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Adopt-A-StreamAdopt-A-StreamPhysical/Chemical TrainingPhysical/Chemical Training
Georgia Adopt-A-StreamGeorgia Adopt-A-Stream4220 International Parkway4220 International Parkway
Suite 101Suite 101Atlanta, Georgia 30354Atlanta, Georgia 30354
www.GeorgiaAdoptAStream.comwww.GeorgiaAdoptAStream.com404.675.6240404.675.6240
Georgia Adopt-A-StreamGeorgia Adopt-A-Stream
Program GoalsProgram Goals To increase public awareness about water quality & To increase public awareness about water quality &
nonpoint source pollutionnonpoint source pollution To give citizens the tools & training to protect their To give citizens the tools & training to protect their
watershedwatershed To encourage partnerships between citizens & local To encourage partnerships between citizens & local
governmentgovernment To collect quality baseline water quality dataTo collect quality baseline water quality data
What is it?What is it? Georgia’s volunteer water quality monitoring Georgia’s volunteer water quality monitoring programprogram
Quality Assurance Project PlanQuality Assurance Project Plan Quality Quality
Assurance Assurance Quality Control Quality Control (QAQC)(QAQC)
Only Only individualsindividuals are certifiedare certified
Certification is Certification is valid for valid for oneone year year
Volunteers’ methods and test kits must achieve results within 10% Volunteers’ methods and test kits must achieve results within 10% of those obtained by trainerof those obtained by trainer
Must sample at least monthly for one year and send the results to Must sample at least monthly for one year and send the results to GA AASGA AAS
In the field, monitors must take two samples. In the field, monitors must take two samples. These samples must be within 10% of each other. These samples must be within 10% of each other. If they are not within 10%, take another sample until If they are not within 10%, take another sample until two two samples are within 10%.samples are within 10%.
Reagents should be replaced annuallyReagents should be replaced annually
To Maintain QA/QC Status, To Maintain QA/QC Status, Volunteers Must …Volunteers Must …
What is a Watershed?What is a Watershed?
• A watershed is a system.
• It is the land area from which water, sediment, and dissolved materials drain to a common point along a stream, wetland, lake or river.
• For each watershed, there is a drainage system that conveys rainfall to its outlet.
• Its boundaries are marked by the highest points of land around the waterbody.
What Watershed are You in?What Watershed are You in?
Physical/Chemical MonitoringPhysical/Chemical Monitoring
Adopt-A-Stream recommends that at least four core Adopt-A-Stream recommends that at least four core measurements be taken:measurements be taken: TemperatureTemperature pHpH Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen
Physical/Chemical testing allows information to be Physical/Chemical testing allows information to be
gathered about gathered about specific water quality characteristicsspecific water quality characteristics
Adopt-A-Stream offers a separate bacteria monitoring Adopt-A-Stream offers a separate bacteria monitoring certification workshopcertification workshop
When and How Often?When and How Often?
Because water quality conditions change Because water quality conditions change on a daily basis, plan to sample regularly.on a daily basis, plan to sample regularly.
At least At least once a month once a month
Same time and locationSame time and location
Record weather conditionsRecord weather conditions
Recommendations on Where and Recommendations on Where and How to Collect SamplesHow to Collect Samples
Rinse glass tubes or containers twice Rinse glass tubes or containers twice with stream water before running testwith stream water before running test
Measure Measure air and water temperature air and water temperature in the shadein the shade, avoid sunlight, avoid sunlight
For an ideal stream location, take samples For an ideal stream location, take samples mid-stream and mid-depthmid-stream and mid-depth
TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE
Should be Should be measured in the shademeasured in the shade, away from direct , away from direct sunlight. sunlight. Air temperature should be taken before Air temperature should be taken before water temperature.water temperature.
