abcdefghijklm - everysiteadlib.everysite.co.uk/resources/000/011/193/nvzguide.pdf · Surface water...

abcdefghij abcde ___ a The Environment Group is part of the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs

epartment

abcdefghijklmEnvironment Group

To all occupiers in NVZs

Water Environment UnitVictoria QuayEdinburgh EH6 6QQ

Telephone: 0131-244 0205Fax: 0131-244 [email protected]://www.scotland.gov.uk

Your ref:Our ref:

March 2003

_ _____Dear occupier

GUIDANCE FOR FARMERS IN NITRATE VULNERABLE ZONES

In 2002 the Minister for Environment and Rural Development designated Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs) in 4 areas of Scotland:

• Moray, Aberdeenshire, Banff & Buchan• Strathmore and Fife• Lothian and the Borders• Lower Nithsdale

The EC Nitrates Directive requires legally binding rules to be put in place for NVZs to reduce nitrateloss from agricultural land. These rules are known as Action Programmes. In January 2003 theMinister for Environment and Rural Development introduced the Action Programme measures to beimplemented in NVZs in Scotland, and announced that guidance would be issued to all farmers inNVZs, to enable you to comply with the new rules.

Guidance

I am now pleased to enclose the guidance. We are sending copies of the guidance to all farmers whohave premises within the parishes affected by the NVZ designation. Some parishes are split by theNVZ boundary line and a map showing the boundaries of each NVZ is included within thisguidance. If you are not sure whether your land is affected a larger scale map is available in yourSEERAD Area Office.

Further information regarding the guidance can be obtained from SEERAD Area Offices. A list ofcontacts is provided in the pack.

This guidance will also be made available in CD-Rom format. Copies of the CD-Rom will be issuedto those who have already registered interest. Further copies can be obtained from Water

abcdefghij abcde ___ a The Environment Group is part of the Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs

epartment

Environment Unit, Scottish Executive, Victoria Quay, Edinburgh, EH66 6QQ, or telephone: 0131-244-0205; or email [email protected]

Workshops

The Scottish Executive have commissioned the Scottish Agricultural College to hold workshops forfarmers on the use of the guidance. Further information will be available from SAC.

Record keeping requirements

The Action Programmes include record keeping requirements. Records should normally be kept forthe period 19 December to 18 December in the following year; but in this first year records should bekept from 1 August to 18 December 2003. Farmers in the former Balmalcolm NVZ should continuewith their existing record keeping requirements until 31 July 2003, and change to the newrequirements from 1 August 2003.

NVZ Grant Scheme

The Minister for Environment and Rural Development has introduced a competitive grant scheme tosupport farmers in NVZs who may require additional slurry storage facilities to help them complywith the new rules. Guidance on the grant scheme, together with ranking advice and applicationforms, is available from your SEERAD Area Office.

The grant scheme is now open and first round applications will be accepted until 30 June 2003.Further application periods will be announced.

The introduction of this scheme is subject to State Aid approval, which is currently being sought. Nodecisions on applications will be made until such time as approval has been obtained from theEuropean Commission. Since the scheme is competitive each application will be assessed on meritand there is no guarantee that all applications will qualify for aid. It is also important to note thatanyone considering making an application may obtain estimates and consents, but should not committhemselves to any expenditure beyond that required to prepare and submit the application, until theyhave received written approval from the Department.

JOYCE CARRWATER ENVIRONMENT UNIT

This essential guidance has been distributed using the agriculture census database. This information is treatedin the strictest confidence and personal data has only been released for use in this important distribution. Thisdata will not be used for any other purpose. Individuals with multiple holding may receive duplicate mailitems.

If you no longer occupy or farm agricultural land or if your contact details are incorrect, please write to yourSEERAD Area Office.

Making it work together

Guidel ines for farmersi n n i t r a t e v u l n e r a b l e z o n e s

Using these guidelines

These guidelines are designed to help you understand what is required under the NVZ rules and how to complywith your legal obligations. We suggest that you read them in stages to learn what NVZs are, to understand yourlegal obligations, and to decide which parts of the Action Programme apply to your business.

The following information is contained within the introductory booklet:

The Introduction contains brief background information on the designation of NVZs and the need forAction Programmes

Section 1 provides a summary of the NVZ rules

Section 2 provides details of the record keeping requirements

Section 3 provides details of the Farm and Field based limits for applying organic manure

Section 4 provides details of the closed periods for organic and inorganic fertilisers

Section 5 provides details of other restrictions on nitrogen application

Section 6 details the requirements for storing slurry, poultry manure and farmyard manure

Section 7 provides details on monitoring and enforcement, and responsibility for complying with the rules

Further guidance on preparing a Fertiliser and Manure Plan is contained in the accompanying booklets:

Fertiliser and Manure Planning – Part 1, Determining crop and grassland N requirements

This includes the associated booklet, Nitrogen recommendation tables for cereals, oilseed rape, potatoes and grassland. This booklet contains all of the reference material required to determine the N requirement of mainstream crops and grassland. Examples of blank record sheets are also supplied to help you with calculations at the various stages.

Fertiliser and Manure Planning – Part 2, Manure Planning

This includes the associated booklet, N available from livestock manure applications and appropriate referencedata. Examples of blank record sheets are also supplied to help you with calculations at the various stages.

If you grow arable crops, but you do not keep livestock and you do not bring organic manure onto yourNVZ holding, you should refer to sections 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 of this booklet. You will also need to refer to theaccompanying booklet, Fertiliser and Manure Planning – Part 1, Determining crop and grassland Nrequirements. Producers of leafy vegetables may also have to refer to the final section of that booklet.

If you keep livestock or bring organic manure onto your holding, you will have to refer to all of the sectionsin this guidance. You will also have to refer to Fertiliser and Manure Planning – Parts 1 and 2.

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IntroductionThe European Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC aims to reduce water pollution from agricultural sources.Inappropriate use of inorganic (chemical) fertilisers and organic manure can result in an increase in nitratepollution of surface and ground waters. The main sources and losses of nitrate to water in agricultural areas areshown in the diagram below.

The Directive requires legally binding rules to be put in place for Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) to reduce nitrateloss from agricultural land when nitrate levels exceed, or are likely to exceed, the levels set in the Directive.These rules are known as Action Programmes.

In January 2003 the Minister for Environment and Rural Development introduced the Action Programmemeasures to be followed in NVZs in Scotland. The guidance in this booklet is designed to help you tocomply with those measures.

This guidance was prepared on behalf of the Scottish Executive Water Environment Unit. It updates previousguidance on farming within NVZs and brings together relevant sections of the Code of Good Practice for thePrevention of Pollution from Agricultural Activity (PEPFAA Code) and the most recent technical advice.The Nitrogen and Phosphorus Supplement to the PEPFAA Code includes further detail on the measureswhich are mandatory within NVZs and the guidance it contains should be referred to and followed. The 4-Point Planalso provides guidance for livestock farmers on minimising pollution. Copies of these documents are available fromyour SEERAD Area office.

Introductory Booklet

Guidel ines for farmersin nitrate vulnerable zones

The main sources and losses of nitrate to water

Ground water

➨

➨

➨

➨ ➨➨

Organic-Nfrom cropsand grass

Leaching

Drainage

Run-offSoil

Surface water

Ammonium-N andOrganic-N fromlivestock manures

Ammonium-Nand Nitrate-Nfrom fertiliser

SECTION 1 – Summary of NVZ rulesBelow is a summary of the NVZ rules – you should refer to the main text for full details.

Record keepingFarm records must be kept for at least five years, from the date of the last entry, including details of cropping,livestock numbers, the use of inorganic (chemical) nitrogen fertilisers and organic manure.

A Fertiliser and Manure Plan must be prepared and implemented each year and is required to:

• establish the quantities of livestock manure produced on the farm.

• demonstrate sufficient storage capacity and land available for spreading organic manure.

• contain an assessment of the amount of nitrogen available to grass and crops following application oforganic manure.

• contain an assessment of crop and grass requirement for nitrogen fertiliser in each field taking account ofnitrogen supply from soil organic matter, crop residues and organic manure.

Further information on the record-keeping requirements can be found in section 2 of this booklet.

Nitrogen application limitsNitrogen applications from all sources (organic and inorganic) must not exceed the crop/grassland nitrogenrequirement.

Detailed guidance on how to calculate the nitrogen requirement of crops and grassland can be found in theaccompanying booklet, Fertiliser and Manure Plans – Part 1, Determining crop and grassland N requirements.

Organic Manure use within the NVZ must not exceed the farm-based limits set out below:


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Farm based limit (includinggrazing deposition)

250kg organic N/ha, averagedover all of the grassland in an NVZ*

170kg organic N/ha, averaged overall of the non-grassland in an NVZ*

Grassland Non-Grassland

* Note: Although the farm-based limits are averaged over the whole of the grassland or non-grassland area,applications of organic N cannot exceed 250kg/ha on any individual field. This individual field limit excludesany grazing deposition.

These are annual limits calculated for the period 19 December to 18 December and apply to all organic manure,including wastes such as sewage sludge.

More detailed information on farm and field-based limits can be found in section 3 of this booklet.

Guidance on how to calculate your farm and field-based limits can be found in the accompanying booklet,Fertiliser and Manure Plans – Part 2, Manure Planning.

Note: If there is a specific crop requirement during the closed period, you must notify your SEERAD Area office,in writing, within 3 days of applying the fertiliser. The notification must include details of the agriculturaljustification for applying the fertiliser.

Slurry, poultry manure and liquid digested sewage sludge on sandy/shallow soil only.

Further information on closed periods can be found in section 4 of this booklet.

Other restrictions on nitrogen applicationInorganic nitrogen fertiliser and organic manure must NOT be applied:

• when the soil is waterlogged, flooded, frozen hard or snow covered

• to steeply sloping fields

• to uncropped areas, hedges and watercourses

• unevenly and inaccurately.

In addition organic manure must not be applied within 10m of watercourses or within 50m of a well, borehole, orsimilar water supply.

Further information on other restrictions can be found in section 5 of this booklet.

Storage of slurry/poultry manureThe capacity of storage facilities must be sufficient to hold all of the slurry/poultry manure that cannot be applieddue to closed periods (i.e. slurry/poultry manure on sandy/shallow soils).

Further information on slurry/poultry manure storage can be found in section 6 of this booklet.

Guidance on calculating the amount of slurry produced by livestock on your farm and the storage capacity likelyto be required can be found in the accompanying booklet Fertiliser and Manure Plans – Part 2, Manure Planning.

Closed periods when NO applications should be madeInorganic (chemical) nitrogen fertiliser – all soils

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Guidelines for farmers in nitrate vulnerable zones

Name of NVZ

Name of NVZ

Moray, Aberdeenshire, Banff & Buchan NVZ

All NVZs

All other NVZs

15 Sept – 20 Feb

1 Oct – 1 Nov

15 Sept – 15 Feb

1 Sept – 20 Feb

1 Aug – 1 Nov

1 Sept – 15 Feb

Grassland

Grassland or autumn sown crop

Other land

Other land

SECTION 2 – Record-keeping requirements

A well-devised Fertiliser and Manure Plan will enable effectively targeted applications of livestock manure andinorganic fertilisers and ultimately lead to reductions in nitrate leaching. It may also produce savings in fertiliser costs.

Farm records are essential to monitor compliance with the Action Programme rules and are a legal requirement.

The regulations require you to keep records for the land that you farm within the NVZ. It is your responsibility toensure that these records demonstrate that you have complied with Action Programme rules.

• A Fertiliser and Manure Plan must be prepared and implemented each year and must be available forinspection by SEERAD Area Office staff. A fertiliser and manure plan may also produce savings in fertilisercosts. The plan must:

➧ establish the quantities and type of livestock manure that are likely to be produced on the farm

➧ demonstrate that there is sufficient storage capacity and land available for spreading the manure produced

➧ contain an assessment of the amount of nitrogen available to grass and crops following application of organicmanure

➧ contain an assessment of crop and grass requirement for nitrogen fertiliser in each field taking account ofnitrogen supply from soil organic matter, crop residues and organic manure.

• Farm Records must include:

➧ the area of the farm and the individual fields within the NVZ excluding areas of woodland, roads and hard-standing

➧ the cropping of each field within the NVZ including sowing dates

➧ applications of chemical fertiliser including quantities and application dates

➧ any applications of organic manure including type, quantity and application dates

➧ any livestock kept on the land within the NVZ including type and length of time kept (i.e. normal stocking cycles)

➧ any organic manure moved off the land within the NVZ including quantities, dates and details of the recipient

➧ any organic manure moved onto the land within the NVZ including quantities, dates and details of the consignor

➧ the method of disposal of leafy vegetable residues from each field where vegetables have been grown.

You must keep these records for at least five years. The Individual Field Record Sheet shown at Table H in theblank tables booklet provides an example of the information required. This Table may be used if you do not alreadyhave a field recording system that meets with NVZ action programme requirements, or it may be used as a modelfor what is required.

Guidance on preparing Fertiliser and Manure Plans is contained in the accompanying booklets, Fertiliser andManure Plans, Parts 1 and 2.


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SECTION 3 – Restrictions on the quantity of organic nitrogen applied

It is necessary to limit applications of total nitrogen from all organic manure, to minimise leaching losses. The ActionProgramme rules therefore impose limits on the total amount of organic nitrogen that can be applied to land withinan NVZ. Separate limits apply to grassland and non-grassland areas. The higher limit for grassland is justified bythe longer growing season and the lower leaching risk.

Farm-based limits for organic manure• Annual farm-based organic nitrogen application limits apply from 19 December to 18 December in the

following year

• The limits apply to all organic manure and include products such as sewage sludge

• The limits do not apply to inorganic nitrogen fertilisers, which should be applied according to crop requirement,taking account of any organic manure applications

• These limits are based upon the area of agricultural land on the farm, within the NVZ. Areas of woodland,roads, yards and other non-agricultural areas are excluded from the calculations

Farm-based limit• Applies to any farm or part of a farm within an NVZ

• Includes grazing deposition (i.e. manure deposited by animals whilst occupying the field)

• Grassland area limit is 250kg N/ha averaged over the area in grass

• Non grassland area limit is 170kg N/ha averaged over the area not in grass

Averaging the limits over the area in each category provides flexibility to adjust application rates in individual fields,according to crop needs. However, the application of excessive amounts of organic N onto individual fields is notpermitted, as this goes against the requirements of good farming practice.

• A maximum field application limit of 250kg organic N/ha therefore applies to individual fields within an NVZ.

• This individual field application limit is calculated on the basis of the available spreading area within each fieldand applies in addition to any grazing deposition. But remember that grazing deposition must be taken intoaccount when calculating the farm-based limits for grassland and non-grassland areas.

What if I have insufficient land to spread within these limits?• If you have insufficient land within the NVZ, then you should consider utilising excess on other farmland, in

accordance with good agricultural practice and NVZ guidelines where appropriate, or

• Reducing livestock numbers

How do I calculate whether I comply with these limits?Booklet 2 in this guidance pack tells you how to calculate your farm-based limits. It also tells you how to calculatethe amount of organic N produced by livestock on your holding using standard figures, which represent typicalnitrogen excreta rates for different types of livestock.

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SECTION 4 – Restrictions on the timing of nitrogen applications(closed periods)

At some times of the year some crops do not require nitrogen. If it is applied during this time it is poorly utilisedand at greater risk of being leached from the soil into water. Consequently, restrictions on the timing of nitrogenapplication (closed periods) have been introduced.

Inorganic (chemical) fertilisersApplications of inorganic N fertiliser are prohibited during the months when the risk of nitrate leaching is highest.The closed periods for applying inorganic fertilisers containing nitrogen are:

Moray, Aberdeenshire, Banff & Buchan NVZ:• between 15 September and 20 February in the case of grassland

• between 1 September and 20 February in the case of other land unless there is a specific crop requirementduring that time.

All other NVZs:• between 15 September and 15 February in the case of grassland

• between 1 September and 15 February in the case of other land unless there is a specific crop requirementduring that time.

If you identify a need for inorganic nitrogen fertiliser during the closed period, due to a particular crop requirementthen you must:

• notify your SEERAD Area office, in writing, within 3 days of applying the fertiliser.

• include details of the date the application was made, the quantity that was applied and the N content of thefertiliser applied.

• keep a record of the agronomic justification for the application of N at that time of year.

Organic manureDo not apply slurry, poultry manure or liquid digested sewage sludge on sandy/shallow soils:

• between 1 October and 1 November in any year where the land is in grass or will have an autumn sown crop;or

• between 1 August and 1 November in any other case.

Sandy and shallow soils do not retain water as readily as other soils and therefore create an increased leaching risk.Nitrate leaching from applications of farmyard manure (FYM) is far less likely than for inorganic nitrogen, slurry, poultrymanure or liquid digested sewage sludge. Application timing for FYM is therefore less crucial, in terms of leaching.

N.B. Dirty water (rainwater that has passed across fouled concrete in a farmyard or wash water from a dairy/parlour)which is collected separately from slurry is not regarded as slurry under the NVZ rules.

If you are unsure of the soil types on your farm, Booklet 3 (page 3) contains guidance on how to assess the soiltype and a description of soil types is given in Table 1.


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SECTION 5 – Other restrictions on nitrogen applicationIf nitrogen is applied inaccurately then some parts of the crop may receive too much nitrogen and the excess willbe prone to leaching. Other areas of the crop may not receive enough nitrogen and so yields and quality maybe affected.

Runoff entering watercourses can cause water pollution problems. Under certain field conditions (e.g. frozen,waterlogged, flooded or covered with snow) the risk of run-off is greatly increased. The risk increases with slope.Proximity to watercourses should also be taken into account due to the risk of causing water pollution.

When applying inorganic nitrogen fertilisers and organic manure to land, you should:

• ensure that the correct application rate is used

• apply in as accurate a manner as is practically possible

• test all spreading equipment regularly for spreading accuracy and correct calibration for the application rate.If appropriate, spreading equipment should be fitted with headland deflector plates.

Don’t apply inorganic or organic nitrogen fertilisers:

• to uncropped areas, hedges and watercourses including ditches

• to steeply sloping fields. The legislation does not define a ‘steeply sloping field’ but fields in this category areunlikely to have been cultivated using a wheeled tractor

• if the soil is waterlogged, flooded, or covered with snow

• if the land has been frozen for 12 hours or longer in the preceding 24 hours. Application may be acceptable ondays when early morning frost is predicted to thaw during the day provided heavy rain is not forecast and otherrequirements of the Action Programme Regulations are met. It is important to ensure that soil does not becomecompacted as a result of making such applications on frosted ground.

Organic manure must not be applied:

• to any land less than 10m from a watercourse including land near rivers and lochs and any temporarily dry ditches

• within 50m of a well, borehole or similar water supply.

Adherence to these rules is consistent with Good Agricultural Practice and will minimise the risk of pollutionfrom nitrates and optimise inputs of nutrients.

If vegetable crop residues exist, they should be:

• incorporated into the soil when an autumn sown crop is established; or

• the residues may be incorporated into the soil with a binding material such as straw or an appropriate papermill sludge before 1 October; or left untouched until 1 December at the earliest. If you produce leafy vegetablewaste you may wish to refer to the final section in Booklet 1 – Fertiliser and Manure Plans, Part 1 – Determiningcrop and grassland N requirements.

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SECTION 6 – Storage of slurry, poultry manure and farmyard manureIf your farm produces slurry/poultry manure you are prohibited from spreading it on sandy/shallow soil in an NVZ,during the closed period. In these circumstances:

• The capacity of storage facilities must be sufficient to store all of the slurry/poultry manure that cannot bespread during the closed period, or

• The manure that is produced in excess of the storage requirement can be utilised in a manner that will notcause harm to the environment, e.g. spreading outwith the NVZ, in accordance with good agricultural practice.You must demonstrate that these requirements have been met, through your Fertiliser and Manure plan/farmrecords.

Farms where slurry is produced are subject to the Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil)(Scotland) Regulations 2001.

• The regulations require that new, substantially enlarged or reconstructed slurry storage systems must have thecapacity to store the slurry which is likely to be produced in a continuous six-month period.

• SEPA may, however, accept a lesser storage capacity where it can be demonstrated, by way of a Farm WasteManagement Plan, that this will not cause harm to the environment or lead to a significant risk of pollution ofcontrolled waters.

Field middens must be sited at least 10m away from any inland or coastal waters and 50m at least away fromany well, borehole or similar water supply. Run-off from middens is included in the definition of slurry, whereas thesolid manure itself is not. Such run-off is therefore covered by the Regulations and must be suitably collected andstored prior to land spreading.

Adherence to these rules is consistent with Good Agricultural Practice and will minimise the risk of water pollution.

You should contact your local SEPA office about any plans for waste storage facilities and must notify SEPA priorto bringing the facilities into use, to ensure that they meet the requirements of the Regulations. SEPA have powersunder these Regulations to require changes to existing facilities, via an improvement notice, if they pose a significantrisk of pollution.


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SECTION 7 – Monitoring and Enforcement

Who is responsible for complying with the rules?The legal obligation to comply with the Action Programme rules rests with the occupier of each farm with land inan NVZ. Agricultural land may be occupied and farmed under a variety of different circumstances. Therefore standarddefinitions have not been made for either ‘occupier’ or ‘farm’ and this guidance is not intended to be definitive.

Some rules will apply to individual fields and others will apply to all or any part of the farm that lies within a NVZ.If more than one person is involved in the management and farming of the land (such as partnerships, tenanciesand share farming agreements) both parties have responsibility for compliance with the NVZ rules. It may beuseful to include respective responsibilities in a formal agreement.

• Under short-term agreements in respect of fields or other blocks of land which do not constitute a farm in theirown right, the person letting out the land will be treated as the occupier of that land if they remain responsiblefor the day-to-day management of the land. Given the variety of land use agreements, a ‘short-termagreement’ has not been clearly defined but any agreement of 2 years or less is likely to be regarded as short-term. This also applies to short-term grazing lets. Persons renting out land under these types of agreementmay therefore wish to ensure that the tenants are aware of the restrictions applying to land in an NVZ.

• Under long-term arrangements, i.e. periods of more than 2 years, the farmer who is using the land is likely tobe treated as the occupier and will be responsible for compliance with the NVZ rules on that land. For example,if a farmer rents grazing land from a neighbour under a five-year agreement then that land will normally betreated as effectively forming part of the farm to which it is being added, instead of the farm or unit from whichit is being rented.

Assessments to check compliance with the rules will be made on the basis of the circumstances applying in eachindividual case. Further advice can be obtained from your SEERAD Area Office.

MonitoringFarms within NVZs will be monitored to ensure compliance with the Action Programme rules. Separate water qualitymonitoring will also assess the effectiveness of the Action Programme in reducing any water pollution caused bynitrates from agricultural sources.

The occupier of any farm all or part of which is in an NVZ must:

• allow authorised persons to enter the farmland, take samples, install and maintain equipment

• where reasonable and requested, accompany them during the inspection of any land

• produce for inspection any documents or records that may be reasonably required.

EnforcementYou are required by law to meet the obligations of the mandatory measures described in this Booklet. The legislationdoes not allow exceptions to be made.

SEERAD Area office staff are responsible for enforcement of the legislation.

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PenaltiesIf you do not comply with the measures set out in the NVZ Action Programme, SEERAD may serve a notice on you.The notice will explain any required action to be taken and set out any other relevant steps which are considerednecessary to ensure that there is no continuation or repetition of the activity to which the notice relates.

The period for compliance stated in the notice will be sufficient to allow steps to be taken or measures to beimplemented to rectify the contravention and will not be less than 28 days. SEERAD may, at any time, withdraw thenotice or extend the period for compliance. They may also modify the requirements of the notice, but only with theconsent of the person on whom the notice is served. Failure to ensure that an Action Programme is implementedon land in an NVZ or to comply with a notice served by SEERAD is a criminal offence. You are liable on summaryconviction to a maximum fine of £5,000, or on conviction on indictment to a fine of an unlimited amount.

AppealsIf you are served with a statutory notice you may appeal against the notice, to the Scottish Land Court. Any appealshould be submitted within 28 days from the date the notice is served. Further details of the appeals procedurewill be included with any notice served.


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Appendix I. Glossary of Terms

Chemical fertiliser Any nitrogen containing fertiliser which is manufactured by an industrial process, includingblending.

Crop requirement The amount of nitrogen fertiliser which it is reasonable to apply to land in any year. This figureshould take into account the foreseeable nitrogen requirement of the crop growing or to begrown on the land and the nitrogen supply to the crop from the soil and from other sources,including any previous applications of livestock and other organic manure.

DM Dry Matter. The proportion of a material (e.g. animal feed or crop produce) that remains onceany moisture has been removed (usually expressed as a percentage).

Farm* An area or areas of land and related buildings, that are used for the growing of crops or therearing of livestock by an individual farm business.

Farmyard manure A mixture of livestock manure and bedding material which can be stored as a solid andwhich is not capable of being pumped as a semi-solid or liquid.

Farm Waste A plan, often professionally prepared, to investigate the collection, storage and landManagement Plan application of livestock slurries, animal manure and other farm effluents such as dairy(FWMP) washings, silage effluent, drainage from draff pits, etc.

Nitrogen fertiliser Any substance containing a nitrogen compound or nitrogen compounds utilised on land toenhance growth of vegetation; it may include livestock manure, the residues from fish farmsand sewage sludge.

Fertiliser and A plan to assess the crop requirement for nitrogen fertiliser for each crop on each field eachManure Plan year and to establish the quantities of livestock manure produced and safe methods of

collection, storage and land-application.

Field middens Temporary storage of farmyard manure in the field prior to spreading.

Livestock manure Waste products excreted by livestock or a mixture of litter and waste products excreted bylivestock, even in processed form.

Local This includes factors such as soil conditions, soil type, slope, climatic conditions, rainfallenvironmental and irrigation, land use and agricultural practices, including crop rotation systems.factors

Nitrate Vulnerable An area of land identified and designated by Scottish Ministers that drains into waters thatZone (NVZ) are, or could, be affected by nitrate pollution.

Nitrogen Any nitrogen-containing substance except for gaseous molecular nitrogen.compound

Slurry This may be:

• Excreta (including any liquid fraction) produced by livestock whilst in a yard or building.

• A mixture consisting wholly of or containing such excreta, bedding, feed residues, rainwaterand washings from a building or yard used by livestock, dungsteads or middens, high-levelslatted buildings and weeping wall structures, all of which are capable of being pumpedas a semi-solid or liquid.

• Any combination of the above provided such excreta is present.

Uncropped Areas Areas that are not being used for crops or grazing.

NOTES:

*These terms are not standard definitions within the Action Programme rules but are added here for information purposes

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Appendix II. Conversion Factors

Metric Imperial

Areas, weights and volumes:1 hectare (ha) 2.47 acres1 kilogramme (kg) 2.205 pounds1 tonne (t) 0.984 ton1 litre (l) 0.22 gallons1 cubic metre (m3) = 1,000 litres 220 gallons1kg (fertiliser nutrient) 2 units

N, P2O5, or K2O contents of manures:1kg/tonne (FYM) 2.0 units/ton1kg/m3 (slurry) 8.9 units/1,000 gallons

Application rates:1kg/ha (N, P2O5, or K2O) 0.8 units/acre1 t/ha (FYM) 0.4 tons/acre1 m3/ha (slurry) 89 gallons/acre

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LOWER NITHSDALE NVZParish Codes and Names298 Caerlaverock300 Dumfries334 Keir506 Terregles

299 Dalton301 Lochmaben302 Mouswald303 Ruthwell304 Torthorwalk305 Holywood306 Kirkmahoe308 Tinwald330 Closeburn331 Dunscore332 Durisdeer

333 Glencairn335 Morton336 Penpont337 Tynron493 Kirkpatrick Durham501 Lochrutton502 Urr504 Kirkpatrick Irongray505 New Abbey507 Troqueer

NVZ BoundaryContact BoundaryParishes within NVZ


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LOTHIAN/BORDERS NVZParish Codes and Names243 Ayton 371 Ormiston245 Chirnside 372 Pencaitland247 Coldingham 373 Tranent248 Eyemouth 564 Cranston249 Foulden 571 Inveresk250 Hutton 572 Newton251 Mordington 573 Carrington252 Coldstream 575 Dalkeith255 Eccles 576 Newbattle256 Edrom 584 Liberton257 Fogo 774 Ancrum259 Ladykirk 775 Bedrule263 Swinton 776 Crailing264 Whitsome 778 Jedburgh268 Hume 780 Oxnam271 Mertoun 781 Southdean272 Nenthorn 782 Eckford350 Dunbar 783 Ednam353 Prestonkirk 784 Hownam357 Athelstaneford 785 Kelso358 Bolton 786 Linton360 Haddington 787 Makerstoun362 Morham 788 Morebattle363 Saltoun 789 Smailholm365 Aberlady 790 Sprouston366 Dirleton 791 Stichill367 North Berwick 792 Yetholm368 Whitekirk Tyninghame 795 Maxton369 Prestonpans 797 Roxburgh370 Gladsmuir 798 St Boswells

242 Abbey St Bathans 563 Borthwick244 Bunkle and Preston 565 Crichton246 Cockburnspath 566 Fala and Soutra254 Duns 567 Heriot258 Greenlaw 569 Temple260 Langton 570 Lasswade261 Longformacus 574 Cockpen262 Polwarth 578 Penicuik265 Channelkirk 579 Colinton266 Earlston 582 City of Edinburgh267 Gordon 583 Leith270 Legerwood 644 Eddleston273 Westruther 769 Castleton351 Innerwick 770 Cavers352 Oldhamstocks 777 Hobkirk354 Spott 779 Minto355 Stenton 793 Bowden356 Whittinghame 794 Lilliesleaf359 Garvald and Bara 796 Melrose361 Humbie 800 Galashiels364 Yester 801 Selkirk


16

i

410 Kinglassie411 Kirkcaldy and Dysart413 Markinch466 Fettercairn467 Fordoun478 Dunnottar480 Glenbervie485 Cleish

84 Brechin85 Careston87 Edzell91 Menmuir92 Stracathro99 Aberlemno102 Forfar103 Glamis109 Rescobie

112 Fern113 Glenisla114 Kingoldrum115 Kirriemuir116 Lintrathen398 Dunfermline403 Auchterderran405 Ballingry


17


STRATHMORE AND FIFE NVZ

86 Dun 379 Creich 474 Arbuthnott90 Logie Pert 380 Cults 475 Benholm93 Arbirlot 381 Cupar 476 Bervie94 Arbroath and St Vigeans 382 Dairsie 477 St Cyrus95 Barry 383 Dunbog 481 Kinneff96 Carmyllie 384 Falkland 487 Kinross97 Monikie 385 Flisk 488 Orwell98 Panbride 386 Kemback 657 Madderty100 Dunnichen 387 Kettle 661 Trinity Gask101 Eassie and Nevay 388 Kilmany 666 Cargill104 Guthrie 389 Logie 668 Collace105 Inverarity 390 Monimail 669 Coupar Angus106 Kinnettles 391 Moonzie 673 Meigle107 Kirkden 392 Newburgh 675 St Martins110 Airlie 393 Strathmiglo 685 Aberdalgie117 Ruthven 408 Kennoway 686 Abernethy119 Auchterhouse 412 Leslie 687 Abernyte120 Dundee 414 Scoonie 688 Arngask121 Fowlie Easter 415 Wemyss 690 Dron122 Kettins 416 Anstruther West and East 691 Dunbarney123 Liff and Benvie 417 Cameron 692 Errol124 Lundie 418 Carnbee 693 Forgandenny125 Mains & Strathmartine 419 Crail 694 Forteviot126 Monifieth 420 Dunino 695 Findo Gask127 Murroes 421 Elie 696 Inchture128 Newtyle 422 Ferry-Port-on-Craig 697 Kilspindie129 Tealing 423 Forgan 698 Kinclaven130 Craig 424 Kilconquhar 699 Kinfauns131 Farnell 425 Kilrenny 700 Kinnaird132 Inverkeilor 426 Kingsbarns 701 Kinnoull133 Kinnell 427 Largo 702 Longforgan134 Lunan 428 Leuchars 704 Moneydie135 Maryton 429 Newburn 705 Perth136 Montrose 430 Pittenweem 706 Redgorton374 Abdie 431 St Andrews & St Leonards 707 Rhynd375 Auchtermuchty 432 St Monance 708 St Madoes376 Balmerino 468 Garvock 709 Scone377 Ceres 469 Laurencekirk 710 Tibbermore378 Collessie 470 Marykirk

888999111

656 Logie Almond658 Monzievaird and Strowan660 Muthill662 Alyth663 Bendochy664 Blairgowrie665 Caput667 Clunie

670 Kinloch672 Lethendy674 Rattray678 Dunkeld and Dowally681 Little Dunkeld689 Auchtergaven703 Methven712 Ardoch

486 Fossoway489 Portmoak649 Auchterarder650 Blackford652 Crieff653 Dunning654 Fowlis Wester655 Glendevon


18

i

76 Glass77 Huntly78 Rhynie222 Marnoch223 Ordiquhill228 Rathven230 Deskford233 Cabrach

1 Aberdeen8 Newhills11 Peterculter14 Auchindoir and Kearn16 Glenbuchat18 Kildrummy20 Leochel – Cushnie22 Tough

23 Towie40 Cluny41 Coull44 Kincardine O’Neil46 Lumphanan48 Tarland72 Cairnie75 Gartly


19


MORAY/ABERDEENSHIRE/BANFF & BUCHAN NVZParish Codes and Names2 Belhelvie 56 Udny3 Drumoak 57 Bourtie4 Dyce 58 Chapel of Garioch5 Echt 59 Culsalmond6 Fintray 60 Daviot7 Kinellar 61 Insch9 New Machar 62 Inverurie10 Old Machar 63 Keithhall and Kinkell12 Skene 64 Kemnay13 Alford 65 Kintore15 Clatt 66 Leslie17 Keig 67 Meldrum19 Kennethmont 68 Monymusk24 Tullynessle and Forbes 69 Oyne25 Aberdour 70 Premnay26 Crimond 71 Rayne27 Fraserburgh 73 Drumblade28 Longside 74 Forgue29 Lonmay 79 Auchterless30 New Deer 80 Fyvie31 Old Deer 81 King Edward32 Peterhead 82 Monquhitter33 Pitsligo 83 Turriff34 Rathen 220 Forglen35 St Fergus 221 Inverkeithny36 Strichen 224 Alvah37 Tyrie 225 Banff47 Midmar 226 Boyndie49 Cruden 227 Gamrie50 Ellon 229 Cullen51 Foveran 231 Fordyce52 Logie – Buchan 587 Drainie52 Logie – Buchan 588 Duffus53 Methlick 589 Spynie54 Slains 590 Alves55 Tarves 596 Urquhart

479 Fetteresso482 Banchory – Ternan483 Durris591 Birnie592 Elgin593 St Andrews – Lhanbryd594 Bellie

595 Speymouth597 Dallas599 Edinkillie600 Forres601 Kinloss602 Rafford604 Rothes

237 Boharm239 Grange240 Keith241 Rothiemay471 Banchory – Devenick472 Maryculter473 Nigg

AyrRussell HouseKing StreetAYRKA8 OBE

Tel: 01292 610188

Dumfries161 Brooms RoadDUMFRIESDG1 3ES

Tel: 01387 255292

Elgin32 Reidhaven StreetELGINIV30 1QH

Tel: 01343 547514

GalashielsCotgreen RoadTweedbankGALASHIELS

Tel: 01896 758333

HamiltonCadzow Court,3 Wellhall RoadHAMILTONML3 9BG

Tel: 01698 281166

InvernessGovernment Building28 Longman RoadINVERNESSIV1 1SF

Tel: 01463 234141

InverurieThainstone CourtThainstone Agricultural

CentreBY INVERURIE

Tel: 01467 626222

LairgOrd CroftLAIRGIV27 4AZ

Tel: 01549 402167

ObanCameron HouseAlbany StreetOBANPA34 4AE

Tel: 01631 563071

PerthStrathearn HouseBroxden Business ParkLamberkine RoadPERTHPH1 1RZ

Tel: 01738 602000

ThursoStrathbeg HouseClarence StreetTHURSOKW14 7JS

Tel: 01847 893104

SEPA Aberdeen OfficeGreyhope HouseGreyhope RoadTorryABERDEENAB11 9RD

Tel: 01224 248338Fax: 01224 248591

SEPA Arbroath Office62 High StreetARBROATHDD11 1AW

Tel: 01241 874370Fax: 01241 430695

SEPA Corporate OfficeErskine CourtCastle Business ParkSTIRLINGFK9 4TR

Tel: 01786 457700Fax: 01786 446885

SEPA Dingwall OfficeGraesser HouseFodderty WayDingwall Business ParkDINGWALLIV15 9XB

Tel: 01349 862021Fax: 01349 863987

SEPA Dumfries OfficeRivers HouseIrongray RoadDUMFRIESDG2 0JE

Tel: 01387 720502Fax: 01387 721154

SEPA Edinburgh OfficeClearwater HouseHeriot-Watt Research

ParkAvenue NorthRiccartonEDINBURGHEH14 4AP

Tel: 0131 449 7296Fax: 0131 449 7277

SEPA Elgin Office28 Perimeter RoadPinefieldELGINIV30 6AF

Tel: 01343 547663Fax: 01343 540884

SEPA Fraserburgh Office

Shaw HouseMid StreetFRASERBURGHAB43 9JN

Tel: 01346 510502Fax: 01346 515444

SEPA Galashiels OfficeBurnbraeMossilee RoadGALASHIELSTD1 1NF

Tel: 01896 754797Fax: 01896 754412

SEPA GlenrothesOffice

Pentland CourtThe Saltire CentreGLENROTHESKY6 2DA

Tel: 01592 776910Fax: 01592 775923

SEPA Perth Office7 Whitefriars CrescentPERTHPH2 0PA

Tel: 01738 627989Fax: 01738 630997

SEPA Stirling OfficeBremner HouseCastle Business ParkSTIRLINGFK9 4TR

Tel: 01786 461407Fax: 01786 461425


20

i

CONTACTSSEERAD mainland Area Offices

Scottish Environment Protection Agency

w w w . s c o t l a n d . g o v . u k

Astron B29322

1


A Fertiliser and Manure Plan must be prepared and implemented each year. Detailed guidance on itspreparation is provided in this Booklet.

To help you produce a Fertiliser and Manure Plan, this guidance pack includes appropriate reference material. Thisincludes:

• Blank Tables which, when completed, allow you to calculate the necessary information.

• Reference Tables that contain all the necessary data to help you complete the blank tables. See Booklet 3,‘Nitrogen recommendation Tables for cereals, oilseed rape, potatoes and grassland’.

If you have applied livestock manures, then some of the information you require will be calculated separately,using Booklet 2 ‘Fertiliser and Manure Plan – Part 2, Manure Planning’.

• Step-by-step guides that take you through the processes required for completing the blank tables and thevarious calculations, along with appropriate worked examples.

• It is recommended that you read through this guidance with Booklet 3 and the blank Table A to hand, as thiswill help clarify the various steps and familiarise you with their use. All references to Table and page numbers,in this guidance, relate to Booklet 3 unless stated otherwise.

Note that the basic elements of the Fertiliser and Manure Plan must have been prepared in time for thestart of the NVZ year i.e. by 19th December in each year.

• You will be expected to have started the plan by entering the known cropping details for each field that wassown in the autumn or that will remain in grassland. You should also enter the intended cropping for fields thatare to be sown in the Spring (the plan can always be adjusted if this changes for any reason).

• You should have calculated the recommended N requirement, taking account of adjustments such as manureapplications to the previous crop or winter manure applications made for the current/planned crop.

• The plan should then be up-dated, as appropriate, to take account of factors such as winter and spring rainfalland spring livestock manure applications, which require further adjustments to the recommended N rate.

Booklet

Fert i l iser and Manure PlansPart 1 – Determining crop and

grassland N requirements

Step-by-step guide for cropped fields and fields where new grass is to be establishedThis guidance takes you through the steps required to complete Table A. Page and Table references refer toBooklet 3.

Step 1: Complete the basic farm details for the 12-month period which the plan covers. List each FID incolumn 1 and enter the appropriate cropping details in column 3/4.

Step 2: Enter the soil type for each FID into column 2. If you do not know the soil type, page 3 takes youthrough the steps required to assess it.

Step 3: Determine the residual N group. This is based on the previous crop (or management of grass/cloverswards) and is determined from Table 4. Enter the result in column 5.

Step 4: Assess the N requirement for each crop. This takes account of the soil type and residual N groupand is assessed using the relevant crop Table from Booklet 3.

Note that any seedbed requirement for a winter-sown crop is entered at column 6.

The figure entered into column ‘a’ is the basic N requirement for the crop in the year for which the planis being prepared. The remaining steps are used to adjust this figure taking account of intended market,sowing date, rainfall and livestock manure applications.

Step 5: Adjust the N requirement for intended market, late sowing etc., using the information provided in therelevant crop Table. Enter any adjustments in column b.

Step 6: If no livestock manure has been applied for the planned crop, proceed to Step 7.

If livestock manure has been applied for the planned crop, calculate the N available from livestockmanure applications. This information is calculated separately using Booklet 2, Manure Planning.Enter the figure to be deducted in column c.

Step 7: If no livestock manure has been applied for the previous crop, proceed to Step 8.

If livestock manure was applied for the previous crop, calculate the N available from previous livestockmanures. This information is calculated separately using Booklet 2, Manure Planning. Enter theamount to be deducted in column d.

Step 8: Add columns ‘b’, ‘c’ and ‘d’, and enter the total N adjustments in column e.

Step 9: Re-calculate the required rate of N fertiliser (kg/ha) and enter in column f.

Step 10: Adjust in March for actual winter rainfall using the relevant crop Table from Booklet 3. Enter the figurein column g and enter the adjusted figure in column h.

Step 11: Adjust for spring rainfall where more than 200mm (8 inches) of rain has fallen between the first andfinal spring N dressing using the appropriate crop Table. Enter the figure in column i and calculate theupdated application rate as appropriate, entering the result in column j.

You will now have calculated the N requirement for each crop on the holding.

2

Booklet1

3

Example/00001

-15

OMS SB(F) SP 3 0 110

IACS FieldIdentifier (FID)xx/xxxx/xxxx

1

Forintended

market, etc.b

Adjustments of N (kg/ha) Adjustments of N(kg/ha)

-36

Manurefor

plannedcrop

c

-9

Manurefor

previouscrop

d

-60

Totalb+c+d = e

50

AdjustedN rate(kg/ha)a+e = f

+10

forwinterrainfall

g

60

UpdatedN rate(kg/ha)f+g = h

0

For springrainfall

i

60

UpdatedN rate(kg/ha)h+i=j

Soil Type2

Planned3

Crop N for next crop

Previous4

Nresidue

group 1-65

Autumn(kg/ha)

6

Spring(kg/ha)

a

Worked example: Assessment of N requirement for established fields and new grass fields• A crop of Spring barley is being grown for feed in a 3.83ha field on heavy soil, following seed potatoes.

• 115m3 of 6% dry matter slurry was applied in March (incorporated within 6 hours), prior to sowing the barley.

• 115m3 of similar slurry was applied in the previous February, prior to planting the seed potatoes.

• Winter rainfall was 550mm and 40mm fell between the 1st and 2nd Spring N applications.

• The barley was sown 10 days later than the optimum sowing date for the area.

Step 1: Enter the farm name, the farm code and the 12 month period of the plan. List each field and enter thecurrent and previous crops.

Step 2: Assess the soil type using the guidance at page 3. In this case the soil type would be Other MineralSoil.

Step 3: Using Table 4, the N residue group for seed potatoes is group 3.

Step 4: Using the relevant crop Table, determine the N requirement for the crop taking account of the soil typeand the N residue group. In this case the relevant Table is Table 7 and the crop requirement is 110kg N/ha.

The first 4 steps provide us with the necessary information to complete the first 7 columns of Table A, as in theexample below. The remaining steps are used to adjust the column ‘a’ figure as appropriate.

Step 5: Adjust the N requirement for intended market or late sowing date. In this case the crop was sown 10 dayslater than the optimum date. Using Table 7 the required adjustment is -1.5kg/ha per day i.e -15kg N/ha.

Step 6: The N available from current manure applications is calculated separately using Booklet 2 (see workedexample at page 9 of Booklet 2). In this case 36kg/ha has to be deducted from the recommendedamount.

Step 7: The N available from previous manure applications is calculated separately using Booklet 2 (seeworked example at page 9). In this case, the slurry applied for the seed potatoes requires 9kg N/ha tobe deducted.

Step 8: Calculate the total N adjustments. In this case 60kg N/ha have to be deducted.

Step 9: Taking account of the deductions, the revised N requirement is 50kg N/ha.

Step 10: Adjust for Winter rainfall. Using Table 7, locate the appropriate N residue group (in this case ‘3’) andthe appropriate soil type at the winter rainfall section (in this case ‘All other soils’). The adjustment is+10kg/ha. This gives us a revised rate of 60kg N/ha.

Step 11: Follow the same procedure as above for Spring rainfall. In this case no adjustment is required.

The remaining columns of the Table would be completed as follows:

Fertiliser and Manure Plans Part 1 – Determining crop and grassland N requirements

Step-by-step guide for established grass fields, using Table B

This guidance takes you through the steps required to complete Table B. Page and Table references refer toBooklet 3.

Step 1: Complete the basic farm details and the 12-month period that the plan covers. List each FID incolumn ‘a’.

Step 2: Enter the soil type for each FID into column ‘b’. If you do not know the soil type, page 3 takes youthrough the steps required to assess it.

Step 3: Assess the site class.

• To assess this you will need to refer to Table 2 and determine the annual rainfall, between April andSeptember, for your area.

• This information is then used, along with the soil type, to assess the site class using Table 3.

• Enter the result in column ‘c’.

Step 4: Determine the residual N group. This is based on the previous management of the grassland and isdetermined from Table 4. Enter the result in column ‘d’.

Step 5: Assess the N requirement for grass in each field.

• This takes account of the site class and residual N group.

• It is assessed using Table 14 or 15, depending on clover content.

• Enter the result in column ‘e’.

The figure entered into column ‘e’ represents the basic N requirement for the crop. The remainingsteps are used to adjust this figure taking account of intended management and livestock manureapplications.

Step 6: Enter the intended management regime into columns ‘f’, ‘g’ and ‘h’, as appropriate.

Step 7: Adjust the N requirement for intended management.

• Select the appropriate management regime from Table 14 or 15 and enter the required adjustmentin column ‘I’.

Step 8: If no livestock manure has been applied for the planned crop, proceed to step 9.

If livestock manure has been applied for the planned crop, calculate the N available from livestockmanure applications. This information is calculated separately using Booklet 2, Manure Planning.Enter the figure to be deducted in column ‘j’.

Step 9: If no livestock manure has been applied for the previous crop, proceed to step 10.

If livestock manure was applied for the previous crop, calculate the N available from previous livestockmanures. This information is calculated separately using Booklet 2, Manure Planning. Enter the amountto be deducted in column ‘k’.

Step 10: Add columns ‘i’, ‘j’ and ‘k’, and enter the total N adjustments in column ‘l’.

Step 11: Re-calculate the required rate of N fertiliser by adding the values from columns ‘e’+‘l’. Enter theupdated N requirement into column ‘m’.

You will now have calculated the N requirement for each grass crop in each field on the holding.

4

Booklet1

Worked example: Assessment of N requirement for established grass fields• A 15ha grass field with a low clover content is being used for silage production.

• It is intended that 2 cuts will be taken and one application of chemical N will be made to the aftermath.

• The soil type in the field is ‘other mineral soil’ and average local rainfall, from April to September, is 450mm.

• The field is entering its third year in grass and has received an average of over 150kg/N ha in the previous 2 years.It has not been grazed in the last 2 months, or in September or October.

• A total of 450m3 (i.e. 30m3/ha) of 6% dry matter dairy slurry was applied in the Spring.

Step 1: Enter the farm name, the farm code and the 12 month period of the plan. List each field in column ‘a’.

Step 2: Enter the soil type into column ‘b’. In this case the soil type is OMS.

Step 3: Assess the site class using Table 2 to determine the rainfall and Table 3 to assess the site class. Fromthe average Summer rainfall and the soil type, this is a site class 2.

Step 4: Determine the residual N group using Table 4. Previous N applications and the grazing regime put thisinto the ‘1-2 year high N ley’ category. It is therefore in N residue group 3.

Step 5: Assess the N requirement. The sward has a low clover content, so use Table 14. The N requirement forgrass growing on a site class 2 field, with N residues falling into group 3, is 200kg N/ha.

Step 6: Enter the intended management regime into columns ‘f’, ‘g’ and ‘h’. Columns ‘a’ to ‘h’ would now becompleted as follows:

5

Step 7: Adjust the N requirement for intended management. 2 cuts of silage, with one application to theaftermath grazing, requires an additional 100kg N/ha.

Step 8: The N available from manure applications for the planned crop is calculated separately at Booklet 2(see worked example on page 9), In this case the adjustment is -27kg N/ha.

Step 9: No livestock manure was applied in the previous year.

Step 10: Sum columns ‘i’, ‘j’ and ‘k’. The total adjustments amount to +73kg N/ha.

Step 11: Recalculate the required rate of N fertiliser. In this case the adjusted requirement is 273kg/ha.Columns ‘i’ to ‘m’ would be completed, as below:

Example/00002

IACSField identifier

orField Name

Column a

For intendedmanagement

Adjustments of N (kg/ha)

i j k l m

+100 -27 0 +73 273

Manures forplanned crop

Manures forprevious crop

Total adjustment(kg/ha)

= ( i+j+k)

Updated N rate(kg/ha)= (e+l)

Soil type

b

OMS 2 3 200 silage 2 1

Site class1 – 5

c

N residuegroup1 – 6

d

Nrequirement

(kg/ha)

e

Intended Management

f. enter whether grazing, silage or hayg. enter no. of cuts, if silage or hayh. enter number of N applications to be

made to grazing/aftermath grazing

f g h


In field composting of vegetable crop residues to minimise nitrate leaching

IntroductionThese paragraphs give an outline of how in-field composting of leafy vegetable residues can reduce nitrateleaching, and some examples of how the process works. More details are available in the SAC Technical Note(T487) “Incorporation of C-rich organic amendments with N-rich vegetable crop residues to minimise nitrateleaching”.

Why use in-field composting?Nitrogen returns from vegetable crops are much higher than from cereals, and are extremely variable dependingon the harvest index and the amount of crop that can be marketed as well as fertiliser and management practice.Soil mineral N analysis at harvest to a depth of 50cm will give an estimate of the residual mineral N in the soil.Table A (below) shows typical potential N leaching from crop residues for a range of vegetable crops.

A: Nitrogen content of vegetable crop residues and potential leaching of nitrate-N.

N content of crop residues Potential leaching from residuesCrop (kg/ha) (kg/ha)

Onion 13 6

Lettuce (round) 21 12

Carrot 66 19

Celery 50 21

Spinach 34 23

Cabbage (green) 57 25

Iceberg Lettuce 49 30

Leeks 61 35

Green Beans 89 45

White Cabbage 142 66

Red Cabbage 145 69

Broccoli 135 78

Savoy Cabbage 152 80

Brussels Sprouts 215 99

Peas 200 104

Cauliflower 163 104

• Nitrogen leaching from crops may be reduced by the incorporation of straw or Paper Mill Sludge (PMS)

• The N is “locked up” to be released at a later date

Assessment of the amount of locked up N and timing of releaseSome of the nitrogen locked up will be released later. The amount of lock up depends on the organic carbon andnitrogen contents. This nitrogen can be considered as extra nitrogen available for vegetable crops planted in thespring. Tables B and C on the next page show the potential amount of lock-up of nitrogen from September till theend of December by a one tonne DM/ha application of waste material, when incorporated with vegetable cropresidues at the end of September. It also gives figures for the potential for release of this N from January to June.

It is important that the waste material is applied before the end of September.

6

Booklet1

Potential autumn lock-up of nitrogen and release in spring after application of paper mill sludgeand straw in September.

Table B: Paper mill sludge

N content Potential autumn lock-up of N Potential spring release of N% (kg N/ha) (kg N/ha)

0.6 -3.9 -0.2

0.8 -2.0 0.5

1.0 -0.4 0.8

1.2 1.2 1.1

Table C: Straw

N content Potential autumn lock-up of N Potential spring release of N% (kg N/ha) (kg N/ha)

0.6 -9.7 -0.4

0.8 -8.1 -0.1

1.0 -6.5 0.2

1.2 -4.9 0.5

Note: Positive values imply increase in mineral N availability for crop uptake or leaching; negative values implydecreased availability.

Applications after the end of September will not be as effective, the locking-up process may then continue into thespring reducing nitrogen availability for early spring growth.

PrecautionsIt is important to realise that the composition of Paper Mill Sludge (PMS) is very variable depending upon the typeof paper being created. The carbon:nitrogen ratio can vary considerably and some types of PMS may containtoxic elements. An analysis of the PMS prior to application is essential in order to ensure that it is suitable forincorporation into the soil.

The Paper Federation of Great Britain has produced a Code of Practice for Land-spreading Paper Mill Sludge,which you should consult. SEPA are also producing guidance and you should take account of the general guidanceon waste disposal contained within the PEPFAA Code.

Calculation of the quantity of straw or PMS to applyCalculating suitable amounts of cellulose based waste to apply to vegetable crop residues is illustrated in theexamples on the next page.

7


Worked Example: Estimating quantities of cellulose based wastes and their impact on N availability

Broccoli crop residue incorporated in September. The residual soil mineral at harvest is 42kg/ha. after soil analysis.Paper mill sludge containing 0.6% nitrogen is to be used.

• Calculate the expected nitrogen release by adding the amount of potential leaching from residues to theamount of soil mineral residue nitrogen at harvest. Using Table A, the potential leaching from broccoli cropresidues is 78kg/ha. The expected N release (potential for leaching) is:

42 + 78 = 120kg/ha

• Calculate the quantity of waste material applied by dividing the expected nitrogen release by the potentialautumn lock-up. Table B on the previous page gives a lock-up figure of 3.9kg N/tonne DM PMS. The suitablewaste material application is:

120 ÷ 3.9 = 30.8 t PMS/ha

• Calculate the expected extra release of nitrogen by multiplying the waste application rate by the potential springrelease of nitrogen found from Table B. For this example, Table B gives a value of -0.2:

30.8 × (-0.2) = -6.16kg N/ha

• The negative figure indicates that lock up is still occurring, so a small increase in fertiliser nitrogen the followingyear may be appropriate.

Worked Example: Estimating quantities of cellulose based wastes and their impact on N availability

Iceberg lettuce crop residue incorporated in September. The residual soil mineral at harvest is 46kg/ha. After soilanalysis. Straw containing 1% nitrogen is to be used.

• Calculate the expected nitrogen release by adding the amount of potential leaching from residues to the amount ofsoil mineral residue nitrogen at harvest. Using Table A, the potential leaching from crop residues is 30kg/ha.The expected nitrogen release (potential for leaching) is:

46 + 30 = 76kg/ha

• Calculate the quantity of waste material applied by dividing the expected nitrogen release by the potentialautumn lock-up. Table C on the previous page gives a lock-up figure of -6.5kg N/tonne DM straw. The suitablewaste material application is:

76 ÷ 6.5 = 11.7 t DM Straw/ha

• Calculate the expected extra release of nitrogen by multiplying the waste application rate by the potential springrelease of nitrogen found from the tables on the previous page. For this example, Table C gives a value of 0.2:

11.7 × 0.2 = 2.3kg N/ha

• i.e. so a small downward adjustment in fertiliser nitrogen the following year can be made.

8

Booklet1


Astron B29322


Booklet

Fert i l iser and Manure PlansPart 2 – Manure Planning

2

Farm based limit (including grazingdeposition)

250kg organic N/ha, averagedover all of the grassland in anNVZ*

170kg organic N/ha, averagedover all of the non-grassland in anNVZ*

Grassland Non-Grassland

1. What are the farm and field based limits?The NVZ Action Programme rules set farm based limits for the amount of total nitrogen that can be applied eachyear in the form of organic manures. These limits are set out on page 5 of the Introductory Booklet. The Tablebelow provides a summary:

* Note: Although the farm limits are averaged over the whole of the grassland or non-grassland area, applicationsof organic N cannot exceed 250kg/ha on any individual field. This individual field limit excludes any grazingdeposition.

These are annual limits calculated for the period 19 December to 18 December and apply to all organic manureand wastes (e.g. livestock slurry, FYM, poultry manure and sewage sludge).

The step-by-step guides on the following pages show how to calculate whether there is enough land available forspreading organic manures.

2. Is there enough storage for slurry?The NVZ Action Programme rules prohibit the spreading of slurry, poultry manure or liquid digested sewagesludge on sandy or shallow soils for the period between:

• 1 October and 1 November in any year where the land is in grass or is to be sown with an autumn sown crop

• 1 August and 1 November in any other case

You will need at least enough storage to cover these closed periods. If you have insufficient storage to coverthe closed periods or any other period when organic manures cannot be applied to your land, then you may beconsidered for a 40% grant under the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone Grant Scheme (NVZGS). In order to be eligible forthe scheme you must have prepared a Farm Waste Management Plan. Further details of the Grant scheme areavailable from your SEERAD Area Office.

These restricted periods do not apply to FYM (straw based manures). For definitions of “sandy” and “shallow”soils see Booklet 3, page 3.

Closed periods are fully explained at page 6 of the Introductory Booklet.

3. How much will manure applications reduce the requirement forinorganic fertiliser nitrogen?

The amount of nitrogen available to the crop following the application of manure depends on the type of manure,the soil type, the timing and the method of application. Guidance provided in the PEPFAA Code of Good Practicegives details of application rates and the risks involved in spreading slurry.

• The surface application rate should not exceed 50m3/ha (4500 gallons/acre), although in practice, applicationrates seldom exceed 30m3/ha (2700 gallons/acre)

• Any repeat application should not be made within three weeks

• Inorganic nitrogen fertiliser applications must be reduced to allow for additional nitrogen supplied by manures

Calculation guide: Is enough land available for spreading all organic manures?

Step 1: Complete Table C, entering the appropriate details for each field within the NVZ.

• Enter each FID into the first column.

• Enter the area of each grassland field into column ‘a’.

• Enter the area of each non-grassland field into column ‘b’;

• Enter ‘no-spread’ areas, as appropriate into columns ‘c’, ‘d’, and ‘e’.

➧ Buffers = field areas within 10m of either side of any watercourse (including ditches and piped ditches) or within50m of any spring, well, borehole similar water supply.

➧ Slopes = field areas on very steep slopes where there is a high risk of runoff throughout the year.

➧ Other = field areas where the requirements of conservation management prohibit applications of organicmanures or where spreading equipment cannot be used effectively. Land that has never had manureapplications is unlikely to be suitable for spreading.

Step 2: Complete the following calculations:

1. Total column ‘a’ in box ‘A’. This gives you the total area of fields in grassland.

2. Total column ‘b’ in box ‘B’. This gives you the total area of fields not in grassland.

3. Calculate the area of each field that is available for spreading organic manure by deducting the ‘no-spread’areas from the total field area. Enter the result in column ‘f’.

4. Calculate the maximum amount of organic N that can be spread on each field by multiplying the column ‘f’figure by 250. Enter the result in column ‘g’.

Step 3: Calculate the Farm-based limits for the total grassland and non-grassland areas on the farm, using theinformation derived from Table C. Adding the two limits together gives us the overall farm limit, whichcan be compared with the actual amount of organic N produced by livestock on the holding.

Grassland limit = (A × 250)kg organic N/ha, averaged over all of the grassland

Non-Grassland limit = (B × 170)kg organic N/ha, averaged over all of the non-grassland

Overall farm limit = (A × 250) + (B × 170)kg organic N/ha

These farm-based limits include grazing deposition. If a field is likely to change from (say) grassland to non-grassland use during the year, then the predominant land use through the year should be used to determine theappropriate field category.

Note: The column ‘g’ figure in table C represents the maximum amount of organic N that can be spread on anindividual field during the NVZ year. This individual field limit does not include any organic N deposited by animalswhilst occupying the field.

Careful planning is required to ensure that total applications do not exceed either the individual field limit,or the farm-based limits for grassland and non-grassland areas.

Step 4: Calculate the total N likely to be produced, by completing Table D.

• Record the number of livestock in each stock category.

• Multiply the number of stock units by the total nitrogen excreted by 1 stock unit.

• The total nitrogen produced by livestock on the farm is then the sum of the category values.

You will now have an estimate of the total Nitrogen that will be produced by livestock on the farm.

Note: You will have to re-calculate your figures if there is a change to your normal stocking, e.g. if additional animalsare brought on for fattening.

2

Booklet2

3

Fertiliser and Manure Plans Part 2 – Manure Planning

The actual amount of N produced by livestock may vary, depending on diet and other details of the productionsystem. These factors may be taken into account when calculating the actual amount of N produced on the holding.However, if you decide to use different N excreta rates, you should keep adequate records, e.g. slurry and FYManalyses and details of diet.

A simplified assessment of compliance with the limits can be undertaken using Table E. This uses standard figures,which represent typical nitrogen excreta rates for different types of livestock. The table converts these standardfigures into the animal numbers per hectare that equate with the Farm Based grass and non-grassland limits.

Step 5: Compare the amount identified at Step 4 with the Overall Farm limit identified at Step 3.

If the amount of N produced exceeds the permitted application limit you will have to utilise the excess manureelsewhere.

Step 6: Analyse the figures in terms of current/proposed spreading practices.

Step 7: If you import organic manures (including sewage sludge or other non-agricultural organic wastes),calculate the amount of organic N that can be imported.

Total N that can be imported as organic manures = Overall Farm limit – N produced on farm

Note: It is a legal requirement to maintain acceptable records where organic manures are moved off the farm onwhich they are produced or where they have been brought onto a farm. The records must be kept for 5 yearsand include details of the quantities, dates and the recipient or supplier. Detailed guidance on record keeping isprovided in Section 2 of the Introductory Booklet.

Worked Example: Is enough land available for spreading all organic manures?

Dairy Farm

• A dairy farm occupies 68ha of land. 50ha are down to grass and the remaining 18ha are non-grassland.There are various non-spreading areas in the fields, as entered in table C below.

• Stock never occupy the non-grassland area and all organic manure is currently applied to the grassland.

• Typical stocking through the year is as follows: 100 dairy cows (550kg)24 heifer replacements >24 months24 heifer replacements, 12-24 months24 heifer replacements, 6-12 months48 heifer calves, 0-6 months

Step 1: Enter details for each field on the holding into columns ‘a’ to ‘e’ of Table C.

Step 2: Complete the various calculations within Table C as shown below:

Farm code xxx/xxxx

4

Booklet2

Field 1 10 – 0.4 0.0 0.2 9.4 × 250 = 2,350

Field 2 15 – 0.3 0.1 0.1 14.5 × 250 = 3,625

Field 3 12 – 0.2 – – 11.8 × 250 = 2,950

Field 4 8 – 0.3 – – 7.7 × 250 = 1,925

Field 6 5 – – – 0.1 4.9 × 250 = 1,225

Field 7 – 10 0.4 – 0.2 9.4 × 250 = 2,350

Field 8 – 8 – – – 8 × 250 = 2,000

× 250 =

Total A = 50 B = 18 Complete Farm limit calculations below or continue on another sheetif there are more fields to enter.

IACS field no.(or other)

xx/xxxx/xxxx

Grassfields(ha)

a

Farm-based limit: Maximum organic N loading for land within NVZ (including grazing deposition)

Grassland limit = (A × 250)kg organic N/year = 12,500

Non-Grassland limit = (B × 170)kg organic N/year = 3,060

Overall Farm limit: For comparison with actual organic N produced by livestock on the holding

Overall Farm limit = (A × 250) + (B × 170)kg organic N/year = 15,560

Non-grassfields(ha)b

Buffersc

Slopesd

Othere

Areas to be deducted (ha)Available

spreading area(ha)

a or b-(c+d+e)

f

Field spreading limit,excluding grazing

deposition (subject tofarm based limits not

being breached)(kg organic N)

g

Step 3: Calculate the Farm based limits

Step 4: Enter the numbers for each category of stock expected to be on the holding throughout the year, intoTable D.

5


Step 5: Table D demonstrates that 12,744kg N are likely to be produced by livestock on the holding. This iswithin the overall Farm limit, previously identified at Step 3, but further analysis is required to determinewhere spreading can take place.

Step 6: Analyse the figures in terms of current/proposed spreading practices.

In our example all of the organic N is currently being applied to the grassland, either by way of grazing depositionor in the form of slurry/FYM applications. The total organic N production is 12,744kg, compared to a Grasslandlimit of 12,500kg. Continuing with the current grazing and spreading practices would therefore result in a breach ofthe Action Programme Rules. In this case the solution would be to apply the ‘surplus’ manure to the arable land.

Further planning will be required to determine the fields where the organic manure can be spread and at what rateit can be applied. The last section in this booklet takes you through the steps required for calculating how muchwill organic manure applications reduce the need for inorganic fertiliser nitrogen. The same steps can also beused to explore alternative application strategies.

1 Dairy Cow (550kg) 100 96 9,600

1 Dairy heifer replacement/fattener 2-year or over 24 58 1,392

1 Grower/fattener 12 – 24 months 24 47 1,128

1 Young beast 6 – 12 months 24 12 288

1 Calf (to 6 months)1 48 7 336

Total N produced (kg N/year) 12,744

Stock UnitNumber ofstock units

Total Nexcreted by

one stock unit(kg/year)

Total Nexcreted by

all stock(kg/year)

6

Booklet2

Calculate the totalsurface area in m2}

Volume of rain Area of slurry store and yards etc. (m2) × Average monthly rainfall (mm)draining to slurry =store per month (m3)

1,000

Step 3: Calculate dirty water production from other sources e.g. milking parlour/dairy washings or washing downpig pens

Note: Dairy/parlour wash water, that is collected separately from slurry, is not regarded as slurry under the NVZrules and can be spread at any time, subject to the requirements of the PEPFAA code.

If you know the actual amount of dirty water produced from cleaning operations, then use the actual figures. If youdo not know the actual figures, use the following figures, which represent the typical daily quantity of waterproduced during cleaning operations.

• For Dairy cows the typical daily production is 18 litres per animal/day.Monthly production (m3) = (number of milking cows × 18 × number of days in month) ÷ 1000.

• For cleaning out pig pens after each batch of pigs (10 pigs per batch), the typical production is 18 litres/batch.Monthly production (m3) = (number pens cleaned per month × 18) ÷ 1000.

Step 4: Calculate the slurry storage requirement

For the purpose of the NVZ Regulations, this step is only applicable if you are affected by the closed periodsfor spreading slurry, poultry manure and liquid digested sewage sludge on Sandy/Shallow soils.

Slurry storage requirement =

(Total volume of slurry + Volume of rainfall into slurry store + Volume of dirty water) m3/month

The slurry storage capacity must be sufficient to store all of the slurry production that cannot be spread, due tothe closed period restrictions.

Calculation guide – Is there enough storage for slurry?

Step 1: Calculate monthly slurry production

The quantity of slurry produced each month is calculated by completing Table F. If some of the excreta is collectedas solid manure and stored separately estimate the proportion handled as slurry.

• Enter the number of stock against each category

• Enter the proportion of waste collected as slurry, if not 100%

• Multiply the number of stock by the proportion of waste collected as slurry and then multiply by the monthlyvolume of slurry produced

• Total the figures for the different stock categories

You will now have calculated the total volume of slurry produced each month.

Step 2: Calculate the volume of rain draining to the slurry store. Drainage from the following areas should beconsidered, if it drains to the slurry store:

➧ The volume of rain falling directly into the slurry store

➧ Drainage from all contaminated yards which drain to the slurry store

➧ Drainage from uncovered silage clamps and dung stores

➧ Runoff from roofs and yard drains

Exclude runoff from clean yard areas and roof areas if it is collected and discharged into a clean drain. Similarly,rainwater that has passed across a fouled concrete yard, but is collected separately from slurry, is not regardedas slurry under the NVZ rules and can be spread at any time, on any soil, subject to the requirements of thePEPFAA code.

A simplified approach to calculating your minimum closed period requirement is:

1) Calculate the amount of slurry produced from the start of housing to the start of the closed period = a (this gives some allowance for a safety margin)

2) Calculate the amount of slurry produced during the closed period = b

3) The total minimum storage required to comply with the closed periods then equals a + b

This approach takes no account of the amount of land that is available for spreading during the closed period andyou will have to consider this, if your calculations show that you have insufficient storage capacity. Similarly, youmay have to consider whether additional storage will be required to cover the time from the end of theclosed period to the end of winter housing.

Preparation of a Farm Waste Management Plan (FWMP) will help you to decide where, when and at what ratesyou can spread organic manures. This is not mandatory within the NVZs, but it will enable you to determine yourstorage requirements by balancing the amount of slurry that can be spread, against the amount of slurry producedon a monthly basis.

Step 5: Calculate the amount of storage available

To estimate the existing slurry storage capacity for a store which is:

• Square or rectangular with vertical walls:

➧ Multiply its length (m) by its width (m) by its height (m) (the height should be reduced by 0.3m to allow forfreeboard as a safety margin against increased risks of pollution from storm events)

• Circular:

➧ Measure the circumference.

➧ Calculate the radius by dividing the circumference by 3.142, then dividing by 2

➧ Calculate the floor area by multiplying the radius by the radius, then multiply by 3.142

➧ Multiply the floor area (m2) by the height (m) (reduce the height by 0.3m to allow for freeboard) to give thecapacity of the slurry store (m3)

• Earth banked lagoon:

➧ Estimate the length (m) and width (m) and average depth (m), from the top of the bank to the base of the lagoon

➧ Reduce the average depth by 0.75m to allow for freeboard and to give the watering depth

➧ Reduce the measured length and width of the lagoon by enough to allow for the sloping sides

➧ Multiply the adjusted length by the adjusted width by the watering depth to obtain the storage capacity (m3)

Step 6: Compare the amount of available slurry storage, with the actual amount likely to be produced during theclosed period. If the amount of storage available is less than the amount of slurry produced, you will haveto review your current storage.

7


Calculation guide: How much will organic manure applications reduce the requirement forinorganic fertiliser nitrogen

This guidance takes you through the steps required to complete Table G. The table is completed in conjunctionwith typical values obtained from Booklet 4, which also contains guidance on its use.

Step 1: Record details of actual or planned organic manure applications

Record all applications for each field that receives manure. This should be done as soon as possible after themanure is spread. The data that needs to be recorded is:

➧ Field number/identification (enter in column a). Note: Leave enough lines below each FID to allow for themaximum number of applications that are likely to be made to each field.

➧ Soil type (enter in column b)

➧ Incorporation time, if applicable. Use the ‘over 6 hours’ or ‘over 24 hours’ figures, if there is no incorporatione.g. grassland that is not being ploughed up. (enter in column c)

➧ Manure type reference number (enter in column d)

➧ Season of application (enter in column e)

➧ Total area spread (often the same as the available field area). (enter in column f )

➧ Total quantity applied (tonnes or m3) – see Appendix II of the Introductory Booklet for conversion factors fromimperial units (enter in column g)

➧ Organic manure application rate. (= Quantity applied ÷ Field area ) (enter in column h)

Step 2: Calculate available N in spring/summer after spreading organic manures

Using the information calculated above and the values in Tables A to D, you can now calculate:

➧ The nitrogen content of the manure (kg/t) (enter the value in column i ). The total nitrogen application rate(= Manure application rate × N content of the manure) (enter in column ‘j’)

➧ The percentage of the manure’s nitrogen that is available to the crop. (enter in column ‘k’)

➧ The nitrogen available to the crop (kg/ha) (= Total N application rate × % available N) (enter in column ‘l’).This figure is entered as an adjustment in the Fertiliser and Manure Plan. The figure is entered as a negativeadjustment into column ‘c’ of Table A or column ‘j’ of Table B

➧ The nitrogen available to the next crop (= 10% of the total N applied to the crop) (enter in column ‘m’).This figure is carried forward to the next year’s Fertiliser and Manure Plan and entered into column ‘d’ of Table Aor column ‘k’ of Table B.

Step 3: Adjustment of the crop requirement for inorganic fertiliser

➧ The crop requirement for fertiliser nitrogen must be reduced by the amount of available nitrogen supplied by theorganic manure application.

➧ The amount of available nitrogen must not exceed the nitrogen requirement of the crop.

Note: Table G can be used to record actual applications or for planning different application strategies.

8

Booklet2

9


Ex/ample/00001 OMS Within 6 hours 18 spring 3.83 115 30

Ex/ample/00002 OMS Over 6 hours 21 spring 15 450 30

Field identifier*or

Field nameXx/xxxxx/xxxxx

aSoil type

b

IncorporationTime

c

ManureRefNo.

(1 – 43)d

Seasonapplied

e

Areaspread

(ha)f

AmountAppliedt or m3

g

Rateapplied(t/ha orm3/ha)

h

Worked example: N available in spring, from livestock manure applicationsThe examples show how to calculate the values used in the Fertiliser and Manure Planning examples. It may behelpful to refer to ‘N available from livestock manure applications’, whilst reading through this example.

• Example 1: Spring barley crop grown for feed in a 3.83ha field, on ‘OMS’ soil. 115m3 of 6% dry matter dairyslurry was applied to the field in March, prior to sowing and incorporated within 6 hours. 115m3 of similar slurrywas applied to the previous crop.

• Example 2: 15ha silage field on ‘OMS’ soil. 450m3 of 6% dry matter dairy slurry was applied in the spring.

Step 1: Record details of actual organic manure applications.

➧ Columns a, b, c, e, f and g can be completed from the information above.

➧ The ‘Ref. No.’ in Column d is determined from the slurry type, the incorporation time and the % dry matter. Inthe case of the examples, the slurry type and dry matter content are the same, but the incorporation time isdifferent. The manure ‘Ref No’ for ‘example 1’ is 18 and for ‘example 2’ it is 21.

➧ The application rate is worked out by dividing the total amount applied by the field area. In both of the examplesthe application rate = 30 m3/ha. Columns a to h would be completed, for each field, as below:

Step 2: Calculate available N in spring/summer after spreading organic manure

➧ From the fourth column of the tables, the total N content is 3kg/m3 for Ref. No. 18 and 21.

➧ The total nitrogen application rate for both fields is therefore 90kg/ha i.e. the manure application rate (30m3)multiplied by the N content of the manure (3kg/m3).

➧ To determine the percentage of nitrogen available to the crop we use the manure ‘Ref No.’, soil type and thetime of application.

• Both fields in the examples had slurry applied in the spring.

• The availability of N from manures applied in the spring is the same across all soil types.

• The slurry applied in ‘example 1’ comes under ‘Ref. No.’ 18. The % of the N available to the crop is therefore40%. The total N available = 40% × 90 = 36kg/ha.

• The slurry applied in ‘example 2’ comes under ‘Ref No.’ 21. The % of the N available to the crop is therefore30%. The total N available = 30% × 90 = 27kg/ha. The remaining columns are completed as below:

3 90 40 36 – 9 –

3 90 30 27 – 9 –

Total Nkg/t orkg/m3

i

Total Napplication

rate(col. h × i)

kg/haj

(%)available

Nin spring

k

Available N ratefor planned crop

kg/hal*

Available N ratefor next crop.**

Multiply column ‘j’Figure × 10%

kg/ham*

Step 3: The values in column ‘l’ are used to adjust the N requirement in the Fertiliser and Manure plan. 10% ofthe total N applied (the column ‘j’ figure) is entered into column ‘m’ and carried froward to the next yearsplan. Note that the N available from the previous years application in ‘example 1’ will be 9kg/ha,as the same slurry type was applied at the same rate.

10

Notes:

Booklet2


Booklet

Nitrogen recommendation tablesfor cereals, oi lseed rape, potatoes and grassland

3Contents:

Page 2 Using these Tables

Page 3 Different soil types and assessment of texture

Table 1: Soil types

Page 4 Table 2: Average rainfall values for the NVZ areas in Scotland

Page 5 Table 3: Site classes

N residues from previous crops or grass/clover swards

Page 6 Table 4: N residues from previous crops and grass/clover swards

Page 7 Winter cereals (notes)

Table 5: Winter wheat, N recommendations (also covers Triticale)

Table 6: Winter barley, N recommendations (also covers winter oats)

Page 8 Spring cereals (notes)

Table 7: Spring barley (feed or high N malting), N recommendations

Table 8: Spring barley (low N malting), N recommendations (also covers spring oats)

Page 9 Oilseed rape (notes)

Table 9: Winter oilseed rape, N recommendations

Table 10: Spring oilseed rape, N recommendations

Page 10 Table 11: Potatoes, N recommendations

Table 12: Swedes and turnips, N recommendations

Table 13: Direct sown grass and grass/clover, N recommendations

Page 11 N requirements for established grass

Table 14: Grass with low clover, N recommendations

Table 15: Grass with high clover, N recommendations

Page 12 Seasonal application of nitrogen fertiliser (grassland notes)

Table 16: Seasonal application of annual N rate for grazing

Table 17: Seasonal application of annual N rates for silage and grazing

2

Booklet3These tables are based on information supplied by the Scottish Agricultural College. The recommendations takeaccount of the N released from previous crop residues and grass leys, as well as taking account of the reservesheld in different soil types.

Using these TablesIn order to assess the fertiliser N required for each crop, the following factors need to be taken into account foreach field on your holding:

For cropped fields and establishing new grassTo calculate the N requirement for cropped fields and new grass you should refer to the appropriate crop table inthis booklet. The final requirement is calculated by entering all of the information detailed below into Table A.See the Fertiliser and Manure Planning section for a step-by-step guide.

• Soil type. If you do not know the soil types in each field on your holding, page 3 in this booklet tells you howto assess it.

• Previous crop, This determines the N residue group (except where grassland has been ploughed out. In thiscase the N fertiliser/manure use in the previous 2 years and the grazing management during the monthsimmediately prior to ploughing out determine the residue group). Table 4 in this booklet helps you to determinethe N residue group.

• Crop to be grown. The crop tables give the N requirement for each crop, based on the N residue group andsoil type. Appropriate adjustment factors are given in the tables, to take account of the following:

1. intended market and for spring barley, the sowing date.

2. winter rainfall (1 October to 1 March) was more than 450mm

3. spring rainfall between first and final spring N dressings was more then 200mm.

• Further adjustments will have to be made to take account of N available from any livestock manure that wasapplied for the planned and/or previous crop. See the Manure Planning section.

For established grassland fieldsTo calculate the N requirement for established grass fields you should refer to the appropriate crop table in thisbooklet. The final requirement is calculated by entering all of the information detailed below into Table B. See theFertiliser and Manure Planning section for a step-by-step guide.

• Soil type. If you do not know the soil types in each field on your holding, Table 1 in this booklet tells you howto assess it.

• N fertiliser/manure use in the previous 2 years and grazing during the months immediately prior to thegrowing season. This determines the N residue group. Table 4 in this booklet helps you to determine the Nresidue group.

• Rainfall between April and September (Table 2). This information is used, along with the soil type, todetermine the Site Class. Table 3 in this booklet tells you how to assess the Site class. The site class and Nresidue group then determine the basic grassland N requirement, taking account of the clover content of thesward.

• Intended grazing/silage/hay management. This information is used to adjust the basic N requirement.

• Further adjustments will have to be made to take account of N available from any livestock manure that wasapplied for the planned and/or previous crop. For a step-by-step guide, see the Manure Planning section.

3

N Residues from different soil types and assessment of texture • Nitrogen residues from soil reserves have been arranged into six soil types (Table 1).

• “Shallow” means any mineral soil with less than 40cm depth between the soil surface and the underground rock.

• Types of mineral soils can be identified by hand texturing. Take about a dessertspoonful of soil. If dry, wet upgradually kneading thoroughly between finger and thumb until aggregates are broken down. Enough moistureis needed to hold the soil together and for the soil to exhibit its maximum cohesion. There are 2 questions tobe answered:

Question 1 Is it difficult to roll the moist soil into a ball? Answer YES, then the soil type is “Sand”;NO, then ask the second question

Question 2 Does the moist soil feel smooth and silky Answer NO, then the soil type is “Sandy loam”;as well as gritty? YES, then the soil type is “Other mineral soil”.

“Humose” and “Peaty soils” are identified by percent organic matter, which can be confirmed by laboratory analysis.

Table 1: Soil types

Shallow soils (SS) All mineral soils which are less than 40cm depth between the soil surface andthe underground rock.

Sands (S) Soils which are sand and loamy sand textures to a depth more than 40cm.

Sandy loams (SL) Soils that are sandy loam texture to a depth more than 40cm.

Other mineral soils (OMS) Soils with less than 15 percent organic matter that do not fall into the sandy orshallow soil category i.e. silty and clay soils.

Humose soils (HS) Soils with between 15 and 35 percent organic matter. These soils are darker incolour, stain the fingers black or grey, and have a silky feel.

Peaty soils (PS) Soils that contain more than 35 percent organic matter.

Nitrogen recommendation tables for cereals, oilseed rape, potatoes and grassland

4

Booklet3Table 2: Average rainfall values for the NVZ areas of Scotland (Based on data supplied by the Met Office)

Use the town nearest your farm to give an approximation of average rainfall values

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of Nairn and Moray

J F M A M J J A S O N DFochabers 55 45 40 45 55 55 70 95 65 65 65 65Nairn 55 45 40 45 55 55 70 95 65 65 65 65Rothes 70 60 50 55 65 70 85 100 80 85 80 85

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of Aberdeenshire

J F M A M J J A S O N DAberdeen 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80Banchory 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80Banff 55 45 40 45 55 55 70 95 65 65 65 65Fraserburgh 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80Keith 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80Inverurie 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80Turrif 80 60 50 50 65 55 80 90 70 80 90 80

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of Kincardineshire, Angus and Perthshire

J F M A M J J A S O N DBlairgowrie 85 60 55 55 70 60 80 90 85 85 85 90Carnoustie 65 45 45 45 65 50 70 80 65 65 70 70Coupar Angus 65 45 45 45 65 50 70 80 65 65 70 70Montrose 65 45 45 45 65 50 70 80 65 65 70 70Perth 65 45 45 45 65 50 70 80 65 65 70 70Stonehaven 85 60 55 55 70 60 80 90 85 85 85 90

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of Perthshire and Clackmannanshire

J F M A M J J A S O N DAuchterader 100 75 70 70 75 75 85 110 115 110 100 115Kirkcaldy 60 50 45 45 60 55 75 85 65 65 70 65Ladybank 60 50 45 45 60 55 75 85 65 65 70 65St Andrews 60 50 45 45 60 55 75 85 65 65 70 65

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of the Lothians and Borders

J F M A M J J A S O N DColdstream 65 50 40 45 55 55 65 85 65 65 75 65Dalkeith 55 40 40 40 55 45 65 85 60 60 70 60Dunbar 55 40 40 40 55 45 65 85 60 60 70 60Duns 65 50 40 45 55 55 65 85 65 65 75 65Eyemouth 65 50 40 45 55 55 65 85 65 65 75 65Galashiels 65 50 40 45 55 55 65 85 65 65 75 65Jedburgh 65 50 40 45 55 55 65 85 65 65 75 65Penicuik 80 65 50 55 70 60 80 95 85 80 90 85Selkirk 80 65 50 55 70 60 80 95 85 80 90 85

Average rainfall (mm) per month for parts of Dumfries and Galloway

J F M A M J J A S O N DDumfries 105 70 65 65 75 70 85 105 115 105 105 105Lochmaben 105 70 65 65 75 70 85 105 115 105 105 105

5

Sands and shallow soils 2 3 4 5

All other soils 1 2 2 3

Soil textureMore than 500

(20)

Average April – September rainfall mm (inches)

425-500(17-20)

350-425(14-17)

Less than 350(14)

Table 3: Site Classes- Applicable to grassland onlyGrassland production is limited by growing conditions, in particular the quantity of rainfall between April andSeptember and soil type. The combined effect of these factors defines the site class. From the soil type and theaverage summer rainfall for your area (Table 2), find the most appropriate site class for each field within the NVZ,using Table 3 below:

*Add 1 to the site class for farms above 300m (1000 ft)

Site Class 1 is limited by nitrogen not by water supply since nitrogen is utilised very efficiently and rainfall is above500mm between April and September.

