xp-sIm≠v At±lw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn-

te°p t]mbn-√. At±lw I£n-c-ln-X-cmb Nnesc ImWp-Ibpw

sXfnhp tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah¿ ZrIvkm-£n-I-f-

√m-bn-cp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Nne¿ Cu kw`hw I≠-h¿ D≠v F∂v

At±lw a\-n-em-°n. AXp-sIm≠v 24-˛8-˛97-˛¬ At±lw skan-\m-

cn-°p-≈n-te°p IS-∂p-sN-∂p. F∂m¬ A∂p ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gvN-bm-

I-sIm≠v Bscbpw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®n-√.

Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn¬ Hcp sIme-t°-n-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn-°m≥ D≠m-bn-

cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Un.Fkv.]n. -bpsS B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v C≥kvs]-IvS¿

Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]m∏n-s°m-e-t°-n-s\-∏‰n At\z-jn-°m≥ ]n∂oSp \nbp-‡-\m-bXv

127B\-∏m∏n

G‰p-am-\q¿ C≥kvs]-IvS-dm-Wv. At±lw 27-˛8-˛87-˛¬ tIm´-bØp BK-

X-\m-bn. A∂p-ap-X¬ tIk-t\z-j-Whpw Bcw-`n-®p. 3˛9-˛98-˛¬

At±lw aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI Nne km£n-Isf lmP-cm-°n.

]n∂oSv Bdp-apJw]n≈ C≥kvs]-IvS¿ ÿnc-ambn tIm´-bØp \nb-

an-°-s∏-´p. At±lw PmK-X-bmbn tIkv At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw ]Xn-

Isf AdÃp sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 17-˛9-˛67-˛¬ At±lw Ggp ]Xn-I-

fpsS t]cn¬ tIkv Nm¿÷v sNøp-Ibpw aPn-kvtS‰v Hcp Bƒ ]cn-

tim-[\ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\p

apºmbn F´p apX¬ ]Xn-s\m-∂p-hsc ]Xn-I-sf-°qSn AdÃp sNbvXp.

Cu tIkn¬ IrXyw sNbvX GXm\pw t]¿ IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah¿ Hfn-hn-em-Wv. Fs‚ apºmsI lmP-cm-°-s∏-ń-´p≈ ]Xn-Iƒ

\n¿t±m-jn-I-fm-sW∂p hmZn-°p-∂p. H∂pw aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]d-bp∂p

Ahsc B tIkn¬ IpSp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xß-fpsS iXp-hmb D∏q-

ń¬ Ah-dm-®s‚ t]cW \nan-Ø-am-sW-∂v. c≠pw Ggpw ]Xn-I-

fpsS hmZw Xß-fpsS hntcm-[n-I-fmb hmZn- mKw H∂pw c≠pw km£n-

I-fpsS t]c-W-bm-emWv Xßsf ]Xn-h-¿§Øn¬ tN¿ØXv

F∂mWv. \mepw ]Øpw ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZw Xßƒ _mhm I£n-

Iƒ BI-sIm≠p hmZn-`mKw 19-˛mw km£n-I-fpsS t]c-W-bm-em-

sW∂v. A©pw Bdpw HºXpw ]Xn-Iƒ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ktlm-

Z-c-\mb A°c sIm®p-]m-∏n-bpsS Bin-X-∑m-cm-Wv. A°sc sIm®p-

]m-∏n-tbm-Sp≈ sshc-\n-cym-X-\-Øn-\mWv Ahsc ]Xn-I-fm-°n-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv F∂mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw.

]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah¿ FXn¿I£n

saXm-\mb am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ the-°m¿ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Xßsf

]Xn-I-fm-°n-b-Xm-sW∂pw, kw -h-Zn-hkw Ah¿ ÿe-Øn-√m-bn-cp∂p

F∂p-am-Wv. H∂p- ap-X¬ H≥]-Xp- hsc ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬

t]mb-tX-bn-s√-∂pw, Ah¿ ]m∏nsb I≠n´p t]mep-an-s√∂pw hmZn-

°p-∂p.

Hcp lnwkm-fl-I-amb ac-W-amWv ]m∏n-bv°p-≠m-bXv F∂-Xn-s\-

∏‰n bmsXmcp X¿°-hp-an-√. hSn-I-fpw, Ipdp-¥-Sn-I-fpw sIm≠pw D≈

\nc-h[n ASn-Iƒ \nan-Ø-amWv ]m∏n sIm√-s∏-´Xv F∂v saUn-°¬

k¿ń-^n-°-‰n¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿ ]d-

bp∂p, ]m∏n \√ Btcm-Ky-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h\pw _en-jvT\pw Bbn-

cp∂p F∂v. Xe-bv°p≈ ASn-Iƒ \nanØw Xe-tbmń s]m´p-Ibpw

Xe-t®m¿ sXdn®p ]pd-tØbv°v NmSp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-

W-Øn\p ImcWw Xe-t®m-dn-\p≈ AXn-I-Tn-\-amb tla-Z-fi-am-sW-

∂mWv saUn-°¬ Hmô-k-dpsS hnZ-Kv≤m-`n-]m-bw.

128 B\-∏m∏n

Cu ]oU-\-Øn\pw £X-Øn\pw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ BcmWv? GXv

kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv Ch kw`-hn-®-Xv? ]m∏n Xncp-h√m kztZin Bb-

Xp-sIm≠v tIm´-bØv iXp-°-tfm, anX-ßtfm D≠m-bn-cn-°m≥ CS-

bn-√. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, At±-l-Øns‚ amt\-

P¿ a´-bv°¬ A®≥, a‰p ]e km£n-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS samgn-Iƒ

sIm≠v sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv FXn¿I-£n-I-fpsS ]cn-lm-k-Øn¬

\n∂pw saXms\ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn´mWv ]m∏n tIm´-bØp

h∂Xv F∂p-am-Wv. Ipw` -amkw Ah-km-\-tØmsS Abmƒ tIm´-

bØp hcn-Ibpw F´p-]Øp Znhkw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw Xncn-®p-t]m-Ip-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. AXn-\ptijw

Abmƒ kw`-h-Zn-hkw ImeØv tIm´-bØp ho≠pw hcn-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AXp-sIm≠v hy‡n-]-c-am-bn´v iXp-°ƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v

Abmƒ A[n-I-Zn-hkw tIm´-bØp Xma-kn-®n-ń-√. ]Xn-I-tfm, Ah-

cpsS km£n-Itfm sIme-]m-X-I-Øn-\p≈ Dt±iyw F¥m-sW∂p

]d-bp-∂n-√. t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ ]m∏nsb BI-

an-®-Xv, hS-°p-h-i-Øp-sh®v A√, ]XypX ]Sn-™m-dp-h-iØp h®mWv.

amX-a-√, kw`hw \S-∂Xv cmXn F´p aWn-t°m, Hº-Xp- a-Wnt°m

BWv. A√msX k‘y-a-b-°-Øm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬

hy‡n-ssh-cmKyw \nan-Ø-am-sW-∂p≈ kn≤m¥w ]msS ]cn-Xy-Pn-

t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

kap-Zmb SÃn-I-fn¬ Hcp-h-\mb kn. sP. Ipcy\v, am¿ Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]em-b\w

sNøn-®-tijw am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ssIh-i-s∏-

Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p tamlw. AXn-\p-th≠n km[y-

amb GXp am¿§hpw kzoI-cn-®p-t]m-∂p. F√mw-Xs∂ ]cm-P-b-Øn¬

Iem-in-®-t∏mƒ At±lw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw, siΩm-i-∑m-cp-

sSbpw skan-\m-cn-bnse Xmakw G‰w hnj-a-I-c-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw, iey-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn GXm\pw Bfp-Isf skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬

Xmhfw Dd-∏n-®p. am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬, GXm-

\pw-t]sc saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂p. At∏mƒ SÃn-I-fpsS Dt±iy km^-ey-Øn-\p-th≠n Ipsd

N´-ºn-Isf G¿s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Aßs\ saXm-t\-bpw,

siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw iey-s∏-SpØn hncń HmSn-°m≥ GXm\pw apl-Ω-

Zo-b-sc-bpw, tNmh-∑m-tcbpw SÃn G¿s∏-Sp-Øn. i‡n-a-√-\mb

]m∏nsb sIme-sN-øp-I-tbm, AwK-hn-lo-\-\m-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬

saXm-®s‚ AwK-c-£-I-∑m-cmbn tijn-°p-∂-h¿ \ncm-i-cmbn HmSn-

129B\-∏m∏n

s∏m-bvs°m-≈p-sa-∂pw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn saXm\pw ]cn-hm-c-ßfpw skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]mW-c-£m¿∞w ]em-b\w sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-sa∂pw

]Xo-£n®p. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-Nc-∑mcpw ta¬]-

d™]Imcw Nn¥n®p. CXmWv Cu Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-t\m-

t±-iyw. CXv FX-amXw kXy-am-sW∂p Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xm-

bn-cn-°pw. bmt°m-_mb kap-Zm-b-Ønse `n∂-X-sb-∏‰n Rm≥ apºv

hnNn-¥\w sNbvXn-´p-≠-t√m. H∂mw ¢mkv aPnkvtS-‰ns‚ DØ-c-h-

\p-k-cn®v saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ skan-

\m-cnbpw ]pc-bn-Shpw h∂p-tN¿∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw Rm≥ ]d™p Ign-

™n-´p-≠v. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS X\Xv ssIh-i-Øn¬ skan-\m-

cnbpw a‰pw G¬]n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXv icn-bm-bn√ F∂p≈ sslt°m-

SXn hn[n-sb-∏-‰nbpw Rm≥ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ a‰p c≠p

SÃn-Iƒ°v sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ \¬Inb Ah-Im-i-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X-

embn thW-sa∂v BK-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. Ah¿

H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ apºmsI hmZn-®Xv Ah¿°v Ccp-h¿°pw

X\n®v ssIhiw thW-sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Hcp SÃn

amXw. AXm-bXv SÃn-Iƒ aqh-cn¬, Ah¿ qcn-]-£-ap-≈-h-cm-sW∂p

Npcp-°w. AXp IqSmsX At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬ saXm-

t∏m-eoØm apS-°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW-∂pw, X∂n-anØw At±lw Iq´p-SÃn

ÿm\Øp \n∂p \o°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂pw Ah¿ hmZn-®p. sslt°m-

SXn hn[n D≠mb DSs\ Xs∂ c≠p SÃn-Iƒ°pw skan-\m-cnbpw

hkvXp-°fpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ssIh-i-Øn¬\n∂pw hnS¿Øn

Ah-cpsS I£n-bn¬s∏´ am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns\ G¬]n-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-

Xm-bn-cp∂p Aflmb sshZnI SÃn-I-fpsS D∂w. 18-˛8-˛87-˛¬ skan-

\mcn]d-ºnse \mfn-tIcw CSo-°m≥ SÃn-Iƒ ian-®p. AXns\

FXn¿Ø am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ amt\-P-cmb a´-bv°¬ A®s\

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bƒ°m¿ A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw tZtlm-]-Zhw G¬]n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a -bv°¬ A®-\pw, siΩm-i\pw l¿Pn-Iƒ sImSp-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-I -D≠m-bn F∂v apºv ]kvXm-hn-®n- p-≠-t√m. CtXmsS

t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSdpw a‰pw cwK-ÿn-X-cm-bn. AI-a-ßƒ sNø-

cp-sX∂v Ah¿ SÃn-Isf KpW-tZm-jn-®p. skan-\mcn]d-ºnse \mfn-

tIcw CSo® Znhkw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbbpw FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ A]-

am-\n®p F∂v Hcp hm¿Ø ]c-∂n-cp-∂p. Cu hm¿Ø kXy-amtWm

F∂v At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Xncp-h√m, amth-en-°c apX-emb ÿe-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A\p-Km-an-Iƒ tIm -bØv hcn-

I-bp-≠m-bn. taen¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb A]-am-\n-°m≥ CS-bm-

ImsX Ccn-∏m≥ GXm-\pw-t]sc Ab®psImSp-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n®p.

130 B\-∏m∏n

AX-\p-k-cn®v GI-tZiw Ccp-]-Øn-b©v Bfp-Isf Ab-®p-sIm-

SpØp. AXn¬ ]Øp-t]¿ Ft∏mgpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-emWv t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvSdpw, H∂mw ¢mkv

aPn-kvtS-‰pw, UnkvSnIvSv aPn-kvtS-‰n\v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Ab-®-Xv.

]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ tIm´-bsØ ]≈n-Iƒ amX-a-√, am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkym-kns‚ X\n-®p≈ ssIh-i-Øn¬ Ccp∂ ]gbskan-\mcn

Nm∏epw AS®p]q´-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aPn-kvtS-

‰ns‚ DØ-chv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ Hcp hnj-am-h-ÿ-bn¬

FØn®p. ]oUm-\p-`-hm-gvN-bn¬ a‰v GsX-¶nepw ]≈n-bn-te°v

Xmakw am‰msX ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ Hcp apdn IqZmi sNbvXv

At±lw Xs‚ [ym\-]-c-amb ]m¿∞\Iƒ \S-Øn-t∏m-∂p.

Xßƒ ]Xo-£n-®-Xp-t]mse am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cn-bn¬

\n∂p ]em-b\w sNbvXn-s√∂pw, Xs‚ tZl-c-£-bv°mbn GXm\pw

t]sc am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv \ntbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw SÃn-Iƒ

Kln-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚bpw At¥-hm-kn-I-fmb siΩm-i-∑m-cp-

sSbpw skan-\m-cn-bnse Pohn-X-Øn\v ieyw hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn SÃn

Iƒ IqSp-X¬ hocy-h-Ømb am¿§-ßƒ tXSp-I-bp-≠m-bn. GI-tZiw

ao\w 10 apX¬ Nne apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpw, tNmh-∑m-cpw, InkvXym-\n-Ifpw

kwL-ambn skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂n-cp-∂p. Ch-cn¬ Nne-cpsS ]°¬

Ipdp-h-Sn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sshZnI hnZym-`ym-km¿∞w skan-\m-cn-

bn¬, Xma-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ siΩm-i-∑m-sc-bpw, AhnsS Xmakw

Dd-∏n-®n-cp∂ Xs∂bpw `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw, A]-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

Nn√d iey-ßƒ sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Ch¿ skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬

Np‰n-A-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv F∂p hmZn-`mKw 19-˛-mw -km-£n-bmb am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. At±lw atlm-

∂-X-amb Hcp ÿm\Øv Bcq-V-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp alm-\m-Wv.

At±lw AX Ffp-∏-Øn¬ N´-ºn-Iƒ°v A`n-K-ay-\-√. F∂n-cp-

∂mepw At±-lsØ A]-am-\n-°m≥ sNbvX Nne kw`-h-ß-sf-∏‰n

samgn -sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. hmZn-`mKw 13˛Dw 23˛Dw km£n-I-fmb siΩm-

i-∑mcpw samgn- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu iey-ß-tfbpw, A]-am-\-P-\y-

ßfmb kw`-h-ß-sfbpw hnh-cn®p ta¬]-kvXm-hn® Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-

IqsS ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpw skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ ]th-in-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp∂p F∂-Xn\v [mcmfw sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠v. CXn\v ]Xn-I-fpsS kam-

[m\w skan-\mcn ]d-ºn¬ \n∂pw a‰mcpw tXßm C´p-sIm≠v t]mIm-

Xn-cn-°m-\pw, skan-\m-cn-bnse km[-\-ßƒ Bcpw sIm≠p-t]m-ImsX

kq£n-°m\pw, Xßƒ SÃn-I-fm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-´-h-cp-am-sW-∂m-bn-

cp-∂p.

131B\-∏m∏n

Cu hmZ-ap-J-Øn\v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\mcn sslkvIq-

fnse ]n≥kn-∏-fmb (Fw. F. A®≥) hmZn-`mKw 14˛mw km£n-bpsS

sXfnhpw Fs‚ apºmsI D≠v. ]Xn-I-fn¬ H∂v, aq∂v, ]Xn-s\m∂v

F∂n-hsc Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. At±-l-Øns‚ hSn

]nSn®p ]dn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn H∂pw, aq∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-

bpsS hSt° ap‰Øv Ipdp-hSn G¥n Ccp-∂-h-cmWv F∂pw At±lw

saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS I£n-°m-c≥ BsW-¶nepw kXyw amX-amWv

]d-™Xv F∂p-≈-Xn-s\-∏‰n F\n°v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√.

SÃn-I-fm¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-hcpw, skan-\m-cnsb ImØp-kq-£n-

∏m\pw D≈-h-sc∂ \mtSy\ ]Xn-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bnse At¥-hm-

kn-Isf iey-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw, A]-am-\n-°p-∂-Xp-amb ]e ]hr-Øn-

Ifpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-Xn\p \ap°p [mcmfw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. am¿

Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn\p 10- mw ]Xn-tb-bpw, 11- mw ]Xn-tbbpw amXta Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ Ign-™p-≈p. At±-l-Øn\p h√-t∏m-gpsa ]pd-tØbv°v

ItÆm-Sn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®p≈p F∂p-≈-XmWv CXn-\p≈ Imc-Ww.

F∂m¬ c≠p apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ Xs‚ kao]w h∂p F∂pw, Ahsc

Xm≥ hncń HmSn®p F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

]m∏n c≠m-aXv h∂ Znhkw ]Xn-Iƒ siΩm-i-∑msc A]-am-\n-

®-Xn\pw Fw. G. A®s‚ hSn-]n-Sn®p ]dn-®-Xn\pw Ah-tcmSp tZjy-

Øn¬ iIm-cn-°p-Ibpw taen¬ Aßs\ h√Xpw sNbvXm¬ Xm≥

]Icw ho´p-sa∂v ]m∏n ]Xn-I-tfm-Sp ]d-bp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Xs‚

ImbnIi‡n \nan-Øhpw Xs‚ Iogn-ep≈ AwK-c-£-I-∑m-cpsS

kwJym-_-e-hp-amWv Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ Imc-Ww. ]m∏nsb kwl-cn-

°p-∂-Xnt\m AYhm tZl-Zfiw G¬]n-°p-∂-Xnt\m ]Xn-Iƒ

kwLw -IqSn Btem-N\ \SØn F∂p≈ Imcyw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\p

hnj-a-an-√.

Ht∂m, ct≠m aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p tijw A°c ]m∏-®\pw I´-

∏p-dØp tXmakpw IqSn Iqdn-temkv saXm-®s‚ apdn-bn¬ Ccp∂v

IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah¿ ]e-t∏mgpw Iqdn-temkv

saXms‚ apdn-bn¬ cl-ky-ambn ktΩ-fn-®n-cp-∂p. kw`-h-Zn-hkw

D®Ign™v Ipa-c-I-Øp-\n∂pw Hcp h≈w skan-\m-cn-°-S-hn¬ h∂p.

AXn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfp-Isf 11˛mw ]Xn saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS

apdn-bn-te°v Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-bpsS apdn-bn¬ IqSn. kmbm-”-Øn¬ \mep- a-Wn°v Iqdn-temkv

saXm-®-\pw, `rXy-P-\-ßfpw km[-\-km-a-Kn-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn h≈-°-S-

hn-te°p \oßn. ]m∏-®-\pw, I -∏p-dØp tXmakpw ]Xn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb IS-hp-hsc A\p-bmX sNbvXp.

132 B\-∏m∏n

kw`-h-Øn\p c≠p aWn-°q¿ aptº saXm-t∏m-eoØm skan-\mcn

hn´p-t]m-bXv Nne ]iv\-ßƒ Df-hm-°p-∂p. ]Xn- mKw c≠mw km£n

]d-bp-∂Xv saXm-t∏m-eoØm Ipa-cIw ]≈n-bn-te°v \oßn-bXv

IjvSm-\p-`-hmgvN AhnsS Ign-®p-Iq-´m-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬

sXfnhv IqSp-X-embn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ Cu kam-[m\w kwi-bn-

t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IjvSm-\p-`hmgvN hfsc ][m-\-amb Hcp hmc-am-

sW-∂pw, A°m-e-b-f-hn¬ saXm\v `‡n-]p-c-cw I¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-

jvTn-°m-\p-s≠∂pw At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. Ipa-c-I-Øn\p t]mIm≥

c≠mgvN apsº At±lw Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, F∂m¬

AXn-s\-∏‰n Hcp hm°p-t]mepw bmsXm-cm-tfmSpw ]d-™n-s√∂pw,

Ipa-c-I-tØ°p t]mIm≥ Hcp h≈w G¿∏mSp sNbvXn-s√∂pw

At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. Ipa-c-IØp \n∂pw h≈w h∂Xv Hcp BI-kvanI

kw`-h-am-sW-∂pw, Aßs\ Hcp h≈w h∂n-√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬

At±lw Ggv ssa¬ hnZq-c-amb Ipa-c-I-tØ-°mƒ kao-]-amb ]mW-

º-Sn-°-tem, I√p-¶-Xtbm Xm≥ t]mIp-am-bn-cp-t∂t\ F∂pw At±lw

]d-bp-∂p. ho≠pw At±lw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p, ]≈n-I-fn¬ Xm¬°m-

enI hmk-Øn\p t]mIp-tºmƒ At±lw Xs‚ F√m rXy-∑m-tcbpw

sIm≠p-t]m-IpI ]Xn-hn-s√-∂pw, F∂m¬ Cu ]mhiyw At±lw

Xs‚ ¢m¿°n-t\bpw, siΩm-i-s\bpw F√m the-°m-scbpw sIm≠p-

t]m-bXv A¿∞-K¿`-am-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ an°hmdpw F√m kmam-

\-ßfpw FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw \mfn-Xp-hsc skan-

\m-cn-bn-te°v Xncn®p h∂n-ń-√. Cu hkvXpX-Iƒ F√mw Xs∂bpw

hninjym At±lw kw`-h-Øn\v c≠p aWn-°q¿ aptº s]mSp-∂s\

ÿewhn´Xpw A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv. ]m∏-®\pw, I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kpw-

IqSn saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Ipa-c-IØv Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\p s]s´∂p

Hcp h≈w i´w-sI-ń-b-Xm-sW∂v k¿°m¿ h°o¬ (hmZn h°o¬)

hmZn-°p-∂p. GXm\pw kabw Ign™v D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂ Akp-

J-]-Z-amb kw`hw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS \ma-tØmSv LSn-∏n-°-cp-

sX∂p Icp-Xn-bm-Wv, Cßs\ Ipa-c-IØp \n∂pw h∂ h≈-am-sW∂p

]d™v Hcp h≈w G¿∏mSp sNbvX-Xv. CXn¬\n∂pw a‰p kml-N-cy-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw CXv hniz-kn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

am¿ Iqdn-temkv ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂p h≈w Ib-dnb DSs\

kw`-hn-®Xv ]m∏-®-\pw ]m¿ń-bpw, ]Xn-I-fpw c≠p- `m-K-ambn ]ncn-

bpI F∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne¿ aW-∏p-d-tØ-°pw, a‰p -Nn-e¿ skan-

\m-cn-bn-te°pw t]mbn.

ta¬ hnh-cn® hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Cu Inan-\¬ Ip‰-Øns‚

133B\-∏m∏n

Dt±-iyw ]gbskan-\m-cn-bpsS ssIh-i-sØ-∏-‰n-bm-sW∂pw ]m∏n

AXn\p ]Xn-Iƒ°p XS--ambn \n¬°p∂ Bfm-b-Xp-sIm≠v

Abmsf \o°w sNø-W-sa∂pw D≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

C\nbpw kw`hw \S-∂-Xns‚ kml-N-cy-Øn-te-°p≈ sXfn-hns\

hni-I-e\w sNømw. skan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sjÕp-I-

fn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m FÆw Nmb-°-S-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ

Cu Nmb-°-S-I-fn¬ Ibdn Nmb IpSn-°pI F∂p-≈Xv Hcp ]Xn-hm-

bn-cp-∂p. acn® ]m∏n kmbwImeØv A©c aWn°v Nmb IpSn-°m-

\mbn Ch-bn¬ Hcp Nmb-°-S-bn-te°p t]mbn. H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-

Iƒ hS-°p-h-i-Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bpsS ap≥\n-c-bn¬ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. ]m∏n Nmbbv°p Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ

]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]m∏n°pw a‰pw Nmb sImSp-°m-\n-s√-∂v. jm∏p-S-

a-ÿ-\mb Ip™m-ΩZv (hm-Zn-`mKw ]Ømw km£n) CXns\ ]Xn-

tj-[n-®p. Abmƒ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]‰p-h-c-hp-Imsc Cßs\ hncń

HmSn-°p-∂Xp icnb-s√∂v. AXp tI´-t∏mƒ H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ

Xßƒ AhnsS Ccn-°p-∂n-s√∂p ]d™v Fgp-t∂-‰p. ]Sn-™m-dp-

hi-Øp≈ GXm\pw Bfp-Isf ssI Im-ń-s°m≠v H∂mw ]Xn

ÿeØp \n∂p amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""Cu Bfp-Iƒ Hcp elf

D≠m-°m≥ ian-°-bmWv'' F∂p Nmb-°-S-°m-c≥ ]d-bp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v GXm\pwt]¿ skan-\m-cn-bpsS `mK-

tØ°p t]mIbpw sNbvXp. H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ Xßƒ Ipgn-®p-

aq-Sn-bn-cp∂ Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ am¥n FSp-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿ Ah-bpw-sIm≠v

sXt°m´p ]mbp-∂Xpw I≠p F∂pw samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. H∂mw-

]Xn ]nd-In¬°qSn h∂v ]m∏n-bpsS Xe e£y-am°n HcSn sImSp-

Ø-Xns\ ]m∏n ssI sIm≠p XSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. H∂mw]Xn ho≠pw

]m∏nsb ASn-®p. c≠mw-]-Xnbpw ]m∏nsb H∂Sn-®p. ]m∏n sXs°

Zn°n-te°p HmSn. ""Ah-\m-Wv, ]nSn-sbSm Ahs\'' F∂v ]m∏-®≥

A´-l-kn®p ]d-™p. sXt°m´p HmSnb ]m∏n-bpsSta¬ ]Xn-Iƒ

F√m-hcpw ssI h-®p. ]m∏n Pe-k-ao]w FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥

hSn-hm-fp-sIm≠v ]m∏n-bpsS Imen\v shń. ]m∏n sh≈-Øn¬°qSn

sXt°m´v HmSn. ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpw hSn-IƒsIm≠p ]m∏n-sb- X-√n.

aq∂mw ]Xn, ]m∏nsb De-°- sIm-≠-Sn-®p. ]m∏n sh≈w Hgp-Ip∂

Nmens‚ sX°p-h-iØv FØn-b-t∏mƒ aq∂mw-]Xn ]m∏n-bpsS

Xebv°v De-°-sIm≠v Hc-Sn -IqSn sImSp-Øp. AtXmsS ]m∏n

\neØp hoWp. a‰p ]Xn-Iƒ Ipsd ASn-Iƒ sImSp-Ø-tijw ]em-

b\w sNbvXp. Nne¿ he-tØm-´pw a‰p- Nn-e¿ sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ I´-

∏p-dØp hoń-te-°p-amWv HmSn-t∏m-b-Xv.

134 B\-∏m∏n

hmZn-`mKw H∂mw -km£n an° ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v.

c≠mw km£n F√m ]Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. Cu c≠p

km£n-Ifpw kw`hw Ign™v b-s∏´v hnc-t≠m-Sp-I-bp-≠m-sb-¶nepw

c≠mw km£n Bdns‚ sX°p-h-iØp \n∂p-sIm-≠v kw`hw icn°v

ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ H∂mw km£n skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v HmSn-

t∏m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fmb F√m-h-scbpw Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂-Xn\p km[n-°msX h∂-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

a‰v ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ hmZn-`mKw 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 F∂o km£n-I-

fm-Ip-∂p. Ch-cn¬ aq∂mw km£n adp-`mKw tNcp-Ibpw aPn-kvtS-

‰n¬ Xm≥ apºv sImSpØ samgnsb \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

hmZn-`mKw Bdmw km£n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw Bdp- ssa¬

Zqc-ap≈ Ipgn-a-‰-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp hb--\m-Wv. Abmƒ skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ sN∂Xv am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-®s\ ImWm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-

\p-tijw Abmƒ XmSn-bpw, aoi-bpw, apJhpw Igp-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn B‰p-

I-S-hn-te°v sN∂p. Bdns‚ FXn¿h-i-Øp≈ FSm´p hoń¬ \n∂pw

Xncn®ph∂ Hcp \mb-cmWv hmZn-`mKw Ggmw km£n. hmZn `mKw 8,

9, 10, 11 F∂o km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-tbmSp _‘-s∏´ Bfp-I-fmWv.

Ch-cn¬ 8, 9 F∂ km£n-Iƒ saXms‚ ta\nImh¬`-S-∑m-cn¬ s]´-

h-cpw, ]Øpw, ]Xn-s\m∂pw km£n-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bnse Ipin-\n-

°m-cp-am-Wv. acn® ]m∏n-bpsS \ne-hn-fn-tI´v Cu km£n-Iƒ F√m-

hcpw kw`hw \S∂ ÿe-tØ°v HmSn FØp-Ibpw IS-hnse ssI∏-

S-bn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v kw`hw ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cu km£n-Iƒ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ t_m[n-∏n-°p∂ samgn, H∂mw

]Xn-bmWv BZy-ambn ]m∏nsb Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-®Xv F∂m-Wv.

AXn-\p-tijw c≠mw-]-Xnbpw Xs‚ Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm-≠v ]m∏nsb X√p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. ]m∏n sXt°m´p HmSp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ H∂pw,

c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ Abmsf A\p-[m-h\w sNbvXp. s]mSp-∂s\ a‰p

]Xn-Ifpw ]m∏nsb ASn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A[nIw Bg-an-√mØ sh≈-

®m-en¬ ]m∏n FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]m∏-®≥ Abmsf IpØn. AI-an-Iƒ

]m∏n-bpsS ]n∂mse HmSn. ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°p aq∂mw-]Xn HcSn

sImSp-Øp. Ggmw-]Xn Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v ASn-°p-Ibpw AtXmsS ]m∏n

\neØphogp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ ]Xn-Iƒ F√m-hcpwIqSn

]m∏nsb X√n-®-X-®p. A\-¥cw Ah¿ F√m-hcpw \m\m -Zn-°p-I-fn-

te°pw ]m™p-t]m-bn. ]Xn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn® Ipdp-h-Sn-Iƒ ssIbpsS

hep∏w D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

135B\-∏m∏n

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpw, a´-bv°¬ IØ-\mcpw

Cu elf \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ kabw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ k‘ym-]m¿-

∞\ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. GXm\pw km£n-Iƒ ]d-

bp-∂-Xv, ]m¿∞\ \S-Øn-bXv henb i_vZ-Øn-em-sW∂pw X∂n-

anØw aW¬∏p-dØv \S∂ elf Fs¥∂p tIƒ°m≥ km[n-®n-

s√-∂pw, AXp-sIm-≠v k‘ym-\-a-kvImcw Ign-™-Xn-\p-ti-jta el-

f-sb-∏‰n Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂p≈p F∂p-am-Wv.

hmZn-`mKw 22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ t]mkn-

Iyq-j≥ `mKØp tN¿∂n-cp∂p F∂p≈ Btcm-]Ww kXy-hn-cp-≤-

am-Wv. At±lw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn t]mkn-Iyq-j≥ `mK-Øm-bn-cp∂p

F∂mWv ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ChnsS AX√ IY. Bcw`w

apX¬ Xs∂ saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ At±-l-Øn\p FXn-cmbn Iºn-

Ifpw, ]cmXn l¿Pn-Ifpw Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p F∂v At±lw Xs∂

kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. saXm≥ I£n-I-tfm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ]I

\nanØw Cu tIkv At\z-j-W-Øn¬ At±lw DZm-ko-\-\m-bn-cp∂p

F∂pw, saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ Xs‚ iXp-°-fmbncp∂-Xn-\m¬ X\n°v

At\z-jWw \S-Øm≥ km[n-®n-s√∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbpw

C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS samgn-bn¬ \n∂pw sXfn-bp∂hn[-Øn¬ [mcmfw

hkvXp-X-I-fp-≠v. aPn-kvtS-‰ns‚ Un.H. IØpw samgnbpw Cu A\p-

am-\-Øns\ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ hmZn-`mKw

22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ saXm≥ I£n-I-tfmSv

iXpXzw D≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, ]kvXpX I£nsb A\p-Iq-

en®v dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°m≥ CS-bn-s√∂pw, Rm≥ hfsc hy‡-ambn

A`n-]m-b-s∏-´p-sIm-≈p-∂p. C≥kvs]-IvS¿ k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂p s]≥-

j≥ ]‰n ]ncn™p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Ia-t°-

Sp-I-sf-∏‰n IqSp-X-embn bmsXm∂pw ]kvXm-hn-°m≥ Rm≥ Dt±-in-

°p-∂n-√.

]Xn-I-fpsS ]n∂o-Sp≈ hmZw acn® ]m∏nbpsS ac-W-sam-gnsb

Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v, Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ

At©m Btdm t]cp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ah¿ ]´m-Wn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p

F∂pw. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-samgn FSp-°p∂ kabw Abmƒ Xoh-

amb thZ\ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂XpsIm≠v IqSp-X¬ hni-Z-amb hnh-c-

ßƒ tNmZn®p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p km[n-®n-√. ]m∏n-tbmSp tNmZn®

tNmZy-ßƒ°v icn-bmb adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ km[n-®n-s√∂pw AXn\p

ImcWw Abmƒ°v GImKNnØ-\m-bn-cn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-

≠m-sW∂pw Hcp tNmZyw Xs∂ Ht∂m ct≠m aqt∂m ]mhiyw

136 B\-∏m∏n

tNmZn-®-Xn\p tijta DØcw e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-´p≈p F∂pw saUn-

°¬ Hmô-k¿ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS hnj-

am-hÿ \nanØw ]m∏nsb IqSp-X¬ _p≤n-ap-ń-°msX aPn-kvtS‰v

hnc-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂ ]l-cn-®Xv k‘y Ign™p As©´p

\mgn-I-bv°p tij-am-sW∂v aPn-kvtS-‰n\p t_m[y-am-bn. B ka-

bØn\p apºm-bn-´mWv ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-sN-∂Xv

F∂p-≈Xp Xs∂-bmWv ]m∏n ]d-™Xv sX‰m-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\v

km£yw. acn® ]m∏n, Xs∂ ASn-®Xp ]´m-Wn-I-fm-sW∂p ]d-™n-

cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p taØ-∑mcpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw tNmh-∑mcpw Bbn-

´p≈ Xß-f√ Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ F∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ hmZn-°p-∂p. Cu

hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]m∏n-bpsS `mcy sImSpØ Hcp-

]-cmXn l¿Pnsb Bi-bn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Hcp ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-

_n-fmb kn. Uª-yp. H∂n-s\bpw ]Xn-h¿§-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

ac-W-samgn hmbn-®p-t\m-°n-b-Xn¬ Rm≥ a\-n-em-°p-∂Xv A©m-

dp-t]cv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√mw ]´m-Wn-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. ]e Bfp-Iƒ

IqSn ASn®p. Ipsd Bfp-Iƒ IqSn D≠v. ]´mWn tIm¨Ã-_n-fns\

IqSmsX thsd GsX-¶nepw ]´m-Wnbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn bmsXmcp

kqN-\bpw ]Xn-Iƒ \¬In-bn-ń-√. ]m∏n-bpsS A¥y-samgn \nPm-h-

ÿ-tbmSp tbmPn-°p-∂p-an-√. ""sIm√ps∂ sIm√ps∂'' F∂n-Xym-Zn-

Iƒ sXm≠ -Xp-d∂v IqIn \ne-hn-fn®p ]d-™p-sIm≠v ]m∏n HmSn-b-

t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-Kn-Isf Xncn-®-dn™v Ah¿ GtXXp

h¿§-Øn¬s] -h-cm-sW∂v IrXy-am-tbm, Jfin-X-amtbm Hc- n-]mbw

cq]-h¬°-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n-s√-∂p-≈Xp hy‡-am-Wv. ]m∏n tIm -bØv

A]-cn-Nn-X-\m-sW-∂pw, X≥\n-anØw Bfp-Isf Ah-cpsS Xte¬

sI´p-sIm≠v hnth-Nn-®-dn-bm≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√m-Ø-h\pw Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-

°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ hmZn-`mKw 9˛mw-km£n ]d-bp∂]Imcw amth-en-

°-c-bpw, a‰p Nne ÿe-ß-fnepw taØ-∑msc ]´m-Wn-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-

°m-dp-≈-Xp-sIm≠pw, AXp-a-√m-sb-¶n¬ acn® ]m∏n Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-

Kn-Ifn¬ G‰w ]ap-J-∑m-sc-∏-‰n-tbm¿Øv ]d-bp-∂Xpw Bbn-cn-°mw.

Cß-s\-bp≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ hnkvar-Xn-sIm≠pw, BLmXw

sIm≠pw Cß-s\-bp≈ ]am-Z-ßƒ D≠m-Im-dp-s≠-∂p-≈-Xn\v

At\Iw DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ KŸ-ß-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

tIkns‚ hn[n Cßs\ XpS-cp∂p:˛

Bk-∂-a-c-Wcm-Ip∂ hy‡n-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ samgn hfsc kq£va-

X-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂p≈ [mcW D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. ]tXy-In®v Ah¿ FXn¿ hnkvXm-c-Øn\p hnt[-b-c-√m-Ø-

137B\-∏m∏n

hcpw X≥\n-anØw hymP-samgn \¬In F∂p-≈-Xn-\p≈ in£-bn¬-

\n∂pw hnap-‡cpw Bb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠pw.

G. B¿. B°w ]am-W-Øn-ep-≈ (]m-∏n-bpsS ac-W-sam-gn) hkvXp-

X-Isf tIn¬ sXfn-bn-°-s∏- n- p≈ hkvXp-X-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn ]pe¿-

Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Im≥ ]‰n√ F∂ A`n-]m-b-amWv F\n-°p-≈-Xv.

]Xn-I-fpsS A\-¥-c-]h¿Ø\-ßƒ Cu Imcy-Øn¬ A¬]w

shfn®w hoip-∂p-≠v. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ hmZn-`mKw 24˛mw km£n

(I´∏p-dØp sXmΩn A°) -bpsS samgn G‰w hniz-k-\o-b-ambn Rm≥

Icp-Xp-∂p. Ah¿ ]d-bp∂p; IrXyw \S-∂-Xn\p apºv ]e-t∏mgpw I´-

∏p-dØp hoń¬ IqSns°m≠n-cp-∂-hsc kw`-h-Øn\p tijw, AhnsS

IqSn h∂-Xmbn I≠n-ń√ F∂pw hmZn-`mKw 25˛mw km£n-bmb aPn-

kvtS‰v, samgn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv, ]Xn-Iƒ Hfn®p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p

F∂m-Wv. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ Fs‚ apºmsI X∂ tÃ‰p-

sa‚n¬ Ah¿ kw`-h-Øn-\p-tijw Hfn-hn¬ t]mbn F∂pw Ah¿

am¿ Iqdn-tem-kns‚ `rXy-∑m-cm-sW∂p \Sn-®n-cp∂p F¶nepw ]n∂oSv

Ah¿ saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS IqsS tPmen°p tN¿∂n-ń-s√∂p kΩ-

Xn-°p-∂p-≠v; F´pw, HºXpw ]Xn-Ifpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ahcpw

Hfn-hn-em-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Ahsc sNß-f-Øn-\-SpØp≈ Hcp

ÿeØp h®mWv AdÃp sNbvX-sX∂pw ]m∏n-bpsS h[-Øn\p

apºp-Xs∂ ]Xn-Iƒ Hfn-hn¬t]mbn F∂p-ap≈ hkvXpX Cu

tIkn¬ ]tXyIw Ku\n-t°≠ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv.

ta¬ ]cn-K-Wn® sXfn-hp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp hkvXpX hni-Z-am-Ip-

∂p-≠v. ]Xn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hcpw tN¿∂v ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-Øn\p Imc-

W-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw tZl-Zfiw sNø-W-sa∂p KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-

Ibpw AXn-\mbn \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn kwLw tNcp-Ibpw Ah-cpsS

Dt±-iy-k-^-eo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n skan-\m-cn-bpsS FXn¿h-i-ap≈

aW-∏p-d-Øp-sh®v ]m∏nsb G‰p-ap-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂v hni-Z-am-

Ip-∂p-≠v. ]Xn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°p-Ibpw Ipdp-h-Sn-IƒsIm≠pw

aq∂mw ]Xn Hcp De-°-sIm≠pw ASn-°p-Ibpw X≥\n-anØw Abm-

fpsS ac-W-Øn\v tlXp-hm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿

]d-™n-cn-°p∂ apdn-hp-Iƒ BcmWv G¬]n-®-sX∂pw BcpsS ASn-

\n-an-Ø-amWv ]m∏n acWw ]m]n-®-sX∂pw sXfn-™n-ń-√. F∂m¬

]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠v aq∂mw ]Xnbpw ASn®p

F∂-Xn\v hy‡-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ D≠v. ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bv°p≈ amc-

I-amb ASn°p Imc-W-°m-c≥ aq∂mw ]Xn-bm-sW∂p \ymb-ambn

Duln-°-Ø-°-hÆw sXfn-hp-≠v. F∂m¬ AXv Hcph\p Xo¿®-bmbn

ka¿∞n-°m≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√.

138 B\-∏m∏n

Nmb-°-S-bpsS kao-]-Øp-h®v ]m∏n-bpsS Xebv°v H∂pw c≠pw

]Xn-Iƒ ASn-®mWv Cu BI-aWw Bcw-`n-®-Xv F∂v hy‡-ambn

sXfn-™n-´p-≠v. ]m∏n sXt°m´v HmSn. ]Xn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hcpw Ipdp-

h-Sn-I-fp-ta¥n ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-Øp≈ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-tØ°p

NmSn. X’-abw ]m∏n GXm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p Adn-hn-\p-th≠n ]m∏-

®≥, ]m∏nsb Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Abmsf ]nSn-°m≥ Bh-iy-

s∏- p. sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v ]m∏n ]m™-t∏m-ƒ F√m-

h-cpw-IqSn Abm-fp-sS-ta¬ NmSn-ho-Wp. B‰ns‚ kao-]Øp ]m∏n sN∂-

t∏mƒ he-Øp-Im-en¬ ]m∏-®≥ Hcp IpØp \S-Øn. ]m∏n sh≈-

Øn¬ IqSn \o¥n. F√m ]Xn-Ifpw Ipdp-h-Sn-I-fp-ambn ]m∏nsb A\p-

[m-h\w sNbvXp. aq∂mw ]Xn (A-≥) Hcp De-°-sIm-≠p ]m∏nsb

ASn-®p. AXn-t\msS ]m∏n \new-]-cn-im-bn -ho-Wp. Ggmw ]Xnbpw

Hcp Ipdp-h-Sn-sIm≠p ]m∏nsb ASn-®p. a‰p -]-Xn-Iƒ sXcp-sXsc

]m∏nsb X√n-b-tijw HmSn-°-f-™p. Nne¿ hS-t°m´pw a‰p -Nn-e¿

sX°p-h-i-ap≈ I´-∏p-dØp hoń-te-°p-amWv ]em-b\w sNbvX-Xv.

]m∏n Xs‚ he-XpssI Xe-bn¬ h®p-sIm≠v Xesb D∂w-h-®p-sIm-

≠p≈ ASnsb XSp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

C\nbpw ]Xn-I-fpsS sXfn-hns\ Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ DZy-an-

°p-∂p. ]Øpw ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]Xn-Iƒ HgnsI F√m-hcpw ]d-bp-

∂Xv Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bntem skan-\mcn hf-∏ntem ao\w 10 apX¬

]th-in-®n-ń-s√-∂m-Wv. Cu hkvXp-Xsb ZrIvkm-£n-Ifpw am¿ Zoh-

∂m-tkymkpw m. Koh-dp-Ko-kpw (Fw. F. A-®≥) a -bv°¬ A®\pw

siΩm-i-∑mcpw a‰p Nne km£n-Ifpw \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. ta¬]-d™

km£n-I-fpsS samgnsb Rm≥ apgp-h-\mbpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p.

]m∏nsb X√n-s°m∂ kw`hw \S-∂Xv skan-\m-cn-bpsS hS-°p-h-

i-Øp≈ aW¬Øn-´-bn¬ h®√ ]XypX skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]Sn-™m-

dp-h-iØp h®m-sW∂pw ]Xn-`mKw hmZn-°p-∂p. AXn\p ]pdsa

]m∏nsb A]m-b-I-c-amw-hÆw ]cp-°p-Iƒ G¬]n-®Xv t]mkn-Iyq-

j≥ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse sshIp-t∂cw A©p -a-Wn-bv°-s√∂pw

t\sc-a-dn®v cmXn 8 aWnt°m 9 aWnt°m BsW∂pw Hcp hmZ-

ap≠v. kw`hw \S-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ ]Sn-™mtd aW-∏p-dØph®m-

sW-¶n¬ t]mepw AXns\ hS-°p-h-i-Øm-°p-∂-Xn\v t]mkn-Iyq-j≥

ian-°p-∂-Xn\p bmsXmcp Dt±-iy-Im-c-Whpw Rm≥ ImWp-∂n-√. ]Sn-

™m-dp-h-i-Øp-\n∂v sIme-]m-XIw hS-°p-h-iØp \S-∂-Xp-t]m-se-

X-s∂ ]c-a-Zm-cp-W-amb Ip‰-a-sX. amX-a√ kw`hw \S-∂-Xns‚ ]ns‰

139B\-∏m∏n

Znh-ktam As√-¶n¬ (19˛8˛87) IrXy-ÿew kµ¿in® hmZn-`mKw

22˛mw km£n-bmb t]meokv C≥kvs]-IvS¿ kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn-

sIm-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]m∏nsb ASn-®p-ho-gvØnb ÿew c‡w ]pc-

≠-Xmbn ImW-s∏´p F∂v 30˛8˛87˛¬ Xøm-dm-°nb F. sP. A°w

t]meokv πm\n¬ Cu hkvXpX ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. t]meokv

C≥kvs]-IvS-dpsS sXfnhv ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZw sX‰m-sW∂v ÿm]n-

°m≥ ]m[m-\y-ap≈ H∂m-Wv.

kw`hw cmXn 8 aWnt°m 9 aWnt°m BWv \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv F∂

hmZw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. ]m∏n-bpsS ac-W-sam-gn-bmWv Cu hmZ-Øn\v

Dt]m¬_-e-Iw. k‘y-bv°p-tijw As©´p \mgnI Ign-™mWv

Xs∂ X√nbXv F∂v ]m∏n ]d-bp-∂p. Cu ]kvXm-h\ FgpXn

FSpØ aPn-kvtS-‰n\v At∏mƒ Xs∂ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn

]m∏n°v sX‰p-]-‰n-sb-∂v. aPnkvtS‰v kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn sImSp-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn, ]m∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xv cmXn 8

aWn°pw 9 aWn°pw CS-bv°m-sW∂pw Xm≥ X¬£Ww Bip-]-

Xn-bn¬ FØn F∂pw Abmsf I≠p F∂pw. hmZn-`mKw 21˛mw

km£n-bmb saUn-°¬ Hmô-k¿ kXyw-sNbvXv samgn ]d-™n-

´p≠v. ]m∏n ]d-bp∂]Imcw IrXyw \S-∂Xv cmXn 8 aWn°pw 9

aWn°pw CS-bv°m-sW-¶n¬ Hcp Iń¬ Xøm-dm°n Abmsf BZyw

t]meokvtÃj-\n-te°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Bip-]-Xn-bn-te°pw 8

aWn°pw 9 aWn°pw at≤y sIm≠p-sN∂p F∂p-≈Xv ]gbskan-

\m-cnbpw tIm´bw Pn√m Bip-]-Xnbpw XΩn¬ H∂-c -ssa-en¬ IqSp-

X¬ Zqc-ap≈ ÿnXn°v km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Akm-≤y-am-Wv.

saUn-°¬ Bô-k¿ Hcp Imcyw-IqSn kXy-Øn-t∑¬ samgn sImSp-

°p-∂p-≠v. ]m∏nsb I≠-tijw At±lw Xs‚ in]m-bn-sb-sIm-≠v

Xs‚ hoń¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ Xmt°m¬ hcpØn Bôkv apdn Xpd-

∏n®v aPn-kvtS-‰n\v Hcp IØv Ab-bv°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]kvXpX IØv

cmXn Hº-Xc aWn°v aPn-kvtS-‰n\p Inń. Cu hkvXp-Xbpw ]Xn-

I-fpsS hmZsØ inYn-e-am-°p-∂p. ]m∏n-bpsS apdn-hp-Iƒ h®p-sI-´p-

∂-Xn\v Hcp aWn-°q¿ t\cw th≠n-h-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw ]m∏nsb

ikvX-Inbm apdn-bn¬\n∂p \Sp-°p≈ lmfn-te°v am‰p-I-bp-≠mbn.

Ahn-sS-h®v cmXn 10 aWn°v aPn-kvtS‰v ]m∏n-bpsS samgn hmßp-I-

bp-≠m-bn. CXpw ]m∏nsb ssItb‰w sNbvXXv cmXn 8 aWn°pw 9

aWn°pw CS-bnem-sW-∂p≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS hmZ-Øns‚ I≈-Øcw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. IqSmsX hmZn-`mKw 28-˛mw km£n hn[-h-bmb

sXmΩn A°bpw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw 9 hb-

140 B\-∏m∏n

p≈ _men-I-bmb A°bpw a‰p km£n-Ifpw kw`hw k‘y-a-b-

°-Øn\p apºm-sW∂v kXyw sNbvXp samgn ]d-bp-∂p. Cßs\

Jfin-X-amb ]kvXm-h-\-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ sXcphp km£n-Ifpw

]q¿∆m-]-c-hn-cp-≤-ambn samgn-\¬In-b-h-cp-amb ]Xn- mKw 2, 4, 5 F∂o

km£n-Isf hniz-kn-°m≥ bmsXmcp am¿§hpw ImWp-∂n-√.

am¿ Iqdn-temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS apdn-bn¬h-®p≈ ]m∏-®-

s‚bpw I´-∏p-dØp tXma-kn-s‚bpw IqSn-bm-tem-N-\, Ipa-c-IØp

\n∂p-ap≈ h≈w h∂Xpw kwi-b-P-\-I-amb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ saXm-

t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Ipa-c-I-tØ-°p≈ \n¿§-a-\hpw s]mXp-hmb Hcp

]h¿Ø-\sØ Dt±-in-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. I´-∏p-dØp `h-\-Øn¬

sshIp-t∂cw \mep -a-Wn°v Ipdp-hSn G¥n-s°m-≠p≈ ]Xn-I-fpsS

Iq´p-Iq-S-epw, ]m∏n°v Nmb-°-S-bn¬ \n∂p Nmb sImSp-Øp-t]m-I-cp-

sX-∂p≈ H∂p- ap-X¬ aq∂p -hsc ]Xn-I-fpsS imk-\bpw Hcp el-

f-bv°p≈ Bcw- -am-sW∂ Nmb-°S DS-a-bpsS ap∂-dn-bn∏pw Hcp elf

D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ s]mXp-hmb Dt±-iy-Øns‚ \mµn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. H∂p- ap-X¬ aq∂p-hsc ]XnIƒ Xß-fpsS Ipdp-h-

Sn-Iƒ aW-en¬ Ipgn-®n-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xpw, H∂mw-]Xn ]Sn-™m-dp-h-i-

Øp≈ Hcmsf BwKyw ImńbXpw, kw`-h-cw-K-tØ-°p≈ ]m∏-®-

s‚bpw, a‰p ]Xn-I-fp-sSbpw, A\y-∑m-cp-sSbpw s]mSp-∂-\-sh-bp≈

]th-i-\hpw ta¬∏-d™ \nK-a-\-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-hm≥ klm-

bn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv. ""CXm-Ip∂p Bfv, ]nSn-b-hs\'' F∂p≈

]m∏-®s‚ Iq°n-hn-fnbpw ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ Dt±iysØ

shfn-hm-°p-∂p. BI-aWw \S-Øn-b-h¿ F√m-h¿°pw ]m∏nsb

I≠m¬ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ ]mSn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬

]m∏nsb amc-I-amb Bbp-[-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ITn-\-amb ]lcw

\S-Ø-W-sa∂v F√m AI-an-Iƒ°pw Dt±iyw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw

Ah¿ aW¬Øn-´-bn-te°v t]mbXv s]mXp-hmb Xß-fpsS AòjvSw

km[n-X-]m-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xpw Fs‚ a\-n¬

hy‡-ambn DZn-®p-h-cp∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Cu s]mXp Dt±iy-

km≤y-Øn-\mWv H∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-Iƒ ]m∏nsb ]l-cn-°m≥ Bcw-

`n-®Xpw XpS¿∂v a‰p ]Xn-Ifpw A\y-∑mcpw ]m∏nsb a¿±n-®Xpw

F∂p-≈Xpw hy‡-am-Wv. ]m∏n-bpsS Xe-bv°p≈ ]lcw \nanØw

]ns‰-Zn-hkw ]m∏n acn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬

]m∏nsb Hcp t]∏-ń-sb-t∏mse X√n-®-X-bv°-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.

Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Fs‚ A`n-]mbw ]m∏nsb AXn-Zm-cp-W-

ambhn[w a¿Zn® ]Xn-I-fpsS Dt±iyw Abmsf hI-h-cp-Ø-W-sa-

141B\-∏m∏n

∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ in£m-\n-b-

a-Ønse 104-˛Dw 301-˛Dw A\p-tO-Z-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v ]Xn-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-

Ø-tcbpw Poh-]-cy¥w XS-hn\p in£n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. Cu ]cn-Xx-

ÿn-Xn-bn¬ AI-am-k-‡-amb el-f-bp-≠m-°n-b-Xn\p ]Xn-Iƒ°v

Rm≥ ]tXy-I-ambn thsd in£ \¬Ip-∂n-√.

]kvXpX PUvPvsa‚ v tIm´bw skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn¬ PUvPn-

bm-bn-cp∂ sI. i¶-c-∏n≈ Ah¿Iƒ sIm√-h¿jw 1088˛m-am≠v I∂n-

amkw 26-˛mw XobXn ]Jym-]n-®p.

]Xn-Iƒ

1. Iam-ep-Zo≥ 2. HmXn-°≥ aI≥ Ip™n-ap-l-ΩZv 3. Nnd-bn¬

A≥ 4. ]≈n-hm-Xp-°¬ Ip™nt°m 5. If-Øn¬ Ipacn, 6. ]me-

∏-d-ºn¬ Ip™o-kvam≥, 7. ssX∏-d-ºn¬ aØ-s\∂ Ip©n, 8. ssX∏-

d-ºn¬ Ipcp-hnf, 9. If-Øn¬ DØ≥, 10. skan-\m-cn-∏-d-ºn¬ sIm®p-

Ip-´≥, 11. \mÍw sNdn-bm≥. ]nSnIn´m-Ø-h¿ thtd Bdp t]¿.

Sn ]Xn-t\gp ]Xn-Isf H∂mw ¢mkv aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬

\n∂p skj≥kp tImS-Xn-bn-te°p Ian‰p sNbvXp. tIm´bw skj-

≥kv tIm¿ń¬ 1087-˛¬ skj≥ tIkp \º¿ 29 Bbn sIme-t°kv

hnkvX-cn-°-s∏-´p. k¿°m-cm-bn-cp∂p hmZn. skj≥kv PUvPn sI.

i¶-c-∏n≈ k¿∆o-kn¬ \n∂pw s]≥j≥ ]‰n-b-tijw Ccp-]-Øn-

\m-em-bncw Imb-en¬ Bbn-c-∏d \nehpw F^v. tªm°p Imb-en¬

(D-t±iw Bdm-bn-c-∏-d) ]Ip-Xn-tbm-fhpw IpØn-sb-SpØv Irjnbn-ep≈

Xs‚ Xm¬]cyw ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]gp-°m-\n-e-Øn\p kao-

]-ap≈ Cu Imb¬ \ne-Øn\v C∂pw ""PUvPn Bdm-bncw'' F∂mWv

I¿j-I¿ hnfn®p hcp-∂-Xv.

hmZn mK-tØ°v k¿°m¿ h°o¬ tImgn-a-Æn¬ tXmakv h¿Kokv

At±-lsØ klm-bn-°m-\mbn A∂v tIm´bw _mdn¬ ]mIvSokv

sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ sslt°m-S-Xn-bnse

Hcp PUvPn-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xp-amb kmlnXy ]©m-\-\≥ ]n. sI. \mcm-b-

W-]n-≈bpw 1 apX¬ 6 hsc ]Xn-Iƒ°p-th≠n h°o-¬ F¬. sI.

cma-kzman Aøcpw, Cu kp_-“-Wy-ø¿ (C-t±-lw, ]n∂oSv Xncp-h-\-

¥-]pcw tem tIm-f-Pn¬ ]n≥kn-∏-fmbn dn´b¿ sNbvXp) 7 apX¬ 11

hsc ]Xn-Iƒ°p-th≠n ssIX-bn¬ sI. sP. Ipcy\pw (Ip-™≥-

_mhm h°o¬ F∂p hnfn®ph∂p) lmP-cm-Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. B

tIkn¬ h -t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, am¿ Iqdn-

temkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm, m. ]n. Sn. Koh-dp-Kokv (]n-∂oSv am¿ Cuhm-

142 B\-∏m∏n

\n-tbmkv ˛ _Y\n saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm) F∂n-h¿ Dƒs∏sS 30 t]sc

km£n-I-fmbn hnkvX-cn-®p.

143B\-∏m∏n

VII

B\-∏m∏n Bim≥ kvamcIw

tP-°_v tXma-kv, \Sp-hn-te-°-c, B¿∏p-°c

""B\-∏m∏n'' F∂ Hma-\-t∏-cn¬ Xncp-h√m ]tZ-iØv ]kn-≤-

\m-bn-cp-∂, s]cn-ß-c- I-c-bn¬ B‰p-]p-dØv ]m∏n Bim≥ (h¿°n

hdp-Ko-kv) 1087 ao\w 18-˛\v tIm´bw ]gbskan-\mcn aW-∏p-d-Øp-

h®p h[n-°-s∏-´p. A∂p-ap-X¬ Ct∂-tbmfw B IY Fgp-Xnbpw

]d™pw [mcmfw tIń-´p-≠v. X¬kw-_-‘-amb tIkv _p°nse

hnh-c-ßƒ amXw B kw`-h-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w Xcp-∂p-an-√.

\kmWn hymk≥ CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v B IY \kmWn 4˛mw

hmey-Øn¬ lrZ-b-kv]r-°mbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ Bcm-[y-]pcp-

j-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmb alm-\mb sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏n-f-bpsS ktlm-Z-

c-]p-X≥ sI. C. amΩ≥ N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂p ""Fs‚

A∏-®-\mWv B\-∏m-∏n-t®-´s\'' tIm´-b-tØ-bv°-b-®-Xv F∂v. At±-

l-Øns‚ tPyjvT≥ sI. C. sNdn-bm\pw Cu teJ-I-t\mSv B hnhcw

]d-™n-´p-≠v. ""B\-∏m∏n ]pcmWw'' H. Fw. amXyp BZyw Fgp-Xn-

bXv ]q¿Æ-a√ F∂v amΩ-t\bpw amXyp-hn-t\bpw IØp -aqew Adn-

bn-®p. Cu tIkn¬ km£n-bmbn hnkvX-cn-°-s∏´ 9 hb-p≈

A°bpw Cu teJ-I\pw tPyjvTm\pP-∑m-cpsS ]pXo-k-¥m-\-ß-

fmWv. A°-bpsS amXm-a-l≥ hmI-Øm-\Øv Imń¬ HmWm´v Ipcy≥

]p∂qkv ]tXy-I-ambn At]-£n®p A°sb IΩo-j≥ h®v hnkvX-

cn-®-Xm-bn-´v Adn-bmw. Cu A°-bpsS samgn tIknse \ymbm-[n-]≥

G‰-hp-a-[nIw hne-a-Xn®p F∂Xv Cu teJ-I\pw A¬]w A`n-am\w

Xcp-∂p-≠v. Fs‚ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Fs‚ amXmhv B sIme-]m-X-I-

°Y k¶-S-tØmsS ]e-h´w hnh-cn-®p- tI- n- p-≠v. k`m- m-kp-c≥ samgn-

sIm-SpØt∏mƒ Ic™ hnh-chpw F√mw AXn¬s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn C∂pw

Hm¿°p-∂p. ]m∏n Bim-s\ AX s]s´∂v hogvØp-hm≥ ]‰n√m F∂v

FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ°v ]q¿Æ -t_m-≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bim≥ sshIp-t∂cw

tZlØv FÆ-bpw-tX®v Ipfn-°m≥ B‰n-tebv°p hcpw. Ip™m-Ωn-

bpsS IS-bn¬ \n∂v ]p´pw ]ghpw Nmbbpw Ign-°pw. kw`-h-Zn-h-

khpw Aßs\ h∂-t∏m-gmWv ]e Znh-ksØ Btem-N-\-bpsS e-

ambn FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ Bkq-XWw sNbvXXpw òcpXzw \nd-™Xpw

NXn-hn-t‚Xpw Bb \n\-®n-cn-°mØ t\c-Øp-≈-Xp-amb BI-a-W-

ap-≠m-b-Xv. Bim≥ òcp-h-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v X’-abw \ncm-bp-[-\m-

144 B\-∏m∏n

bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ \ne-sIm-≠v Adn-bmw. At±lw Hcp ap®m¨-

hSntbm ]n®m-Øntbm Imń Bscbpw òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbpw

Xs‚ tIm´bw skan-\mcn Imh¬°-Y-I-fn¬ Bcpw ]d-™p-tI-ń-

ń√. i‡-amb `mj-bn¬ FXn-cm-fn-Isf Xm°oXp sNbvXn-´p-≠v,

AX -X-s∂.

s]mSp-∂-t\-bp≈ BI-aW-Øn¬ tXm¿Øp-ap≠v £W-Øn¬

]ncn®v ]pd-tIm´v Nph-Sp-h®v Xs‚ -t\-sc-h∂ ASn-Isf A¬]-k-

abw XSp-Øp- \n-∂p. tXm¿Øv C©-\m-cmbn amdn. CXn-\Iw Iq´m-fn-

Iƒ HmSnc£-s∏- p. ]Xn-bn-cp∂ AI-an-Iƒ ]e hi-Øp-\n∂pw Ipdp-

h-Sn, De-°, hSn-hmƒ Ch-bp-ambn Xs‚-t\sc ASp-Øp. At∏mgpw

shdpw-ssI- sIm≠v ASn-Iƒ Xń Xm≥ Nph-Sp-h®v skan-\m-cnsb

e£y-am°n \oßn. _en-jvT-amb B ssIIƒ Xf¿∂p. Xm≥ Hcp

sXßn≥Ip-‰n-bn¬ Xń hoWp. At∏mƒ Xs‚ he-Xp-Im-ens‚ IpXn-

bn¬ hSn-hmƒ ]tbmKw \S-∂p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv Poh-c-£-bv°m-

bp≈ Hm´hpw ""sIm√pt∂'' F∂ A´-lm-k-hpw. \oXn-am-\mb

PUvPnbpw thZ\ kv^pcn-°p∂hn[w ""t]∏-ńsb sIm√pw-hn[w''

F∂p hn[n-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb B Iqc-amb Xe-bv°-Sn-Ifpw \S-∂-Xv.

hoc-knwlw k`m- m-kp-c≥ Adp-k-¶-S-Øm¬ ]Xn-t\-gn¬∏cw a√-∑m¿

IqSn NXn-hn¬ Adp-sIm-e -sNbvX B \kmWn A`n-a-\yp-hns\

ImWp-hm≥ apdn- hn-ń-d-ßn-bn-√. ""Fs‚ hmey-°m-cs\ sIm∂p'' F∂v

CS-dnb IWvT-Øn¬ \n∂v ]X-dn-hoW samgn-Ifpw \nd-s™m-gp-Inb

angn-Ifpw B `rXy-h[w Xs∂ FX thZ-\n-∏n®p F∂p \mw C∂v

a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ B tIkv hnkvXm-c-tcJ ÿnXn sNøp-∂p. ""Ip¿-

∫m-\-bnse I¿Ωw Umam Ifn®p ImWn-∏m-\-√, samgn \¬Ip-hm-

\mWv h∂-Xv. F\n-°n-t∏mƒ a\-n√'' F∂o-hn[w Xpd-∂-Sn®p samgn

]d™ hoc-knwlw B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kn¬ \ymbm-[n-]s\ kzm[o-\n-

°p-hm≥ apX-e-°-Æo¿ s]mgn®p F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-hm-\m-hn-√. B bpK-

]-`m-h-\n¬ Aßs\ Hcp ktµlw iXp-°ƒ°pw D≠m-Ip-sa∂v

tXm∂p-∂p-an-√.

Cu ]pcmW ]mcm-b-Ww-sIm≠v \mw InkvXo-b-[¿Ωw, euIn-I-

[¿Ωw F∂o c≠v Imcy-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂n-√ F¶n¬ F¥v ]tbm-

P\w? C∂v \mw ]pWym-flm-hmbn ]pI-gvØp∂ k`m-`m-kp-cs‚ Poh-

c-£bv°pw skan-\m-cn-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\p-ambn h∂-h-cpsS \mb-

I-\mbn \n¬°sh iXp-°-fpsS BI-a-W-Øn¬ c‡-km-£nXzw

hcn-®Xv ]m∏n Bim≥ amX-am-Wv. k`m-`m-kp-cs\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-

h¿°v ]m∏n Bim≥ hnkvar-X-\mIpI F∂Xv sshcp-≤y-am-Wv.

145B\-∏m∏n

Bims\ \mw kvacn-°pI Xs∂ thWw. At∏mgmWv k`m-`m-kp-

cs‚ Bflmhv kt¥m-jn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn\p Nne Ffnb \n¿t±-i-

ßƒ Xmsg Ipdn-°p-∂p.

1. ]m∏n Bims\ FhnsS AS°n F∂v Adn-b-Ww. C∂Xv

tIm´bw ]tZ-iØv Adn-bm-hp∂ ][m\ hy‡n A∂v (1087-˛¬) 25

hb-tmfw ]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]mtd´v amXyqkv siΩm-i-\m-Wv (A`n-

hµy ]mtd´v amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n). B Ipgn-am-S-

Øn¬ icn-bmb I_¿ sIń®v Nc-a-hn-hcw AS-ßnb inem-^-eIw

ÿm]n-°p-I. C∂v B‘-bnse Zpcn-Xm-izmk ]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X-\mb

A`n-h-µy \ncWw saXm-t∏m-eoØm Cu Imcyw \n¿∆-ln-°-Ww.

ImcWw ]m∏n Bim≥ \ncWw CS-h-Ibv°pw \kmWn P\-X-bv°pw

B‘m-°m-tc-°mƒ hne-s∏´ klZm F∂-Xp- X-s∂. At±lw ao\w

18-˛\v ASn-tb‰v 19-˛\v acn-®p. ih-kw-kvImcw 20-˛mw XobXn \S-∂p-

ImWpw. bp‡-amb Znhkw B ]≈n-°m¿ Hm¿Ω \S-Ø-Ww.

2. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ ao\w 18-˛mw XobXn F√m k`m-`m-kpc

Zn\-ß-fnepw Hm¿Ω Ip¿_m-\bpw [q]-]m¿∞-\bpw \S-Ø-Ww.

3. k`m-`m-kpc ap\o-µs‚ I_-dn-S-Øns‚ sXs° ap‰Øv ""Fs‚

hmey-°m-c≥'' F∂v B s]m∂p-Xn-cp-ta\n I¬]n® ]m∏n Bim\v

Hcp kvamc-I-ine ÿm]n-°-Ww.

4. \ΩpsS skan-\m-cn, kt≠-kvIqƒ ]co-£m-hn-P-bn-Iƒ°v ""B\-

∏m∏n Bim≥'' kΩm\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I. CX-bp-am-bm¬ B km[p-

hn-t\mSv \mw InkvXo-b-ambpw euIn-I-ambpw [¿Ωw \nd-th‰n F∂v

A¬]-sa-¶nepw kam-[m-\-s∏-Smw. C°-gn™ k`m-`m-kp-c-Zn-\-Øn¬

Cu teJ-I≥ B Ip¿_m-\bv°v At]-£n®p \S-Øn-®p. F√m ao\w

18-˛epw k`m-`m-kpc kvac-W-Zn-\-ß-fnepw AXv ÿnc-ambn \S-Øp-

hm≥ Ip¿∫m\ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tN¿°p-hm≥ ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ At]-

£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

(1979 am¿®v 29-˛se N¿®v ho°n-en-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv)

(h- -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nc-a- I-\-I-Pq-_n-en-bm-tLmjw kw_-

‘n® Btem-N-\m-tbmKw skan-\m-cn-bpsS ][m\ Ihm-S-Øn\p ""B\-

∏m∏n tK‰v'' F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNø-W-sa∂p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cp-∂p.

tP°_v tXma-kmWv Cu \n¿t±iw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. tbmK-Øn¬

A∂sØ ]n≥kn-∏¬ tUm. ]ueqkv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv A≤y-

£-\m-bn-cp-∂p.)

146 B\-∏m∏n

VIII

kvamcIw tIm´-bØp thWw

F. sI. tPmk- v-(-k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩ‰n AwKw)

ae-¶ck`-bpsS Xd-hmSmb ]gbskan\m-cn-bp-sSbpw ae-¶c

saXm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp∂ ]. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw kwc-

£-W-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm≠v c‡-km-£nXz acWw hcn® B\-∏m∏n

F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Xncp-h-√- s]cn-ßc B‰p-]p-dØv h¿°n h¿Ko-kn\v

]gbsk-an-\mcn hf-∏n¬ DNn-X-amb kvamcIw \n¿Ωn-°-Ww.

]gbskan-\mcn ]cn-k-cØv \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kwL¿j-`-cn-X-amb

ka-b-ß-fn¬ ]pXp-∏≈n, hmI-Øm-\w, Ipdn-®n, a√-∏-≈n, sNß-∂q¿,

B\n-°m-Sv, amth-en-°-c, \ncWw, Xncp-h√ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬

\n∂p≈ k∂≤ S-∑m¿ skan-\m-cn-bpsS kwc-£-W-Øn-\mbn skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn®p h∂n-cp-∂p. Cßs\ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂v Xma-

kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°v t\XrXzw \¬In-b-h-cn¬ ]ap-J¿ B\-∏m∏n F∂

h¿°n h¿Kokv, Xncp-hm-¶m-h≥ sIm®q™v, Imcmbva sIm®nń F∂n-

h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

AXn-i-‡-∑mcpw a√-∑mcpw Bbn-cp∂ Ch-cn¬ G‰hpw ]ap-J≥

B\-∏m∏n Bbn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv KXm-K-X-am¿§w h©-nbmX

Bbncp-∂p. skan-\m-cn-bpsS ]pd-In¬ ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØv h©n

ASp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ib‰v Cd°v \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]tXyIw IShv

Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. B‰n¬ IqSn hcp∂ AI-an-Isf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn

ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØv k`m-kvt\-ln-I-fm-b-h¿ Iymºv sNøpI ]Xn-

hm-bn-cp-∂p.

skan-\mcn kwc-£-W-tØm-sSm∏w B\-∏m-∏n°v ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-

cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AwK-c-£-Is‚ Npa-Xe IqSn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B\-

∏m∏n Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-

\n-bpsS ASpØv sN√p-∂-Xn\v km[n-°n-√m-sb∂v iXp-]-£-Øn\v

Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu t_m[y-Øn¬ \n∂mWv B\-∏m-∏nsb h[n-

°pI F∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Ah¿ FØn-t®¿∂Xv.

1087-˛-m-am≠v ao\-amkw 18-˛mw Xob-Xn-bmWv ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn hf-

∏n¬ ao\-®n-em-dns‚ XocØp h®v B\-∏m∏n F∂ k`m-kvt\-ln-

sb AI-an-Iƒ h[n-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-∂-Xv. sshIp-t∂cw 6 aWn-

147B\-∏m∏n

tbmSp IqSn skan-\-mcn-bn¬ ]m¿∞\ \S-°p∂ kabw F√m-hcpw

]m¿∞-\-bv°mbn Nm∏-en¬ \n¬°p-∂p. ao\-®n-em-‰n-eqsS hcm≥

km[y-X-bp≈ iXp-°sf ho£n-®p-sIm≠v GI-\mbn \n∂ B\-

∏m-∏nsb Hcp kwLw hSn, De-°, hSn-hmƒ apX-emb Bbp-[-ßƒ

D]-tbm-Kn®v ASn®pw CSn®pw IpØnbpw hogvØn. H‰bvt°m sNdnb

Iq´w Bfp-Iƒt°m Iog-S-°m≥ km[n-°mØ hn[-Øn-ep≈ Btcm-

Ky-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p B\-∏m-∏n. AXp-sIm-≠mWv 18 Hmfw BfpIƒ

tN¿∂v BI-an-®-Xv. BZyw i‡ambn FXn¿Øv \n¬°p-Ibpw

]n∂oSv HmSn-c-£-s∏-Sp-hm≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvX B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS

IpXn-Im-en¬ hSn-hmƒ sIm≠v IpØn hogvØn-b-Xn\v tijw shń-

sIm-√p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

"tIm´bw sIme-t°kv' F∂-dn-b-s∏´ Cu tIkn¬ ]Xn-t\gv ]Xn-

Isf t]meokv AdÃv sNbvXp. 11 t]sc aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬

\n∂v skj≥kv tImS-Xn-bn-te°v Ab-®p. Ch¿°v F√mw 1088 I∂n-

amkw 26˛mw XobXn Poh-]-cy¥w XShv in£ hn[n-®p. sslt°m-S-

Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n® Ch-cn¬ aq∂pw c≠pw ]Xn-I-fpsS in£

tImSXn ÿnco-I-cn-®p.

C∂sØ ImeØv Izt -j≥ kwLw F∂p hnfn-°m-hp∂ CØcw

AIan kwLsØ sIm≠v Cu IncmXIrXyw sNøn-®-h¿ Bsc∂

tNmZy-Øn\p≈ DØcw Imew sXfn-bn-®p.

Cu sIme-]m-X-I-Ønse ]Xn-Iƒs°m∂pw hy‡n-]-c-ambn B\-

∏m-∏n-tbmSv hntcm[w C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS AwK-c-£-I≥ As√-¶n¬ ]. k`-bpsS Bÿm\w Im°p-∂-

h≥ F∂ Ip‰-amWv At±lØn\v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ao\-®n-em-dns‚

XocsØ aÆn¬ ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bpsS ÿeØv Xs‚ c‡w

sNmcn™v acn® B\-∏m∏n k`-bpsS [occ‡-km£nbmWv.

ae-¶ck`-bpsS Bÿm-\-amb ]g-b-

sk-an-\m-cn-sbbpw ae-¶csaXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

tbbpw kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ Poh≥ XyPn®

B\-∏m-∏n-sb∂ h¿°n h¿Ko-kns\ kvacn-

°p∂ Hcp ê-I-sa-¶nepw skan-\mcn hf-

∏n-tem At±lw A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈p∂

]pØ≥]≈n-bpsS skan-tØ-cn-bntem

ÿm]n-t°-≠Xv k`-bpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-

hmØ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.

148 B\-∏m∏n

aq∂mw `mKw

_m°n-]Xw

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m≥

k`m-`m-kp-c≥ h´-t»-cn¬ ]. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

149B\-∏m∏n

_m°n-]Xwlo\hpw arKo-b-hp-amb ""B\-∏m-∏n-°p-cpXn'' \S-∂n´v Ct∏mƒ

\qdn¬]cw h¿jw Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ao\-®n-em-dns‚ aW¬∏p-dØv

]m∏n-bpsS NpSp-c‡w hoWv Nph∂ aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ ]pg-bnse IpØn-

sbm-gp-°n¬ Ad-_n-°-S-ense AKm-[-X-bn¬ CXn-\Iw hnebw ]m]n-

®n-cn°pw. B aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ°v h¿j-tasd Ign-™n´pw A∂sØ

\Sp-ßp∂ Hm¿Ω hn´p-am-dn-bn-cn-°-bn-√. Ad-_n-°-S-en-s‚ \oen-a-bn¬

h√-t∏mgpw B aW¬Ø-cn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap-´p-tºmƒ Ah

a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv sNbvX B sImSpw-Iq-c-X-sb-∏‰n Xs∂-bt√

au\-`m-j-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°mdv? I¬]m-¥-Im-e-tØmfw Ah B IZ\-

IY ]d-s™∂ncn°pw.

Ime-]p-cp-j≥ Ncn-X-Øns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ adn-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ Zhym-

K-l-Øn-s‚-bpw, A[n-Im-c-`-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xn-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw NXn-

bp-sSbpw Id-]p-c≠ hc-sam-gn-I-fn¬ B \b-\-ßƒ sN∂p- ap-´pw.

`mkp-c-amb h¿Æ-]-]-©-Øn¬ Icn- I-e-°n-b-Xn\p ZrIvkm-£n-bm-

th≠n h∂ Hcp X]-kzn-bpsS tXß¬ B Xmfp-I-fn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p

tIƒ°p-∂nt√? B Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ hn[m-Xmhv

I¬]n®p \ntbm-Kn® a◊-b-∑msc \ap°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Smw. Ah-cpsS

Cu temI-\n-hm-k-Ønse tijn® \mfp-Iƒ Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v

\ap-s°m∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ian-°mw.

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh

ae-¶ck`-bn¬ Xocm-\miw hnX® IYm-]m-X-ß-fn¬ ]ap-J≥

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Bcpw kΩ-

Xn°pw. ae-¶-c-k-`bv°v sNøm-hp∂ tZml-sa√mw sNbvXpw-sh®v ae-

bm-f-h¿jw 1087 I∂n-amkw 28˛mw XobXn i\n-bmgvN (1911 HIvtSm-

_¿ 14˛mw XobXn) \mep -a-Wn°v Bephm tÃj-\n¬ \n∂v Xoh-

≠n-am¿§w A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv kztZ-i-tØ°v bmX-bm-bn.

[\-k-ºm-Z\w amX-am-bn-cp∂p B alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ ae-¶c kµ¿-

i-\-Øns‚ ][m\ Dt±-iyw. B e£yw th≠-hn[w km[n-°m-sX-

bmWv At±lw Xncn-®p-t]m-b-Xv. 1050-˛¬ h∂ ]tXmkv ]mXn-b¿-

°okv _mhm aS-ßp-tºmƒ sh≈n\mW-b-am-bn-Øs∂ 40000 cq]

sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. kz¿Æ-hpw, sh≈nbpw sIm≠p≈ hfsc

A[nIw km[-\-ßfpw \mSp-I-S-Øn. At±lw t]mbn 35 h¿jw Ign-

™mWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm aS-ßp-∂-Xv. 35 h¿jw

150 B\-∏m∏n

sIm≠v k`-bnse ]≈n-I-fp-sS-bpw, CS-h-I-°m-cp-sSbpw FÆw Cc-

ń-®n-cp-∂p. ]≈n-I-fp-sS-bpw, hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kmº-ØnI\nebpw

CXn-\Iw hfsc Db¿∂n-cp-∂p. B \nebv°v hg°pw, høm-th-enbpw,

tIkpw, Iq´hpw H∂pw C√msX kam-[m-\-tØm-Spw, kt¥m-j-tØmSpw

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p t]mbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Hcp

e£w cq]-sb-¶nepw A∂sØ ImeØv sIm≠p-t]m-Im-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v ]Xn-\m-bncw cq]-bn¬ IqSp-

X¬ tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. kz¿Æ Dcp-∏-Sn-Ifpw Imcy-ambn Inń-

bn-√. ]pXp-∏-ffn ]≈n-bnse henb kz¿Æ-°p-cn-ipw, B¿Øm‰v

]≈n°v t¢mUn-bkv _p°m-\≥ kΩm-\n® I\Ø kz¿Æ saUepw

a‰pw Ih¿∂p-sIm≠p t]mIp-hm≥ iaw \S-Øn-sb-¶nepw AsXm∂pw

hnP-bn-®n-√. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kv, KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-\m-

bn-cp∂ ImeØv ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS

IqsS ae-¶-c-bn¬ h∂n-cp-∂p. ]tXmkv XrXo-b-\p-ambn ]nWßn

At±-l-Øns‚ Xncp-ap-ºn¬ sN∂p-s]-SmsX Hgn-™p-amdn ae-¶-c-bnse

]≈n-I-fn¬ Np‰n-°-dßn ]Ww ]ncn®p aS-ßp-tºmƒ 15000 cq]

sIm≠pt]mbn-cp-∂p. AX-t]mepw ]mXn-b¿°o-kmbn h∂p aS-ßp-

tºmƒ e`n-®n-√.

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv aS-°-bm-X-bn¬ Ipsd-°mew CuPn-

]vXn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Ahn-sS-\n∂p sbdp-i-te-an-te°p t]mbn. AhnsS

kz¥w hoSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS Xma-kn®phcp-tºmƒ IÆn-\pw,

sNhn°pw AkpJw ]nSn®v Xo¿Øpw Ah-i-\m-bn. `cWw \S-Øp-

hm≥ A]m-]vX-\mbn hn-®-t∏mƒ k`m- -c-W-Øn\v aqk-ense AØm-

\m-kn-tbmkv saXm-t\-bpw, Hcp Cuhm-\n-tbmkv saXm-t\bpw, aPn-

enkp \nb-an-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ `cWw \S-Øn-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

A_vtZZv a-inlm ]mXn-b¿°okp _mh 1914 Pqembv 29-˛mw XobXn

Ip¿°pam Zb-dm-bn¬ \n∂p Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkn\v Ab®

Hcp IØn¬ hfsc ZpxJ-I-c-amb Hcp hm¿Ø Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠m-bn-

cp∂p: ""X¬°m-e-tØ°p amXw ]mXn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ kZ-Zp-Im-

c≥ A_vZp≈m I≠mepw \nßƒ Adn-™n-cn-°p∂]Imcw Atijw

ImgvN-bn-√msX Du¿t«-an¬ hnip≤ am¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ccn-

°p∂p.''

A‘-\mbn am¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ign™phcsh ae-¶c

k`sb Xmdp-am-dm-°n-b-Xns‚ ]›m-Øm]w B ioa- _mh A\p-`-

hn-®n-cn-°ptam? h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb AIm-c-W-ambn apS°n B

alm-flm-hns\ ZpxJn-∏n-®-Xns‚ a\-m-£n-°pØv B alm-]p-tcm-ln-

X\v D≠m-bn-°m-Wptam?

151B\-∏m∏n

h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°nb I¬]-\-bn¬ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-

b¿°okv _mhm Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cp∂ Hcp Imcyw ""ssI hn-d-b¬ D≈-

Xp-sIm-≠v ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤ k`-bn¬ Hcp ta¬]-´-°m-c-\m-bn-cn-

°m≥ \nßƒ tbmKy-\√'' F∂m-Wv. apS°p I¬]\ Cßs\ XpS-

cp-∂p. ""amX-a√ ]´-Xz-Øn-\p-t]mepw \nßƒ tbmKy-\-√. D∂-X-amb

ta¬]-´-ÿm-\Øp \n∂p Rm≥ \nßsf apS-°p-I-bpw, X≈p-I-bpw,

Dcn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu I¬]\ In´p∂ \mgnI apX¬

ta¬]- -°m-c-t\m, IØ-\mtcm Bbn-cn-∏m\pw B ÿm\-ßƒ°-SpØ

bmsXmcp ]hr-Ønbpw sNøm\pw \nßƒ°v A[n-Im-chpw, A\p-

hm-Z-hp-an-√. \nßƒ ta¬]-´-°m-c-t\m, IØ-\mtcm A√. ta¬∏-´-°m-

cp-tS-bpw, IØ-\m-c-∑m-cp-tSbpw Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂v Rm≥ \nßsf X≈n-

bn-cn-°p∂p.'' Cßs\ t]mIp∂p Ip]-kn-≤-amb B apS°p I¬]-

\-bnse im]-]-Zm-h-en-Iƒ!

ssIhn-d-b¬ sIm≠v ta¬]-´-ÿm\w t]mIp-sa-¶n¬ c≠p IÆpw

ImWmsX a¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ Ccn-∏mb A_vZp≈m ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ ]´-Xz-Øn\v F¥p kw`-hn®p ImWpw F∂v kwi-bn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. ""\o Af-°p∂ Af-hn¬ \n\°v Af∂p In´pw''

F∂ hmIyw At±-l-Øn\v icn°pw ên-®p.

A_v-Zp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv 1915 \hw-_¿ 25-˛\v A¥-cn-®p. sbdp-

i-te-anse hnip≤ a¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬ I_-d-S-°n. ]mXn-b¿-

°okpam¿ Imew sNbvXm¬ I_-d-S°n h∂n-cp∂ Ip¿°pam Zb-dm-

bn¬ BdSn aÆv At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂p aSßn

At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ aln-a-tb-dnb knwlm-k-\-Øn¬

ho≠pw Ccn-°m\pw ssZhw-X-ºp-cm≥ At±-lsØ A\p-h-Zn-®n-√.

AtXkabw A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v Ah-

km\ImeØv knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂v `cn-°m-\pw, Ip¿°pam Zb-

dm-bn¬ Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]tXmkv XrXo-b≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-

kns\ I_-d-S-°nb CS-Øp-Xs∂ A¥y-hn-iaw sIm≈m\pw ssZhw

kwK-Xn-bm-°n.

152 B\-∏m∏n

h -t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS BI-a-WsØ XSp-°p-

hm≥ ssZhw \ntbm-Kn-®Xv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

[oc\pw, _p≤n-am-\pw, Akm-am\y Ign-hp-I-fpsS tIZm-chpw ]Xn-`m-

im-en-bp-am-bn-cp∂p h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv. ae-

¶c k`m-N-cnXw BsI X∏n-bm¬ At±-l-Øn\p ka-\mbn H∂mw

am¿tØmΩm amXta ImWp-I-bp≈p. tdmam \pIsØ Iq\≥Ip-cnip

kXyw hgn hen-s®-dn™ B [oc-]p-cp-j≥ t]m¿´p-Kokv ]S-bm-fn-I-

fpsS IÆp-sh-ń®v Poh≥ ]W-b-s∏-SpØn Xs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Isf

kXy-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ Dd-∏n®p\n¿Øm≥ ae-¶-c- H- p°v HmSn-\-S-∂p. h -

t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw kz¥w Poh≥ ]W-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv k`-bpsS

kzmX¥yw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm≥ PmK-cq-I-\mbn h¿Øn-®-Xv. H∂mw

am¿tØm-Ωm-sb-t∏mse ac-WsØ apJm-apJw I≠v acWw hgp-Xn-

t∏m∂ kµ¿ -ßfpw D≠m-bn- p-≠v. AsX√mw Fgp-XnØo¿°m≥ iX-

°-W-°n\v t]Pp-Iƒ Xs∂ th≠n- h-cpw.

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv _mh ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw, saXm-∑m-

cn¬ \n∂pw, saXm≥ ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p

ae-¶ck`-ta¬ euInI ]c-am-[n-Imcw Ds≠∂p kΩ-Xn-°p∂ DS-

º-SnIƒ hmßm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n B \S-]-

Snsb FXn¿Øp. ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-¥yw ASn-bd shbv°p∂

DS-ºSn sImSp-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Hcp-°-a-s√∂v At±lw Xpd∂p ]d-™p.

DS-ºSn X∂n-s√-¶n¬ apS-°p-sa∂v ]mXn-b¿°okv òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

""apS-°n-bm¬ AXv Hcp kz¿Æ-ame t]mse [cn°pw'' F∂v h´-t»-

cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Xncn-®-Sn-®p.

apS-°p-sIm≠v k`bv°v samØ-Øn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ \miw ap≥Iqń

Adn-bm≥ ]mSn-√mØ Bfm-bn-cp-∂n√ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n. apS°v Hgn-

hm-°p-hm≥ Xncp-ta\n ]c-am-h[n ian-®p. Zhym-K-ln-bmb ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn\v ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS kº-Øn-t∑¬ Bbn-cp∂p IÆv. P\-

ßƒ IjvS-s∏-Sp∂tXm, Ah¿ hnizmkw \jvS-s∏´v k`- hn´p t]mIp-

∂-tXm, ae-¶ck` \in-°p-∂tXm At±-l-Øn\v ]iv\-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

26 sIm√w cn® h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v hfsc sIm√-ßƒ tImS-

Xn-bpw, tIkp-sI-´p-ambn Ign-tb≠n h∂p. ""hyh-lmcw Hgn-™n-cn-

°p-∂Xv ]pcp-j\v am\w'' F∂ thZ-hm-Iy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ Adn-bmØ

Bf√ Xncp-ta-\n. hyh-lmcw At±-l-Øns‚ ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. k`bpw, kap-Zm-bhpw Nne `mcn® Npa-X-e-Iƒ ae-¶c

153B\-∏m∏n

saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb G¬]n-®n-cp-∂p. tIkv

t]Sn®v AXn¬\n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dp-∂Xv a\p-jy-cpsS apºmsIbpw ssZh-

Øns‚ Xncp-ap-ºm-sIbpw IrXy-hn-tem-]-ambn IW-°m-°p-at√m F∂-

Xns‚ t]cn¬ At±lw tIkp-Ifn¬ hmZn-bmbpw, ]Xn-bmbpw Dƒs∏-

´p-t]m-hp-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. A√msX kz¥w am\-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øm≥

tIkn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®-X-√.

tIkv k`bv°v ISpØ tZmjw sNbvXp-sh∂v Hm¿Øv At±lw

ZpxJn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ k`bv°p h∂ \miw

Hm¿Øv Xncp-ta\n s\Sp-ho¿∏n´p Ic-bpw. At±-l-Øns‚ A∂sØ

k¥-X- k-l-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Kokv (]n-∂oSv _Y-

\n-bpsS am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) Fgp-Xnb "Kncn-Zo-]'-Øn¬ ""saXm-t∏m-

eo-Øm-bpsS Aip-[mc'' F∂ Xe-s°-ń¬ GXm\pw t]Pp-Iƒ

Xs∂ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv k` ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v

]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°v IpXn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \nc-h[n ]≈n-Iƒ B Ime-

L-´-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. Ccp-\q-‰ºtXmfw kvIqfp-Iƒ k`-bn¬

DS-\ofw XpS-ßn. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n Ah-bvs°√mw k¿°m-

cn¬ \n∂pw Km‚ v hmßn-bn-cp-∂p. hń-∏-W-t°kv XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS

k -bpsS ]ptcm-KXn \ne-®p. ]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta\n IjvS-s∏´v XpS-

ßnb kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]eXpw \n¿Ø-em-°p-Ibpw Nne-sX√mw Kh-

s◊‚n-te°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. sIm®n cmPyØv Hcp \q‰m-

≠n\v apºp-Xs∂ Ip∂w-Ip-fØv am¿ Ct·-jykv sslkvIqƒ

\SØn h∂n-cp-∂p. A∂v sIm®n-cm-PyØv BsI \mtem At©m

sslkvIq-fp-Itf D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. k` c≠p I£n-bmbn ]ncn™v

tIkv XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ am¿ Ct·-jykv sslkvIqƒ \S-Øm≥ hnj-

a-am-bn. HSp-hn¬ Kh-s◊‚n-te°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. \√ \ne-bn¬ ]kn-

≤o-I-cn®p h∂n-cp∂ CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-cWw \n¿Øn.

]e ]≈n-Ifpw I£n-h-g-°p- aqew AS-®p-]qń C´v tNm¿∂v Hen®v

\in-®p. k`-bpsS kzØp-°ƒ ]eXpw A\ym-[o-\-Øn-em-bn. ]≈n-

hI ImW- q-an-Iƒ hg-°p-aqew P∑n-tbmSv ]pXp-°n-®m¿Øn hmßmsX

]eXpw \jvS-s∏-´p. CXn-s\√mw aqe-Im-cWw A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿-

°o-kns‚ ae-¶-c-k`mhncp≤ ]hr-Øn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-tZ-in-bmb

]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v ae-¶-c-k-`-bpsS a°ƒ ChnsS InS∂v XΩn-e-Sn®v

\in-°p-∂-Xn¬ H∂pw \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]≈n ]Wn-

bmt\m, tIkv \S-Ømt\m ]Øv ss]k At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ \n∂v

Ctßm´v sIm≠p-h∂ NcnXw C√. t\scadn®v ae-¶-cbn¬ \n∂pw

154 B\-∏m∏n

At¥ym-Jy-bn-te-s°∂pw ]d™v ioa-_m-hm-am¿ IS-Øn-s°m-≠p-

t]mb kzØn\v ssIbpw IW-°p-an-√. ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v sIm≠p-

h∂ ]WwsIm≠v hmßn-b-sX∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ap¥n-cn-tØm´w hsc

Xp¿°n-cm-Py-Øp-≠v. Chn-sS-\n∂pw t]mbn- p-≈-h¿ AXp I≠n- p-ap≠v.

ioa-cm-PysØ Hcp At¥ym-Jy≥ ]≈n-bnepw ae-¶ck`sb]Xn

tIkpw, hg-°pw, ASn-]n-Sn-bpw, Bsf X√n-s°m-√epw Ct∂-hsc D≠m-

bn-ń-√. ""...- A-t¥ym-Jymsb ad-°n√'' F∂v B¿Øv A´-l-kn-®p-

sIm≠v ae-¶-c-k- -bpsS ]≈n-I-fn-emWv ASnbpw, tIkpw, _l-fhpw.

k`-bv°pw, kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw th≠n \√ Imcy-ßƒ ]eXpw

sNbvXpXo¿°m≥ Ignhpw, tijnbpw, _p≤nbpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ h´-

t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Ønse \√ \mfp-Iƒ apS-°pw tIkpw-

sIm≠v \in-∏n-®p. ]eXpw sNøp-hm≥ IjvS-∏m-Sns‚ \mfp-I-fnepw

At±lw ian-°mXncp∂n-ń-√. Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIqƒ Hcp

C‚¿ao-Un-b‰v tImf-Pm°n Db¿Øp-hm≥ At±lw Bflm¿∞-ambn

ian-®p. ""am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv skan-\m-cnsb c≠mw-tKUv tImfPv

B°-W-sa∂v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ Btem-Nn®p hcp-∂-Xmbn Adn-bp∂p''

F∂v CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bn¬ hm¿Ø h∂n-cp-∂p. ]t£, ]Xn-Iqe kml-

N-cy-ß-fm¬ AsXm∂pw ê-]-Z-am-bn-√. CS-h-I-∏-Xn-I-bn¬ h∂

hm¿Ø Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v ""tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ CXn-\Iw H´-t\Iw tImf-

Pp-Iƒ ÿm]n-X-am-bn´pw Fw.Un. skan-\m-cnsb Hcp tImf-Pm°n

Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v 55 h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv \S∂ Btem-N\ CtX-hsc

ê-]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-bn-ń√'' F∂v 1957-˛¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® B¿®v

_nj∏v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ Poh-N-cnXw H∂mw hmeyw t]Pv

79-˛¬ KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb ^mZ¿ tXmakv C©-°-temSn kz¬]w ]cn-

lm-k-tØmsS Fgp-Xp-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. Ahn-sS-\n∂v Ggp- h¿jw

Ign™v 1964- ¬ BWt√m ]n∂oSv Fw.Un. skan-\mcn tImºu-≠n¬

_tk-en-tbmkv tImfPv Db¿∂-Xv.

1908 apX¬ 1934 hscbp≈ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS `c-W-Im-e-

L´w h√mØ Zp¿LSw ]nSn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Xobn¬ IqSn \S-∂-Xpw,

Xo Xn∂p-am-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta\n Zn\-cm-X-ßƒ X≈n-\o-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

`mcn® tIkv sNehv \S-Øm≥ ssIbn¬ ]W-an-√msX Nne-cpsS

]°¬\n∂v t]man-kdn t\m v Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØv ]Ww hmßn-b-Xmbn

Adn-bmw. Hgp-°n-s\-Xn-sc-bmWv Xncp-ta-\n°v \ot¥≠n h∂-Xv. Akm-

am\y a\x-i-‡n-bp-≈-h¿t° B hnj-a-L-´-Øn¬ Xf-cmsX ]nSn-®p-

\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. FÆn-bm¬ HSp-ßmØ ]Xn-k-‘n-

I-tfbpw ]Xn-_-‘-ß-tfbpw At±lw t\cn-´p. Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂n-cp-

155B\-∏m∏n

∂-h¿ Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Imep-hm-cm≥ ian-®p. _Y-\n-bp-tSbpw

am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-s‚bpw Iq -cp-sSbpw k - hn- p≈ t]m°v ISpØ

BLm-X-amWv At±-l-Øn\v hcp-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp klm-bn-bm-Ip-sa∂p

IcpXn t]m‰n-∏p-e¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂ _Y\n saXm≥ Ipe-tZm-ln-

bmbn amdn. hniz-kn®v G¬∏n® k`- hI kvIqfp-Ifpw sIm≠mWv

At±lw k`- hn´v tdmΩm ]mf-b-Øn-te°v t]mb-Xv. B IpXn-Im¬-

sh´pw, h©-\bpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n AXn-Po-hn-®p. sshX-c-Wn-

Iƒ Hmtcm-∂mbn hcp-tºmgpw AXn-s\-sb√mw adn-I-S-°m-\p≈

A]q¿∆ Ignhv At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

hoc-cm-Lh Aø-¶mcpsS hn[n-tbmsS XI¿∂v Xcn-∏-W-ambn F∂v

kI-ecpw Icp-Xnb kµ¿`-Øn¬ XnI®pw temehpw B›-cy-I-chpw,

Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-hp-amb dnhn-j≥ F∂ \q¬∏m-e-Øn¬ IqSn \S∂v

At±lw hnP-b-io-em-fn-X-\m-bn. Xncp-ta-\nsb tIkp-sIm≠v ap´p-

Ip-Øn-°p-hm≥ FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ ]Tn-®-]Wn ]Xn-s\´pw t\m°n-bn´pw

kIe tIkpw HSp-hn¬ Nne-¥n-he IWs° Xń-am‰n At±lw hnP-

b-t`cn apg-°n. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS D∂-X-]-Z-hn-bn¬ \n∂v

Xncp-ta-\nsb X≈n-ho-gvØm≥ Ad_n _p≤n-am-∑m-cpw, \mS≥ _p≤n-

am-∑mcpw Iq´mbn ian-®n´pw AsXm∂pw hnP-bn-®n-√. HSp°w a√-∏≈n

Xncp-ta-\n-s°-Xn-cm-bn-´p-≈ kIe tIkpw s]mfn™v ]mfo-km-b-

t∏mƒ hń-∏-W-Øns‚ ]en-i-sb-¶nepw At±lw hmßp-∂Xp XS™v

apJw c£n-°m≥ At¥ymJym ]Xn-\n[n F∂ t]cn¬ ChnsS Hcp

Ipń∏mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-t∏mse Ign-™p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂ bqen-tbmkv

saXm≥ Hcp kkvs]≥j≥ tIkv Xncp-ta-\n-s°-Xnsc sImSp-Øp.

bqen-tbmkv saXm≥, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ bmsXmcp

Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-chpw ]tbm-Kn-®p-IqSm F∂pw a‰p-am-bn-cp∂p A\ym-

b-Ønse At]-£. ]mXn-b¿°okv t\cn´v apS-°n-bn´v ên-°mØ

Imcy-Øn-\mWv injy≥ ]cn-i-an-®-Xv. Al-¶m-c-sat∂m [n°m-c-

sat∂m F¥mWv Cu ]hr-Ønsb hnfn-t°-≠-sX∂v Adn-bn-√.

CUv. Fw. ]mtdńs‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ knwl-Øn-s\-Xnsc

Hcp Nps≠en aoi ]ncn®v sN∂p. IΩo-j≥ ]Sn sIń-sh-bv°m≥

Ign-bmsX At\-I-X-hW \oń-sh®v B tIkpw tImSXn X≈n.

Aßs\ Cfn-`y-\mbn B hntZin saXm≥ ae-¶ck`m -`m-kp-c-t\mSv

ASn-b-dhv ]d-™p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS aln-a-tb-dnb

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂v h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n `cWw \S-Øn. ae-

¶-c-k-`-bpsS ImtXm-en-t°-‰pw, k`m c-W-L-S-\bpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta-\n-bpsS imiz-X-t\-´-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

156 B\-∏m∏n

bmsXmcp A√epw C√msX `mKy-hm-\mbn At±lw Ah-km-\-

Imew Nne-h-gn-®p. tcmKn-bmbn InS∂v IjvS-s∏-Sp-hm-t\m, a‰p hnj-a-

ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°mt\m ssZhw-X-ºp-cm≥ At±-l-Øn\v CS-h-cp-Øn-

bn-√. Fgp-]ØnBdmw hb-n¬ B I¿Ω-[o-c≥ ]h¿Ø\\nc-X-

\mbn Ign-bp-tºmƒ Xs∂ shdpw c≠p-Zn-h-ksØ AkpJw aqew

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v 1934 s^_p-hcn 23-˛mw XobXn Imew

sNbvXp. ]gbskan-\m-cn- Nm∏-en¬ I_-d-S-°n.

""temImw-_-X≥ amdnse ame-bn¬ \n˛

∂pXn¿∂p hmcp-s‰m-c-aqey cXv\w

\oemw-_-c-Øn-¶-ep-Zn-®p-Xn¿∂

s]m≥Xm-cIw l¥! s]men-™p-t]mbn.''

tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬]m≥

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-eØv ae-¶ck`m sshZn-

I-SÃn tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a¬∏m-\pw, Aflmb SÃn A°c

kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n \ho-I-c-W-

°m-cp-am-bp≈ hyh-lmcw Pbn®v AXp-ey-]- m-h-tØmsS am¿tØmΩm

«olm-bpsS ]uckvXy knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-

bmbn hmgp∂ ImeØv Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv adpØv ]d-bm-t\m, FXn¿Øv

kwkm-cn-°mt\m k`-bn¬ Bcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. k`-bv°p-th≠n

h√mØ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ A\p- -hn® Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv kI-e¿°pw _lp-

am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. sshZn-I-S-Ãn-°pw, Aflmb SÃn°pw ]pen-t°m-ń¬

Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn ]mbw-sIm≠v henb A¥-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hµy

htbm-[n-I-\mb ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]nXr-Xp-ey-amb

kvt\ltØmSpw, _lp-am-\-tØm-Spw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS s]cp-

am-‰w. ta¬∏- -°m-tcmSpw, sshZn-I-tcm-Spw, k`mw-K-ß-tfmSpw ]pen-t°m-

ń¬ Xncp-ta\n hfsc \b-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw s]cp-am-dn. AXp-

sIm≠v B¿°pw ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSv \ockw D≠m-bn√.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb henb Xncp-ta\n F∂mWv k¿∆cpw

_lp-am-\-]q¿∆w hnfn-®n-cp-∂Xv. henb Xncp-ta\n F¥p -]-d-bpt∂m

AXn\v "tbkv' ]d-bp∂ ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-

ImeØv k`-bn¬ \ne-hn¬ Ccp-∂-Xv. sshZn-I-S-Ãn-°pw, Aflmb

SÃn°pw D≠m-bn-cp∂ A[n-Imc Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Ah¿ ]tbm-Kn-®n-

cp-∂n-√. F√mw henb Xncp-ta-\n°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ k`-

bpsS N -°q- nse Ae-¶mc ]Zhn hln-°p∂ ÿm\n-I-fmbn Ign™p

h∂p.

157B\-∏m∏n

]gbskan-\m-cn-bnse _kvKmkm apdn-°v (\n-t£-]-apdn AYhm

JP\mhv) Hcp tIm¬Xmgpw, c≠v ]‰vXm-gp-am-bn-cp∂p D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv.

Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Xmt°m¬ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw a‰v c≠v

SÃn-amcpw IqSn kq£n-°-W-sa-∂mWv \nb-aw. tIm¬Xmgn-s‚bpw

]‰vXmgn-s‚bpw Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ amdn amdn SÃn-am-cpsS ssIhiw hcpw.

aq∂p Xmt°m-ep-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mte apdn-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd-°m≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. tIm\m´p a¬∏ms‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ Xmt°mepw, kn.

sP. Ipcys‚ ssIh-i-ap≈ Xmt°mepw Ah¿ henb Xncp-ta-\nsb

G¬∏n-®p. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ ssIhiw h®v

btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn®p t]m∂p. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbm-Sp≈

kvt\l-hpw, hnizm-khpw Imc-W-am-bn-cp∂p Xmt°m-ep-Iƒ Xncp-ta-

\nsb G¬]n-®-Xv. Cu Xmt°m-ep-I-fpsS kq£n-∏ns\ kw_-‘n®v

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw ]pXnb ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-

eo-Ømbpw SÃn-amcpw XΩn¬ henb X¿°-Øn\v CS-bm-bn.

Hcp-Ø-tcbpw apjn-∏n-°m-sXbpw AtX-k-abw Imcyw ssIhn-Sm-

sX-bpw, kwK-Xn-Iƒ D±n-jvS-ÿm-\Øv sIm≠p-sN∂v sI´p-∂-Xn\v

]pen-t°mń¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]tXyI kma¿∞yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Cebv°pw, ap≈n\pw tISp-h-cm-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]iv\-ßƒ

ssIImcyw sNbvXv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°pw. Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn-c- n-]mbw

]d-b-W-sa∂v a\-n¬ \ncq-]n®v sN∂-h¿ t]mepw Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn

kwkm-cn-°p-tºmƒ kz¥w A`n-]mbw ]d-bmsX Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A`n-

]m-b-Øn\v ]q¿Æ- k-Ω-X-am-sW∂v ]d™v ssIapØn Xncp-ap-ºn¬

\n∂p thKw ÿew Imen-bm-°m-dmWv ]Xn-hv. \b-Nm-Xpcyw

sIm≠mWv ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n CsX√mw km[n-®-Xv.

tIm\m´p a¬]m≥ hS-°p≈ sshZn-I-cp-sSbpw, P\-ß-fp-sSbpw

CS-bn¬ s]mXp-k-Ω-X\pw At\Iw sshZn-I-cpsS Kpcp-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n IØ-\m-cm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ tIm\m´p a¬∏m-\p-sam-

∂n®v ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-t\mSv tIm\m´p a¬]m\v D≈p-sIm≠v \oc-k-am-bn-

cp-∂p. h -t»-cn¬ a¬]ms\ saXm-\m-°-W-sa∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS ]pen-

t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n dºm-\m-°n.

tIm\m´v a¬∏m\v BZy- ]-´-hpw, IØ-\m¿ ]´hpw sImSp-ØXv

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta\n Bbn-cp-∂p. a¬∏m\v ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-

\n-tbmSv F¥p-amXw BZ-c-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F∂-Xn\v At±lw henb

saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v Ab® IØp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a\-n-em-°mw.

hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ lmP-cm-°nb Hcp IØns‚ hnhcw Xmsg sImSp-

°p-∂p.

158 B\-∏m∏n

tIm\m´p a¬∏ms‚ aI-fpsS `¿Ømhv tbml-∂m≥ siΩm-i≥

Fw.Un. skan-\mcn sslkvIq-fn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. A∂v ]n. ‰n. Koh¿-

Kokv IØ-\m-cm-bn-cp-∂p ]n≥kn-∏mƒ. tbml-∂m≥ siΩm-i\v saSn-

°p-te-j≥ ]co-£bv°v Ccn-°m≥ tbmKyX Cs√∂v Xocp-am-\n®v

]n≥kn-∏mƒ Ab-®n-√. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v a¬∏m≥ ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-

ta-\n°v Hcp ]cm-Xn-°Øv Ab-®p. B IØn¬ henb Xncp-ta-\nsb

a¬∏m≥ kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

""ae-bm-f-Øns‚ D∂-X\pw k¿∆-_-lp-am-\-tbm-Ky\pw BIp∂

Zoh-∂m-tkymkp tbmk^v saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmb Rß-fpsS ]nXm-

hns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-X-bp-sSbpw _lp-am-\-Øn-s‚bpw kvXpXy-tbm-Ky-amb

tijvT-X-bp-sSbpw hen-a-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn-te-°v...''

(h- n-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 169. a¬]ms‚ 1092 ao\w 14- mw XobXn

sNm∆m-gvN-bnse samgn)

]pen-t°m- n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-tijw kwK-Xn-I-sf√mw XInSw

adn-™p. ]n∂oSv h∂ ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw sIm SÃn-Ifpw

XΩn¬ ISpØ iXp-X-bn-em-bn. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb Hcp ]mTw

]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Aflmb SÃn-bpw, sshZnI SÃnbpw hgn-t\m°n Ccn-

°p-tºm-gmWv A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ BK-a-\w. AXv th≠-

hn-[-Øn¬ apX-se-Sp-°p-hm≥ sIm SÃn-Iƒ Bhp-∂Xv ian-®p.

AXns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-amWv k`-bn-ep-≠mb apS-°pw, hg-°pw, C∂pw

HSp-ßmØ tIkp-I-fpw.

Akm-am-\y -_p-≤n-am-\m-bn-cp∂ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn-cn-

Sp-hm≥ a‰p SÃn-Iƒ°v _p≤n-]-c-amb anIhv IΩn-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v

A°m-esØ kw`h]c-º-c-Iƒ kq£n®p \nco-£n-®m¬ a\-n-

em°mw. ÿntcm-’mlw, Imcy-\n¿∆-l-W-ti-jn, Iogvs∏-SmØ a\v

F∂nh-bpsS DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p kn. sP. Ipcy≥. F¶nepw h´-t»-cn¬

Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Ip∂ lna-]¿∆-X-Øn\p t\sc t`Zn®p Ib-dm≥

AsXm∂pw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-√. kz¥w ]Ww hmcn-t°mcn Nne-hn´v X\n-

®mWv At±lw k`m-tI-kp-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-sX∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]nXr-

hy-\mb Ipcy≥ ssd´¿°v amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw,

tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw ImeØv k`-bnepw kap-Zm-b-

Ønepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ al-\o-b-ÿm\w X\n°pw In´-W-sa∂v kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ Bflm¿∞-ambn BK-ln-®p. AXn-\mbn ]b-Xv\n-®p.

a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta\n AXv hI-sh-®p -sIm-Sp-Øn-√. F∂m¬ saXm®s\

Hcp ]mTw ]Tn-∏n-®n- p- Xs∂ Imcyw F∂ \ne-bn-embn Ipcys‚ \o°w.

159B\-∏m∏n

k`-bpw, Xs‚ kzØpw AXp-sIm≠v \in®p F∂-Xp -amXw an®w.

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv FXn¿°m≥ kn. sP. Ipcy\v Iq´mbn

tIm\m´v a¬∏ms\ Inń. ae-¶c saXm-t∏m-eoØm Xßsf hI-

shbv°p-∂n√ F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ c≠p-t]cpw Xpey- Zpx-Jn-X-cm-bn-cp∂p.

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v Pbv Pbv apg°n At±-lsØ ImtXm-

en-°m-bmbn hmgn®pIn´m≥ A_vtZZv ainlm ]mXn-b¿°o-kp-ambn

Fgp-Øp-IpØp \S-Ønb tIm\m´v a¬∏m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n

A[n-Im-c-ta-‰-tXmsS tπ‰v am‰n-h-®p. X\n-°v, aptº \oc-k-ap-≠m-bn-

cp∂ a√-∏≈n Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]Xn-Imcw sNøp-hm≥ kn. sP. Ipcys\

Iq´p-]n-Sn®v X¥-ßƒ sa\-bm≥ B ]ptcm-lnXhcy≥ Ipd-s®m-∂p-

a√ `Ko-cY ]bXv\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ _p≤n-cm-£-k-\mb

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apºn¬ tim`n-°p-hm-\p≈ Du¿÷w

ssZhw At±-l-Øn\v sImSp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. ""F\n°v Cw•ojv Adn-bm≥

]mSn-s√∂v'' a¬∏m≥ hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚ samgn-bn¬ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v

(1092 ao\w 14˛mw XobXn sNm∆m-gvNsØ samgn). ""tdmb¬ tIm¿´v

hn[n-bpsS ae-bmfw X¿÷a hmbn-®n-´p-≠v. AXns‚ i‡n apgp-h≥

a\-n-em-°p-hm≥ F\n°v ]m]vXn t]mc'' F∂pw a¬∏m≥ samgn

sImSp-°p-∂p-≠v (h-ń-∏-W-t°kv samgn, t]Pv 170). k`sb kw_-

‘n-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep≈ hn[n-\ymbw t]mepw hmbn®p a\-n-em-

°m≥ Ign-hn-√mØ Bƒ hń-∏-W-t°-kp-t]m-se-bp-≈ Kl-\-hpw,

AXnk¶o¿Æ-hp-amb tIkv \S-Øp-hm≥ ap∂n´p \n∂m¬ F¥m-bn-

cn°pw ÿnXn? \nb-a-sØ-∏-‰nbpw, tIkv \S-Øn-∏n-s\-∏-‰nbpw

\s√mcp ]nSn-]m-Sn-√mØ hy‡n hyh-lm-c-Øn\v Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-´m¬

A]-lm-ky-\m-Ip-I-bm-bn-cn°pw êw. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv tIm\m´v

a¬∏m\pw kw`-hn-®-Xv.

hntZ-in-bmb ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v Chn-SpsØ \nb-a-ß-sf-∏-‰n-tbm,

apºp-≠m-bn-´p≈ tImS-Xn-hn-[n-I-sf-∏-‰ntbm henb ]nSn-]m-Sp-≠m-bn-

cn-°-bn-√. AXn-s\-°p-dn-s®√mw icn-bmb \nb-tam-]-tZiw sImSp-

t°≠ Npa-Xe a¬∏m-\pw, Ipcy\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AsXm∂pw Ah¿

Ah¿°p th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ sNbvX-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. saXm-t∏m-eo-

Øm-tbm-Sp≈ sshcmKyw Xo¿°p-hm≥ apºpw, ]nºpw t\m°msX

tIkn-te°v FSp-Øp-Nm-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. [rXn-]n-Sn-®m-bn-cp∂p

A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-s°m≠v apS-°p-I¬∏\ Cd-°n-®-Xv.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ]e A_-≤-ßfpw Imń. h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb

apS-°p∂ hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚ ]mcw-`-L´w apX¬ Hcp-]mSv a≠-Ø-c-

ßƒ a¬∏m\pw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw sNbvXp- Iq-ń. AsX√mw tIkn\v

160 B\-∏m∏n

tZmj-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]Ww hmcn hnXdn

Nne hnP-b-ßƒ X¬°m-e-tØ°v t\Sn-sb-¶nepw AsXm∂pw imiz-

X-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-√. ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKw hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ Zb-\o-

b-ambn ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚ Ah-km-\-hn[n ]kvXm-

hn-°p-tºm-tg°pw Ipcy-\pw a¬∏m\pw Ime-b-h-\n-I-°p-≈n¬ ad™p

Ign-™n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v tIkv tXm‰p-t]m-b-Xn¬ ZpxJn®v A¥y-Imew

Ign-®p-Iq-´m-\p≈ ZptcymKw Ah¿°v D≠m-bn-√. hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚

I£n-I-fn¬ ][m-\-ambn ]s¶-SpØ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v amXta

hnP-b-Øns‚ Ipfn¿a A\p-`-hn-∏m≥ CS-h-∂p-≈p. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-

b¿°okv _mhm-bpw, Ipcy-\pw, a¬∏m\pw Nm‰v o¬Uns‚ Ah-km\

dnhn-j≥ hn[n hcp-∂-Xn\p aptº A°c IS-∂p.

hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚ hnkvXm-c-th-f-bn¬ Hcp-]mSv \pW-Iƒ a¬]m\v

]d-tb-≠-Xmbn h∂p. AsX√mw tImSXn a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]pXp-∏≈n ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw, I≠-\mSv ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn\v DS-ºSn hmßn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ BZym-h-km-\-°m-c-\mbn

\n∂n-cp-∂Xv a¬∏m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. apS-°p-I¬∏\ Fgp-Xn-°m\pw tIm\m v

a¬∏m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ hew-ssI-bmbn ]h¿Øn-®p. AXn-s\-

°p-dn-s®√mw tImkv hnkvXm-c-Øn¬ tNmZy-ßƒ, ]oc-¶n-bn¬ \n∂v

D≠ hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse a¬∏m-\p-t\sc Nodnh∂-t∏mƒ a¬∏m≥ ]X-

dn-t∏m-bn. kz¥w ssI sIm≠v Fgp-Xnb tcJ-Iƒ Xms\-gp-Xn-b-X-

s√∂v ]d™v ssIsbm-gn-bm≥ hnkvXm-c-th-f-bn¬ B ]ptcm-ln-X≥

kml-k-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. B hI Ipcp-´p-hn-Zy-Iƒ ImcWw

tImS-Xn-bpsS AXr]vXn th≠p-thmfw hmßn-°q- n. PUvPn AsX√mw

t\m´v sNbvXv hn[n-bn¬ AXn-s\-°p-dn-s®√mw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v (ae-¶c \km-

Wn-Iƒ, \memw hmeyw, t]Pv 638): ""tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cmbn hń-∏-

W-t°-kn¬ samgn sImSp-Ø-Xp- aqew a¬]ms\ t\cn´v a\-n-em-

°p-hm≥ km[n® PUvPn Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈ At±-l-Øns‚ PUvPvsa‚n¬

""tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥'' F∂ Xe-s°´p sImSpØv Hcp JfinI Xs∂

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ \n∂v A¬]w amXw kwK-ln®p kzX-¥-

ambn ]cn-`mj sNbvXp tN¿°p∂p.

H∂mw ]Xnsb (Zo-h-∂m-tkym-kv) NoØ-bm-°m≥ A_vZp≈m

]mXn-b¿°okv sNbvX iaw hn^-e-am-bn. F¶nepw ae-¶ck`-bnse

as‰mcp ]ap-Jmw-K-amb tIm\m´p a¬]ms‚ Imcy-Øn¬ AXv k^-

e-am-Ip-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. "F¥p sNøm\pw aSn-bn-√m-Ø-h\pw,

t\¿s\-dn-b-‰-h-\pw, kZvhrØn teiw-t]mepw C√m-Ø-h\pw' F∂v

161B\-∏m∏n

At±-lsØ hmZn-`mKw h°o¬ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xns\ khy-k\w ]n≥-

Xm-ßp-∂-Xnt\ F\n°v \n¿∆m-l-ap-≈p. Aßs\ Hcp k¿ń-^n-°‰v

tImS-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw ae-¶c a¬]m≥ kºm-Zn-®p-h-®p.

Ign-™n-√. tImSXn XpS-cp-∂p. ""kn. sP. Ipcy-\p- tijw ]Xn-

`mKsØ ][m\ km£n-bmbn tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-b-t∏mƒ, Hcp

km£n°p D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ Zp¿Kp-W-ßƒ F√mwXs∂ ]Xy-£-

s∏-Sp-Øn. H∂mw-]XntbmSp≈ (h- -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sv) XocmØ

iXpX ]I-S-am-°n. kXy-k-‘Xmcmln-Xyw, IuSn-eyw, X¥-Øn-

ep≈ Hgn-™p-am-d¬, hnX-fi-hm-Zw, Hm¿Ω-°p-d-hp-s≠∂ \mSyw,

h°o-ens‚ tNmZy-ßƒ°v adp-]Sn icn°p sImSp-°msX Hgn-™p-

amdm≥ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ iaw Ch-sb√mw At±lw G‰w

tami-°m-c-\mb Hcp km£n BsW∂pw [m¿ΩnIaqey-ßƒ CjvSm-

\p-k-cWw hf-bv°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Bfm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

Cßs\ D≈ Hcmƒ AXn-tam-lnbpw, ]Xn-Im-c-_p-≤n-bpw, kqX-

imenbpw IqSn Bbm¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p hne-a-Xn-°m≥ hømØ

Hcp _‘phpw At±-l-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-sØtbm, AXym-K-l-sØtbm

XS--s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm, At±lw iXp-hmbn FÆp-Itbm sNøp-∂-

h¿°v AXym-]¬°m-cnbpw Bbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂-XmWv. A©mw ]Xn

(a¬∏m≥) CsXm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. amXr-k` A]-I-S-Øn-em-Ip-sa∂v

Adn-™p-sIm≠v hy‡n-]-c-am-bp-≠mb iXp-X -aqew sshc-\n-cym-X-

\-tam-l-Øm¬ At±lw ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-t\mSv tN¿∂p. AXv ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw sIm≠-√. ^mZ¿ ]n. ‰n. Koh¿Ko-kn-

t\mSpw, Zoh-∂m-tkym-kn-t\mSpw D≠m-bn-cp∂ iXpX Imc-W-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Cu tIknse sXfn-hp-Iƒ CXp hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.'' Aßs\

t]mIp∂p tIm\m v a¬∏m-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ tImS-Xn-bpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ.

]mXn-b¿°okv, saXms\ apS°n-°-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂ tImS-Xnbpw

AXn¬ CS-s]-Sp-I-bn-s√t∂m at‰m Bbn-cp∂p a¬]ms‚ hnizmkw!

""Rm≥ X∂Xv Rm≥ \n∂n¬ \n∂v FSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p'' F∂m-Wt√m

a¬∏m≥ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn-s\-s°m≠v apS-°p-I¬∏-\-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-®Xv.

F∂m¬ kwKXnIsfm∂pw a¬∏ms‚ IW-°p-Iq-´¬ t]mse \S-

∂n-√.

hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v UnkvSnIvSv tIm¿ń¬

\n∂p≠mb XI¿∏≥ hnPbw tIm\m v a¬∏ms\ A£cm¿∞-Øn¬

Xf¿Øn. BZy- tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ Xs∂ tXm‰p-t]m-Ip-sa∂v a¬∏m≥

kz]vt\]n Icp-Xn-bn-cn-°n-√. sNbvX-sX√mw A_-≤-am-bn-t∏m-sb∂

ho≠p-hn-Nmcw AtXmsS At±-lsØ th -bm-Sm≥ XpS-ßn. k -bnse

162 B\-∏m∏n

]≈n-I-fn¬ ASn-bpw, _l-fhpw a‰pw \S-°p-∂-Xn¬ X\n°pw Hcp

]¶p-≠t√m F∂v Hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ At±lw ]›m-Øm]hnh-i-\m-bn.

`qXsØ IpS-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpd-∂p-hn-´-t]mse apS°pI¬]\ Cd°n

k`-bn¬ Ie-l-Øns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m sNbvX-sX∂v

At±-l-Øn\p tXm∂n. B kq∏¿ sskt¢m¨ Ae-dn-s°m≠v ae-

¶-cbn¬ kwlm-c-Xm-fi-h-am-Sp-∂-Xns‚ sRń-°p∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ Znh-

khpw ]mºm-°pS h∂-e-®n-cp-∂p. C\n FX ian-®mepw Xncn-s®-Sp-

°m≥ ]‰mØ hnUvVn-Ø-amWv sNbvX-sX∂ hnNmcw a¬]ms‚

a\-ns\ aYn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa UnkvSnIvSv tIm¿ v

hn[n-]-Imcw FXn¿I-£n°v tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-°m≥ a¬]m\pw

_m≤y-ÿ-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hen-sbmcp XpI tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-t°≠n

hcp-at√m Ft∂m¿Ø-t∏mƒ tIkn\v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®Xp-Xs∂ A_-

≤-ambn F∂v tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßn. CXn-\Iw ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhm

ae-¶-c-bn¬ \n∂v Inńb XpI-bpw-sIm≠v ÿewhnń-cp-∂p. ]mXn-

b¿°o-kn\v A[n-Imcw ÿm]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ap≥Km-an-Iƒ kºm-

Zn® [mcmfw ]Ww hmcn sNe-hn´v ChnsS tIkv \S-Øn-bmepw ]Øp-

ss]k tIkns‚ sNe-hn\v At¥ymJymbn¬ \n∂v Inń-√. Ip¥n-cn-

°-∏pI Xń Xs‚ ]q¿∆n-I¿ kºm-Zn® ]W-Øn¬ \n∂pw sImSp-

t°≠ KXn-tISv Btem-Nn-®-t∏mƒ a¬∏m≥ ]cn-£o-W-\m-bn.

A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX At±lw tcmKn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. UnkvSnIvSv

tIm¿ń¬ tXm‰m¬ sslt°m¿ń¬ A∏o¬ t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nhr-

Øn-bn-√-t√m. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ AXn-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n¬ Bbn-cp∂p.

Ahn-sSbpw tXm‰m¬ tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy ]ns∂bpw IqSn-t∏m-Ipw.

Hcp oa-amb XpI HSp-hn¬ AS-bvt°-≠-Xmbn hcp-at√m F∂v Hm¿Øv

a¬∏m≥ Akz-ÿ-\m-bn. ka-cn-t°kv apX¬ hń-∏-W-t°-kp- hsc

\nc-h[n tIkp-Iƒ kz¥w ssIbn¬\n∂p ]W-sa-SpØv \S-Øn kn.

sP. Ipcy\pw Hcp-hn[w sXm≠m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. F∂mepw

[mSn°pw, tamSn°pw lm\n kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ig-ºn-√mØ hodpw,

hminbpw H´pwIpd-bmsX Xs∂ ImØp-kq-£n®p. ]mXn-b¿°okv

`mKØv \n¬°p∂p F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ ]≈n-I-tfm, At¥ymJym

]Xn-\n-[ntbm Hcp ss]k -t]mepw [\-k-lmbw sNøm≥ apt∂m´p

h∂n-√. ss]kbpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

tIkpw hg°pw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v k`-bn¬ kam-[m\w D≠m-°p-I-

bmWv F√m-Øn\pw t]mwhgn F∂v a¬∏m\v HSp°w tXm∂n-Øp-

Sßn. AXn-\mbn At±lw Ah-km-\-Im-eØv iaw XpS-ßn. kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ At∏m-tg°pw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ a¬∏m\v ss[cy-

163B\-∏m∏n

ambn kam-[m\ N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øm-sa-∂m-bn. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hf-sc-

b-[nIw ]Ww tIkn\v Xpe-®n-cp-∂p. Ipcys‚ hminbpw ]Xn-Im-c-

hm-RvObpw Bfn-°Øn \n¬°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-sa∂pw

]d-™v Ipcys\ kao-]n-°m≥ a¬]m\v `b-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂p-thWw

Icp-Xm≥. ""_kvKm-km -apdn ]qń Xmt°mep sIm≠phm. F∂n- mhmw

kam-[m\ N¿®'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p apsº√mw kam-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v

kwkm-cn-°m≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n Ab-®n-cp∂ am\y-∑m-tcmSv

Ipcy≥ tIm]m-Ip-e-\mbn ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.

1102 Ipw`w 2˛mw XobXn Bep-hm-bn¬ tIm\m´p a¬]ms‚ A≤y-

£-X-bn¬ Hcp tbmKw IqSn k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn-\mbn Ccp-`m-K-Øp-

\n∂pw Ipd-®p-t]sc sXc-s™-SpØv Hcp sU]yq-t´-j-\mbn ]mXn-

b¿°o-kns‚ ASp-tØbv°v Ab-bv°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. F∂m¬

]mXn-b¿°o-kns‚ XWpØ ]Xn-I-cWw ImcWw sU]yq-t´-js\

Ab-®n-√. tIm\m´p a¬∏m≥ Znhw-K-X-\m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ GXm\pw amkw

apºmWv Bep-hm-tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-ń-b-Xv. k`m-k-am-[m\w D≠m-bn-

°m-Wm≥ X\n°v tbmK-ap-≠m-hn-s√∂v a¬∏m\v AtXmsS tXm∂n-

bn-cn-°mw. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX At±lw InS-∏n-em-bn.

kpJ-t°Sv IqSp-X-embn iøm-h-ew-_n-bm-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta\nsb t\cn¬I≠v kwkm-cn®v Ign-™p-t]m-b-sX√mw ad-°-W-

sa-∂pw, £an-°-W-sa∂pw DW¿Øn-∏m≥ a¬∏ms‚ lrZbw shºn.

AXn-\mbn a¬∏ms‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ Ip™n-ss∏-en-tbmSv ]d™v h´-

t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v Hcp IØ-b-®p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n, Ign-™-

sX√mw £an®v hfsc kvt\l-]q¿∆w Ip™n-ss∏-en°v adp-]Sn Ab-

bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B adp-]-Sn-bn¬ ""At\ym-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ hntcm-

[-ßƒ kI-ehpw Xo¿∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv \ap-°pw,

At±-l-Øn\pw lrZ-b-k-am-[m-\-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv''

F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IØv XpS-cp-∂p:

""AXn-\m¬ \ap°v At±-l-Øns‚ t\sc bmsXmcp tZzjhpw hg°pw

Cs√-∂pw, D≠m-bn-cn-°m-hp∂ kI-ehpw Dt]-£n®p ssZh-Xn-cp-\m-a-

Øn¬ \mw £an-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw At±-l-tØmSv ]d-™p-sIm-

≈-Ww. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb ssZhw Rßƒ Ccp-h-tcmSpw, Rß-fpsS

Ip‰-ß-sfbpw Ipd-hp-I-sfbpw £an-°p-∂-Xn\pw _e-lo-\-\mb \mw

Xt∂mSv ]m¿∞n-°p∂p.''

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns\ ImWm≥ a¬]m≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p.

At±lw tcmK-i-ø-bn¬ BWv. saXm-t∏m-eoØm Atßm´v sN∂v

I≠m¬ sIm≈mw, kap-Zm-b-Ønse Iem-]-ßƒ a¬]m\v a\x-

164 B\-∏m∏n

]bmkw D≠m-°p-∂p F∂p ImWn®v Ip™n-ss∏en Hcp IØ-b-®n-

cp-∂p. AXns‚ adp-]-Sn-bmWv h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n apI-fn¬ ImWn-

®-t]mse Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. ]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ sh®v ka-cn-t°-kns‚

ImeØv _e-ambn sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ \n∂v \mfn-tIcw CSp-∂ Ah-

k-c-Øn¬ a¬∏ms‚ ]pdØv Nqc¬h-Sn-sIm-≠v ASn-t°-≠n- h-∂-

Xn¬ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ]›m-Øm]w tXm∂n-bn-cn-°-Ww. "Bh-

iy-an-√msX ASn hmßn®p' F∂v a¬∏m\pw Ipsd-I-gn-™-t∏mƒ a\-

n¬ tXm∂n-bn-cn-°mw.

a¬∏ms\ ImWp-∂-Xn\p h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n t]mIm≥ Xøm-

dmbn hcp-tºm-tg°pw a¬∏m≥ acn®p F∂ hnhcw Adn-™p. 1103

Xpemw 22-˛mw XobXnbnse h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ub-dn-°p-dn-

∏n¬ C]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-bXmbn ImWp-∂p: ""C∂v D®-I-gn™v ae-

¶c a¬∏m≥ tIm\m´v amØ≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m acn-®p-t]m-b-Xmbn

Adn-™p. a¬∏m\v \sΩ ImW-W-sa∂v At]-£n-®n-cp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v

\msf Ign™v hymgmgvN t]mIp-hm≥ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. acn®p

F∂p tI´-Xn-\m¬ t]mtI-s≠∂p Xocp-am-\n®p.''

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv sNbvX-Xpw, ]d-™Xpw Bb F√m

sX‰p-Iƒ°pw £a- tNm-Zn®v ]m]-tam-N\w t\Sn ssZh-Xn-cp-ap-ºmsI

sN√p-tºmƒ shSn-∏p-≈-h-\mbn lmP-cm-IWw F∂v hnNm-cn-®m-bn-

cn°mw a¬∏m≥ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ sh®v saXm-®s\ t\cn´v ImW-

W-sa∂v BK-ln-®-Xv. Cu temI-Øn¬ sh®v ]‰nb Id-I-sf-sb√mw

ambv®p-I-f™v a\x-k-am-[m-\-tØmsS acn-°-W-sa∂ a¬]ms‚

tamlw c≠p -Zn-hkw IqSn a¬∏m≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ k^-e-am-

Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

a¬]m≥ acn® XobXn k`m-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-emWv

ImWp-∂-Xv. kwibw Xo¿°m≥ a¬∏ms‚ sIm®p-a-I≥ ^mZ¿

tPm¨kv G_lmw tIm\m-ń-t\mSv Fgp-Xn-t®m-Zn-®p. 1927 \hw-_¿

8 BWv F∂v adp-]Sn Inń. ae-bmfw XobXn h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS Ub-dn-bn¬ ImWn® 1103 Xpemw 22 Xs∂.

hm¬°-jWw

a¬∏m≥ acn-®-tijw hń-∏-W-t°-kns‚ dnhn-j≥ s]‰o-js‚

hn[n No^vP-Ãokv Nm‰vô¬Uv AS-ßp∂ ^pƒs_©v ]kvXm-

hn®p. dnhn-j≥ A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm≠pw Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS UnkvSnIvSv

tIm¿´v hn[n A∏msS kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-am-bn-cp∂p hn[n. a¬∏m≥

`b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse tImS-Xn-s®-ehv sImSp-°m≥ a¬∏m\pw _m≤y-

165B\-∏m∏n

ÿ-\mbn h∂p. a¬∏m≥ A¥-cn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ho´p-Im¿°v

tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy sIń-shbv-t°≠ `mcw henb ]iv\-am-bn.

a¬∏ms‚ aI≥ (]n-∂oSv ae-¶c a¬∏m≥ tIm\m´v A_lmw IØ-

\m¿) A∂v hfsc sNdp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-

Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Iogn¬ kpdn-bm\n ]Tn-°p∂ Imew.

a¬]ms‚ kl-[¿ΩnWn aI-t\bpw Iqń h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb

]gbskan-\m-cn-bn¬ t]mbn I≠v tImS-Xn-s®-ehv kwJy Cf®v Xtc-

W-sa∂v IÆp-\o-tcm-Sp-IqSn At]-£n®p. hnime a\-kv°-\mb Xncp-

ta\n At]£ kzoI-cn®v Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n®v bmX-bm-°n.

…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv

At¥ymJym ]Xn-\n[n F∂ `mcn® ÿm\-\m-ahpw t]dn A∂v

\S-∂n-cp∂ hntZ-in-bmb …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv saXm≥ Xma-

kn-°m≥ CSw-t]mepw C√msX Ip∂w-Ip-fØv Nne Zbm-ep-°ƒ hmßn

s°mSpØ ]d-ºn¬ Hme- sh-®p-sIń ad-bp-≠m°n AXn-\p-≈n-em-bn-

cp∂p Ign™p h∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Ip∂w-Ipfw ]\-bv°¬ Xd-hm- nse alm-

a-\-kv°-bmb Hcp ho´Ω HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v Ign-°m-\p≈ Blmcw

Hcp the-°m-c≥ hiw Znh-khpw sImSp-Ø-b-®p -h-∂p. \mep- h¿j-

tØmfw B alXn sImSp-Ø-b® `£Ww Ign-®mWv At¥ymJym

]Xn-\n[n Pohn-®p-h-∂-Xv. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv I_-d-S-ßnb B¿Øm‰v

knwlm-k-\-∏-≈n-bn¬ \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cn-Xw 1971˛¬ ]kn-

≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. B Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ apI-fn¬ sImSpØ hnh-c-

ßƒ D≠v. Poh-N-cn-X-Ønse a‰p -Nne hnh-c-ßƒ Xmsg sImSp-

°p∂p (…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv, t]Pv 68): ChnsS At±-l-

Øn\v Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v (]-d-ºn¬) Hme-bpw, ]\ºpw sIm≠v ad®

Hcp sjUv D≠m-°n. ... Cu sN‰-∏p-c-sb-∏‰n At±lw ""CsXs‚

IqSm-Ip∂p'' F∂p ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\p

Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn I√p-sIm≠v Hcp sNdnb apdn ]Wn-Xp. Cu

apdn-sb-∏‰n ""CsXs‚ I_-dm-Ip∂p'' F∂v ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\

""Iqńepw'' ""I_-dn-ep-''ambn At±lw Ipsd-°mew Xma-kn-®p.

IqSmsX ae-bmfw ]Tn®v sNdnb hmN-I-ßƒ Ipń-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-t]mse

]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]mXn-b¿°okv `mKØv \n¬°p∂ ]≈n-Iƒ At¥ymJym ]Xn-

\n-[nsb B ImeØv H´pw klm-bn-®n√ F∂p-≈-XmWv G‰hpw hyk-

\-I-cw. Hcp XhW HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn\v sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fn¬

hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ sNm√m≥ ]mXn-b¿°okv `mKsØ ]≈n-°m¿°v

166 B\-∏m∏n

FgpXn Ab-s®-¶nepw Bcpw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn aptºm-´p-

h∂n√ F∂v ta¬∏-d™ Poh-N-cn-X-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ D≠v (t]Pv 84).

sb¬sZm s]cp-∂mfpw ASp-Øp. ""sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fn\v hnip≤

Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n-bn-s√-¶n¬ Rm≥ acn-®p-t]mIpw'' F∂p ]d™v

saXm-t∏m-eoØm Cd-ßn. Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v

Hcp A`-bm¿∞n-sb-t∏mse Ah-i-\mbn Ib-dn-s®∂ At±-lsØ

AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Zbm-]q¿∆w kzoI-cn®p th≠ kuI-

cy-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øp. sb¬sZm s]cp-∂m-fns‚ Ip¿∫m\

Ign™v apdn-bn¬ h∂ At±lw t_m[w sI´p-ho-Wp. AXbv°v

]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp∂p ]mXn-b¿°okv I£n-bpsS A∂sØ \ne.

Cu \nebv°v tIkv \S-Øn-∏n\v [\-k-lmbw In´p-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-

∏m≥ hI-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

kn. sP. Ipcy≥

IpSpw-_-h-imepw hy‡n-]-c-amb ]mK-¤y-Ømepw i‡\pw D∂-

X-hy-‡n-bp-am-bn-cp∂ tIm´bw A°sc kn. sP. Ipcy-s\-∏‰n 1993˛¬]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`mhn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:

""ae-¶ck`m Aflmb SÃn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-

]m-Z-Ønepw Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Z-Øn-ep-ambn ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-a≥ (k-`m-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A©m-a≥) h´-t»-cn¬ Koh¿Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkvF∂o saXm-t∏m-eo-Ø≥ SÃn-am-tcm-sSmØv Aflmb SÃn-bmbn]h¿Øn® Bƒ. A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okpw h´-t»-cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw XΩn¬ D≠mb hyh-lmc tImem-l-eßfn¬ ]mXn-

b¿°okv ]£Øv t\XrXzw \¬Inb Aflmb ]ap-J≥. cmjvSobXe-Ønepw kmaq-ly-X-e-Ønepw hfsc kzm[o-\hpw ]map-JyhpwD≠m-bn-cp∂p.''

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ eLp-Po-hN-cn-Xhpw At±lw B\-∏m∏n h[-Øn¬ hln® ]¶pw 1996-˛¬ kn. Sn. tPm¨ A°c ]pcm´p ]kn-≤o-

I-cn® ""A°c IpSpw_ Ncn-X''-Øn¬ \n∂v D≤-cn-°p-I-bmWv. HcpD∂X hy‡n-sb-∏‰n kz¥w IpSpw-_-Øn¬s]´-hcpw kap-∂-X-cmbka-Im-en-Icpw \¬Ip∂ hn`n∂ NnX-ß-fn¬ \n∂v _p≤nbpw hnZym-

`ym-khpw hnth-Ihpw D≈-h¿°v bYm¿∞ -NnXw a\-n-em-°m≥

]bm-k-ap-≠m-hn-√-t√m.

A°c IpSpw-_-N-cn-X-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-s\-∏‰n Cßs\ ]d-

167B\-∏m∏n

bp-∂p: A°c IpSpw-_-Ønse G‰hpw ][m\ hy‡n-bmb De-l-

∂-®s‚ Bä-°-fn¬ c≠m-asØ aI-\mb kn. sP. Ipcy≥ (A°c

sIm®q-™v) 1036 (1860)- ˛¬ P\n-®p. aqØ Bfmb A°c Ip™v

_nkn-\-nepw ho´p-Im-cy-Ønepw s]mXp-ta¬t\m´w Imcy-]m-]vXn-

tbmsS \S-Øn. kn. sP. Ipcy≥, Ipcy≥ ssd´-cpsS klm-bn-bmbn

sIm®n-bnepw Nmh-°m´pw Xma-kn®v Ahn-sS-bp≈ _nkn-\-ns‚

ta¬t\m´w \n¿∆-ln-®p. XpS¿∂v shtÃ¨ Ãm¿ ]X-Øns‚ \S-

Øn-∏n-epw, kap-Zmb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw s]mXp-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw

ssd -cpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn h¿Øn®v D∂X \ne-hmcw ssIh-cn-®p. ssd -

dpsS ac-W-ti-jhpw ioaqew cmPm-hp-am-bp≈ ssaXo-_‘w,

ioaqew Akwªn AwK-Xzw, tIm´bw ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bpsS cq]o-I-

c-W-]-[m-\n, AXns‚ BZysØ Ce-Iv‰Uv sNb¿am≥, kap-Zm-b-

SÃn, Ccp]-Øn-\m-em-bncw Imb¬ IpØn hn]p-e -Ir-jn-°m-c≥

XpSßn ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ IpSn¬sXm´v sIm´mcw hsc Adn-b-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ t\Snb

IpSpw_ -]-ikvXn \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ipcy\pw

km[n-®p. At±lw kpap-J\pw _p≤n-im-enbpw a\p-jy-tcmSv s]cp-am-

dp-hm≥ ]tXyI Ign-hp≈ Bfp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Nn‰-∏≥ Ipcy≥ ssd´-dpsS in£-W-Øn¬ kn. sP.

Ipcy\pw Ce-™n-°¬ C. sP. tPmWpw H∂n®v Cw•ojv kvIqfn¬

]Tn®p. kvIqƒ ss^\¬ hsc Bb-t∏mƒ ssd -dpsS \n¿t±-i-]Imcw

]TnØw \n¿Øn shfn-s®Æ hym]m-c-tØmSp _‘-s∏- p. Nmh-°ms´

sXßn≥tXm-∏ns‚ ta¬t\m-´sØ XpS¿∂p "shtÃ¨ Ãm¿' ]X-

Øns‚ amt\-P-cm-bn.

tPyjvT≥ A°c Ip™n\v 11 hb-p-≈-t∏mƒ F´v hb-p≈

s]Ïp-ńsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Ieym-Wm-tem-N-

\-Iƒ h∂p. ]pØ-\-ßmSn sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ sF∏v DXp∏v apXep

]nSn-°m-cs‚ c≠mw hnhm-l-Ønse aqØ aIƒ A°m-Ωsb

IeymWw Ign-®p. ]Xm-]-ap≈ c≠p IpSpw-_-Ønse hnhm-l-®-Sßv.

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]n∂oSv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xpw sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ Bbn-

cp-∂-t√m. A∂sØ ]i-kvX- Ip-Spw-_hpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. hmcn-°m´v

aqe-Ip-Spw_w BWv sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬. sF∏v DXp∏v apX¬]nSn-°m-

c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Cu tPmen°v henb Pmay-hy-hÿ h∂-t∏mƒ

At±lw cmPn- h-®p. Ct±lw BZyw sIń-bn-cp-∂Xv tXh-e-°c

sXßphnf-bn¬ sIm®p-Ω≥ PUvPn-bpsS aIƒ A∂-Ω-sb-bm-Wv.

Gen-bm-kv, DΩ≥, A∂mΩ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v Ipń-Iƒ D≠m-b-tijw

168 B\-∏m∏n

`mcy acn-®p. c≠m-aXv Xpº-a¨ ]pØ≥ho-ń¬ Aan-\m-Zm-cpsS aIƒ

B®n-b-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. AXn¬ c≠v s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ P\n®p.

aqØ-a-Iƒ A°m-Ωsb kn. sP. Ipcy≥ sIń. c≠mw aIƒ adn-bm-

Ωsb ]pXp-∏≈n Imt°m-fn¬ sIń-®p.

sF∏v DXp-∏ns‚ aI≥ sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ DΩ-®≥ Xd-hmSv Ah-

Im-in-bm-bn. ]n∂oSv X\n°pw ]nXm-hn\pw [mcmfw IS-_m-[yX D≠m-

b-Xn-\m¬ aqte-®-cn¬ ]nXm-hpw, aI≥ DΩ-®≥ I√q¿ ]pc-bn-S-Ønepw

Xma-k-am-°n. sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ ]pcbpw ]dºpw tee-Øn-em-bn. kn.

sP. Ipcys‚ AΩmbnA∏s‚ \n¿t±-i-tØmsS A°-c-°m¿ AXv

tee-Øn¬ ]nSn-®p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ AhnsS Xma-kn-®p. henb apX-

ep-]n-Sn-°m-c≥ ]Wn-bn-∏n® Cu sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ hoSp-t]mse XSn-

t°mfpw _e-ta-dn-bXpw hnNnX ]Wn-bp-≈-Xp-amb XSn-∏pc tIc-f-

Øn¬ Npcp-°-am-Wv. Xnc-s™-SpØ hnZKv≤ ]Wn-°m-sc-s°m≠v \√

XSn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Wn-bn-®-XmWv sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ ]pc.

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hnhm-l-tijw sIm®n-bnepw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-

am-bn-´m-bn-cp∂p Pohn-Xw. shtÃ¨ Ãm¿ ]X-Øns‚ Npa-Xe apgp-

h≥ h∂-t∏mƒ Xmakw A[n-Ihpw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øm-bn. Ipcy≥

ssd´¿ Bbneyw cmPm-hns‚ kplr-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu cmP-

IpSpw__‘w ioaqew cmPm-hns‚ ImeØv kn. sP. Ipcy\pw

XpS¿∂p. shtÃ¨ Ãm¿ ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-amWv Cu kplr-Xv_‘w

\ne-\n¿Øm≥ ][m-\-ambn klm-bn-®-Xv. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ioaqew

cmPm-hns\ IqsS-°qsS sN∂p -I≠v kwkm-cn-°Ww F∂Xv cmPm-

hns‚ \n¿t±-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipcys\ Ipsd-\mƒ I≠n-s√-¶n¬ Bsf-

hn´p Xnc-°pw. P\-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ P\-]-Xn-\n-[nbmb

Fw.F¬.F. amsc-t∏mse A√t√m A∂sØ P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ.

Hmtcm tZi-Øp-\n∂pw tZi-k-Ω-X-cmb Bƒ°msc ]Pm-k`m saº¿-

am-cmbn Kh-s◊‚ v t\man-t\‰v sNøpw. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ acn-°pw-hsc

tIm´bw ]Pm-k`m saº-dm-bn-cp-∂p. B ÿm\w D]-tbm-Kn®v tIm´bw

ap\nkn-∏m-en‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ][m\ ]¶p-hln®p.

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ioaqew cmPm-hp-am-bp≈ ssaXo-_‘w A∂-

sØ-°m-eØv hfsc hne-s∏- -Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm\n kap-Zm-b-Øns‚

SÃn-bmbn FXn-cn-√msX acn-°pw-hsc At±lw Bb-Xn-\m¬ A∂p-

¤-hn® hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ ][m\ I£n-bmbn ]h¿Øn-t°≠n

h∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ ImeØv hn]p-e-ambn s\¬Irjn \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn

Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw Imb¬ ]Xn-∏n-s®-SpØv hc-ºp-Iƒ D≠m°n

169B\-∏m∏n

Irjn \S-Øn. Imb¬ cmPm-hm-bn-Øo¿∂ kn. sP. Ipcy\v ioaqew

Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ kulrZw, Db¿∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS

taep≈ kzm[o\w F∂nh Hcp henb t\´-am-bn-cp-∂p.

k`m-h-g-°n¬ IpSpßn

kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tIm\m´v a¬]m\pw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-as‚ ImeØv k`m-S-Ãn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

henb saXm-®\p £oWhpw ]mb-hp-am-bn. ]n≥Kman BcmWv

Fs∂mcp Nn¥ At±lsØ Ae-ń. h´-t»-cn¬ a¬∏m≥ Imcy-ti-

jn-bp-≈-h\pw _p≤n-am-\p-am-Wv. AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h¿°v saXm≥-

]´w sImSp-°-cp-Xv F∂v Hcp amaq¬. AXp-sIm≠v IÆn\p XI-cmdv

(tIm-¶-Æv) D≈-Xn-\m¬ h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]ms\ saXm-\m-°p-hm≥ hS-

°¿°pw sX°¿°pw Hcp-t]mse FXn¿∏m-bn. ]ueqkv dºm≥

km[phpw Imcy-∏n-Sn-∏n-√mØ Bfpw. h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-t\mSv Xm¬]-

cy-°m-c\pw At±-l-Øns‚ Ign-hn-s\-∏‰n t_m[-hm-\p-am-bn-cp∂ kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ sX°pw hS-°pw-t]mbn FXn-c-`n-]m-b-ap-≈-hsc I≠v

h´-t»-cn¬ a¬]m-s\-t∏mse _p≤n-am-\mbn a‰mcpw k`-bn¬ C√

F∂pw AXp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\p Xo¿®-bmbpw ]´w sImSp-°Ww

F∂pw F√m-h-scbpw Hcp-hn[w kΩ-Xn-∏n-®p. XpS¿∂v AXn-\p≈

Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Iƒ F√mw Xømdm°n. ...

…o_m siΩm-i-s‚bpw ]ueqkv dºm-®-s‚bpw IqsS Ct±-l-

tØbpw ioabv°v hn´p. HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv, Iqdn-tem-kv, Zoh-∂m-

tkymkv F∂o t]cp-Ifn¬ 1908 sabv 31-˛mw XobXn Ch¿ aq∂p-

t]cpw saXm-∑m-cmbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´p. saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿

aqhcpw \mń¬ Xncn-s®-Øn.

A°-c-°m-cpsS amdm SÃn ÿm\hpw k`-bnse D∂-X-Xzhpw ]e

t\Xm-°ƒ°pw Akq-bbv°pw hntZz-j-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-bn. Nne

kz¥-°m¿ FXn¿∏p-≈-h-cp-ambn Iq´p-]n-Sn-®p. tIm´bw ]cn-k-c-ß-fn-

ep≈ ]e ]am-Wn-Iƒ°pw Hmtcm Imc-W-Øm¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-

t\mSv D≈n¬ \ockw Df-hm-bn. CXn¬ ]ecpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-

\nsb kn. sP. Ipcy-\n¬\n∂pw AI-‰m≥ ian-®p. saXm-®≥ kn.

sP. bpsS ssIbm-fmbn \S-°p∂p F∂mWv P\-kw-kmcw F∂p-

hsc saXm-®s\ [cn-∏n-®p. saXm-®\pw Cu P\-kw-kmcw am‰Ww

F∂v Hcp K¿∆v D≠m-bn. AtXmsS Iq´p-S-Ãn-Isf Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-

Wn®v Ah-tcmSv Btem-Nn-°msX Imcy-ßƒ \SØn aptºm-´p-t]mbn.

saXm-®s‚ A\p-`m-hn-I-fmbn ]ecpw CXn\p Iq´p-Iq-Sn. skan-\m-cn-

170 B\-∏m∏n

bnse _kvKmkm apdn-bpsS aq∂p Xmt°m-en¬ H∂p saXm-®-s‚bpw

H∂v A¬amb SÃn-bp-sSbpw (kn. sP. Ipcy≥) H∂p sshZnI SÃn-

bp-sSbpw (tIm-\m´p a¬]m≥) ssIbn¬ Bbn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xm-bn-

cp∂p k`m-N-´w. saXm-®≥ Xmt°m-¬ aq∂pw IÃ-Un-bn¬ sh®p.

saXm-®s‚ tkz—m-[n-]Xy ]hr-Øn-Ifpw IqsS- \n-∂-h-cpsS t]c-

Wm-i-‡nbpw kap-Zm-bsØ c≠p tNcn-I-fm°n F∂p ]d-bmw. c≠p

I£n-Ifpw Ahc-h-cpsS I£n-bn-te°v Bfp-]n-Sn-Øhpw i‡am°n

F∂p ]d-™m¬ aXn-b-t√m. XpS¿∂p kap-Zm-b-Ønse Ipg∏w Iq´p-

S-Ãn-Iƒ ]mXn-b¿°okv _mhmsb Adn-bn-®p. ]cn-lmcw ImWp-

hm≥ _mhm ae-¶-c-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈Ww F∂v A`y¿∞n-®p.

A∂sØ A_vZp≈m ]mXn-b¿°okv Xma-kn-bmsX ae-¶-c-bn-

te°v Fgp-s∂-≈n. _mhm h∂Xv Xs∂ apS-°m-\mWv F∂p sX‰n-

≤-cnt®m Ft¥m h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n _mhmsb kao-]n-®n-√.

XpS¿∂p _mhm saXm-®s\ apS-°n. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v hfsc £p`n-

X-amb A¥-co-£-Øn¬ apS-°p-I¬]\ hmbn-®p. CtX -Xp-S¿∂v c≠p

I£n-bmbn ]ncn-™p. sNdnb]≈n-bn¬ ASn. B\-∏m-∏n-t°-kv,

XpS¿∂v ]e ]≈n-I-fnepw c≠p tNcn. Iqdn-temkv saXm-®\pw

HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv saXm\pw Hcp mKØpw, h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw

apdn-a-‰Øp saXm-®\pw adp `mKØp\n∂pw tIkp-Iƒ°p ]pdta

tIkp-I-fmbn s]mXp-kz-Øn\pw hń-∏-W-]-en-ibv°pw s]mXp-hmbpw

Hmtcm ]≈n°pw ]tXyIw ]tXy-I-ambpw tIkp-Iƒ XpS-ßn. ]≈n-

Iƒ an°Xpw ]qń. kvIqfpIƒ Bb-Xp-sIm-≠v Fw.Un. skan-

\mcnbpw, ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cnbpw ]qń-bn-√. ]g-b-sk-an-\mcn ]≈n amXw

]qń. \mep-sI´pw Ipin-\nbpw ]q´msX Ipń-I-fpsS Bh-iy-Øn\v

hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. \mS-I-im-e-bpsS apIƒX´v hrØn-bm°n Ip¿_m-

\bpw a‰p I¿Ω-ßfpw AhnsS h®v \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. at\m-ca

Nm∏epw Bcm-[-\-bv°pw, hnhm-lw, amtam-Zokm XpS-ßnb NS-ßp-

Iƒ°pw D]-tbm-Kn®p h∂p. tIm´-b-Øp≈ saXm≥ I£n-°m¿°v

Cu c≠p Nm∏epw _mhm I£n-°m¿°v ]mW-º-Sn-°¬ ]≈nbpw

Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS henb]≈nbpw amXw Bcm-[-\bv°p tijn-®p.

IqSmsX sNßfw ]≈n, I√p-¶-X, Hf» s]m∂-cØp ]≈n, Ipa-

cIw B‰-aw-Kew ]≈n F∂n-hbpw tIm´bw apX¬ hS-t°m-´p≈

an° ]≈n-Ifpw _mhm I£n-°m¿°v amXw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fmbn.

]pXp-∏≈n c≠p Iqćpw D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

tIm´-b-Øn\p sXt°m´v IqSp-X¬ ]≈n-Ifpw Ip∂w-Ip-fØpw

tImX-aw-K-e-Øp-ap≈ Npcp°w ]≈n-Ifpw saXm≥ I£n-°m-cpsS

171B\-∏m∏n

kzm[o-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-h√ ]men-tb-°c ]≈n H∂n-S-hn v Hmtcm-

cp-Ø-cpw, I´-∏p-dsØ ]≈n _mhm I£n-°m¿°v amX-ambpw XpS-

¿∂p. at\m-c-a-]Xw saXm-®\v Xmßpw XW-ep-ambn h¿Øn-®p. Pn√m-

t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ tIkv _mhm-I-£n-°m¿°v tZmj-ambn hn[n-®p.

sslt°m¿ń¬ A∏o¬ t]mbn. aZm-kn¬ ]ikvX h°o-emb kn.

]n. cma-kzm-an-A-øsc _mhm I£n-°m¿°p th≠n hmZn-°m≥ kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ sIm≠p-h-∂p. ]n∂oSv tIc-f-Ønse apJy-I-Ym-]m-Xhpw

Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Znhm-\p-ambn amdnb kn. ]n. sb kn. sP. Ipcy\v

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw CS-]m-Sm-°n-bXpw A∂p Znhm-\m-bn-cp∂ kn.

cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bm-Wv. h°o-ens\ ImWm\pw k`m-Im-cy-ßfpw a‰pw

X¿÷a sNbvXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Fcp-Øn-°-e-®≥, amen-bn-e-®≥

apX-em-b-h¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv Xma-k-am-°n. tIm´-bØv ]e ho´p-

Imcpw hfsc hmin-tbmsS c≠p I£n-bmbn \n∂p.

h´-t»cn¬ saXm-t∏m-eoØm apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ ImtXm-en°m _mhm,

Koh¿Kokv am¿ KotKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏m-eoØm (I-√m-t»-cn¬),

Koh¿Kokv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv (hmI-Øm-\w) F∂n-h¿ saXm≥

I£n°v t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. kn. ]n. cma-kzman Aø¿ hnZ-Kv≤-

ambn hmZn® tIkn¬ saXm≥I-£n-°m¿ tXm‰p. AtX-Xp-S¿∂v

saXm≥ I£n-t\-Xm-°ƒ sIm®p-]p-c-bv°¬ h∂p kn. sP. Ipcys\

I≠v, Xmt°m¬ G¬]n-°m≥ h∂-XmWv F∂pw Ah¿ kap-Zmbw

hn´p t]mIpw F∂pw ]d-™-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. tIkn¬ Pbhpw

tXm¬hnbpw D≠v. \ap°v H∂mbn t]mI-Ww. AtX-∏‰n DSs\ Btem-

Nn-°m-sa-∂pw, DSs\ ioaqew Akw-ªn°p t]mtI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Xncnsb h∂p Cu Imcy-ßƒ Btem-Nn-°Ww F∂pw ]d™v kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ Xmt°m¬ hmßmsX Ahsc kam-[m-\-s∏-Sp-Øn hn´p

F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. F∂m¬ Akw-ªn°p t]mIm-\n-cp∂ kn. sP.

Ipcy\v s]s´∂p hmX-tcmKw aq¿—n®p Ah-i-\m-bn. 1924 am¿®v 2˛\v

At±lw ac-W-a-S-™p.

CXmWv IpSpw-_-°m-cpsS Ncn-Xw.

CUv. Fw. ]mtd´v ]d-bp∂p

kp]-kn≤ k`m-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb CUv. Fw. ]mtd v 1969- ¬ ]kn-

≤o-I-cn® h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv (a-e-¶c \km-Wn-Iƒ 4)

F∂ Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:

am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ c-W-Øns‚ BZy-a-S-ßmbn

KWn-t°≠ Bdp h¿j-°mew F∂√ ae-¶c \km-Wn-I-fpsS

172 B\-∏m∏n

NcnXw H´msI FSp-Øm¬X-s∂bpw AXn¬ kmc-amb kzm[o\w

sNep-Øn-bn-´p≈ Hcp t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p 1098 Ipw`w 19-˛\v A¥-cn®

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ F∂v At±lw kºm-Zn® \nc-h[n iXp-°ƒt]mepw

kΩ-Xn-°pw. Ipw`w 21-˛se ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ kpZo¿-

L-amb apJ-]-kw-K-Øn¬ ""kap-Zmb Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp kp]-[m-\-

`mKw hln-°-Ø-°-hn[w Akm-am-\y-amb ÿntcm-’mlw, Imcy-

\n¿∆-l-W-i‡n, Iogvs∏-SmØ a\v F∂n-h-sb√mw kn. sP. Ipcy-

\n¬ ]tim-`n-®n-cp-∂p F∂p-≈Xv At±-l-sØ-∏‰n G‰w ]_-e-amb

A`n-]mbhyXym-k-ap-≈-hcpw ap‡-IWvTw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. A`n-

]mbhyXym-k-ap≈ kwK-Xn-Isf am‰n-h®p ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬,

At±lw \nw-i-b-ambn Hcp alm-\p-`m-h\pw cmPy-Øn\pw kap-Zm-

b-Øn\pw Hc-e-¶m-c-hp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp

aSn-bp-an√ F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kn. sP. Ipcy≥ PmXym-`n-

am-\nbpw tZim-`n-am-\n-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-¶c \km-Wn-I-fp-sS-ta¬

At¥ym-Jymbv°v euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-an-s√∂p Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw

sIm®n-bn-sebpw tdmb¬tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ Xo¿∏p I¬]n-®n-´pw, Xp¿°n

cmPy-°m-c-\mb ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\v ChnsS Bflob euIn-Im-[n-Im-

c-ßƒ Ds≠∂p ÿm]n-°m≥ Xs‚ ]Whpw kzm[o-\hpw F√mw

IÆp-]qń sNe-hm-°nb Bƒ Fßs\ PmXym-`n-am-\n-bm-Ipw, tZim-

`n-am-\n-bmIpw F∂pw tNmZn-°mw. am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚

A[n-Im-csØ P\-]-Xn-\n[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-Xn\p X\n-

°p-s≠∂p At±lw hniz-kn® Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p kn.

sP. Ipcy≥ \S-Ønb `Ko-cY]b-Xv\-Øn¬ hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p hntZ-

in-bmb At¥ymJym ]mXn-b¿°o-kns\ IqsS Iq´p-]n-Sn®p F∂p

hymJym-\n-°mw. Gjy-bpsS hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥ mKØv Fhn-sS-\ns∂-

¶nepw hcp-∂hsc AXn-am-\p-jtcm A¿≤-ssZ-h-ßtfm Bbn KWn-

°p-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS Aiu-Nm-h-ÿsb Xs∂ al-Xz-Øns‚ e£y-

ambn FÆp-Ibpw, Ah-cpsS \mSv GXp \c-I-°pgn Bbmepw ""ioa''

Bbn tLmjn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ""ioa tkh-I-cpsS'' Iq´-Øn¬s∏´

Bfm-bn-cp-∂n√ kn. sP. Ipcy≥. hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ At±lw

sImSpØ samgn CXn\p sXfn-hm-Wv. hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥ Gjy°p

""ioa'' F∂ hnti-j-ÿm-\-a√ ""Xp¿°n'' F∂ t]cmWv At±lw

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]nXr-Xp-ey-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipcy≥ ssd´¿°p,

amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kn-s‚bpw tPmk^v am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-

kn-s‚bpw ImeØv kap-Zm-b-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ D∂-X-ÿm-

\tam \nb-¥W kzm[o-\-ßtfm X\n°p thW-sa∂v kn. sP.

Ipcy≥ BK-ln-®p. Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkymkv AXp hI-h®p

173B\-∏m∏n

sImSp-Øn-√. hI-sh®p sImSp-°m≥ XmXzn-I-ambn \nhrØn Cs√∂v

At±lw hniz-kn-®p. Ah¿ XΩn¬ sX‰n F∂o-hn[w hymJym-\n®p

IqStbm Ah¿ XΩn-ep-≠mb AI¬®-tbbpw AXns‚ Imc-W-ß-

tfbpw? F¥n\pw t]mcp∂ tIm\m´p a¬]m-s\bpw B hgn°p ""Xp¿-

°n-I-sfbpw'' Iqń-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠v `mc-X-bp-≤-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-´p. ae-¶c

\km-Wn-I-fpsS At\-I-e£w cq]-bpw, Ah-cpsS Ac- i-Xm-_vZ-

°m-esØ iahpw kz¥w [\hpw sh≈-Øn-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

AXp-sIm≠v `c-W-[p-c-‘-\mb Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚

AXn-cp‰ Ign-hp-sIm-≠p≈ ]tbm-P\w B¿°pw C√m-sX- t]m-bn.

am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw tbmPn®p

]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ C∂sØ \ne F¥m-bn-cn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p?

""\obp-≠m-°nb Ipg∏w''

h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°nb tijw 1087-˛¬ (1911) Bep-hm-

bn¬ tN¿∂ ]≈n-]-Xn-]p-cpj tbmK-Øn¬ ]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p Bfln-

Im-[n-Im-chpw euIn-Im-[n-Im-chpw Ds≠-∂p≈ ]tabw ]mm-°m≥

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kΩ-Xn-®n-√. apS-°p-sIm≠v km[n-°m-hp∂ t\´-ß-

sf-∏‰n kn. sP. Ipcy\p Nne [mc-W-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-cy-sØ-

∏‰n hS-Ic sslkvIqƒ slUvam-Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ ˛ kap-∂X sshZn-

I\pw HutK≥ dºm-®s‚ (]n-∂oSv HutK≥ _mh) D‰ anX-hp-am-bn-

cp∂ ˛ ]tc-X-\mb sNΩ-¶pg kn. Fkv. kvIdnbm A®≥ ""ae-¶c

k`m ]iv\w: Nne D≈p-I-≈n-Iƒ'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cßs\

]d-bp∂p.

""saXm-®s\ ]mX-bn¬ \n∂p Xń-am-‰-W-sa-∂-√msX ]mXn-b¿°o-

kn\v A[n-Imcw In´-W-sa∂v kn. sP. Ipcy≥ hnNm-cn-®n-√. apS-°n-

bm¬ AsX-Xbpw Ffp∏w km[n-°p-sa∂p IW-°p-Iq-ń. apS-°p-

I¬]-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn 14 cq]m Ãmsºm- n®v Hc-t]£ k¿°m-cn¬ sImSp-

Øm¬ hSn-, apSn, …o_m hs®m-gn-™p-t]m-Im≥ DØ-chp e`n-°p-sa-

∂p-Xs∂ At±lw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-sX. apS°v Btem-N-\-bn-en-cn-°p-

tºmƒ ]tc-X-\mb sNm≈-tº-e-®-t\mSv Cßs\ ]d-™-Xmbn

At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw t\cn´p ]d™p Rm≥ tIń-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ apS-

°n-s\-∏‰n CS-h-gn-°¬ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv Btem-N-\m-k-a-bØv

]d-™Xv kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. "Cu hSn-sIm≠v Cu ]mºv Nmhp-I-bn√'

F∂mWv ên-X-ambn ]d-™-Xv.

]mXn-b¿°o-kn\p ]≠p≈ A[n-Im-c-sam-s°-bp-s≠∂pw Uen-

tK-‰n\v dºm-∑m-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-an-cn-°s´ F∂p-amWv Bep-hm-bn¬

174 B\-∏m∏n

\n›-bn-®-Xv. At∏m-gmWv ]mXn-b¿°okv Xs‚ \ne Ah-Xm-f-Øn-

em-b-t√m, ]Whpw C√, A[n-Im-chpw C√ F∂p a\-n-em-°n-b-Xv.

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ssIbn¬ Hcp ]mh-bm-bn-t∏m-bt√m Ft∂m¿Øv

a\-ÿm-]-s∏- p. Ipcy\pw _mhm-bp-am-bn, _mh-mbpsS bmXbv°v H∂p

c≠p Znhkw apºp \S∂ Hcp kw`m-j-W-sØ-∏‰n Hcp hnh-cWw

Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ 1102-˛¬ Adn-™Xv ChnsS tN¿°p-I-bm-Wv.

1102˛¬ Bep-hm-bn¬ tIm\m´v a¬]m-\-®≥, Ipcn-in-¶¬ amWn-b-®≥,

kn. ]n. Xc-I≥, Fw. F. Nmt°m, ss]tem h°o¬ apX¬t]¿

IqSn \S-Ønb alm-tbm-K-Øn\v Hcp Znhkw apºv Chcpw a‰p ]ecpw

Bep-hm-bn¬ kn. sP. amWn-bpsS sIń-S-Øn¬ (kn.Fw.Fkv.

]≈n°p kao-]w) IqSn ]e-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Btem-Nn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Rm\pw B Iq´-Ønep≠mbn-cp-∂p. Fw. F. Nmt°m-bm-

WnXp ]d-™Xv. _mhm-bpsS bmXbv°p apºv At±-lsØ I≠v

kwkm-cn-°-W-sa∂v saXm-®\v Dt±iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Fd-

Wm-Ip-f-sØØn Xma-kn-®p. saXm-®\pw _mhm-bp-ambn I≠p kwkm-

cn-®m¬ Hcp- ]t£ X\n°v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n -h-cp∂ ]bm-k-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-Im≥ km[n-t®-°p-sa∂v Ipcy≥ hnNm-cn-®n-c-n°-Ww.

kwkm-cn-°m≥ CS-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v _mhm-tbmSv Ipcy≥ Xs∂

]d™p. _mhm tIm]n®p, ""\obp-≠m-°nb Ipg∏w \o Xs∂ hln-

®p-sIm-≈pI'' F∂p ]d™p apJw Xncn®pIf-™p. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v

kq£va-ambn Adn-bmsX Fw. F. Nmt°m Cßs\ ]d-bm≥ CS-

bn√. tI´-h-cmcpw AXns\ \ntj-[n-®p-an-√. _. a¬∏m-\-®≥ _mhm-

bpsS bmXbv°p apºv Ft∏mgpw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp-

∂t√m. Ipcys‚ kl-]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-Wv. am¿ A_v-Zp≈m ]mXn-

b¿°okv [oc\pw F√mw Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂-h\pw Aßs\ Xs∂

]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hfn-®p-Ifn H∂pw At±lw ImWn-®n√.

AXbv°v At±lw _lp-am\w A¿ln-°p∂p.''

kap-Zm-b-t°kv NqSp-]n-Sn® Imew. B\-∏m∏n h[w kw_-‘n®pw

skan-\mcn dn°m¿Up-Iƒ IS-Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp-sa∂v ipXn ]c-

∂-Xns\ XpS¿∂p≈ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw

skan-\mcn Imh-en-\p-th≠n hnfn-®m-°nb Xmg-Ø-ßmSn kztZ-in-I-

fmb ap…o-ß-fpsS Imcy-ßƒ t\m°p-hm≥ \ntbm-Kn -°-s∏´

""im¥\pw ho´p-Im¿°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏-

®s‚ Kl-∏n-g''sb kw_-‘n®pw AIm-e-a-c-Ww, `mcy-bpsS acWw

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \jvS-s∏´ aq∂p Ip™p-ß-fpsS ÿnXn F∂n-h-sb-

∏-‰nbpw A°c IpSpw_ Ncn-X-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p:

175B\-∏m∏n

kap-Zm-b-t°kv NqSp-]n-Sn® Imew

Cu Ime-L- -Øn-em-bn-cp∂p (1910) kap-Zm-b-t°-kns‚ NqSp-Imew.

kap-Zm-b-SÃn kn. sP. Ipcy\pw ae-¶c saXm≥ h´-t»cn¬ Koh¿-

Kokv am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Ccp-tN-cn-I-fn¬

\n∂p t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. tIm´-bØv Bƒ kzm[o\w kn. sP.

Ipcys‚ tNcn-bmb ]mXn-b¿°okv I£n-°m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdnb ]≈n-

bn¬ c≠v I£n-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≠mb ASn- Ip]-kn-≤-am-W-t√m. CXn-

\nsS h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta\n tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂pw sX°≥ `mK-sØ-hn-

sStbm Bÿm\w am‰p-sa∂pw skan-\m-cn-bn-en-cn-°p∂ dn°m¿Up-

Iƒ F√mw IS-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pw ipXn ]c-∂n-cp-∂p.

Aßs\ kw`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ kn. sP. Ipcy≥ Nne ap≥I-cp-X-ep-

Iƒ FSp-Øp. Xmg-Ø-ßmSn Ipf-∏p-c-°-S-hn\p kao-]-ap≈ A`ym-

kn-I-fmb ap…ow bphm-°-∑msc ]≈n-km-[-\-ßƒ H∂pw IS-Øn-

s°m≠p t]mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]≈n-]-cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ Imh-en\p \ntbm-

Kn-®p. skan-\m-cn°p kao]w Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Xs‚ tPyjvTs‚ aI≥

]pcm´p ]m∏-®s\ Ch-cpsS Imcy-ßƒ t\m°p-hm≥ `c-ta¬]n-®p.

Cu G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ h -t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\nbpw Iqćpw ho£n-®-t∏mƒ

as‰mcp [mc-W-bmWp-≠m-b-Xv. skan-\mcn Iø-S-°m-\p≈ kwcw- -ambn

Ah¿ IW-°m-°n. GXm-bmepw saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS hew-ssI-

bm-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv ]Wn-°-c-®≥ (]n-∂oSv B¿®v _nj∏v am¿

Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv) ta]m-bn-te°v Bf-b-®p. B `mKsØ Akm-[m-

cW A`ymknIfpw apjv°-∑m-cp-am-bn-cp∂ B\-∏m∏n (h¿°n h¿-

Kokv) sbbpw injy≥ Xncp-hm-¶m-h≥ sIm®p-Ip-™n-s\bpw skan-

\m-cn-bn¬ hcp-Øn. Ch¿ k`mw-K-ßƒ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

skan-\mcn B‰n-dºv hfhv A∂v th\¬°m-eØv henb aW¬∏p-

d-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS agp-°m´p Ip™p-ap-l-ΩZv taØ-cpsS Hcp Nmb-

°-S-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWv apl-Ω-Zo-b¿°v `£Ww G¿s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Znhkw Ch¿ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ Im∏n-IpSn Ign™v

kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ZrV-Km-X-cmb c≠v A]-cn-Nn-X¿

AhnsS Ib-dn-s®∂v Nmb FSp-°m≥ ]d-™p. B\-∏m-∏nbpw sIm®p-

Ip™pw Bbn-cp∂p Ah¿. B\-∏m∏n A∂v AhnsS FØn-b-tX-

bp-≈p. h∂ DSs\ saXm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb I≠v ssIapØn kwkm-

cn®p. XpS¿∂v tZiw ImWm≥ Cd-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. BZysa aW-∏p-d-tØ-

°mWv Xncn-®-Xv. Nmb-°-S-bn¬ h∂v Nmb FSp-°m≥ ]d-™-t∏m-

gmWv apl-Ω-Zo-bsc I≠-Xv. skan-\mcn kq£n-°m≥ h∂n-cn-°p∂

]∂n-I-fmtWm \nßƒ F∂v tNmZn-®p-sIm≠v Ahsc A[n-t£-]n®p

176 B\-∏m∏n

kwkm-cn-®p. DSs\ apl-Ω-Zo-b¿°v FXn¿I-£n-Iƒ sIm≠p-h∂

N´-ºn-I-fmWv Ch¿ F∂p a\-n-em-bn. ]m∏nbpw Iqćpw Nmb-°-S-

bn¬ \n∂v t]mIp-∂-Xp-hsc apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ t£m`w HXp°n an≠m-Xn-

cp-∂p.

Xßsf ]∂n-Iƒ F∂p hnfn®p ]cn-l-kn-®Xv A∂sØ ap…o-

ap-Isf kw_-‘n®p hfsc A]-am-\-I-c-amb Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah-cpsS kap-Zm-bsØ apgp-h-\mbn Ah-tl-fn®p kwkm-cn-°p∂

B kwt_m-[\ Ah-cn¬ h√mØ hmin Df-hm-°n. C\nbpw CXv

XpS¿∂m¬ ]m∏n-bp-ambn C°mcyw tNmZn-°m≥ Xs∂ Ah¿ Xocp-

am-\n-®p. Ipsd hSn-Iƒ Ah¿ Icp-Xn. Nmb-°-S-bpsS kao]w Ah

aW-en¬ Ipgn am¥n C´v ad-®p-sh-®p. ]nt‰∂p aq∂p-aWn Ign-™-

t∏mƒ Ch¿ Nmb-°-S-bn¬ ]Xn-hp-t]mse h∂n-cp-∂p. Iptd-t\cw

Ign-™-t∏mƒ ]m∏nbpw Iqćpw aW¬∏p-d-sØ-Øn. Ah¿ Nmb-

IpSn-°m≥ Nmb-°-S-bn-tebv°v Ib-dn. XpS¿∂v Ccp-Iq-ćpw H∂pw

c≠pw ]d™p hg°p aqØp. apl-Ω-Zo-b¿ s]s´∂v NmSn-bn-dßn

Ipgn-®n-ń-cp∂ hSn-Iƒ FSpØv ASn- Xp-S-ßn. s]s´-∂p-≠mb Cu

BI-aWw ]m∏n-sbbpw Iq´-scbpw A‘m-fn-∏n-®p. ]m∏nbpsS Iq´-

Øn-ep≠mbn-cp-∂-h¿ aW¬∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v HmSn-°-f-™p. ASn apgp-

h≥ \njv]-bmkw XS-™p-sIm≠v A`ym-kn-bmb ]m∏n H´pw Iqk-

en-√msX ]pdw-Xn-cn-bmsX Hgn-ap-d-bn¬ ]pd-tIm v \S-∂p. F∂m¬ Kl-

∏n-gbv°v B‰p-a-W-en¬ Po¿Æn®v apI-fn-tem´p \n∂n-cp∂ Hcp

sXßn≥Ip-‰n-bn¬ ]m∏n-bpsS Imep Xń, s]s´∂v ]pd-tIm´p H∂p

Xncn-™p. DS≥ Iam-ep-Zo≥ F∂ apl-Ω-Zo-b≥ \nan-jw-sIm≠v Hcp

ASn sImSp-Øp. ]m∏nbpsS Xe-bv°mWv sIm≠Xv. Xe- s]mń ]m∏n

]pd-tIm´p adn-™p. XpS¿∂v £p`n-X-cmb Ah¿ tZl-Øn-\n´pw

ASn®p. Xe-bn¬ \n∂pw c‡w ]h-ln-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. XpS¿∂v

apk¬am-∑m¿ HmSn Hfn-®p. hnhcw Adn™ £Ww skan-\m-cn-bn¬

\n∂pw Bƒ°m¿ h∂p B\-∏m-∏nsb Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ sIm≠p-

t]mbn. th≠ ipiq-j-Iƒ sNbvXp F¶nepw B\-∏m-∏n cmXn Xs∂

acn-®p.

Cu hnhcw Adn-™-tXmsS Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse saXm≥ I£n-

°m¿ Cf-In. Ah¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ HmSnFØn. Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ h®v

B\-∏m∏n Bk-∂-a-c-W-\mbn InS-°p-tºmƒ ""ASn-®Xv ]pcms´ ]m∏-

®≥ BsW∂v ]d-b-W-sa∂v'' ]ap-J-cn¬ Hcmƒ ]m∏n-bpsS sNhn-

bn¬ cl-ky-ambn ]d-™p. Cu apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-°m-c\pw

skan-\m-cn°p kao]w Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xp-amb kn. sP. Ipcys‚

177B\-∏m∏n

tPyjvTs‚ aI≥ ]m∏-®s‚ t]cv Cßs\ Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw sNbvXm¬

tIkn\v _ew IqSp-at√m F∂m-bn-cp∂p FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Dt±-iyw.

aPn-kvtS‰v ÿeØv h∂v B\-∏m-∏n-bpsS samgn FSp-Øp. ]m∏n

samgn-bn¬ ]d™Xv ]´m-Wn-Iƒ Xs∂ ASn®p F∂m-Wv. ]m∏n acn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kw`hw tI´-dn™v saXm≥ I£n-bn¬s∏´ hf-

sc-b-[n-Iw-t]¿ apk¬am-∑msc \ntbm-Kn® A°-c-°msc FSp-°Ww

F∂-e-dn-s°m≠v A°c IS-hn-tebv°v \oßn. AhnsS _mhm-I-£n-

Iƒ Bbp-[-ß-fp-ambn \nc-∂p-\n¬°p-∂-Xp- I≠v ]pe`yw ]d-™-

tijw Xncn-®p-t]m-bn. taØ-∑msc sIm≠p-h∂v saXm-®s\ sIm∂n v

tIkv FXn-cn-√msX Pbn-°p-hm≥ sNbvX ]hr-Øn-bmbn Nne¿ Zpjv-

]-N-cWw \S-Øn. F¶nepw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw Iqćpw AX hnUvVn-

I-fm-Wv F∂v Bcpw Icp-Xp-I-bn-√-t√m. FXn-cm-fnsb sIm∂m¬ tIkv

Pbn-°p-sa-¶n¬ FX Ffp-∏-amWv Imcy-ßƒ. ]∂n-Isf F∂ hnfn-

bn¬ Hc-Sn-sIm-≠Xv ac-W-tl-Xp-hm-bn. B kw`hw _mhm-I-£n-

°m¿°v tIkn\p hfsc _p≤n-ap-´p -h-cp-Øn.

tIkn\p _e-ambn GXm-bmepw skan-\mcn°p kao]w Xma-kn-

°p∂ ]m∏-®s\ H∂mw ]Xn-bm-°Ww F∂pw Hcp Znh-k-sa-¶nepw

Pbn-en¬ AS-bv°Ww F∂pw saXm≥ I£n-°m¿ iTn-®p. ]m∏-

®\v Ipsd-°mew Hfn-hn¬ Ign-tb≠n h∂p. kn. sP. Ipcys\ Hcp

tIkn¬ t]meo-kn¬ ]nSn-∏n-°m≥ t\csØ iaw \S-Øn-bXv hnP-

bn-®n-√. B sshcmKyw ]m∏-®s\ AdÃp sNøn-®p Xo¿°-W-sa-∂m-

bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS X¥w. Cu ]Xn-Im-chpw hnP-bn-®n-√. ]m∏-®≥

Ipsd amk-ßƒ hoSp-I-fn¬ amdn amdn Hfn-hn¬ Xma-kn-®p. Hcp Znhkw

aPn-kvtS‰v tImS-Xn-bn¬ Pmay-°-®o´v h®v Pmay-Øn¬ Cdßn ]Xn-

ÿm-\Øp \n∂p amdn. B\-∏m-∏n-t°kv \S-∂p. 38 t]sc ]Xn-I-fm-

°n-bmWv t]meokv tIkv Nm¿Pv sNbvX-Xv. tIkv hnNm-cW \S-∂p.

]m∏nsb BcmWv ASn-®-sX∂v hy‡-ambn sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™n√,

tIkv sXfn-hn-√msX t]mbn.

ta¬∏-d™ ]e Imc-W-ß-fm¬ hc-hn¬ IqSp-X¬ sNehv h¿-

≤n®p. XpS¿∂p ]m∏-®\p IS-ßƒ h¿≤n-®p. ISw ho´p-∂-Xn-te-°mbn

300 ]d \new, sNß-f-°m- nse hoXw, Xncp-\-°-c-am-fnI F∂nh Inńb

Ipd™ hnebv°v ssXØ-d-°m¿°v sImSp-Øp. ]md-bv°¬ ]pc-bn-

S-Øn¬ Htc-°¿, Icn-bw-]m-Sw, tImSn-aX \new, saXm≥ Imb¬

CXbpw sIm®p-]m∏n hey-∏\pw sImSp-Øp. icn-bmbn hne

t]imt\m, ]pdØp hne tNmZn®p Adn-bmt\m A∂sØ ImeØv

an\-s°-ń-√.

178 B\-∏m∏n

im¥\pw ho´p-Im¿°pw \m´p-Im¿°pw ]nb-¶-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ ]m∏-

®s\ Kl-∏ng F∂-hÆw CS-s]-tS≠n h∂ kap-Zm-b-t°kpw B\-

∏m-∏n-t°kpw am\-kn-I-am-bpw, imco-cn-I-am-bpw, kmº-Øn-I-ambpw

Xf¿Øn. ]m∏-®≥ 45˛mw hb-n¬ acn-®p. acn-°m-dm-b-t∏mƒ aq∂p

a°-sfbpw ASp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sIm®m∏n hey-∏s\ G¬∏n-®p.