Temperature relates directly to dissolved oxygen Temperature relates directly to dissolved oxygen levels. levels. The higher the temperature, the less The higher the temperature, the less oxygen the water can holdoxygen the water can hold. Also, life adapts to a . Also, life adapts to a narrow range of temperatures. Changes of only a few narrow range of temperatures. Changes of only a few degrees can affect the life in a stream.degrees can affect the life in a stream.
Temperature Temperature affects feeding, respiration, and affects feeding, respiration, and aquatic metabolismaquatic metabolism..
DISSOLVED OXYGENDISSOLVED OXYGEN
Needed for respiration for all aquatic lifeNeeded for respiration for all aquatic life
State Standards for DO levels:State Standards for DO levels:
Average of 5 mg/L (or ppm) for Georgia Average of 5 mg/L (or ppm) for Georgia streams and a minimum of 4 mg/Lstreams and a minimum of 4 mg/L
Average of 6 mg/L (or ppm) for trout Average of 6 mg/L (or ppm) for trout streams and a minimum of 5 mg/Lstreams and a minimum of 5 mg/L
Inversely related to temperature: Inversely related to temperature:
As temperature increases, DO decreasesAs temperature increases, DO decreases
As temperature decreases, DO increasesAs temperature decreases, DO increases
DISSOLVED OXYGENDISSOLVED OXYGEN
DO levels may DO levels may increaseincrease due to due to diffusion from the atmosphere, diffusion from the atmosphere, plant metabolism as a waste product of photosynthesis plant metabolism as a waste product of photosynthesis turbulent mixing (riffles)turbulent mixing (riffles)
DO levels may DO levels may decreasedecrease due to due to warm temperatures warm temperatures an overload of decaying organic matter (due to excess an overload of decaying organic matter (due to excess
nutrients)nutrients) slow moving, deep waterslow moving, deep water
pHpH
A measure of hydrogen ions (H+); aquatic A measure of hydrogen ions (H+); aquatic organisms are sensitive to pH fluctuationsorganisms are sensitive to pH fluctuations
0-14 scale; pure water has equal amount of H+ and 0-14 scale; pure water has equal amount of H+ and OH- ions and has a pH of 7OH- ions and has a pH of 7
Expected range in Georgia: Expected range in Georgia: 6-86-8
Some South Georgia waters may have pH Some South Georgia waters may have pH as low as low as 3.5as 3.5
pH values of some common substances:
Do you think that Aquatic Insects & Fish like to live in battery acid or bleach?
0.0 7.0 14.0
0.5 battery acid
2.0
lemon juice
5.9rainwater
7.0distilled water
8.0salt water
11.2ammonia
12.9
bleach
Where Do I Submit My Data?Where Do I Submit My Data?
• Data should be submitted to the state’s online database: www.GeorgiaAdoptAStream.org
• Share your data with partners, local governments and your local Adopt-A-Stream coordinators
Who Might Use My Data?Who Might Use My Data?
Local water departments, planners, or city councilsLocal water departments, planners, or city councils
Colleges, universities, and technical schools use data Colleges, universities, and technical schools use data in reportsin reports
Forestry services and environmental groups will use it Forestry services and environmental groups will use it for analyzing the equality of life in that area as well as a for analyzing the equality of life in that area as well as a reference for future studiesreference for future studies
Consulting agencies, local and state governmentConsulting agencies, local and state government
Just the FactsJust the Facts
•Raise awareness
•Provide tools and training
•Encourage partnerships
•Water quality data
ppm or mg/L
Dissolved Oxygen (temp., DO)
Once a month
mid-stream, mid-depth
Data – on-line database, local program, city & county government & municipality, partners, county commissioners, universities, others?
pH 6-8
As low as 3.5
Conductivity
The ability of water to carry a current.Is affected by mining, agriculture, sewage effluent, urban runoff.
Temperature – importance of, where to measure…
Dissolved Oxygen
• not lower than 4 with an average of at least 5 mg/L or ppm
Higher DO in the winter months
Excess Organic Matter
Causes a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels