ABB - Ykkös-ffsetOy, Vaasa “Guía Del Motor”, Automation Power Products. Ed ABB Motors; 2013

8/16/2019 ABB - Ykkös-ffsetOy, Vaasa “Guía Del Motor”, Automation Power Products. Ed ABB Motors; 2013

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Nuëc iae kjtjr

CGG Kjtjrs


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Ëbimha

36. Chhmjbckmabtjs iavaejhmici vcrmcgeas

36.3 Nabarce36.7 Hjbvartmijras

36.7.3 Hjbvartmijras imrahtjs

36.7.7 Hjbvartmijras mbimrahtjs36.8 Kjiuechmøb ia cbhlurc ia puesj (V^K)36.9 Imkabsmjbcr ae chhmjbckmabtj

- Xaeahhmøb iae kjtjr- Imsaój iae kjtjr- Xaeahhmøb iae hjbvartmijr

36.1 Hcrncgmemici (pcr)36.1.3 Kadjrcr ec hcrncgmemici

- Waormnarchmøb kãs aoahtmvc- Ometrjs

- Imsaój aspahmce iae rjtjr36.? Bmvae ia cmseckmabtj36.> Yjkc c tmarrc36.< Oubhmjbckmabtj c cetc vaejhmici

36.


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Ëbimha

?. . Mbstcechmøb y kcbtabmkmabtj>.3 Chaptchmøb ia ec abtranc

>.7 Hjkprjgchmøb ia ec rasmstabhmc ia cmseckmabtj>.8 Vcr ab ejs gjrbas

>.9 Qtmemzchmøb- Hjbimhmjbas ia trcgcdj

- Xanurmici- Vravabhmøb ia chhmiabtas

>.1 Kcbadj- Cekchabckmabtj- Yrcbspjrta

- Vasjs ia ejs kjtjras>.? Cbhecdas

>.?.3 Varbjs ia cbhecda>.> Cembackmabtj ia chjpea

>.>.3 Kjbtcr pjeacs y kmtcias ia chjpeckmabtj>.< Wcëeas tabsjras>.= Kjbtcda ia rjickmabtjs

>.36 Abnrcsa>.36.3 Kjtjras hjb rjickmabtjs

parkcbabtakabta abnrcscijs

>.36.7 Kjtjras hjb smstakc ia abnrcsa>.33 Nuëc ia bmvae ia ousmgeas

< . Ae Xmstakc Mbtarbchmjbce


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Ëbimha

- Ymakpj ia crrcbqua parkmtmij

- Orahuabhmc parkmtmic ia crrcbquas ambvarsmjbas ia kcrhlc

9.8.8 Hcrchtarëstmhcs ia crrcbqua9.8.9 Adakpejs ia rabimkmabtj ia crrcbqua

9.9 Ympjs ia sarvmhmj- Ympjs ia sarvmhmj ia X3 c X=9.1 Mbhrakabtj ia pjtabhmc9.? Wabimkmabtj9.> Ochtjr ia pjtabhmc

9.>.3 Hjkpabschmøb ia pjtabhmc9.>.7 _cejras ia ochtjr ia pjtabhmc

9.< Imcnrckcs ia hjbaxmøb

1 . Imsaój kahãbmhj

1.3 Hjbstruhhmøb ia hcrhcscs1.7 Hcdc ia gjrbas- Hjjrimbchmøb ia ecs hcdcs ia gjrbas y iaecs abtrcics ia hcgea

1.8 Wjickmabtjs- Iurchmøb iae rjickmabtj- Yckcój iae rjickmabtj- Imsaój ia rjickmabtjs pcrc kjtjras ia

ceukmbmj- Imsaój ia rjickmabtjs pcrc kjtjras ia

charj y ia oubimhmøb ia lmarrj- Ojtjnrcomc ia ec pruagc ia vmgrchmøb

1.9 Aqumemgrcij1.1 Yrctckmabtj ia ec suparomhma

? . Wumij?.3 Waiuhhmøb iae rumij?.7 Hjkpjbabtas sjbjrjs

- _abtmecijr- Wumij kcnbítmhj

?.8 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra y pjr ec astruhturc?.8.3 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra

?.8.7 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ec astruhturc?.8.8 Kjtjras ia gcdj rumij

?.9 Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc y bmvae ia pjtabhmc sjbjrc?.1 Ometrjs ia kaimhmøb?.? Gcbics ia jhtcvcs

- Cbãemsms ia gcbic ia jhtcvcs?.> Xarvmhmj ia hjbvartmijr

?.< Ouabtas ia sjbmij cimhmjbceas

vm


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Ëbimha

3 . Varome ia CGG3.3 Ae Nrupj CGG3.7 CGG Kjtjrs3.8 Nckc ia prjiuhtjs3.9 Hcemici, hartmomhcijs

3.1 Mbojrkchmøb ab sjpjrta imnmtce3.? Xmstakc ia stjh` habtrce

7 . Cljrrj ia Abarnëc y Kaimj Ckgmabta7.3 Nabarce7.7 Kjtjras hjb cljrrj ia abarnëc

7.7.3 Kjtjras pcrc ejs bmvaeas ia ec QA sjgrarabimkmabtj ia kjtjras

7.7.7 Kjtjras sanôb ejs raqumsmtjs iae AVCHY

7.7.8 _abtcdcs ia ejs kjtjras ia cetj

rabimkmabtj7.7.9 Cljrrj ia abarnëc. Avceuchmøb iae hmhejia vmic

7.7.1 Vrjnrckc ia nastmøb kaimjckgmabtce ia CGG7.8 MXJ 39663

8 . Bjrkcs8.3 Mbtrjiuhhmøb nabarce8.7 Xabtmij ia rjtchmøb8.8 Waormnarchmøb

8.9 Nrcijs ia prjtahhmøb4 Høimnj MV / Høimnj [email protected] Nckcs ia tabsmøb astãbicr- Eatrcs ia høimnj pcrc ecs nckcs ia tabsmøb- Kjtjras pcrc jtrcs tabsmjbas

8.? Yjearcbhmcs8.> Vjsmhmjbas ia kjbtcda

- Bjrkcs mbtarbchmjbceas, kjbtcda MK- Adakpejs ia pjsmhmjbas ia kjbtcda kãs

hjrrmabtas8.< Yckcójs y bjrkcs ia pjtabhmcs

9 . Imsaój aeíhtrmhj9.3 Cmseckmabtj9.7 Yakparcturcs ckgmabta y nrcbias cetmtuias

- Vjtabhmc parkmtmic ab takparcturcs

ckgmabta aeavcics j c nrcbias cetmtuias

9.8 Kjtjras ia crrcbqua- I.J.E- Crrcbqua ]/I9.8.3 Crrcbhcijras sucvas

9.8.7 Ymakpj ia crrcbqua

v


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mv


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Nuëc iae kjtjr4 Mbojrkchmøbtíhbmhc gãsmhc ia kjtjras ia

mbiuhhmøb ia gcdc tabsmøb

Cutjkct mjb VjwarVrjiuhts

CGG Kjtjrs sa rasarvc ae iarahlj ia aoahtucr hckgmjs ab ae imsaój, abecs aspahmomhchmjbas tíhbmhcs y ab ecs imkabsmjbas, smb pravmj cvmsj.

Xa parkmta ec mkprasmøb j ec raprjiuhhmøb pcrhmceas, pravmj chuarij.

MXGB =17-=3-6>7


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mm


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Nuëc iae kjtjr

m


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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.3 Ae nrupj CGG

CGG4 Qb eëiar kubimce ab mbnabmarëc aeíhtrmhc

CGG as ub nrupj ia mbnabmarëc aeíhtrmhc ia hjb ub vjeôkab ia 81.666 kmeejbasia iøecras, qua prastc sus sarvmhmjs ab ecs ãracs ia nabarchmøb, trcbskmsmøb y

imstrmguhmøb ia abarnëc, cutjkjhmøb, patrøeaj, ncs y prjiuhtjs patrjquëkmhjs, yab ecs ia sarvmhmjs ombcbhmarjs y ia hjb-trctchmøb. Hracij ab 3=


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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.3 Ae nrupj CGG

kcbarc ia var ecs hjscs y lakjs pcscij ia ec scec iae hjbsadj c ec scec ia

prjiuhhmøb. C astj as c ej qua eeckckjs ―abojqua c hemabta‛, as iahmr, quaprmkarj gushckjs huãeas sjb ecs bahasmicias ia buastrjs hemabtas, iaspuís ecsaxckmbckjs y, sm as bahascrmj, hckgmckjs ec kcbarc ia trcgcdcr pcrc pjiar

sctmsocharecs. Ia astc kcbarc lakjs ciqumrmij buavcs lcgmemicias y, ce kmskjtmakpj, lakjs cukabtcij ec kjtmvchmøb y ec raspjbscgmemici mbimvmiuce. Ae

abojqua c hemabta lc kadjrcij irãstm-hckabta buastrc prjpmc aomhmabhmc, ej hucesmnbmomhc qua buastrjs hemabtas lcb pjimij njzcr hjb kuhlc kãs rcpmiaz ia ubc

tahbjejnëc buavc y kãs aomhcz.

Yrcbsoarabhmc ia tahbjejnëc

Ec hjkgmbchmøb ia ecs hcpchmicias nejgceas y ia ecs jparchmjbas ejhceascutøbjkcs a mbimvmiuceas joraha c CGG ubc vabtcdc smb mnuce ab ec hrachmøb iatahbjejnëcs kãs aomhchas ab tjij ae kubij. Mbiapabimabta-kabta y kaimcbtadjmbt vabturas, ocgrmhckjs kuhljs ia buastrjs prj-iuhtjs ab ejs pcësas ijbia sa

vabiab, hjbtrctckjs ejs kadjras tceabtjs ia ec zjbc, rahjbvartmkjs ecs ouarzcsia trcgcdj yc axmstabtas y hjecgjrc-kjs kuy astrahlckabta hjb ejs njgmarbjs

ejhceas pcrc ojkabtcr ae cukabtj ia ec axpjrtchmøb y ecs ncbcbhmcs ab hcpmtceaxtrcbdarj.

Yahbjejnëc mbbjvcijrc y emiarcznj

Ae hjkprjkmsj ia CGG hjb ec hcemici mbheuya ae hjkprjkmsj ia suk-mbmstrcr csus hemabtas ejs prjiuhtjs y ejs sarvmhmjs kãs cvcbzcijs, omcgeas y ia kcyjrrabimkmabtj abarnítmhj.

Buastrj hjkprjkmsj pcrc ec mbvastmnchmøb y ae iascrrjeej tmaba ub pcpaemkpjrtcbta ab asta cspahtj, ej huce quaic raoeadcij ab buastrj prasu-puastjcbuce pcrc M+I iae >,? % ia ejs gabaomhmjs.

Qb =6% iae prasupuastj tjtce ia M+I sa mbvmarta ab cpemhchmjbas ia karhcij

mbkaimctcs y prãhtmhcs. Astc nrcb mbvarsmøb sa racemzc ab prjnrc-kcs iambvastmnchmøb mbtarbchmjbceas, ej huce supjba cehcbzcr buavjs bmvaeas iaprjiuhtmvmici y chaearcr ec hrachmøb ia ejs prjiuhtjs ia ec buavc nabarchmøb abbuastrcs 16 ãracs hjkarhmceas.

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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.7 CGG Kjtjrs

CGG Kjtjrs as eëiar kubimce ab ec ocgrmhchmøb ia kjtjras ia mbiuhhmøb ia gcdctabsmøb, hjb kãs ia hmab cójs ia axparmabhmc y hjb ubc prasab-hmc ab kãs ia 396pcësas ab tjij ae kubij. CGG sukmbmstrc ubc ckpemc vcrmaici ia kjtjrasaeíhtrmhjs tcbtj ab cetarbc hjkj ab hjbtmbuc, ab gcdc y cetc tabsmøb, pcrc pjiarsctmsochar ecs bahasmicias ia ec kcyjrëc ia ecs cpemhchmjbas, prãhtmhckabta ab

hucequmar pjtabhmc.

Ae axtabsj hjbjhmkmabtj ia CGG Kjtjrs raspahtj c ecs cpemhchmjbas iae hemabta

bjs parkmta sjeuhmjbcr prjgeakcs aspahëomhjs mbimvmiuceas j sukmbmstrcrkjtjras imsaócijs c kaimic pcrc hucequmar prjyahtj, smb mkpjrtcr echjkpeadmici j ecs axmnabhmcs.

Buastrjs prjiuhtjs sa iastchcb pjr su rabimkmabtj, rjgustaz y omcgmem-ici0raprasabtcb ec joartc kãs ctrchtmvc imspjbmgea ab ae karhcij. Nrchmcs cehjkprjkmsj ia CGG ia sukmbmstrcr ub sarvmhmj y ub cpjyj ce hemabta smb mnuce,

CGG Kjtjrs joraha c sus hemabtas ejs kaimjs pcrc kadjrcr smnbmomhctmvckabta su vabtcdc hjkpatmtmvc.

Asta nrcb vcejr astã raspceicij pjr ec rai ia sarvmhmj ce hemabta ia CGG Kjtjrsc ashcec kubimce, ec huce ncrcbtmzc ub rãpmij sukmbmstrj, ubc rãpmic raspuastc,ub cpjyj ejhce y ubc csmstabhmc pjstvabtc.

CGG Kjtjrs huabtc hjb habtrjs ia prjiuhhmøb ab Imbckcrhc, Ombecbimc, Mtcemc,Aspcóc, Xuahmc, Mbimc y Kíxmhj, ciakãs ia ubc djmbt vabtura ab Hlmbc. Hcic ubcia aeecs huabtc hjb ub hjkpeatj stjh` ia kjtjras y ia pmazcs suaetcs, raspceicijpjr ae stjh` habtrce ia Aurjpc, ab Ceakcbmc, y ae stjh` habtrce ia Csmc, ciakãs ia

bukarjsjs pubtjs ia imstrmguhmøb.

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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.8 Nckc ia prjiuhtjs

KJYJWAX AXYÃBICWKjtjras ia ceukmbmj

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3. Ae parome ia CGG


KJYJWAX CGMAWYJX C VWQAGC IA NJYAJ MV 78

716

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3. Ae parome ia CGG


KJYJWAX IA OCXA ÔBMHC

?8

>3


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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.9 Hcemici, hartm omhcijs

Yjics ecs ubmicias ia prjiuhhmøb ia CGG Kjtjrs ab Aurjpc astãbhartmomhcics sanôb ec bjrkc ia hcemici MXJ =663.

Yjijs ejs kjtjras ia CGG sa mbspahhmjbcb y sa pruagcb pcrc csanurcrsa ia quabj tmabab iaoahtjs y ia qua prasabtcb ae imsaój y ecs hcrchtarëstm-hcs ia

rabimkmabtj iasacijs..

Vruagcs ia rutmbc

Astc mbspahhmøb sa eeavc c hcgj ab tjijs ejs kjtjras. Ab aeec sa hjk-pruagcqua ae kjtjr pjsaa ec rjgustaz aeíhtrmhc bahascrmc y qua su rabimkmabtjkahãbmhj y aeíhtrmhj as sctmsochtjrmj.

Mbspahhmøb tmpj

Ec mbspahhmøb tmpj sa racemzc ab ubj j kãs kjtjras pcrc iakjstrcr qua ecshcrchtarëstmhcs y ecs oubhmjbas iae imsaój astãb ab hjbsjbcbhmc hjb ecsaspahmomhchmjbas iae ocgrmhcbta. Ec mbspahhmøb tmpj hugra ec mbspah-hmøb y ecspruagcs ia4

oubhmjbckmabtj aeíhtrmhj y kahãbmhj rjgustaz aeíhtrmhc y kahãbmhc hceabtckmabtj y rabimkmabtj hcpchmici ia sjgrahcrnc jtrcs hcrchtarëstmhcs aspahmceas iae kjtjr

3>


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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.9 Hcemici, hartm omhcijs

Mbspahhmøb ceactjrmc

Xanôb chjricij ab ae kjkabtj ia racemzcr ae paimij, ae hjkprcijr puaiasaeahhmjbcr ub hmartj bôkarj ia kjtjras ia ub paimij aspahëomhj hjb ae omb iaeeavcr c hcgj ubc mbspahhmøb y ubcs pruagcs kãs iatceec-ics, smkmecras abhjbtabmij c ecs ia mbspahhmøb tmpj. Ae rastj ia kjtjras sa sjkatab c ecs pruagcsia rutmbc.

Mbspahhmøb pcrc varsmjbas aspahmceas ia kjtjras

Ejs kjtjras qua iagcb sar utmemzcijs c gjrij ia guquas karhcbtas j ab ãracspjtabhmcekabta axpejsmvcs iagab sjkatarsa c ubc mbspahhmøb y c ubcs pruagcs

cimhmjbceas, sanôb sa aspahmomhc ab ejs raqumsmtjs ia ec abtmici hecsmomhcijrchjrraspjbimabta j ab ecs bjrkcs bchmjbceas j mbtarbchmjbceas.

Mbojrkas ia pruagcs

C patmhmøb iae hemabta sa akmtmrãb ejs mbojrkas hjb ejs vcejras ia rabimkmabtjnabarceas ia ejs kjtjras hjkprcijs, dubtckabta hjb ubc hjpmc iae mbojrka iaec mbspahhmøb y ia ecs pruagcs.

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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.1 Mbojrkchmøb ab sjpjrta imnm tce

Axmsta ec pjsmgmemici ia jgtabar ubc saeahhmøb ia ejs hartmomhcijs ia cprjgchmøbia imvarscs cutjrmicias mbtarbchmjbceas c trcvís ia ec wag ia CGG Kjtjrs4

www.cgg.hjk/kjtjrs

Ab ec wag ia CGG Kjtjrs abhjbtrcrã buastrc Gcsa ia ictjs hjbmbojrkchmøb tíhbmhc pcrc ae hemabta, ubc gmgemjtahc hjkpeatc hjbmbojrkchmøb tíhbmhc sjgra ec nckc ia CGG Kjtjrs.

Vcrc vmsucemzcr ec mbojrkchmøb søej lcy qua lchar ub hemh sjgra ec Gcsa ia ictjshjb mbojrkchmøb tíhbmhc ab ec pãnmbc iae prjiuhtj ia ec wag. Yckgmíb as pjsmgeahcrncr ejs ijhukabtjs tíhbmhjs imrahtckabta ab ubc vcrmaici ia ojrkctjs.

C pcrt mr ia ec gcsa ia ictjs as pjsmgea tabar chhasj c4

Chhasjrmjs4 mbojrkchmøb iatceecic ia ecs jphmjbas ia kjtjrasimspjbmgeas.

Imgudjs asquakãtmhjs ab HCI, ejs huceas sa puaiab hjpmcr prãhtmhc-kabta chucequmar smstakc ia CutjHci. Hartmomhcijs ia cprjgchmøb4 ubc saeahhmøb ia ejs hartmomhcijs chtuceas

prjhaiabtas ia imvarscs cutjrmicias ia tjij ae kubij.

Iahecrchmjbas ia hjbojrkmici, hjb imrahtrmhas ia tabsmøb, hcemomhc-hmjbasia ec HA, ath.

Mbstruhhmjbas sjgra ecs kãqumbcs, imspjbmgeas ab smata mimjkcs. Kcbtabmkmabtj4 mbojrkchmøb aspahëomhc c kabuij bj mbheumic ab ejs

hctãejnjs, hjkj, pjr adakpej, bjrkcs aspahmceas sjgra høkj cekc-habcr ejs

kjtjras iurcbta ecrnjs parëjijs ia tmakpj.

3=


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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.1 Mbojrkchmøb ab sjpjrta imnm tce

Imsaójs ia ecs imkabsmjbas ia ejs kjtjras4 ubjs 3866 imsaójs iaimkabsmjbas ia ejs kjtjras, mbheuyabij tckcój y ejbnmtui ia ecshcrhcscs, tcbtj pcrc kjtjras astãbicr hjkj pcrc kjtjras ia ãracsaxpejsmvcs ab tjijs ejs tmpjs ia kjtjras.

Vcrtas suaetcs.

Ec wag ia CGG Kjtjrs sa chtucemzc hjb ranuecrmici y sa ckpeëchjbtmbuckabta.

HI-WJK

Yckgmíb astãb imspjbmgeas ab HI-WJK4

Hctãejnjs ia kjtjras hjkpeatjs

Imgudjs asquakãtmhjs ab HCI Imgudjs ia ecs imkabsmjbas Vrjnrckc ia saeahhmøb ia kjtjras

Ae prjnrckc ia saeahhmøb ia kjtjras bj astã imspjbmgea ab buastrc wag. Xmbakgcrnj, as pjsmgea jgtabar ae HI-WJK ab hucequmarc ia ecs jomhm-bcs ia vabtcia CGG Kjtjrs kãs harhcbc.

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3. Ae parome ia CGG

3.? Xmstakc ia stjh` habtrce

Ab 3= CGG Kjtjrs cgrmøub buavj cekchíb tjtcekabta cutjkctmzcij harhc ia Kabiab, Ceakcbmc. Ecsbuavcs mbstcechmjbas jorahab ub aspchmj ia cekchabckm-abtj cimhmjbce ia 3166

k7 y >666 buavcs ugmhchmjbas pcrc pceatcs pcrc ejs 3166 crtëhuejs ab stjh` y=6.666 prjiuhtjs cekchabcijs.

Ae cekchabckmabtj rjgjtmzcij lc raiuhmij ae tmakpj ia prjhasckmabtj, ej hucelc parkmtmij lchar abvëjs ab ae kmskj iëc. Ae stjh` habtrce ia Aurjpc astãcgmartj ecs 79 ljrcs ce iëc y ejs > iëcs c ec sakcbc, ej huce parkmta abtrancsrãpmics ab smtuchmjbas ia akarnabhmc.

Chtucekabta, ae HXA astã mbvmrtmabij tckgmíb ab ub buavj smstakc iatrctckmabtj ia ejs paimijs hjb ae omb ia kadjrcr tjij ae prjhasj. Qbc sjeceeckcic pjr taeíojbj j ub ocx c hucequmar jomhmbc ia vabtc ejhce ia CGG iccljrc chhasj c ubc ia ecs raias ia csmstabhmc y ia chhasj ia vabtc jb-emba kãs

aomhmabtas pcrc ecs patmhmjbas ia stjh` y pcrc ae prjhasckmabtj ia paimijs.

rocstãpmij - stcbicrisarvmhmjsiaemvabtrancrysarvmhasastãbicr- jbecsmstabhmcbasceasiasuppjrtvabtc jb-emba

omcgearaemcgea - =


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Aecljrrj

ka

jck

abta

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7. Ae cljrrj ia abarnëc y ae kaimj ckgmabta

7.3 Nabarce

Ab ec hukgra kubimce haeagrcic ab @mjtj, Dcpøb, ab Imhmakgra ia 3==>, 11

pcësas iae kubij chaptcrjb mbtrjiuhmr kaimics pcrc raiuhmr ecs akmsmjbas y

astcgmemzcr ae kaimj ckgmabta nejgce.

Ejs 8< pcësas mbiustrmcemzcijs chaptcrjb raiuhmr ae bmvae ia akmsmjbas ia ncsas

raspjbscgeas iae aoahtj mbvarbciarj prjiuhmijs ab 3==6 c ubc kaimc iae 1%

abtra ejs cójs 766< y 7637. Ciakãs, ec Qbmøb Aurjpac sa lc hjkprjkatmij c

raiuhmr sus akmsmjbas ab ub % y Dcpøb ab ub ?%.

Hecsas iaAoomabhyrabimkmabtjHecssas ‘ Chuarij-AQ/HAKAVQA/HAKAVcnraakiabtJhtugramb =


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7.7 Kjtjras hjb cljrrj ia abarnëc

Ejs kjtjras raprasabtcb ceraiaijr ia ub ?1% iae hjbsukj ia ec abarnëc

aeíhtrmhc pcrc cpemhchmjbas mbiustrmceas. Ae cljrrj ia abarnëc iapabia ia ec

pjtabhmc iae kjtjr, ec hcrnc y ecs ljrcs ia oubhmjbckmabtj. Vjr ej tcbtj, ejs

kjtjras hjb ub cetj bmvae ia rabimkmabtj puaiab iascrrjeecr ub pcpae kuy

smnbmomhctmvj ab ec raiuhhmøb ia akmsmjbas ia HJ7.Ec nckc K7666 ia CGG Kjtjras astã imsaócic pcrc sctmsochar ecs buavcs

chtmtuias iae kubij lchmc ub rabimkmabtj abarnítmhj y ub cetj rabimkmabtj ia

ejs kjtjras. Ae rabimkmabtj jparctmvj nabarce ia astjs kjtjras supjba ub

cvcbha aspahtchuecr lchmc ae hukpemkmabtj ia ejs raqumsmtjs ia ejs njgmarbjs ia

tjij ae kubij axprascijs ab ec Hukgra ia @mjtj.

Ecs mbiustrmcs tckgmíb puaiab hjecgjrcr rahmhecbij kctarmcs prmkcs hjkj aepeãstmhj y ae ceukmbmj. Astj raiuhmrã ec aeahtrmhmici bahascrmc pcrc prjiuhmr

imhljs kctarmceas iasia su astcij hruij (patrøeaj y ceukmbmj kmbarce,

raspahtmvckabta).

7.7.3 Kjtjras pcrc ejs bmvaeas ia ec QA sjgra rabimkmabtj ia kjtjras

CGG as ubj ia søej ub puócij ia eëiaras ia Aurjpc ab ec ocgrmhchmøb ia

kjtjras hjb ubc nckc ia kjtjras qua hukpeab j sjgrapcscb ejs rabimkmabtjs

këbmkjs astcgeahmijs pjr ae bmvae kãs cetj ia ejs chuarijs ia ec AQ ab raechmøb cejs kjtjras ia gcdc tabsmøb. Astjs bmvaeas ia rabimkmabtj sa cpemhcb c ejs

kjtjras ia mbiuhhmøb trmoãsmhjs hjb dcuec ia crimeec, ia 7 y 9 pjejs, pcrc 966 _,

16 Lz, hjb sarvmhmj hecsa X3 y hjb ubc pjtabhmc ia 3,3 - =6 `^, ej huce supjba ae

vjeukab kãs mkpjrtcbta iae karhcij.

7.7.7 Kjtjras sanôb ejs raqumsmtjs iae AVCHY

Ec rahmabtakabta kjimomhcic chtc ia pjeëtmhc abarnítmhc ckarmhcbc y iahjbsarvchmøb, iabjkmbcic nabarcekabta AVCHY, astcgeaha qua ejs kjtjras

aeíhtrmhjs ia ec nckc 6.> - 316 `^ (3 ‘ 766 lp), ocgrmhcijs j mkpjrtcijs c ejs

Astcijs Qbmijs j c Hcbciã, iagab hukpemr ejs bmvaeas ia rabimkmabtj axmnmijs

pjr ec eay.

Ec ckpemc nckc ia prjiuhtjs ia CGG Kjtjrs prasabtc kjtjras qua

hukpeab hjb astjs raqumsmtjs.

7?


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7.7.8 _abtcdcs ia ejs kjtjras ia cetj rabimkmabtj

Qb kjtjr hjb cetj rabimkmabtj abarnítmhj prjiuha ec kmskc pjtabhmc ia scemic

parj bahasmtc kabjs pjtabhmc aeíhtrmhc cgsjrgmic (`^) qua ub kjtjr ia

rabimkmabtj astãbicr. Asta kcyjr rabimkmabtj sa hjbsmnua utmemzcbij hlcpc

kcnbítmhc kãs iaencic y ia kcyjr hcemici ab ae astãtjr pcrc raiuhmr ecs pírimics

ab ae lmarrj, y kãs hjgra ab ecs rcburcs pcrc raiuhmr ecs pírimics M7W. Ejs kjtjras

hjb cetj rabimkmabtj abarnítmhj tckgmíb raiuhab ecs pírimics pjr vabtmehmøb y

pjr imsparsmøb (sukc ia pírimics).

Axmstab tras astãbicras prmbhmpceas ia pruagcs ia rabimkmabtj4 MAH 89-7 (AQ),

MAAA 337-3==3 (QXC) y DAH 8> (Dcpøb). Ec imoarabhmc prmbhmpce as qua MAAA

337 kmia ecs pírimics tjtceas kaimcbta ub kítjij imrahtj, pjr ej qua joraha ejs

vcejras ia pírimics kãs gcdjs. MAH 89-7 as ub kítjij mbimrahtj qua hjbsmiarc

qua ecs pírimics cimhmjbceas sjb iae 6,1%, ej huce supjba ub bmvae mboarmjr ce ia

ecs pírimics raceas pcrc ejs kjtjras paquaójs. MAH 8> tckgmíb as ub kítjij

mbimrahtj qua hjbsmiarc qua ecs pírimics cimhmjbceas sjb harj, pjr ej qua joraha

ejs vcejras kãs cetjs.

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7.7.9 Cljrrj ia abarnëc. Avceuchmøb iae hmhej ia vmic

Ec avceuchmøb iae hmhej ia vmic puaia kjstrcr c ejs imsaócijras høkj jgtabar

vabtcdcs kaimjckgmabtceas ab sus prjiuhtjs. Ec tcgec ia cgcdj hjkpcrc ijs

kjtjras aeíhtrmhjs astãbicras ia 33 `^ ia imsaójs imstmbtjs. Ae kjtjr C astã

ocgrmhcij pjr CGG y ae kjtjr \ as ia ub hjkpatmijr. Vcrc ec ocgrmhchmøb iae

kjtjr ia CGG sa bahasmtc kãs hjgra y kãs lmarrj qua pcrc ae kjtjr G, parj

astj lcha qua tabnc ub kcyjr rabimkmabtj ab su oubhmjbckmabtj. As iahmr, qua

utmemzc kabjs aeahtrmhmici qua ae kjtjr \ iurcbta su tmakpj ia vmic.

Hjb ub oubhmjbckmabtj ia .=>< `^/l.

Hjb ub rabimkmabtj iae =3,3 %, ub kjtjr ia CGG pariarã ae < `^/l. Ec tcgec kuastrc ejs cspahtjs kaimjckgmabtceas ia astjs

ijs kjtjras, gcscbijsa ab sus pírimics, ec ocgrmhchmøb y ae =? % iae rahmhecda.

Avceucij sanôb ae asquakc AVX, ae mkpchtj kaimjckgmabtce iae kjtjr C as ub

73% mboarmjr.

Cspahtjs kaimjckgmabtceas Kjtjr ia CGG Kjtjr \33 `^ 33 `^

Wabimkmabtj =3 % 6 76,?=6

Ncs (`n) 7,6>6 7,?76

Vatrøeaj (`n) 8,796 9,6=6

Charj y jtrjs kctarmceas (`n) 87 7=Akmsmjbas (`n) ?9,7><

Vjrhabtcda ia HJ7 =< =<

Ëbimha tjtce ia AVX3)


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7.8 Vrjnrckc ia nastmøb kaimjckgmabtce ia CGG

Hjb sus prjoubics rcëhas ejhceas, ae scgar lchar tahbjeønmhj nejgce y ae

hjkprjkmsj pcrc ec trcbsoarabhmc ia tahbjejnëc, CGG racemzc ubc hjbtrmguhmøb

kuy mkpjrtcbta pcrc jgtabar ub iascrrjeej sjstabmgea c bmvae kubimce.

Ae Vrjnrckc ia Nastmøb Kaimjckgmabtce ia CGG as ubc pcrta mkpjrtcbta ia

buastrc raspuastc pcrc prjkjvar ub iascrrjeej sjstabmgea. CGG lc omrkcij ec

Hcrtc Hjkarhmce pcrc ae Iascrrjeej Xjstabmgea ia ec Hãkcrc ia Hjkarhmj

Mbtarbchmjbce (HHM) y sa lc hjkprjkatmij c hukpemr ejs raqumsmtjs astcgeahmijs

ab imhlc hcrtc.

Hjkj prjvaaijr nejgce ia sjeuhmjbas abarnítmhcs, CGG as raspjbscgea ia eeavcr c

hcgj chtmvmicias qua imrahtc j mbimrahtckabta adarhab ub mkpchtj sjgra ae kaimj

ckgmabta. Buastrj jgdatmvj kaimjckgmabtce as ae ia emkmtcr j, sm as pjsmgea,

aemkmbcr ae mkpchtj qua buastrj banjhmj adarha sjgra ae kaimj ckgmabta nejgce,

kaimcbta ec raiuhhmøb ia ecs akmsmjbas, ae rahjrta ia ejs iasahljs y ec kadjrc ia

ec utmemzchmøb ia ejs rahursjs. Asta jgdatmvj ia nrcb cehcbha ctcóa c hcic ubj ia

ejs cspahtj ia buastrj banjhmj.

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Bjrk

cs

8


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8. Bjrkcs

8.8 Waormnarchmøb

Ae oeudj y ec vaejhmici

iae cmra abtra ecs ceatcs

ia ec hcrhcsc iagab

sctmsochar hjkj

këbmkj ecs hmorcs

_aejhmici y oeudj iae cmra4Ceturc ada B´ pjejs _aejhmici Oeudj

iae cmra k/s iae cmra k8/s

?8 7 7 6.3?9 3 6.6>< 6.1 6.68

>3 7 7.1 6.73

9 3.1 6.36? 3.6 6.6>< 6.>1 6.6?

< 3.? 6.39

366 7 >.1 6.?=9 9.1 6.97? 8 6.71

< 7.1 6.3=337 7 33 6.6319 > 6.636? > 6.636< > 6.636

387 7 37 6.719 = 6.76? < 6.31< < 6.31

3?6 7 33 6.819 < 6.71? ? 6.76< 8 6.36

3 6.81

716 7 36 6.119 37 6.?1? = 6.91< ? 6.86

7.? 6.819 >.3 6.89? .1 6.96< 1.1 6.86

811 7 33 6.>19 3> 3.9? 33.1 3.6<

966 7 36 6.=9 31 3.1

? 36.1 3< < 6.>

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8. Bjrkcs

8.8 Waormnarchmøb

Kjtjras smb vabtmecijr, ia hjbojrkmici hjb MH 936, gcdj iakcbic..

Nckc ia CGG Kjtjrs 4Iasmnbchmøb ia raormnarchmøb Nckc ia kjtjras, tckcój ia hcrhcsc ?8-966

MH 936 Adakpejs tëpmhjs sjb ejs kjtjraspcrc hckmbjs ia rjimeejs

MH 933

MH 93?

MH 93<

Kjtjras astãbicr

Kjtjras astãbicr (Nabarcekabtaejs tckcójs kãs nrcbias astãbsøej aqumpcijs hjb ub vabtmecijrcuxmemcr)

Kjtjras hjb cpemhchmøb iavabtmecijr smb vabtmecijr ia

raormnarchmøb, raormnarcijs kaimcbtaec hjrrmabta ia cmra ia ec kãqumbcqua chhmjbcb.

MH 63 Kjtjras cgmartjs

MH 83 ^ Kjtjras hjb raormnarchmøb pjrcnuc

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8. Bjrkcs

8.9 Nrcijs ia prjtahhmøb4 Høimnj MV / Høimnj M@

Ec hecsmomhchmøb ia ejs nrcijs ia prjtahhmøb prjpjrhmjbcijs pjr ejs hmarras

ia ecs kãqumbcs ia rjtchmøb sa gcscb ab4

- Astãbicr MAH 89-1 j AB ?617= pcrc ae høimnj MV- Astãbicr AB 16367 pcrc ae høimnj M@

Vrjtahhmøb MV4

Vrjtahhmøb ia parsjbcs pcrc avmtcr qua abtrab ab hjbtchtj (j sa charquab) c

ecs pcrtas køvmeas y pcrc avmtcr ae hjbtchtj hjb ecs pcrtas køvmeas iae mbtarmjr

iae kjtjr. Yckgmíb sa raomara c ec prjtahhmøb iae kjtjr hjb raspahtj c ec

abtrcic ia jgdatjs søemijs axtrcójs y hjb raspahtj ce aoahtj icómbj

prjiuhmij pjr ec abtrcic ia cnuc.

MV 1 1

Eatrc hcrchtarëstmhc

Nrcij ia prjtahhmøb c ecs parsjbcs y c ecs pcrtas mbtarbcs iae kjtjr74 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc jgdatjs søemijs kcyjras ia 37 kk94 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc jgdatjs søemijs kcyjras ia 3kk14 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc ae pjevj

Nrcij ia prjtahhmøb prjpjrh mjbcij pjr ae hmarra

ab raechmøb c ejs aoahtjs icómbjs iagmij c ec abtrcic ia cnuc84 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc vcpjr ia cnuc94 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc njtcs ia cnuc14 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc hljrrjs ia cnuc?4 Kjtjras prjtanmijs hjbtrc cnuc kcrmbc

Høimnj M@4

Hecsmomhchmøb ia ejs nrcijs ia prjtahhmøb ia ejs kjtjras tjtcekabtaharrcijs hjb raspahtj c mkpchtjs kahãbmhjs axtarbjs.

M@ 61

Vrjtahhmøb kahãbmhc mbtarbchmjbce

Nrupj hcrchtarëstmhj

Waechmøb abtra ae høimnj M@ y ec abarnëc ia mkpchtj

Høimnj M@ M@ 66 M@ 63 M@ 67 M@ 68 M@ 69 M@ 61 M@ 6? M@ 6> M@ 6< M@ 6= M@ 36

Mkpchtj *) 6.31 6.7 6.81 6.1 6.> 3 7 1 36 76Abarnëc Kjtjras

DuemjsCGG

astãbicr

*) Xmb prjtahhmøb, ia chuarij hjb AB 16367

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8. Bjrkcs

8.1 Nckcs ia tabsmøb astãbicr

CGG puaia sukmbmstrcr c tjij ae karhcij mbtarbchmjbce. Vcrc pjiar sctmsochar

ejs raqumsmtjs ia abtranc ia ejs hemabtas, ejs prjiuhtjs ia CGG Kjtjrs astãb

imsaócijs pcrc oubhmjbcr ab ubc ckpemc nckc ia tabsmjbas. Ejs høimnjs X y I

hugrab ec kcyjr nckc ia tabsmjbas ab tjij ae kubij.

As pjsmgea jgtabar jtrcs nckcs ia tabsmøb gcdj paimij.

CGG Kjtjrs joraha ecs smnumabts nckcs ia tabsmøb

Crrcbqua imrahtj j, hjb hjbaxmøb I, tckgmíb crrcbqua ]/I

Yckcój XZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ IZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

kjtjr 16 Lz ?6 Lz 16 Lz ?6 Lz?8-366 776-796 _ 8


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8. Bjrkcs

8.1 Nckcs ia tabsmøb astãbicr

Kjtjras pcrc jtrcs tabsmjbas

Ejs kjtjras gjgmbcijs pcrc ubc tabsmøb iatarkmbcic c 16 Lz tckgmíb

puaiab utmemzcrsa pcrc jtrcs tabsmjbas. Ae rabimkmabtj, ae ochtjr ia pjtabhmc y

ec vaejhmici sa kcbtabirãb cprjxmkcickabta mnuce.

Ejs vcejras ncrcbtmzcijs astãb imspjbmgeas gcdj iakcbic.

Kjtjr gjgmbcij

pcrc 786 _ 966 _ 166 _ ?=6 _

Hjbahtcij 776 _ 786 _ 8


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8. Bjrkcs

8.? Yjearcbhmcs

Wabimkmabtj Wabimkmabtj Ochtjr ia Mbtabsmici Vcr rjtjr VcrAoomhmabhy Aoomhmabhy Vjwar ochtjr Ejh`ai rjtjr Ejh`ai rjtjr Vuee-up

pjr sapcrchm b pjr pruagc pjtabhmc rjtjr gejquacij gejquacij k bmkjgy sukkctmjb gy mbput-

hurrabt tjrqua tjrqua

ia p rimics abtrcic-scemicejssas jutput tast

VB (`^) 16 -31% (3- ξ)) -31% (3- ξ)) -3/? (3-hjs ϑ)) +76% -31% +71% -31%

VB (`^) 216 -36 % (3- ξ)) -31% (3-)ξ) -3/? (3-hjsϑ)) + 76% -31% +71% -31% -

KjkabtjKjkabtiambarhmcjoMbartmc BmvaeBjmsaiaeavaerumij

VB (`^) 16 36% +8 iG(C)

VB (`^) 216 36% +8 iG(C)

Xe pIasemzckmabtj

VB (`^) 53 86%

VB (`^) 3 76%

Yjearcbhas cra mb chhjricbha wmtl MAH 89-3 cbi gcsai jb tast prjhaiura mb chhjricbha wmtl MAH 89-7. Ecs tjearcbhmcshukpeab ec bjrkc MAH-89 y astãb gcscics ab ae prjhaimkmabtj ia pruagcs ia chuarij hjb

MAH-89-7.

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8. Bjrkcs

8.> Vjsmhmjbas ia kjbtcda

Bjrkcs mbtarbchmjbceas

Vjsmhmjbas ia kjbtcda MK

Adakpej ia iasmnbchmøb sanôb Høimnj MM

MK 3 66 3

Iasmnbchmøb pcrc ae kjbtcdambtarbchmjbce

Ympj ia hjbstruhhmøb, kjtjrhjb pctcs, hjb ijs ashuijs gr mic

Vjsmhmøb ia kjbtcda ljrmzjbtce hjbpctcs ab ec pcrta mboarmjr, ath.

Xcemic ia ada axtarbc, scemicia ada hmeëbirmhc, ath.

Adakpejs ia pjsmhmjbas ia kjbtcda kãs hjrrmabtas

Høimnj M MK G8 MK _1 MK _? MK G? MK G> MK G<Høimnj MM MK 3663 MK 3633 MK 3683 MK 3613 MK 36?3 MK 36>3

Kjtjr hjbpctcs

Høimnj MHøimnj MMKjtjr hjbgrmic.Grmic nrcbiahjb cnudarjsia omdchmøb

pcscbtas. .

Høimnj MHøimnj MMKjtjr hjbgrmic.Grmic paquaóchjb cnudarjsia omdchmøb

rjshcijs..

*) Bj astcgeahmij ab MAH 89->

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8. Bjrkcs

8.< Yckcójs y bjrkcs ia pjtabhmc

C hjbtmbuchmøb prasabtckjs ae imgudj ia tckcój kãs hjrrmabta,

imspjbmgea ab hctãejnjs, ab HI-WJK y ab ec pãnmbc wag.

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8. Bjrkcs


Xëkgjejs pcrc ejs tckcójs kãs orahuabtas4

C ; imstcbhmc abtra ejs habtrjs ia ejs cnudarjsia omdchmøb (vmstj iasia ae ecij chjpea)

G ; imstcbhmc abtra ejs habtrjs ia ejs cnudarjsia omdchmøb (vmstj iasia ae ectarce)

G ; imstcbhmc abtra ejs habtrjs ia ejs cnudarjsia omdchmøb cuxmemcras

H ; imstcbhmc iasia ae rasceta iae ada ab ae ecij

chjpea lcstc ae habtrj ia ejs cnudarjs iaomdchmøb ia ec pctc kãs prøxmkc

I ; imãkatrj ia ec scemic ia ada ab ae ecijchjpea

A ; ejbnmtui ia ec scemic iae ada iasia aerasceta lcstc ae axtrakj iae ada

O ; cbhlurc iae hlcvatarj iasia ec scemic iaeada ce ecij chjpea

NC ; imstcbhmc iasia ec pcrta suparmjr ia echlcvatc c ec suparomhma jpuastc ia ecscemic ia ada ab ae ecij chjpea

L ; imstcbhmc iasia ae habtrj iae ada lcstc ec

pcrta mboarmjr ia ecs pctcs

LI ; imstcbhmc iasia ec pcrta suparmjr iaehãbhckj, ec hcdc ia gjrbas j ec pcrta kãsscemabta kjbtcic ab ec pcrta suparmjr iaekjtjr lcstc ec pcrta mboarmjr ia ecs pctcs

@ ; imãkatrj ia ejs cnudarjs ia omdchmøb jcbhlurc ia ecs rcburcs ab ecs pctcs iaekjtjr

E ; ejbnmtui tjtce iae kjtjr hjb ubc ôbmhcscemic ia ada

K ; imãkatrj ia ejs cnudarjs ia omdchmøb ia ecgrmic

B ; imãkatrj iae abhcstaV ; imãkatrj axtarmjr ia ec grmic j, ab hcsj ia

parome bj hmrhuecr, ae ijgea ia ec imkabsmøbrcimce kãxmkc

X ; imãkatrj ia ejs cnudarjs ia omdchmøb ab aekjbtcda ia ec grmic j imãkatrj bjkmbce iaec rjshc.

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8. Bjrkcs


t c

e c i r j s

r j

s h c j s

a a r a b h c

g r m

i c

t c e c i r j s

p c s c b a s

< p j

e j s

? p j

e j s

9 p j

e j s

j a b h c

b j k

m b c

e ( @ ^ )

7 p j

e j s

9 , ? , <

p j

e j s

k a r j

i a e c s c e m i c i a e a d a k k

7 p j

e j s

c k

c j

k j t j r

h c r h c s c s i a e 1 ? c e 8 3 1 K .

k j t j r a s t j t c e k a b t a h a r r c i j

s i a d c u e c i a c r i m e e c c 1 6 L z , a b t

c k c ó j i a

i m v a r s j s n r c i j s i a p r j t a h h m ø b y i a t c k c ó j s . A s t a i j h u k a b t j m b h e u y a e j s

a e t c k c ó j i a e c s o m d c h m j b a s y e c

s i m k a b s m j b a s i a e c s c e m i c i a a d a , p c r c

i c t j s s j g r a e c p j t a b h m c b j k m b c e y a e k j b t c d a , a s i a h m r , e c c e t u

r c i a e a d a ,

A e i j h u k a b t j i a c r k j b m z c h m ø b i a H A B A E A H , L

I 7 8 3 , a s t c g e a h a e j s

9?


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ImsaójAeíhtrmhj

'

9


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9. Imsaój Aeíhtrmhj

9.3 Cmseckmabtj

CGG Kjtjrs utmemzc smstakcs ia cmseckmabtj hecsa O, ec huce, hjb ub cukabtj ia

takparcturc G, as chtucekabta ae raqumsmtj kãs orahuabta ia ec mbiustrmc.

Xmstakc ia cmseckmabtj hecsa O Yakparcturc ckgmabta kãxmkc 96´ H Mbhrakabtj ia takparcturc kãxmkj parkmsmgea 361 @ Kcrnab ia takparcturc eëkmta + 36 @

Mbhrakabtj hecsa G Yakparcturc ckgmabta kãxmkc 96´ H Mbhrakabtj ia takparcturc kãxmkc parkmsmgea


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9.7 Yakparcturcs ckgmabta / nrcbias cetmtuias

Ycgec ia pjtabhmc parkmtmic ab takparcturcs ckgmabtaaeavcics j c nrcbias cetmtuias.

Ejs kjtjras gãsmhjs astãb imsaócijs pcrc oubhmjbcr c ubc takparcturc

ckgmabta kãxmkc ia 96´ H y c ubc cetmtui kãxmkc ia 3666 katrjs pjr abhmkciae bmvae iae kcr. Xm ub kjtjr iaga oubhmjbcr c takparcturcs ckgmabta kãs

aeavcics, nabarcekabta iagarëc raiuhmrsa su pjtabhmc sanôb ec tcgec smnumabta.

Wjnckjs tjkab bjtc ia qua hucbij sa raiuha ec pjtabhmc ia scemic ia ub

kjtjr astãbicr, ejs vcejras raectmvjs ia ejs hctãejnjs, hjkj ejs raoarabtas c

MX/MB, tckgmíb vcrmcrãb.

Yakparcturc ckgmabta, ´ H 86 96 91 16 11 ?6 >6 366 =?,1 =8 =6


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9.8 Kjtjras ia crrcbqua

Crrcbqua ]/

Xm as bahascrmc ubc imskmbuhmøb ia ec mbtabsmici ia crrcbqua ia ub kjtjr

iagmij c emkmtchmjbas ia ec cemkabtchmøb, puaia utmemzcrsa ae kítjij ]/I.

Hjb asta kítjij, ub kjtjr, pjr adakpej, iavcbcij c 966 _I y puastj abkcrhlc hjb ae iavcbcij hjbahtcij ab ],

raiuhmrã ec mbtabsmici ia crrcbqua ab ub 86% iae vcejr pcrc crrcbqua imrahtj

y ae pcr ia crrcbqua quaicrã raiuhmij c ub 71% iae vcejr ia crrcbqua imrahtj.

Xmb akgcrnj, cbtas ia utmemzcr asta kítjij, as bahascrmj prmkarj iatarkmbcr

sm ae pcr raiuhmij iae kjtjr as suomhmabta pcrc chaearcr ec hcrnc pcrc tjics ecs

nckcs ia ec vaejhmici.

Wjnckjs hjbtchtab hjb su jomhmbc ia vabtcs kãs prøxmkc pcrc jgtabar ae

prjnrckc ia hãehuej KjtXmza .

Crrcbqua ]/ Crrcbqua imrah tj (I.J.E)

_aejhmici (r/kmb)

Adakpej axtrcëij iae prjnrckc ia hãehuej KjtXmza, ae

huce kuastrc ecs hurvcs ia crrcbqua imrahtj (3. pcr ia

crrcbqua c Qb, 7. Vcr ia crrcbqua c


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9.8.3 Crrcbhcijras sucvas

Qb crrcbhcijr sucva emkmtc ec mbtabsmici ia crrcbqua prjpjrhmjbcbij ce kmskj

tmakpj ub crrcbqua ubmojrka. Ec kcnbmtui ia ec mbtabsmici ia crrcbqua

iapabia imrahtckabta iae pcr astãtmhj ia crrcbqua axmnmij iurcbta ub crrcbqua y

ia ec kcsc ia ec hcrnc qua iagc sar chaearcic. Nabarcekabta ae crrcbqua sucva

cljrrc abarnëc pjrqua cicptc hjbtmbuckabta ec tabsmøb iae kjtjr c ecsaxmnabhmcs ia hcic kjkabtj, aspahmcekabta hucbij ae kjtjr oubhmjbc hjb ubc

hcrnc emnarc.

Ab ae crrcbhcijr sucva ia CGG, ae hmrhumtj prmbhmpce sa hjbtrjec kaimcbta

sakmhjbiuhtjras ab euncr ia kaimcbta hjbtchtjs kahãbmhjs. Hcic ocsa hjbstc ia

ijs tmrmstjras hjbahtcijs ab cbtmpcrceaej, ej huce parkmta hckgmcr ec mbtabsmici ab

hucequmar pubtj tcbtj iurcbta ejs kaimjs hmhejs pjsmtmvjs hjkj ejs banctmvjs.

Ae tmakpj ia crrcbqua sa hjbtrjec kaimcbta ae ãbnuej ia abhabimij iae tmrmstjr,ae huce, c su vaz, as hjbtrjecij pjr ae hmrhumtj mkprasj mbhjrpjrcij.

Hurrabt YjrquaMbtabsmici Vcr

Crrcbqua imrahtj CrrcbquaI.J.E imrahtjI.J.E

]/ ]/ ]/

]/ Crrcbqua sucva Crrcbqua sucva

Xjot stcrt Xjot stcrt

Ejs crrcbhcijras sucvas raiuhab

tcbtj ec mbtabsmici hjkj ae pcr

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9.8.7 Ymakpj ia crrcbqua

Orahuabhmc parkmtmic ia crrcbquas a mbvarsmjbas ia kcrhlc

Hucbij ub kjtjr sa va sjkatmij c crrcbquas orahuabtas, bj sa ea puaia hcrncr

hjb su pjtabhmc bjkmbce pjrqua lcy qua tabar ab huabtc ecs pírimics tírkmhcs ia

crrcbqua ab ejs iavcbcijs. As pjsmgea hcehuecr ec pjtabhmc ia scemic parkmtmic cpcrtmr iae bôkarj ia crrcbquas pjr ljrc, iae kjkabtj ia ec mbarhmc ia ec hcrnc y

ia ec vaejhmici ia ec hcrnc. Ejs asouarzjs kahãbmhjs tckgmíb puaiab mkpjbar

eëkmtas pjr iagcdj ia ejs ia ejs ochtjras tírkmhjs.

Vjtabhmc ia scemic parkmtmic V ; V 3 ‘ k/kj

VB ; pjtabhmc bjkmbce iae kjtjr ab sarvmhmj hjbtmbujK ; x. (DK + D” D / DK )x ; bôkarj ia crrcbquas pjr ljrc

DK ; kjkabtj ia mbarhmc iae kjtjr ab `nk7

D” D ; kjkabtj ia mbarhmc ia hcrnc ab `nk7, rahcehuecij pcrc ae ada iae kjtjr, as

iahmr, kuetmpemhcij pjr (vaejhmici ia hcrnc/vaejhmici iae kjtjr)7. Ae

kjkabtj ia mbarhmc D (`nk7 ) as mnuce c 3/9 NI7 ab `nk7

kj ; bôkarj kãxmkj parkmtmij ia crrcbquas pjr ljrc pcrc ub kjtjr smb

hcrnc, sanôb sa mbimhc ab ec tcgec ia ec iarahlc.

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9.8.8 Hcrchtarëst mhcs ia crrcbqua

Nabarcekabta ejs hctãejnjs astcgeahab ub tmakpj ia crrcbqua kãxmkj ab

oubhmøb iae tckcój iae kjtjr y ia ec vaejhmici. Xmb akgcrnj, cljrc axmsta ubc

axmnabhmc astcbicrmzcic ab MAH 89-37 qua aspahmomhc ejs kjkabtjs ia mbarhmc

parkmtmijs ia ec kãqumbc chhmjbcic ab euncr iae tmakpj ia crrcbqua. Vcrc

kjtjras paquaójs, ae asouarzj tírkmhj as kcyjr ab ae iavcbcij iae astãtjr,

kmabtrcs qua pcrc ejs kjtjras nrcbias, as kcyjr ab ae iavcbcij iae rjtjr.

Hjbjhmíbijsa ecs hurvcs iae pcr iae kjtjr y ia ec hcrnc, ae tmakpj ia crrcbqua

sa puaia hcehuecr mbtanrcbij ec ahuchmøb smnumabta4

YK ‘ YE ; (DK + DE ) x (iύ/it )

ijbia4

YK ; pcr iae kjtjr, Bk YE ; pcr ia hcrnc, Bk

K

; kjkabtj ia mbarhmc iae kjtjr, `nk7

; kjkabtj ia mbarhmc ia hcrnc, `nk7Eύ ; vaejhmici cbnuecr iae kjtjr

Ab hcsj ia abnrcbcda, YK y DE iagab sustmtumrsa pjr Y”E y D”E ,raspahtmvckabta.

Hjbjhmíbijsa ae pcr ia crrcbqua YX y ae pcr kãxmkj Ykcx iae kjtjr, dubtj

hjb ec bcturceazc ia ec hcrnc, ae tmakpj ia crrcbqua puaia hcehuecrsacprjxmkcickabta hjb ec smnumabta ahuchmøb4

tst ; (DK + DE ) x (@ 3 / Ychh )

ijbiat

st ; tmakpj ia crrcbqua, s

Ychh ; pcr ia chaearchmøb, Bk

@ 3 ; ia chuarij hjb ec tcgec smnumabta4

_aejhmiciXpaai pjeasVjejs OraquabhyOrahuabhmc

Hjbstcbtahjbstcbt 7 9 ? < 36 Lzbk 8666 3166 3666 >16 ?66 16@3 839 31> 369 >< ?7bk 8?66 376 ?6@3 8>> 31

1?


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9.8.8 Hcrchtarëst mhcs ia crrcbqua

Ae vcejr kaimj pcrc YK

YK ; 6,91 x (YX + Ykcx )

chh ; YK - @ E x YE

@ E puaia jgtabarsa ia ec tcgec smnumabta4

Chhmjbckmabtj _abt mecijr Gjkgc ia pms tøb _jecbta iacshabsjr mbarhmc

@E 3 3/8 6.1 6

Adakpejs iae prjnrckc ia hãehuej ia tmakpj ia crrcbqua

HcrncHmhej ia

Ympj ia hcrnc4 Gjkgc j vabtmec ijr X3 j hjbt.sarvmhmj

Mbarhmc iahcrnc D4

Mbarhmc raechmøb iakãxmkc D4 raiuhtjras

Hjbimhmøb ia Orëj Hcemabtacrrcbqua

Wasuetcijs iacrrcbqua

Ymakpj ia

crrcbqua (s)

_aejhmici(r/kmb)

_aejhmici (r/kmb)

Ab hcsj ia abnrcbcda abtra ae kjtjr y ec kãqumbc chhmjbcic, ae pcr ia hcrnc

iaga rahcehuecrsa sanôb ec vaejhmici iae kjtjr kaimcbta ec oørkuec smnumabta4

bE

Y'E; Y

Ex

bK

Yckgmíb lcy qua rahcehuecr ae kjkabtj ia mbarhmc hjb4

b 7 D'

E

; DE

x

( bE )K

1>


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9.8.9. Adakpejs ia rabimkmabtj ia crrcbqua

Adakpejs ia crrcbqua hjb imstmbtjs pcras ia hcrnc

Kjtjr ia 9 pjejs, 3?6 `^, 39>1 r/kmb

Vcr iae kjtjr4

YB

; 3696 Bk

YX ; 3,> x 3696 ; 3>?< Bk

Ykcx ; 7,< x 3696 ; 7=37 Bk

Kjkabtj ia mbarhmc iae kjtjr4 DK

Ec hcrnc sa raiuha ab ubc prjpjrhmøb ia 347

Vcr ia hcrnc4

YE ; 3?66 Bk c bE ; bK /7 r/kmb

Y” E

; 3?66 x ;


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9.8.9. Adakpejs ia rabimkmabtj ia crrcbqua

Adakpej 74

VmstjbYE ; 3?66 Bk Y”E ; ?< + 7=37) ‘ 38 x 6? Bk

tst ; (DK + D”E ) x (@3 / Ychh )

tst ; 77,1 x (31>/3>6?) ; 7,3 s_abtmecijr ( )

Adakpej 84

YE ; 3?66 Bk Y”E ;


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9.9 Ympjs ia sarvmhmj

V B W

YmkaJba iuty hyh`ea

Ymakpj (hmhej ia ub sarvmhmj)

X8, Xarvmhmj mbtarkmtabta

Xahuabhmc ia hmhejs ia sarvmhmj miíbtmhjs, ab ec qua hcic ubj hjbstc ia ub parëjij

ia oubhmjbckmabtj c hcrnc hjbstcbta y ub parëjij ia rapjsj ab astcij

iashjbahtcij. Ae hmhej ia sarvmhmj as iakcsmcij hjrtj pcrc cehcbzcr ae aqumemgrmjtírkmhj. Ec mbtabsmici ia crrcbqua bj coahtc ce hceabtckmabtj ia ojrkc

smnbmomhctmvc.

Ejs vcejras rahjkabicijs pcrc ae ochtjr ia iurchmøb iae hmhej sjb 31, 71, 96 y

?6 %. Ec iurchmøb ia ub hmhej ia sarvmhmj as ia 36 kmbutjs. Adakpej ia

iasmnbchmøb4 X8 71%

Ochtjr ia iurchmøb ia hmhej ; B

x 366%

B+WJba iuty hyhea

hmhej ia ub sarvmhmjV

I B W YmakpjYmka( )

X9, Xarvmhmj mbtarkmtabta hjb crrcbqua

Xahuabhmc ia hmhejs ia sarvmhmj miíbtmhjs, ab ec qua hcic ubj hjbstc ia ub

parëjij ia crrcbqua smnbmomhctmvj, ub parëjij ia oubhmjbckmabtj c hcrnc

hjbstcbta y ub parëjij ia rapjsj ab astcij iashjbahtcij.

Ae tmakpj iae hmhej as iakcsmcij hjrtj pcrc cehcbzcr ae aqumemgrmj tírkmhj. Ab

asta tmpj ia sarvmhmj ae kjtjr as eeavcij ce astcij ia rapjsj pjr ec hcrnc j pjr ae

orabcij kahãbmhj, pjr ej qua ae kjtjr bj sa hcrnc tírkmhckabta.

?3


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Jba iuty hyheaV hmhej ia ub sarvmhmj

Ymka

Ymakpj (

)

I B O3 B7 O7 B8

X96r/kmb 86%?6 `^ 39?6r/kmb 86%

91 `^ =


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V

VB

YmkaYmakpj ( )

X= Xarvmhmj hjb vcrmchmjbas bj parmøimhcs ia ec hcrnc y ia ec vaejhmici

Xarvmhmj ab ae huce, nabarcekabta, ec hcrnc y ec vaejhmici tmabab ubc vcrmchmøb bj

parmøimhc iabtrj iae kcrnab ia oubhmjbckmabtj parkmtmij. Asta sarvmhmj

prasabtc hjb orahuabhmc sjgrahcrncs qua puaiab axhaiar ckpemckabta ejs

vcejras ab peabc hcrnc. Vcrc asta tmpj ia sarvmhmj, ae hjbhaptj ia sjgrahcrnc

iagarëc gcscrsa ab vcejras ciahucijs ia peabc hcrnc.

9.1 Mbhrakabtj ia pjtabhmc

Iagmij ce kabjr cukabtj ia ec takparcturc iae kjtjr ab ub parëjijs gravas

j ab sarvmhmj mbtarkmtabta, nabarcekabta as pjsmgea paimr ubc pjtabhmc kãs

aeavcic ce kjtjr ab astjs tmpjs ia sarvmhmj qua ab ae sarvmhmj hjbtmbuj. Ecs

tcgecs c hjbtmbuchmøb sjb ub adakpej ia aeej4

Xarvmhm j parmjij Vjejs Vjtabhmc parkmtmic ab % ia ec pjtabhmc bjkmbce ab X3,grava, sarvmhmj hjbtmbuj pcrc kjtjras tckcój4X7 ?8-366 337-716 7 336?, < 331 361 336

?1


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9.>.3 Hjkpabschmøb ia pjtabhmc

Xm ub kjtjr ia ijs vaejhmicias hjb iavcbcijs mbiapabimabtas prasabtc ubc

hjkpabschmøb ia pjtabhmc ab ckgjs iavcbcijs, ejs hjbiabscijras bj iagarëcb

parkcbahar hjbahtcijs hjb ae iavcbcij qua bj sa utmemzc.

Ab hmartcs hmrhubstcbhmcs, astjs hjbiabscijras puaiab prjvjhcr ub

cukabtj iae hceabtckmabtj iae iavcbcij y pjsmgeakabta tckgmíb

vmgrchmøb.

Xa utmemzc ec oørkuec smnumabta pcrc hcehuecr ae

tckcój (pjr ocsa) ia ub hjbiabscijr pcrc

ubc orahuabhmc prmbhmpce ia 16 Lz4

H ; 8.7 . 36? .S

Q7

ijbia H ; hcpchmtcbha, ±OQ ; hcpchmtjr vjetcna, _

S ; rachtmva pjwar, `vcr.

Ec pjtabhmc rachtmvc sa jgtmaba kaimcbta ec

oørkuec4

S ; @. V

Vξ

ijbia @ ; hjbstcbta ia ec tcgec ia ec

iarahlc

V ; pjtabhmc bjkmbce iae kjtjr, `^ξ ; rabimkmabtj iae kjtjr

hjs d @Hjsϑ smb Hjbstcbta @

w t jutHjkpab-

hjkpab-Hjkpabschmøb ce hjsϑ ;s ch m b

sctmjb Hjkpabsctmjb tj hjs d ;6.=1 6.=6 6.66.>3 6.??8 6.16> 6.8>7 6.7936.>7 6.?81 6.98 6.?6< 6.917 6.83? 6.3


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ImsaójK

ahãbmhj

1


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1. Imsaój Kahãbmhj


1.3 Ympjs ia hcrhcsc

Ejs kjtjras kjiarbjs tjtcekabta harrcijs ia dcuec ia crimeec sa abhuabtrcb

imspjbmgeas ab ubc vcrmaici ia hcrhcscs ia ceukmbmj, charj y oubimhmøb ialmarrj y ab kjtjras cgmartjs c pruagc ia njtaj ab hcrhcscs ia charj pcrc

imstmbtcs tmpjs ia cpemhchmøb.

Ympj ia hcrhcsc

AXYÃBICW 1? ?8 >3


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1.7 Hcdc ia gjrbas

Ecs hcdcs ia gjrbas sa abhuabtrcb gmab ab ec pcrta suparmjr iae kjtjr j ab

hucequmarc ia ejs ectarceas iae kjtjr.

Yckcój kjtjr Hcdc ia gjrbasy kctarmce hcrhcsc Vcrta suparm jr Iarahlc Mzqumaric

?8-33

oubimhm øb ia lmarrj Astãbicr - -


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1.7 Hcdc ia gjrbas

Hjjrimbchmøb ia ec hcdc ia gjrbas y ia ecs abtrcics ia hcgea

Xm ab ae paimij bj hjbstc bmbnubc aspahmomhchmøb ia hcgeas, sa csuka qua sarãb

hcgeas hjb cmseckmabtj pvh y qua ejs gjrbas sa sukmbmstrcrãb sanôb ec tcgec quacpcraha c hjbtmbuchmøb.

Gcdj paimij sa puaiab sukmbmstrcr imsaójs imstmbtjs ce astãbicr, sanôb ecs

tcgecs smnumabtas.

Hjjrimbchmøb ia ec hcdc ia gjrbas y ia ecs abtrcics ia hcgea pcrc kjtjras ia charj y iaoubimhmøb ia lmarrj

Yckcój Cgarturc Abtrcic ia Hjbaxmøb kãx. Yckcój hmarrahcgea Ãrac ia hcgea Hu gjrbas

>3 cnudarjs rjshcijs 7 x Vn 33 ? kk7 K9


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1.8 Wjickmabtjs

Bjrkcekabta ejs kjtjras astãb aqumpcijs hjb rjickmabtjs ia ubc sjec lmearc

ia gjecs ia rcburc prjoubic. Ec iasmnbchmøb hjkpeatc ia ejs rjickmabtjs sa

mbimhc ab ec pechc ia hcrchtarëstmhcs ia ec kcyjrëc ia kjtjras.

Xm ae rjickmabtj iae ecij chjpea iae kjtjr sa sustmtuya pjr ub rjickmabtj ia

rjimeejs BQ- j BD-, sa pjirãb sjpjrtcr ouarzcs rcimceas suparmjras. Ejs

rjickmabtjs ia rjimeejs sjb aspahmcekabta ciahucijs pcrc chhmjbckmabtjs

pjr hjrracs.

Hucbij lcy nrcbias ouarzcs cxmceas, iagarëcb uscrsa rjickmabtjs ia gjecs ia

hjbtchtj cbnuecr. Astc varsmøb astã imspjbmgea gcdj iakcbic. Ce sjemhmtcr ub

kjtjr hjb rjickmabtjs ia hjbtchtj cbnuecr, as bahascrmj aspahmomhcr ae tmpj ia

kjbtcda y ec imrahhmøb y ec kcnbmtui ia ec ouarzc cxmce.

Vcrc iatceeas kãs aspahëomhjs sjgra ejs rjickmabtjs, rjnckjs hjbsuetab ejs

hctãejnjs iae prjiuhtj raspahtmvjs.

Iurchmøb iae rjickmabtj

Ec iurchmøb bjrkce E36 ia ub rjickmabtj sa iaomba, sanôb MXJ, hjkj ae

bôkarj ia ljrcs ia oubhmjbckmabtj qua ae =6% ia ejs rjickmabtjs miíbtmhjs

prjgcijs lcb cehcbzcij j axhaimij gcdj hmartcs hjbimhmjbas praiatarkmbcics. Ae

16% ia ejs rjickmabtjs tmabab ubc iurchmøb ia, hjkj këbmkj, hmbhj vahas astc

hmorc.

Yckcój iae rjickmabtj

Ec omcgmemici as ae hrmtarmj prmbhmpce pcrc ae imsaój iae tckcój iae rjickmabtj,

tabmabij ab huabtc ejs tmpjs ia cpemhchmjbas kãs orahuabtas, ec hcrnc y ae tckcójiae kjtjr. CGG utmemzc rjickmabtjs ia ecs sarmas ?8, tjijs aeejs hjb ub imsaój

rjgustj pcrc jorahar ubc kcyjr iurchmøb y ubc kcyjr hcrncgmemici. Ejs

rjickmabtjs ia ecs sarmas ?7 prasabtcb bmvaeas ia rumij gcdjs, vaejhmicias

kãxmkcs aeavcics y gcdcs pírimics.

>>


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1.9 Aqumemgrcij

Ec vmgrchmøb sa axprasc ab kk/s, rks, y sa

kmia ab vchëj hjb ae kjtjr sjgra ub

sjpjrta aeãstmhj . Xa prahmsc ub k crnab ia

kaimh møb ia 36 c 3666 Lz.

>=


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1.9 Aqumemgrcij

Ae rjtjr sa aqumemgrc imbãkmhckabta hjb kaimc hlcvatc ab ae axtrakj iae ada.

Waspahtj c ecs vmgrchmjbas, ejs kjtjras astãbicr hukpeab MAH 89-39, nrcij B.

Ejs nrcijs W y X sa abhuabtrcb tckgmíb imspjbmgeas gcdj iakcbic.

Ce sukmbmstrcrsa, ejs kjtjras vcb kcrhcijs hjb ae kítjij ia

aqumemgrcij

Nrcij ia _aejhmici _aejhmici ia vmgrchmøb kãxmkc abSucemty Xpaai Kcxmkuk vmgrctmjb vaejhmty mb kk/s,

hcemicir/kmb

pcrc ubc ceturc ia ada ia 1?-966nrcia ct slcot lamnlt 1? - 966

1? - 387 3?6 - 771 716 - 966kk/s kk/s kk/s

2 ?66 5 8?66 . .B (Bjrkce)(bjrkce) .9.1

?66 5 33 3.37 3.


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1.1 Yrctckmabtj ia ec suparomhma

Xa prastc ubc ctabhmøb aspahmce ce chcgcij ia ejs kjtjras ia CGG. Ejs tjrbmeejs,

ae charj, ecs ceachmjbas ia ceukmbmj y ecs pmazcs ia oubimhmøb sa trctcb hjb ub

kítjij cprjpmcij pcrc hcic kctarmce. Csë, sa csanurc ubc prjtahhmøb

cbtmhjrrjsmøb pcrc ejs ckgmabtas ia trcgcdj kãs savarjs.

Ec pmbturc ia chcgcij as hjejr czue, høimnj hjejr Kubsae


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?. Wumij

?.3 Waiuhh møb iae rumij

Chtucekabta ae rumij astã sudatj c ranuechmjbas astrmhtcs, hjb bmvaeas kãxmkjs

parkmtmijs. Ab hjbsahuabhmc, hjbsmiarckjs ec raiuhhmøb iae bmvae ia rumij

hjkj ubj ia ejs prmbhmpceas hrmtarmjs ia imsaój ab ae iascrrjeej ia buastrjs

kjtjras.

?.7 Hjkpjbabtas iae rumij

Ejs prmbhmpceas hjkpjbabtas iae rumij ab ub kjtjr sjb ae vabtmecijr y ae

hmrhumtj aeahtrjkcnbítmhj. C cetcs vaejhmicias y c cetcs pjtabhmcs, ae rumij iae

vabtmecijr as praijkmbcbta0 c gcdcs vaejhmicias praijkmbc ae iae hmrhumtj

aeahtrjkcnbítmhj. Ab ejs kjtjras ia cbmeejs, ecs ashjgmeecs y ejs cbmeejs supjbab

ub rumij cócimij.Bmvae iarumij iG(C)

rumij tjtcerumij iae vabtmecijr

rumij ia ejs rjimeejs

rumij kcnbítmhj

Vjtabhmc, `^

Hjkpjbabtas qua cukabtcb ae bmvae ia rumij


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?. Wumij

?.7.3 _abtmecijr

Ae rumij iae vabtmecijr sa puaia raiuhmr kaimcbta ub imsaój jptmkmzcij iae

vabtmecijr. Xmkmecrkabta, ub mbhrakabtj iae rabimkmabtj nabarce iae kjtjr

parkmta raiuhmr ae imãkatrj iae vabtmecijr. Xmb akgcrnj, ae vabtmecijr iaga sar

suomhmabtakabta nrcbia hjkj pcrc nabarcr ae oeudj ia cmra bahascrmj pcrc

csanurcr ubc raormnarchmøb ciahucic iae kjtjr.

Ae bmvae ia rumij ia ejs kjtjras nrcbias sa puaia raiuhmr kaimcbta ec

mbhjrpjrchmøb ia ub smeabhmcijr. Ab ejs kjtjras nrcbias ia 7 pjejs, as pjsmgea

utmemzcr ub vabtmecijr ubmimrahhmjbce qua nmra sjeckabta ab ubc ôbmhc imrahhmøb,

hjb ej qua sa nabarcrëc kabjs rumij.

CGG puaia chjbsadcrea sjgra ec kadjr sjeuhmøb pcrc su cpemhchmøb

aspahëomhc.

?.7.7 Wumij kcnbítmhj

Ae buavj imsaój aeíhtrmhj ia CGG Kjtjrs raiuha ae rumij kcnbítmhj.

?.8 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra y pjr ec astruhturc

Ae rumij puaia prjpcncrsa ia ijs kcbarcs. Ae rumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra as ae

nabarcij pjr ae vabtmecijr0 ae rumij ia ec astruhturc as ae nabarcij pjr ejs

rjickmabtjs y pjr ae rumij kcnbítmhj ce vmgrcr pjr ec hcrhcsc iae kjtjr, ecs

oubichmjbas, ecs pcraias y hucequmar tmpj ia hjbiuhhmøb.

?.8.3 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra

Iapabimabij ia ec cpemhchmøb, ae rumij prjpcncij pjr ae cmra puaia raiuhmrsa

kaimcbta ub smeabhmcijr, ub vabtmecijr ubmimrahhmjbce j kaimcbta ec mbstcechmøb

ia ub kjtjr raormnarcij pjr cnuc. Vjr adakpej, aeanmr ub kjtjr raormnarcij pjrcmra y cnuc prjpjrhmjbc ub bmvae ia rumij kuhlj kcs gcdj c cetcs pjtabhmcs y as

kuhlj kãs gcrctj qua ubj ia raormnarchmøb cmra-cmra tjtcekabta harrcij. Qb

kjtjr tjtcekabta harrcij hjb ubc raormnarchmøb pjr cmra hjb abtrcic y scemic

sapcrcics prasabtc pjr ej nabarce ae kmskj bmvae ia rumij qua ub kjtjr hjb

raormnarchmøb ia cnuc a mbheusj huastc kabjs. Icij qua c kabuij ejs kjtjras

nrcbias sa mbstcecb ab scecs sapcrcics, ae bmvae ia rumij tmaba ubc mkpjrtcbhmc

sahubicrmc.


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?. Wumij

?.8.7 Wumij prjpcncij pjr ec astruhturc

Qb kítjij aoahtmvj pcrc aemkmbcr ae rumij prjpcncij pjr ec astruhturc as

kjbtcbij humicijsckabta ubjs ckjrtmnucijras ia vmgrchmøb imkabsmjbcijs.

Xmb akgcrnj, aeanmr crgmtrcrmckabta ejs ckjrtmnucijras ia vmgrchmøb puaia

akpajrcr ae prjgeakc iae rumij.

?.8.8 Kjtjras ia gcdj rumij

Ec kcyjrëc ia ocgrmhcbtas sukmbmstrcb varsmjbas hjb gcdj rumij pcrc kjtjras

nrcbias y kjtjras ia cetcs vaejhmicias. Xmb akgcrnj, pcrc cehcbzcr bmvaeas gcdjs

ia rumij, ae imsaój iae kjtjr prasabtc kjimomhchmjbas qua puaiab coahtcr ec

raormnarchmøb. Ab cenubjs hcsjs, puaia sar qua ub kjtjr nrcbia iagc prasabtcr

bahascrmckabta ec pjtabhmc raquarmic, ej huce lcrëc cukabtcr su hjsta. Vjr aeej, ae

hjsta ia ub kjtjr ia gcdj rumij iagarëc hjkpcrcrsa hjb ae hjsta ia jtrcskaimics ia raiuhhmøb ia rumij qua puaicb cpemhcrsa c ec pecbtc.

?.9 Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc y bmvae ia pjtabhmc sjbjrc

Ae sjbmij aqumvcea c jbics

ia prasmøb abvmcics pjr ub

jgdatj c trcvís iae kaimj

(nabarcekabta ae cmra) ab aequa sa abhuabtrc. Iurcbta

ubc pruagc ia rumij, ec

prasmøb sjbjrc sa kmia ab

iG. Ec imoarabhmc abtra ec

prasmøb sjbjrc iatahtcgea

pcrc ae jëij lukcbj y ae

eëkmta iae ijejr lukcbj as

ia 3436.666.666. Icij quaec imoarabhmc ia prasmøb as tcb

nrcbia y qua ec imoarabhmc ia

36 iG qua

parhmgmkjs as hjkj ae ijgea iae bmvae sjbjrj, sa utmemzc ubc

ejncrëtkmhc, ab ec qua4

Orahuabhmc

ashcec

Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc Ep ; 36 ejn (V/V6)7 iG

V6 ; 7* 36 - 1 (Vc) rumij këbmkj iatahtcgeaV ; prasmøb kasurcgea (Vc)

Eëkmta ia cuimhmøb

Lcgec

Kôsmhc

Bmvae cuimgea

Eëkmta iae ijejr

Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc ia tjbaecics purcsia iG suparmjr c 7 36 Vc


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?. Wumij

?.9 Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc y bmvae ia pjtabhmc sjbjrc

Ec prasmøb sjbjrc sa kmia ab ubc scec ia pruagcs pcrc aemkmbcr ae rumij raoeadcij

y ecs ouabtas axtarbcs. Xa hjejhc ub kmhrøojbj ab vcrmjs pubtjs c ub katrj iae

kjtjr pcrcr kaimr ae sjbmij iasia imstmbtcs imrahhmjbas.