ÿe-ßƒ ]eXpw hn‰p F¶nepw IS-sa√mw Xo¿Øn-´mWv acn-®-

sX∂v At±-l-Øn\p a\x-k-am-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m∏-®s‚ ac-W-

tijw `mcy B®n-bΩ aq∂p -am-k-°mew ]pcm´p Xma-kn-®p. B®n-

b-Ωbpw tcmKn-bm-bn. XpS¿∂v Bbn-cq¿°v t]mbn hni-an-°m-sa∂p

IcpXn B®n-b-Ω-bpsS ]nXmhv amthen A®≥ h≈-hp-ambn h∂v

aI-sfbpw aq∂v sIm®p-a-°-sfbpw Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. `¿Ømhv

acn®v 10 amkw Ign-™v 1920 sk]v‰w-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn Abn-cq¿ h®v

B®n-b-Ωbpw \ncym-X-bm-bn.

kn. sP. Ipcys‚ A¥y-Imew

sI. kn. amΩ≥ am∏nf Fgp-Xp-∂p: saXm≥ ]£-°m¿ tXm‰-

Xns‚ KpWw ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t\cn´ kml-Ncy

]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kn. sP. Ipcys\ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn¬ _m[n-®-

Xn\p ZrjvSm-¥-ambn Hcp kw`-h-IY tIń-´p-≠v. tImgn-a-Æn¬ Znhm≥

_l-Zq¿ hn. hdp-Ko-kns‚ A\p-P\pw tIm´-bØv k¿°m¿ h°o-ep-

am-bn-cp∂ tXmakv hdp-Kokv ]d™p tI´Xm-Wv.

tSm∏n-°¬ πmt‚-j≥kv Iº\n kw_-‘n®v ]mem-ºSw ]n. Sn.

tXmakv h°oepw ]n. Fw. amWnbpw XΩn-ep-≠mb X¿°-Øn¬

tUm. hdp-Kokv Be-∏p-g-bnse ]kn≤ h°o-em-bn-cp∂ IrjvW-ø-

¶m¿, kn. sP. Ipcy≥ BZn-bm-b-h¿ amWn-bpsS hi-Øm-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ Iº-\n-bpsS Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Uv ao‰nwKv Be-∏pg Sn. _n.

bn¬ IqSn. AXn¬ kw_-‘n-°m≥ h∂ Ub-d-IvS-d-∑m-cp-sS- Iq-´-

Øn¬ tUm. h¿Ko-kpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp-∏-

Øn¬ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw kl-]-mTn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-ßƒ Ipsd-b-[nIw

Ign-™n- mWv Ccp-hcpw I≠p-ap- p-∂-Xv. BZy-Im-eØv \√ ]k-cn∏pw

Btcm-Ky-ku-jvThhpw XnI-™n-cp∂ Ipcy≥ At∏m-tg°v ico-chpw

a\pw £oWn®v Ah-i-\mbn ImW-s∏-´p. CX £oWn-®-Xn-s\¥p

ImcWw F∂v tUmIvS¿ hdp-Kokv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, kap-Zm-b-t°-kp-

Ifpw hg-°p-Ifpw sIm≠v Xs‚ ico-c-Øn\pw a\-n-\p-ap-≠m-bn-

´p≈ t¢i-ß-fmWv CXn\p Imc-W-sa∂pw X\n°v A]m-c-amb

£oWw tXm∂p-∂p-sh∂pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥ ]d-™p. Xs‚ Btcm-

Ky-ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n®v Hcp hnZ-Kv≤-m- n-]mbw ]d-b-W-sa∂pw tUmIvS-

179B\-∏m∏n

tdmSv At]-£n-®p. tUmIvS¿ At∏mƒ Xs∂ At±-lsØ ]cn-tim-

[n-®n´v cl-ky-ambn ]d-™p. ""sIm®p-Ipt™ (A-Xm-bn-cp∂p kn.

sP. Ipcys‚ Hma-\-t∏-cv) D≈-Xp-]-d-b-s´, sIm®p-Ip-™n\v C\n

A[nIw Bbp-p≈ e£Ww ImWp-∂n-√. C\n-sb-¥n-\mWv sIm®p-

Ip-t™, Cu kap-Zmbhg°pw høm-th-en-bp-sams° XpS-cp-∂Xv? Cu

Ah-km-\-Im-e-sØ-¶nepw AXp aXn-bm°n kzÿ-ambn Ccn-°q.''

Cu hg°v Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ GXp hn´p-

hogvNbv°pw Xm≥ Xøm-dm-sW∂pw tIkn-\p-th≠n Xm≥ sNe-hm-

°nb henb XpI Inń-bm¬ kIe hg°pw hn´p-amdmw F∂pw kn.

sP. adp-]Sn ]d-™p. tUmIvS¿, ""saXm-t∏m-eoØm B XpIbpw

AXn-e-∏p-dhpw Xcm≥ kΩ-Xn®p F∂pw sIm®p-Ip-™mWv AXn¬

hnk-ΩXw ImWn-®-sX∂pw BWt√m Rm≥ tI´Xv.''

tUmIvS¿ tI´Xp icn-bm-sW∂p ]›m-Ø-]-kq-N-I-ambn kΩXw

aqfn. tUmIvS¿, saXm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbmSp ]d-™m¬ Imcyw Ct∏m-

sg-¶nepw Xocpw F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v tUmIvS-tdmSv Aßs\ sNøm≥

At]-£n-®p. tUmIvS¿ AXv G‰p. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬, sIm®n-bnse

No^v saUn-°¬ Hmô-kdpw alm-cm-Pm-hns\ Znh-tk\ ]cn-tim-[n-

t°≠ Npa-X-e-bp≈ Bfpw F∂ \nebv°v tUm. hdp-Ko-kn\p saXm-

t∏m-eo-Ømsb sN∂p ImWp-hm≥ As∂m∂pw Ah-kcw e`n-®n-√.

At∏m-tg°pw kn. sP. Ipcy≥ Nn¥n-°m\pw kw`m-jWw

sNøm\pw Akm-[y-ambhn[-Øn¬ Bk-∂-a-c-W-\mbn Ign-™n-

cp∂p. 1924 am¿®v 2˛\v 64˛mw hbn¬ Ipcy≥ A¥cn®p.

Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw

^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥, kn. sNdn-bm≥ F∂n-h¿ cNn® \km-

Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ kn. sP. Ipcy-

s\-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWp-I:

Ipcy≥ ssd´dpsS kw`h_lpeamb PohnXIYbnse Hcp ]-

[m\ IYm]mXamWv kn. sP. Ipcy≥. ssd´dpsS tPyjvT ktlm-

Zc\mb Del∂m®s‚ ZznXob ]pX\mbn 1862 ¬ A°cØdhmń¬

Ct±lw PmX\mbn. _meyw apX¬Xs∂ kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Bcm[-

\m]mXambncp∂p Ipcy≥ ssd´¿. ssd´¿°v Ipcyt\mSv ]pX\n¿∆n-

tijamb kvt\lamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. ktlmZc]pX≥ F∂Xn-

ep]cn ssd´dpsS BflanXhpw k¥XklNmcnbpw ImcyZ¿inbpw

F√mambncp∂p kn. sP. Ipcy≥. kapZmbt\Xmhv, cmPyImchnim-

180 B\-∏m∏n

cZ≥ F∂o Xeßfn¬ ]n¬°meØv ]ikvX\mIphm≥ kn. sP.

Ipcy\p km[n®Xv ssd´dpsS D]tZihpw in£Whpw sIm≠mWv.

A_vZp≈m ]mXnb¿°okns‚ BKa\Øn\ptijw ae¶c kap-

Zmbw _mhmI£nbpw saXm≥ I£nbpambn tNcnXncn™t∏mƒ

_mhmI£nbpsS A\ntj[y t\Xmhv kn. sP. Ipcy\mbncp∂p.

kn. sP. Ipcy\v tIhew A©v hbp amXw ]mbap≈t∏mƒ

sIm®nbn¬ t]mbn ssd´tdmsSmØv Xmakw XpSßn. AhnsS

Xmakn®psIm≠mWv hnZym`ymkw \n¿∆ln®Xv. ssd´dpsS `mKn-

t\b\pw kn. sP. Ipcys‚ kahbkvI\pamb C. sP. tPmWpw

AhnsS Xmakn®p ]Tn®ncp∂p. sIm®nbnse ]T\Øn\p tijw Nmh-

°m´p≈ t_m¿Unßv kvIqfnepw AXns\ XpS¿∂v Xncph\¥]p-

cØpambncp∂p hnZym`ymkw. ChcpsS ]T\Øn\p th≠n ssd´¿

Xncph\¥]pcØv Hcp sIńSw hmßpIbp≠mbn. ][m\ \Kcß-

fnse√mw F√m kpJkuIcyßfpap≈ _w•mhpIƒ Ipcy≥

ssd´¿°v kz¥ambp≠mbncp∂p. Xncph\¥]pcØv Ipcy≥

ssd´dpsS XmakØn\pth≠n hmßnbXv ]pfnaqSn\p kao]ap≈

F¬. Fw. Fkv. hI sIńSamWv. ]n∂oSv Cu sIńSw F¬. Fw.

Fkv. Im¿°v Xncn®p sImSpØp. saSn°ptej≥ ]mkmb tijw

kn. sP. Ipcy\v ssd´dpsS \n¿t±i]Imcw ]T\w \n¿tØ≠n h∂p.

Xs‚ hyhkmb kwcw`Øn¬ Ipcys\°qSn ]¶mfnbm°pI

F∂Xmbncp∂p ssd´dpsS e£yw. ]nXrhys‚ BKl]Imcw

Aßs\ kn. sP. Ipcy\pw hyhkmb cwKØp h∂p. sIm®nbnepw

Nmh°m´pambn ]c∂p InS∂ hyhkmb kmamPyw `cn°phm≥

Du¿÷zkze\mb Ipcys\ e`n®Xv ssd´¿°v AXy¥w

Bizmk]Zambncp∂p. hyhkmbw, ]X]h¿Ø\w Ch IqSmsX

kapZmbImcyßfn¬ ]q¿Æambn apgpIn IgnbpI \nanØw Ipcy≥

ssd´¿ hniaw Fs¥∂dn™n√. Ipcy\pw ssd´dpambn D≠mbncp∂

]tXyIamb _‘Ønte°v shfn®w hoip∂ c≠p IØpIƒ

ChnsS D≤cn°s´. BZysØ IØv kn. sP Ipcy≥ Ipcy≥

ssd´¿°v Nmh°m´p \n∂pw 1060 CShw 22 ˛\p FgpXnbXmWv:

""Fs‚ ]nbs∏´ sIm®p∏m∏bv°v, Rm≥ ChnsS h∂n v A©mdp

ZnhktØmfambn. CtXhscbpw tImSXnbn¬ sIńshbvt°≠

]WØns‚ XpI CXsb∂v At\zjn°pIbmbncp∂p. IqSmsX

tXßm hnevt°≠Xnte°v BfpIsf BI¿jn°pIbpambncp∂p.

F∂m¬ BZy hn[nbpw, kvs]jy¬ hn[nbpw CtXhsc ChnsS

h∂nń√mØXn\m¬ ASbvt°≠ XpI CXsb∂v Xn´s∏-

181B\-∏m∏n

SpØphm≥ ]bmksa∂pw, h∂mepSs\ Xn´s∏SpØn Abbv°m-

sa∂pw C∂v tKmhnµtat\m≥ ]d™ncn°p∂p. aq∂p \mep Znhk-

Øn\Iw hcpsa∂pw ]d™ncn°p∂p. XpI GItZiw aq∂p tImS-

XnIfntebpw Nnehpƒs∏sS c≠mbncØnsbgp∂qdv Ddp∏nItbmfw

ImWpsa∂mWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. Xnádnbp∂Xn\v hn[n tIm¿ń-

te°p hcmsX s]mØphcnØw C√. hntijn®pw tXßm

hnevt°≠ Imcyw Rm≥ ChnSßfn¬ F∂p Xs∂b√m tIm´∏Sn,

]mhdń, ]mebq¿ apXemb ÿeßfnepw At\zjn®n v BbncØn\v

18, 18 1/2 Ddp∏nIbn¬ IqńsbSp°p∂ BfpIfn√. HcpØ\pw

C√mØXn\m¬ Rm≥ hfsc hyk\n®p. Ignbp∂nStØmfw

ChnsSbp≠mIp∂Xv Ign®v AhnsS \n∂pw hcpØp∂Xv F∂p

hcpInepw H∂m¥cw sIm´tØß 18 Ddp∏nI hnebv°v

hnev°p∂Xn\v Rm≥ hfsc aSn°p∂p. \mep amkw IqSn Ign™v

28 Ddp∏nI, 30 Ddp∏nI hne hbv°p∂ tXßmbmWv. AXn\m¬

GXphn[w sNøWsa∂pw Ddp∏nI Abbv°p∂ hnhcØn\pw DSs\

FgpXn Abbv°Ww. Fs‚ ]£w Ddp∏nI 2700 AhnsS \n∂pw

Xev°mew Ab®v hn[nISw ASbv°Wsa∂mWv. As√¶n¬ Bbnc-

Ønt∑¬ 10 Ddp∏nI \jvSap≠v. C\n AhnSpsØ CjvSwt]mse

]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\v Rm≥ Hcpßnbncn°pIbmWv.

]ns∂bpw sIm®p∏m∏≥ Idp∏v IpØI ]nSnbv°p∂Xntebv°v

Xncph\¥]pcØn\v t]mIp∂p F∂p tI´Xn¬ Rm≥ hfsc hyk-

\n°p∂p. Rm≥ AhnsS ]dbp∂Xn\v tbmKy\s√¶nepw Cu

hbpImeØv C\nbpw D≠mIm\ncn°p∂ _p≤napńt\bpw ]bm-

ktØbpw Ipdn®p amXw FgpXp∂XmWv. RßfpsS XmXv]cyw

\nßfn\nbpw kpJambnńcp∂v RßfpsS ]bXv\ßsf I≠v

kt¥mjn°pIbpw \nßƒ \SØnbXpw \SØp∂Xpw Bb

ÿnXnbn¬ Bdns\mtcmlcn \SØphm≥ ]m]vX∑m¿ As√¶nepw

tIƒhntZmjØn\nShcmsX \nßƒ Rßsf G¿s∏SpØnbncn-

°p∂Xpw G¿s∏SpØp∂Xpamb ImcymZnIƒ At\zjn®v \nßsf

kt¥mjn∏n®v A\pKlw hmßn°pIbpw sNøWsa∂mWv. AXp-

sIm≠v sIm®p∏m∏≥ IpØIbv°mbn´v ian®p t]mIp∂Xn¬

Rm≥ hfsc hyk\n°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ D≈ tPmenIƒ HXp°n

D≈XpsIm≠v am\tØmsS Ccn°p∂Xn\v ssZhw Xncpa\mbn´p-

≈t∏mƒ sIm®p∏m∏≥ C\nbpw _p≤napń \S°Wsa∂n√t√m.

sIm®p∏m∏≥ CtXhscbpw Hcp Znhksa¶nepw kmhImitØm-

SpIqSn Ccp∂p I™n IpSn® Znhkan√t√m. AXv buh\ImeØn¬

a\pw ico-chpw Hcp-an®v sNø-mhp∂ Ime-Øn¬ F∂p hnNmcn°mw.

182 B\-∏m∏n

F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Cu hbpImeØv a\v sN√p∂nSØv tZlw

sN√mØ ImeØn¬ henb `mcßƒ IgptØ¬ G‰v I™nbpw

sh≈hpw kpJambnńcp∂v IpSn°m≥ ]mSn√msX hcp∂Xn¬ Rß-

ƒ°v FXtbm hnjaap≠v. AXn\m¬ Ignbpsa¶n¬ IpØI ]nSn-

°msX t]mcWsa∂v Rm≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw AhnsS At]£n-

°p∂p. CXsbms° FgpXnbXv AhntSbv°v C\nbpw D≠mIp∂

_p≤napńt\bpw ]bmktØbpw Ipdn®p≈ Fs‚ at\mhyk\w

D≠mIsIm≠v apjn®n¬ hnNmcn°cpsX∂v Rm≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw

At]£n°p∂p. F\n°v tIm´bØp \n∂pw t]mcptºmƒ \me©p

Znhkw ]\nbmbn InS∂p t]mbn. AhnsS F√mhcpsSbpw icoc-

kpJØn\pw ]Wabbv°p∂ hnhcØn\pw Rm≥ \St°≠pw-

Iaßƒ°pw FgpXn Abbv°Wsa∂v At]£n°p∂p.''

Cu FgpØn\v Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ Ab® adp]Sn CXmWv: ""22˛\p

FgpXn Ab®Xpw 30˛\p tKmhnµtat\m≥ FgpXn Ab®Xpw C-

hnsS Inń Adn™p. Ipº\gnIØpImcpsS hn[nISØnte°v s\-

√mbn´pw \mfntIcambn´pw hn‰mse¥p In´psa∂v Xn´s∏SpØphm≥

t]mbn´p h∂ FgpØpIƒ sIm≠v a\n\v Hcp kam[m\hpamIp-

∂n√. B ISØntebv°v apX¬ AhnSw sIm≠p Xs∂ D≠mIp∂X-

√msX ChnsS D≠mIphm≥ ]bmkhpw D≠m°pI F∂p h®m¬

hnΩn´hpw \n\°v Ipdhpw F∂v ]dtb≠nbncn°p∂p. \ns‚ Imcy-

hnNmcØn¬ \n∂pw apXsem∂pw D≠mIp∂Xs√¶n¬ hkvXp

]Wbw sImSpØv taSn®v Imcyw \SØpIbpw Ccn∏p Nc°pw,

taem¬ D≠mIp∂ Nc°pw CXpIsf sIm≠v B hI ISw Xo¿Øv

hkvXp XncnsI hmßpIbpw sNøm\p≈ ISa \ns‚ taencn°p∂p.

ChnsS \n∂pw D≠m°n Ab∏m≥ ]dbp∂Xpw \n\°v Ffp∏w

Xs∂. tIm´bØv Bbn´pw ChnsS Bbn´pw D≈ _p≤nap´v

Adnhn√mØ Hcphs\t∏mse \o FgpXnbncn°p∂p. AhnSpsØ

Nc°p hn¬°p∂Xv Ign®v th≠n h∂m¬ ]tØm Bbnctam Ab-

bv°msa∂mbncp∂p t]mIptºmƒ ]d™Xns‚ XmXv]cyw.

AXpsIm≠v B hn[nISw Xo¿t°≠ NpaXe \ns‚ ta¬

h®ncn°p∂p. hkvXp ]WbsagpXp∂Xntebv°v Fs‚ ap‡nbm¿

cPnÃ¿ th≠p∂Xn\v ]I¿∏v Ab®m¬ Rm≥ H∏n´v cPnÃ¿

sNbvXv Ab®pXcmw. ISw hmßp∂ apX¬ Bdp amkØn\Iw

]ncnhpIfpw sIm≠pw a‰pw Xo¿°mat√m. CXv \ns∂s°m≠v

km[n°ptam C√tbm F∂v aS°Ø]m¬ am¿§w adp]Sn

Abbv°Ww.

183B\-∏m∏n

hn[n h∂ncp∂m¬ kwJybpw Adnbn°Ww. IpØI teeØn\v

tKmhnµtat\ms\ Ab®ncp∂p. c≠mgvNh´tØbv°v teew \n¿Øn

h®Xmbn FgpØpw Iºnbpw h∂p. tKmhnµtat\m≥ XncnsI FØn-

bn√. \º¿ C∂p hn[n°pw. hkvXphnt∑¬ NpaØnb√msX \ΩpsS

ta¬ ÿm]n®p hcpIbn√ (CXv BZysØ hń∏Wt°kn¬

Be∏pg Pn√bnse hn[nsb∏‰nbmWv). \ns‚ FgpØns‚ HSphn-

esØ mKw ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw hmbn®p. FgpØnse hmNI]pjv-

Snt]mse Imcyw \SØp∂ a°fp≠mbncp∂m¬ Rßƒ FX `m-

Kyap≈hcmbncps∂∂v amXw hnNmcn®v kam[m\s∏SpIbpw

RßfpsS XebnsegpXnb]Imcw cm]Ien√msX A≤zm\n®v \n-

ßsf kpJtØmsS CcpØmsa∂v Ddbv°pIbpw sNøp∂XpsIm≠v

ImcymZnIƒ°v hogvN IqSmsX \S°psa∂mWv Fs‚ A`n]mbw''

(1060 anYp\w 3).

(\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 231-˛235)

Ipcy≥ ssd´-dpsS kºmZyw

kn. sP. Ipcy≥ kz¥-am-°n-sb∂v!

""acWØn\p apºv ssd´¿ tPyjvT≥ Del∂m®\pambn hkvXp-

hIIƒ hoXn°p∂Xns\°pdn®v kwkmcn®ncp∂p. Ipcy≥ ssd´¿

kºmZn® kzØp°ƒ apgph\pw Del∂m®s‚ t]cn¬ Bbncp∂p.

kzØp°ƒ `mKw hbv°p∂ ImcyØn¬ Del∂m®≥ bmsXmcp

XmXv]cyhpw ImWn®n√. Xm≥ ]nXrXpeyw kvt\ln®ncp∂

tPyjvT≥ Del∂m≥ Xs‚ A`n]mbsØ \ncmIcn®Xnep≠mb

BLmXw At±lØn\p Xmßmhp∂Xn¬ IqSpXembncp∂p. Cu

BLmXamWv At±lØns‚ s]s´∂p≈ acWØn\v ImcWsa∂v

kwibn°mhp∂XmWv. kzØp°fpsS `mKw hbv]v Del∂m®s‚

acWw hscbpw (1905) \S∂ncp∂n√'' (\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c

Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 193-˛194)

Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ acn®v 90˛mw Znhkw At±lØns‚ ]Xv\nbpw

\ncymXbmbn. PohnXImeØp Xs∂ c≠p s]ä°tfbpw sIń-

®b®ncp∂p. GI]pX≥ Ip™q™n\v ]Xn\mev hbkv ]mbambn-

cp∂p. Ip™q™v AΩm®\mbncp∂ ]p∂≥ PUvPnbpsS H∏w Xma-

kn®v ]Tn°pIbmbncp∂p. ]nXmhp acn®Xns\ XpS¿∂v At±lw

]TnØw aXnbm°n A°c IpSpw_Øn¬ Xmakw XpSßn. 21 hb-

mbt∏mƒ At±lw I√S apXemfnbpsS ktlmZcn A°mΩsb

hnhmlw Ign®p. AXn\ptijw henb]dºnte°p Xmakw am‰n.

184 B\-∏m∏n

Xs‚ ]nXrktlmZc≥ acn°p∂Xp hscbpw ho´psNehn\p≈ hI

FØn®ncp∂p. ...

1905˛am≠v ]nXrktlmZc≥ acn®Xn\p tijw henb]dºn¬

]pcbnShpw, Xncp\°c Hcp sIńShpw Ip∂pw]pdØp≈ ÿehpw

]mShpw Ip™pIp™n\v CjvSZm\ambn sImSp°pIbp≠mbn

(\km-Wn-tI-kcn A°c Ipcy≥ ssd´¿, t]Pv 239, 242).

Ipcy≥ ssd´¿ kºm-Zn-®-Xn¬ \n∂v At±-l-Øns‚ aI\p Inń-

bXv CX-am-X-am-Wv. _m°n apgp-h\pw kn. sP. Ipcy\pw ktlm-Z-c-

ßfpw kz¥-am-°n-sb-∂mWv ssd´-dpsS a-I≥ Ipcy≥ sNdn-bms‚

Bdp- ]p-X-∑m-cn¬ \mem-asØ ]pX-\mb kn. tImc (]m∏-®≥)- bpsS

c≠m-asØ ]pX-\mb kn. sNdn-bm≥ cNn® Cu KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. ssd´-dpsS aI≥ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]pd-In¬ Dd®p

\n∂Xpw CXpw Iqń-t®¿Øv hmbn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmg-Ø-ßm-Sn-bnse

ap…o-ßƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ hcm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-

ta\n ssd´-dpsS aI≥ Ip™pIp™nt\mSv ]d™v Ah-cpsS t\Xm-

hns\ hcpØn kwkm-cn-°p∂ kw`hw Cu KŸ-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp-

≈Xv ImWp-I. 1087 Nnßw 22˛\v tIm´-bØv Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-

bn¬ IqSnb ae-¶c kpdn-bm\n InkvXym\n Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

Ip∂pw]pdØv Ipcy≥ sNdn-bms\ A¬am-b-S-Ãn-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-

Øp-sh-¶nepw At±lw B ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°msX h∂-Xns\ XpS¿-

∂mWv tIm -bØv Nnd-°-S-hn¬ tImcpf G_-lm-ans\ B ÿm\Øv

\nb-an-®-Xv.

I≈v, Id-∏v, I©mhv F∂n-h-bpsS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, ae-

_m¿ ]tZ-i-ß-fpsS IpØ-I°mc\m-bn-cp∂p Ipcy≥ ssd´¿

F∂mWv Poh-N-cnX KŸ-Øn¬ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXv ]q¿Æ-

ambpw icn-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Cu cmPy-ß-fnse Nne ]tZ-i-

ß-fpsS IpØI amX-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p. F¥m-

bmepw a\p-jys\ \in-∏n-°p∂ Chbn¬ \n∂pw Ipcy≥ ssd´dpw

kn. sP. Ipcy\pw kºm-Zn-®Xp apgp-h≥ ae-¶-c-k`m tIkv Ifn®v

\in∏n-®p.

h´t»cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS apS°v Xo¿Øp-sIm≠v Gen-bmkv

]mXn-b¿°okv Gen-bmkv am¿ bqen-tbm-kns‚ ssIbn¬ sImSp-

Øp-hn-ń-cp∂ Iev]\ sjm¿Wq¿ dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ h®v ]Ww

sImSpØv kn. sP. Ipcys‚ Hcp A\p-bmbn hmßn-®n-cp-∂p (ae-¶c

\km-Wn-Iƒ hmeyw 4, Fw.-H.-kn. ]Xn-∏v, 2015, t]Pv 424-˛425). Cu

Iev]\ Ipcys‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-ep-s≠∂pw AXv Imc-W-amWv

IpSpw_w \in-°m-\n-S-bm-b-sX∂pw ]_-e-amb ]d-®n-ep≠v.

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