Hjkj ae bmvae ia rumij vcrëc ab imstmbtcs imrahhmjbas iagmij c ec mboeuabhmc

ia ecs ouabtas, sa cpemhc ubc tjearcbhmc ia 8 iG (C) pcrc ae bmvae ia prasmøb

sjbjrc kaimc.

Ae bmvae sjbjrj kaimij (Ep) puaia sar hjbvartmij ab pjtabhmc rcimcic iasia ec

ouabta sjbjrc pcrc iatarkmbcr ae bmvae ia pjtabhmc sjbjrc (Ew). Ec oørkuec pcrc

aeej as4 Ew ; Ep + Es (Es sa hcehuec iasia ec suparomhma c kaimr, sanôb IMB).

?.1 Ometrjs ia kaimhmøb

Vcrc kaimr ae sjbmij hjkpuastj, sa

utmemzcb ckpemomhcijras y ometrjs imstmbtjs.

Iatrãs ia ejs rasuetcijs ab iG kaimijs ia

astc ojrkc sa eas cócia (C), (G) j (H),

iapabimabij iae ometrj uscij.

Bjrkcekabta søej sa ic ae rasuetcij ab

iG (C), ae huce hjrraspjbia ce kãs

prøxmkj c ec parhaphmøb cuimtmvc.

Ejs ometrjs pcscb tjic ec nckc ia

orahuabhmc parj ctabôcb j ckpemomhcb

cenubcs ia sus pcrtas. Ecs hcrchtarëstmhcs

iae ometrj hjrraspjbiab c ecs hurvcs

astmemzcics ia 96, >6 y 366 pljbs pcrc ejs

tjbjs purjs.

Ec mbojrkchmøb sjgra ae bmvae iaprasmøb sjbjrc søej tmaba sabtmij sm sa Orahuabhmc

astcgeaha ec imstcbhmc iasia ec ouabta

sjbjrc. Vjr adakpej, 6 iG (C) c tras katrjs ia ec ouabta.

?.? Gcbics ia jhtcvcs

Ae bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc kaimj sa kmia hjb ub ometrj ia gcbic cbhlc qua

hugra tjic ec gcbic ia orahuabhmc. Yckgmíb sa puaia lchar ec


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?. Wumij

?.? Gcbics ia jhtcvcs

kaimhmøb hjb ub ometrj ia gcbic astrahlc pcrc iaombmr ae bmvae ia rumij pjr

gcbic ia jhtcvc (gcbic ia orahuabhmc), icij qua ec parhaphmøb iae jëij lukcbj

iapabia ia ec gcbic ia jhtcvc.

Cbãemsms ia gcbic ia jhtcvc

Vcrc tabar ubc miac iae hcrãhtar iae sjbmij hjkpuastj, as kuy prãhtmhj imvmimr ec

nckc ia orahuabhmc ab gcbics ia jhtcvcs ab ubc prjpjrhmøb ia 347 abtra ecs

orahuabhmcs eëkmtas ia gcbics. Nabarcekabta ec nckc ia orahuabhmc sa raomara c ec

orahuabhmc kaimc ia ec gcbic. Ecs hmorcs ab iG kaimics pcrc tjics ecs gcbics ia

jhtcvcs, ejs bmvaeas ia gcbics ia jhtcvcs, sa kuastrcb nabarcekabta ab ojrkc ia

ub imcnrckc ia gcbic ia jhtcvcs.

C pcrtmr ia MXJ sa lc iascrrjeecij ub smstakc ia iatarkmbchmøb ia hurvcs ia

rumij, hjbjhmij hjkj hurvcs BW pcrc axprascr ae nrcij sugdatmvj ia kjeastmc ia

ejs imstmbtjs rumijs. Ae prjpøsmtj ia astcs hurvcs as ae ia iatarkmbcr ae rmasnj ia

icój ce jëij. Yckgmíb axmstab jtrjs smstakcs smkmecras. Ejs bôkarjs ia ecs

hurvcs BW raprasabtcb ae nrcij ia rumij.

Vcrc ec gcbic ia jhtcvcs hjb ubc orahuabhmc kaimc ia 3666 Lz, ae bôkarj

aqumvcea ce bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc ab iG. Ec hurvc BW qua tjhc ec hurvc ia rumij

iae kjtjr ab huastmøb iatarkmbc ae bmvae ia rumij iae kjtjr. Ec tcgec qua cpcrahac hjbtmbuchmøb meustrc ec utmemzchmøb iae bmvae ia rumij y kuastrc lcstc hucbtj

tmakpj puaia parkcbahar ubc parsjbc ab ub ckgmabta rumijsj smb suormr ub icój

cuimtmvj parkcbabta.

Xmb rmasnj ia icój cuimtmvj. Ec hurvcBW


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?. Wumij

?.> Xarvmh mj ia hjbvartmijr

Ab sarvmhmj ia hjbvartmijr, ae rumij ia kjtjr prjiuhmij ab hmartcs gcbics ia

jhtcvcs puaia hckgmcr hjbsmiarcgeakabta, iapabimabij ia ec orahuabhmc ia

hjbkutchmøb iae hjbvartmijr. Ae hjbvartmijr bj prjiuha ub vjetcda smbusjmice.

Xmb akgcrnj, icij qua ejs hjbvartmijras ia hjbtrje ia pcr imrahtjs ia CGG bj

tmabab ubc orahuabhmc ia hjbkutchmøb omdc, ae bmvae ia rumij as kuhlj kabjr ia

ej qua sarëc ab hcsj ia qua sa uscrc hjb ae kmskj kjtjr ub hjbvartmijr ia

orahuabhmc ia hjbkutchmøb omdc.

=6


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?. Wumij

?.= Bmvaeas ia prasmøb ia sjbmij

Bmvae ia prasmøb sjbjrc c 16 Lz ab sarvmhmj batjKjtjras ia ceukmbmj y ia charj

7 Vjejs 9 Vjejs ? Vjejs < Vjejs

Yckcój iG(C) Yckcój iG(C) Yckcój iG(C) Yckcój iG(C)

?8 9< ?8 8> ?8 - ?8 87>3 11 >3 91 >3 8? >3 8=

7


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>. Mbstcechmjb y kcbtabmkmabtj

>.3 Chaptchmøb ia ec abtranc

Vjr ocvjr, tjkab bjtc ia qua ae kjtjr iaga mbstcecrsa y kcbtabarsa sanôb ae

emgrj ia mbstruhhmjbas ia ec kãqumbc qua sa cidubtc ce abtrancr ae kjtjr. Ecs

mbstruhhmjbas ia mbstcechmøb y ia kcbtabmkmabtj ia asta hcpëtuej tmabab pjr

jgdatmvj sar søej ubc nuëc.

3. Vjr ocvjr, mbspahhmjba ae aqumpj pjr sm axmsta icój ia trcbspjrta iurcbtaec abtranc. Ab hcsj comrkctmvj, mbojrka mbkaimctckabta ce cnabta ia

vabtcs kãs harhcbj.

7. Hjkpruaga tjijs ejs ictjs ia ec pechc ia hcrchtarëstmhcs,aspahmcekabta ec tabsmøb y ec hjbaxmøb ia gjgmbcij (] j ).

8. Wakuavc ae gejquaj pcrc trcbspjrta, sm axmsta, y lcnc nmrcr ae ada hjb ec kcbjpcrc hjkprjgcr qua nmrc smb imomhuetcias.

>.7 Hjkprjgchmøb ia ec rasmstabhmc ia cmseckmabtj

Cbtas ia pjbar ab sarvmhmj ae kjtjr j hucbij sa hrac qua lcy lukaici ab ae

iavcbcij, kmic ec rasmstabhmc ia cmseckmabtj.

Ec rasmstabhmc, kaimic c 71¶ H, iaga sar kcyjr qua ae vcejr ia

raoarabhmc, ab ae huce,

Wm 76 x Q + 7 V K jlk (kaimij hjb 166 IH Kannar) 3666

ijbia Q ; tabsmøb, _jetmjs0 V ; pjtabhmc ia scemic, `^

CYABHMØB

Ejs iavcbcijs iagab sar iashcrncijs mbkaimctckabta iaspuís ia ec kaimhmøb pcrc

avmtcr rmasnjs ia iashcrnc aeíhtrmhc.

Ae vcejr ia raoarabhmc ia ec rasmstabhmc ia cmseckmabtj iaga raiuhmrsa c ec kmtci

pjr hcic 76¶ H ia cukabtj ia ec takparcturc ckgmabta.

Xm bj sa cehcbzc ae vcejr ia ec rasmstabhmc ia raoarabhmc, ae iavcbcij astã

iakcsmcij lôkaij y iaga sahcrsa ce ljrbj c =6¶ H iurcbta 37-3? ljrcs, sanumij

ia 361¶ H iurcbta ?-< ljrcs. Bjtc4 ejs tcpjbas ia irabcda, sm ejs lcy, iagab

schcrsa smakpra cbtas iae sahcij ce ljrbj.

Xm ec lukaici as hcuscic pjr cnuc kcrmbc, iaga gjgmbcrsa ia buavj ae

iavcbcij.

=1


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>.8 Vcr ab ejs gjrbas

Astj as søej ubc nuëc. Ae kctarmce

ia ec hcrhcsc y ae trctckmabtj ia ec

suparom hma coahtcb ce pcr ia cprmata

ia tabsmøb.

Vcr ia cprmata pcrc tjrbmeejs y tuarhcs ia charj

Lmej 9,?6 1,< K< < 31 71 87 16K36 3= 87 9< ?7 6K79 766 8=6 1=6 8?6 ?36 =66 38?6 3?86K86 9


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>.1 Kcbadj

Cekchabckmabtj

Ejs kjtjras smakpra iagarëcb cekchabcrsa ab sahj, ab ub ckgmabta smb vmgrchmjbas y smb pjevj.

Ecs suparomhmas kahcbmzcics smb prjtahhmøb (scemics ia ada y grmics)iagarëcb sar trctcics hjb ub cbtmhjrrjsmvj.

Xa rahjkmabic lchar nmrcr ejs adas parmøimhckabta hjb ec kcbj pcrc avmtcrparimics ia nrcsc.

As praoarmgea qua ecs rasmstabhmcs hceaochtjrcs, sm axmstab, astíb hjbahtcics.Ecs hcrchtarëstmhcs ia ejs hjbiabscijras aeahtrjeëtmhjs, sm axmstab, pcrc

kjtjras kjbjoãsmhjs, bahasmtcrãb ubc ―ravmsmøb‛ ab hcsj ia qua sa

cekchabab iurcbta kãs ia 37 kasas.

Wjnckjs hjbtchtab hjb CGG Kjtjrs pcrc kãs iatceeas.

Yrcbspjrta

Ejs kjtjras aqumpcijs hjb rjickmabtjs ia rjimeejs hmeëbirmhjs y/j ia gjecs ia

hjbtchtj cbnuecr iagab eeavcr ub gejquaj iurcbta ae trcbspjrta.

Vasjs ia ejs kjtjras

Ae pasj tjtce ia ejs kjtjras hjb ae kmskj tckcój ia hcrhcsc puaia vcrmcr

sanôb ec pjtabhmc, ec imspjsmhmøb ia kjbtcda y ejs aeakabtjs aspahmceascócimijs.

Ab ec pechc hcrchtarëstmhcs ia hcic kjtjr abhjbtrcrã ictjs sjgra ae pasj kuhlj

kãs axchtjs.

=>


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>.? Cbhecdas

Ejs hemabtas sjb raspjbscgeas ia prapcrcr ae cbhecda pcrc ejs kjtjras

Ae cbhecda iaga sar emsj, pecbj y, sm as pjsmgea, smb vmgrchmjbas. Vjr ej tcbtj, sa

rahjkmabic ub cbhecda ia hakabtj. Xm sa utmemzc ub cbhecda ia katce, ísta

iagarëc trctcrsa hjb ub cbtmhjrrjsmvj.

Ae cbhecda iaga sar suomhmabtakabta omrka hjkj pcrc sjpjrtcr ecs ouarzcs qua

puaicb cpcrahar ab hcsj ia ub hjrtjhmrhumtj trmoãsmhj. Ae pcr ia hjrtjhmrhumtj as

gãsmhckabta ubc jshmechmøb smbusjmice ckjrtmnucic y, pjr ej tcbtj, puaia

prasabtcr tcbtj vcejras pjsmtmvjs hjkj banctmvjs. Ae asouarzj sjgra ae cbhecda

puaia hcehuecrsa hjb ec cyuic ia ecs tcgecs ia ictjs iae hctãejnj iae kjtjr y hjb

ec oørkuec smnumabta4

O ; 6,1 x n x k + 9 x Ykcx C

Ijbia O ; asouarzj pjr ecij, B

N ;chaearchmøb nrcvmtchmjbce, =,.?.3 Varbjs ia cbhecda

Ae kjtjr iaga quaicr csanurcij hjb parbjs ia cbhecda j hjb ubc pechc gcsa.

Ejs kjtjras pcrc chhmjbckmabtj ia hjrracs iagarëcb kjbtcrsa sjgra rcëeas

tabsjras.

Ejs parbjs ia cbhecda astãb cdustcijs c ejs pmas iae kjtjr ubc vaz sa lcb

mbsartcij ejs tjrbmeejs ab ejs cnudarjs tcecircijs pcrc imhlj prjpøsmtj. Ejs

parbjs iagab sudatcrsa c ecs pctcs hjrraspjbimabtas hjb ubc ncenc ia 3-7 kk

abtra ae parbj y ec pctc0 vícsa ecs kcrhcs ab ejs parbjs y ab ecs pctcs iae astãtjr.

Hjejqua ae kjtjr sjgra ejs hmkmabtjs y cembaa ae chjpea. Hjb ub bmvae hjkpruaga

qua ae ada astí ljrmzjbtce. Ec

=


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>.?.3 Varbjs ia cbhecda

ceturc ia ec hcrhcsc iae astãtjr puaia cdustcrsa hjb tjrbmeejs j hjb ncencs.

Hucbij astí gmab sanurj qua ae cembackmabtj as hjrrahtj, omda ejs gejquas.

>.> Cembackmabtj ia chjpea

Ejs kjtjras iagab cembacrsa smakpra hjb prahmsmøb. Astj as aspahmcekabta

mkpjrtcbta ab ae hcsj ia kjtjras hjb chjpea imrahtj. Qb cembackmabtj

mbhjrrahtj puaia hjbiuhmr c ub oceej iae rjickmabtj, c vmgrchmjbas a mbheusj c

ubc rjturc iae ada. Ab hcsj ia ub oceej iae rjickmabtj j sm sa iatahtc

vmgrchmjbas, iaga hjkprjgcrsa mbkaimctckabta ae cembackmabtj.

Ec kadjr kcbarc ia hjbsanumr ub cembackmabtj hjrrahtj as kjbtcbij ub pcr iahjkpcrcijras hjkj kuastrc ae imgudj (pãnmbc 366). Ejs hcemgrcijras sa hjejhcb

ab kaimj chjpea a mbimhcb ec imoarabhmc abtra ecs kmtcias iae chjpea, tcbtj cxmce

hjkj rcimcekabta. Lchmabij nmrcr eabtckabta ejs adas y jgsarvcbij ce kmskj

tmakpj ec eahturc iae hcemgrcijr, sa jgtmaba ubc mbimhchmøb ia ejs cdustas qua lcy

qua lchar. Ecs kmtcias ia ejs chjpeas iagab cdustcrsa ia kcbarc qua quaiab

suaetcs pcrc qua puaicb sanumrsa ecs ubcs c ecs jtrcs ce nmrcr.

Vcrc iatarkmbcr sm ejs adas astãb pcrceaejs, lcy qua kaimr hjb ub hcemgrcijr ec

imstcbhmc x abtra ejs gjrias axtarbjs ia ecs kmtcias iae chjpea ab ub pubtj ia ec

parmoarmc4 var pãnmbc 366. Iaspuís lcy qua lchar nmrcr ckgcs kmtcias dubtcs c =6¶,

smb hckgmcr ecs pjsmhmjbas raectmvcs ia ejs adas, y lchar ubc buavc kaimhmøb

axchtckabta ab ae kmskj pubtj. Lcy qua kaimr ec imstcbhmc ia buavj iaspuís ia

ubc rjtchmøb ia 36¶. Vcrc tckcójs ia chjpea bjrkceas, ec imoarabhmc abtra

ec eahturc kãs cetc y ec kãs gcdc bj iaga axhaiar ejs 6,61 kk. Vcrc hjkprjgcr

qua ejs habtrjs iae ada astãb imrahtckabta abhcrcijs ae ubj hjb ae jtrj, lcy qua

hjejhcr ubc ranec ia charj ab pcrceaej hjb ejs adas ab ec parmoarmc ia ubc kmtci iae

chjpea y iaspuís kaimr ae mbtarstmhmj abtra ec parmoarmc ia ec jtrc kmtci y ec ranec ab

huctrj pjsmhmjbas pcrc hjkprjgcr ae pcrceaemskj. Ec imoarabhmc abtra ec eahturc

kãs cetc y ec kãs gcdc bj iaga axhaiar ejs 6,61 kk.

Ce cembacr ub kjtjr hjb ubc kãqumbc huyc hcrhcsc cehcbha ubc takparcturc

imstmbtc c ec iae kjtjr ab sarvmhmj bjrkce, lcgrã qua astcgeahar ubc tjearcbhmc

pcrc ec imoarabhmc ia ceturc iae ada qua rasuetcrã

==


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>.> Cembackmabtj ia chjpea

ia ec axpcbsmøb tírkmhc imstmbtc. Vcrc ae kjtjr, ae cukabtj ia ceturc as ia ub

6,68% ia ec takparcturc ckgmabta pcrc takparcturcs ia trcgcdj c peabc pjtabhmc.

Ecs mbstruhhmjbas ia kjbtcda ia ejs ocgrmhcbtas ia gjkgcs, raiuhtjras, ath., c

kabuij astcgeahab ae iaspeczckmabtj vartmhce y ectarce iae ada c takparcturc ia

trcgcdj. As mkpjrtcbta tabar ab huabtc astc mbojrkchmøb pcrc avmtcr vmgrchmjbas,

csë hjkj jtrjs prjgeakcs ia sarvmhmj

Hjkprjgcr ec iasvmchmøb cbnuecr

Qtmemzcr h cemgrcijras pcrc ae cembackmabtj

366


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>.>.3 Kjbtcr pjeacs y kmtcias ia chjpeckmabtj

Ab ae kjkabtj ia kjbtcr pjeacs y kmtcias ia chjpeckmabtj lcy qua prastcr

ubc aspahmce ctabhmøb pcrc bj icócr ejs rjickmabtjs. Bubhc lcy qua ojrzcrecs ce

hjejhcrecs ab su smtmj j ce eavcbtcrecs.

Ec kmtci ia ub chjpeckmabtj j ubc pjeac qua sa kjbtc pjr akpuda ab ae ada,

puaia akpudcrsa hjb ec kcbj lcstc ec kmtci ia ec ejbnmtui iae ada. Vcrc vjevar c

hjejhcrec ab su smtmj tjtcekabta ab ae rasceta iae ada sarã bahascrmj ub

mbstrukabtj aspahmce j ub tjrbmeej tjtcekabta rjshcij, ubc tuarhc y ijs pmazcs

pecbcs ia katce.

Kjbtcr ubc pjeac hjb ub tjrbmeej tjtcekabta

rjshcij, ubc tuarhc y ijs pmazcs pecbcs ia

katce.

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>.< Wcëeas tabsjras

Ejs kjtjras pcrc chhmjbckmabtj ia hjrracs iagab kjbtcrsa ab rcëeas tabsjras tce

hjkj kuastrc ec omnurc 7. Ejs rcëeas tabsjras iagab hjejhcrsa ljrmzjbtcekabta ab

ae kmskj bmvae. Iaspuís lcy qua hjejhcr ae kjtjr y ejs rcëeas tabsjras abhmkc ia

ejs hmkmabtjs y cembacrejs ia kcbarc qua ae pubtj kaimj ia ec pjeac iae kjtjr

hjmbhmic hjb ae pubtj kaimj ia ec pjeac ia ec kãqumbc chhmjbcic. Hjkprjgcrqua ae ada iae kjtjr astã ab pjsmhmøb pcrceaec hjb ae ada iae chhmjbckmabtj y tabscr

ec hjrrac sanôb ecs mbstruhhmjbas iae sukmbmstrcijr. Bj sjgrapcsa ecs ouarzcs ia

hjrrac kãxmkcs (as iahmr, ecs hcrncs ia rjickmabtjs rcimceas) astcgeahmics ab ae

hctãejnj iae prjiuhtj. Ae rcëe tabsjr kãs harhcbj c ec hjrrac iaga hjejhcrsa ia

kcbarc qua ae parbj tabsjr astí abtra ae kjtjr y ec kãqumbc chhmjbcic. Ae parbj

iae jtrj rcëe tabsjr iagarã astcr ab ae jtrj ecij. _ar omnurc.

Iaspuís iae cembackmabtj, cdusta ejs tjrbmeejs ia omdchmøb ia ejs rcëeas.

CYABHMØB

Bj adarzc ub axhasj ia tabsmøb sjgra ecs hjrracs. Qbc tabsmøb axhasmvc ia ecs

hjrracs puaia icócr ejs rjickmabtjs y hcuscr rjturcs iae ada.

Vjsmhmjbas ia ejs rcëeas tabsjras

pcrc chhmjbckmabtj pjr hjrracs

Hjb chhmjbckmabtj pjr hjr racs, ejs

adas iagab astcr ab pcrceaej y ecs

pjeacs ab eëbac rahtc

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>.36 Abnrcsa

Xanôb ec pjeëtmhc ia CGG Kjtjrs, ec omcgmemici as ub aeakabtj vmtce tcbtj ab ae

imsaój ia ejs rjickmabtjs hjkj ia ejs smstakcs ia abnrcsa ia ejs rjickmabtjs.

Vjr aeej, sanumkjs, hjkj bjrkc, ae prmbhmpmj E3 (as iahmr, bjs csanurckjs qua ae

==% ia ejs kjtjras prasabtab ae tmakpj ia mbtarvcej). Yckgmíb as pjsmgea

hcehuecr ejs mbtarvcejs ia abnrcsa sanôb ec pjeëtmhc E36, sanôb ec huce ae =6% ia ejs

kjtjras prasabtcb ae tmakpj ia mbtarvcej. CGG Kjtjrs pjba c su imspjsmhmøb ejs

vcejras E36, ejs huceas sjb nabarcekabta ae ijgea sm sa hjkpcrcb hjb ejs vcejras

E3, gcdj iakcbic.

>.36.3 Kjtjras hjb rjickmabtjs parkcbabtakabta abnrcscijs

Bjrkcekabta ejs kjtjras lcstc ae tckcój ia hcrhcsc 3.36.7 Kjtjras hjb s mstakc ia abnrcsa

Lcy qua abnrcscr ae kjtjr hucbij astãb ab oubhmjbckmabtj. Xm ae kjtjr astã

aqumpcij hjb ub tcpøb ia abnrcsa, lcgrã qua qumtcrej takpjrcekabta iurcbta ae

abnrcsa j parkcbabtakabta ab hcsj ia ub abnrcsa cutjkãtmhj. Xm ae kjtjr astã

aqumpcij hjb ubc pechc ia eugrmomhchmøb, lcgrã qua utmemzcr ejs vcejras icijs j

utmemzcr ejs vcejras sanôb ae prmbhmpmj E3, smnumabij ecs mbimhchmjbas ia ec pãnmbc

smnumabta4

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>.36 Abnrcsa

Vrmbhmpmj E3

Ec tcgec ia abnrcsa smnumabta smnua ae prmbhmpmj E3, ae huce as ae astãbicr ia CGG

pcrc tjijs ejs kjtjras.

Yckcój Hcbtmici 8?66 8666 366 38666 3>66387 31 =866 33866 3>866 3=666 77=66 7?9663?6 7? >666 =866 39866 3>866 76=66 796663


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Aesms

takc

Mbt

arbchmjbce


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< x 36-8 k8/s 3 k8/s ; 8?66 k8/l3 hok ; 6.9>7 x 36-8 k8/s 3 k8/s ; 7376 hok

Kcsc3 eg ; 6.919 `n 3 `n ; 7.76 eg3 jz ; 7


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jr

=


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=. Aeanmr ub kjtjr

=.8 _aejhmici

Icij qua bj axmstab pírimics ia hcrnc ab ae kjtjr, ec vaejhmici ab vchëj as

emnarckabta mboarmjr c ec vaejhmici smbhrøbmhc. Ec vaejhmici ab peabc hcrnc as

nabarcekabta ub 8-9% kabjr qua ec vaejhmici ab vchëj.

_aejhmici ; Orahuabhmc x 376Xmbhrøbmhc r/kmb Bôkarj ia pjejs

(iavcbcij iae astãtjr)

_aejhmicias iae kjtjr

16 Lz vaejhmici r/kmb ?6 Lz vaejhmici r/kmbBôkarj Xmbhrjbmskj Veabc hcrnc Xmbhrøbmhj Veabc hcrncia pjejs tëpmhc tëpmhc

7 8.666 7.=66 8.?66 8.916

9 3.166 3.996 3.96? 3.666 =?6 3.766 3.316

< >16 >76 =66 66

37 166 9


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36. Chhmjbckmabtjs ia vaejhmici vcrmcgeas

36.3 Nabarce

Ejs kjtjras ia mbiuhhmøb ia dcuec ia crimeec jorahab ubc imspjbmgmemici,

omcgmemici y rabimkmabtj axhaeabtas. Xmb akgcrnj, tmabab ijs pubtjs iígmeas4 ae

rabimkmabtj iae crrcbqua y ae hjbtrje sucva ia vaejhmici c ej ecrnj ia ubc ckpemc

nckc. Qb kjtjr hjb ub hjbvartmijr ia orahuabhmc (chhmjbckmabtj ia vae

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ABB - Ykkös-ffsetOy, Vaasa “Guía Del Motor”, Automation Power Products. Ed ABB Motors; 2013

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