Site Class 5 is severely limited by water supply since rainfall is below 350mm between April and September.The potential yield of grass growing within a Site Class 5 is about half of that growing in a Class 1 site.

N residues from previous crops or grass/clover swards• For fields that were in an arable or non-grass fodder crop, a residual N group is allocated according to the

previous crop (see Table 4 on the next page).

• The groups are numbered 1 to 5, in ascending order of residual N available in the soil, following the harvest ofthe previous crop.

• Residual levels vary according to the management and performance of the previous crop.

• Residues may be lower following a high yield, or where N application has been less than normal.

• Residues may be higher if the crop has performed badly due to problems such as drought and disease.

• The tables of N requirements in this guidance assume that previous crops have been well managed and thatN fertiliser use was close to the recommended rate, taking account of any organic manures used.

❑ For fields that were in grass/clover swards, a residual N group is allocated according to fertiliser and manureuse in the last 2 years and the grazing management immediately prior to ploughing out (see Table 4).

• The groups for grass/clover swards are numbered 1 to 6 in ascending order of residual available N in the soilgoing into the winter.

• Analysis of the sward for total N and C content prior to ploughing out is recommended, in order to help predictthe release of available N for the next crop.

• Available N is also influenced by the time of ploughing, with less residue being available from autumn ploughing,compared to spring ploughing.

• The higher N recommendations for groups 5 and 6 spring sown/planted crops are based on ploughing outgrassland in November/December or March/April.

• Where grassland is ploughed out in January or February use the lower N recommendation, in the absence ofsward analysis.

• Where grassland is to remain in grass and is not being ploughed out, the N residue group is still determined fromthe fertiliser and manure use in the last 2 years, and the grazing management immediately prior to ploughing out.


6

Booklet3Table 4: N residues from previous crops and grass/clover swards

Previous arable/fodder crop Previous grass/clover cropGroup

Spring barley (SB), spring oats (SO), spring wheat(SW), winter barley (WB), winter oats (WO), winterwheat (WW), triticale (T), carrots (C), swedes (SR),turnips removed (TR), linseed (LIN)

Rotational set-aside (natural regeneration) (NRC),harvested fodder (whole crop) (HFW), springoilseed rape (SOSR), hemp (HS)

Harvested fodder (root only) (HFR), seed potatoes(SPOT), rotational set-aside (good clover cover)(SGC), rotational set-aside (stemmy cover) (SSC),winter oilseed rape (WOSR), whole crop lupins(WCL)

Peas (PP), beans (FB), ware potatoes (WPOT),grain lupins (GL)

Leafy brassica vegetables (LBV), leafy non-brassica vegetables (LNV), grazed fodder (GF)

Rough grazing (RGR)

1-2 year low N leys1, not grazed within 2 monthsof ploughing out or during September or October(1LNG).1Low N means average N use in last 2 years was less than150kg/ha/year

1-2 year low N leys, grazed within 2 months ofploughing out or during September or October(1LG)

1-2 year high N leys2, not grazed within 2 monthsof ploughing out or during September or October(1HNG)2High N means average N use in last 2 years was more than150kg/ha/year or high clover content

1-2 year high N leys, grazed within 2 months ofploughing out or during September or October(1HG)

3-5 year low N leys, not grazed within 2 monthsof ploughing out or during September or October(3LNG)

3-5 year high N leys, not grazed within 2 monthsof ploughing out or during September or October(3HNG)

3-5 year low N leys, grazed within 2 months ofploughing out or during September or October(3LG)

3-5 year high N leys, grazed within 2 months ofploughing out or during September or October(3HG)

Permanent grass (PG), Long leys with short arablebreaks (LL)

1

2

3

4

5

**

6

**

** N residues can be very variable in groups 5 and 6 and analysis of the crop debris or grass sward for N and Ccontent, prior to ploughing down, is recommended to help predict release of available N for the next crop.

Soil mineral N testing is not recommended in established grassland, nor in the first year after ploughing out. It canhowever be used one year after ploughing out, in order to help predict the amount of N that will be available to thesecond crop after grass.

7


Winter cereals• Autumn nitrogen is NOT generally recommended, as there is not normally a profitable response and such

applications will also increase N leaching.• Responses to autumn N have been recorded on sandy soils with a high pH and low manganese content. There

is also a possible N requirement in some winter barley crops, established by direct drilling/minimal cultivation.• Spring N is best applied as a split dressing. The general recommendations are:➧ A 33%/67% (one-two thirds) split between the start of spring growth and growth stage 30-31.➧ A 20/80 split will improve bread-making quality and help to prevent lodging.➧ A 50/50 split will help to reduce grain N% for malting or distilling.

Table 5: Winter wheat: N recommendations in kg/ha

Previous crop or grass group 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sands and shallow soils 210 200 190 170 140-110 100-60Sandy loams and other mineral soils 200 190 180 160 130-100 90-50Humose soils 140 130 120 100 70-40 30-0Peaty soils 80 70 60 40 10-0 0

Adjustments:Breadmaking +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30Grain distilling 0 0 0 0 0 0Take-all expected +20 +20 +20 +20 +20 +20Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)

If winter rainfall (1 Oct – 1 Mar) more than450mm (18 inches)Sands, sandy loams, shallow soils 0 +10 +20 +20 +20 +20All other soils 0 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

If rainfall between first and final spring N dressingsmore than 200mm (8 inches)Sands and shallow soils +15 +15 +15 +15 +15 +15Sandy loams +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Triticale: use winter wheat recommendation -20kg/ha N

Table 6: Winter barley: N recommendations in kg/ha


Sands and shallow soils 190 180 170 150 120-90 80-40Sandy loams and other mineral soils 180 170 160 140 110-80 70-30Humose soils 120 110 100 80 50-20 10-0Peaty soils 80 70 60 40 10-0 0

Adjustments:Malt for distilling -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50Malt for brewing -30 -30 -30 -30 -30 -30Grain distilling 0 0 0 0 0 0Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)



Winter oats: use winter barley recommendation - 40kg/ha N for all mineral soils- 30kg/ha N for humose and peaty soils

8

Booklet3Spring cereals• If crops are sown up to the beginning of April, apply half of the fertiliser N to the seedbed, then:➧ For low N malting, apply the balance at leaf stage 2-3.➧ For high N malting, apply the balance at the start of tillering.• From the beginning of April onwards, all of the N may be applied to the seedbed.• Combine drilling is recommended for early sown crops and crops grown in high soil pH (>6.4).➧ Combine drilling of urea is not recommended as close contact can damage the germinating seed.➧ Combine drilled fertiliser should be limited to 150kg/ha N + K2O on sands and sandy loams.

Table 7: Spring barley (FEED or HIGH N MALTING): N (kg/ha)


Sands and shallow soils 150 140 130 110 80-50 40-0Sandy loams and other mineral soils 130 120 110 90 60-30 20-0Humose soils 80 70 60 40 10-0 0Peaty soils 50 40 30 10 0 0

Adjustments:Undersown crop -25 -25 -25 -25 -25 -25Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)

Delayed sowing – Reduce by 1.5kg/ha/day for each dayof delay after your optimum sowing period

If winter rainfall (1 Oct – 1 Mar) more than 450mm(18 inches)Sands, sandy loams, shallow soils 0 +10 +20 +20 +20 +20All other soils 0 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Rainfall between first and final N dressings

More than 200mm (8 inches)Sands and shallow soils +20 +20 +20 +20 +20 +20Sandy loams +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Spring oats: use spring barley (Feed or High N Malting) recommendations – 30kg/ha N

Table 8: Spring barley (Low N Malting): N recommendations (kg/ha)


Sands and shallow soils 130 120 110 * * *Sandy loams and other mineral soils 110 100 90 * * *Humose soils * * * * * *Peaty soils * * * * * *

Adjustments:Undersown crop -25 -25 -25 * * *Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)

Delayed sowing –Reduce by 2.25kg/ha/day for each day of delay after youroptimum sowing period

If winter rainfall (1 Oct – 1 Mar) more than450mm (18 inches)Sands, sandy loams, shallow soils 0 +10 +20 * * *All other soils 0 +10 +10 * * *

If rainfall between first and final N dressings more than200mm (8 inches)Sands and shallow soils +20 +20 +20 * * *Sandy loams +10 +10 +10 * * *

* avoid growing malting barley after crops in groups 4 – 6 and humose/peaty soils that leave high N residues

9

Oilseed RapeWinter Oilseed Rape➧ Winter barley is the most suitable crop for early entry as it leaves low N residues.➧ Rotational set-aside is expected to leave 10-20kg/ha more N residues, depending on cover (select the appropriate

Previous Crop Group for your set-aside).➧ Where crops are sown into cold silty and heavy clay soils, higher N is recommended in the seedbed, compared

with the lighter soils.➧ Autumn sown rape can produce about 20-25 t/ha fresh material by December. N top dressing in spring is best

split, applying half at the start of spring growth and half prior to stem elongation.

Spring Oilseed Rape➧ Generally utilises soil N more efficiently than winter crops as its requirement for N coincides with the normal

period of soil N release in May and June.➧ Trials have confirmed that optimum N rates can be substantially reduced for ‘swede’ types and further reduced

by 20kg/ha for turnip rapes, compared to N rates for winter oilseed rape.

Table 9: Winter oilseed rape: N recommendations in kg/ha


Seedbed:Sands, sandy loams, humose soils and peaty soils 30 20 10 0 0 0Shallow soils and other mineral soils 50 40 30 20 0 0

Spring:All mineral soils 180 170 160 140 110-80 70-30Humose soils 120 110 100 80 50-20 10-0Peaty soils 80 70 60 40 0 0

Adjustments:Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)



Table 10: Spring oilseed rape: N recommendations in kg/ha


All mineral soils 100 90 80 60 30 0Humose soils 50 40 30 10 0 0Peaty soils 20 10 0 0 0 0

Adjustments:Turnip rape -20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)

Winter rainfall (1 Oct – 1 Mar) more than450mm (18 inches)Sands, sandy loams, shallow soils 0 +10 +20 +20 +20 +20All other soils 0 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Rainfall between first and final N dressings morethan 200mm (8 inches)Sands and shallow soils +20 +20 +20 +20 +20 +20Sandy loams +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10


10

Booklet3Table 11: PotatoesOn sandy shallow soils, apply half to two-thirds of the N recommendation in the seedbed and the balance attuber initiation.

Typical maximum Previous crop or grass groupsCrop type yield (t/ha) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Seed 30 90 80 70 50 20-0 0Ware 60 225 215 205 185 155-120 115-75Dual Purpose 40 160 150 140 120 90-60 50-10Punnets 25 80 70 60 40 10-0 0

Adjustments:Sands and shallow soils +20 +20 +20 +20 +20 +20Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)


If rainfall between first and final N dressings morethan 200mm (8 inches)Sands and shallow soils +20 +20 +20 +20 +20 +20Sandy loams +10 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Varieties exhibiting vigorous and prolonged haulm growth (indeterminate varieties)e.g. Maris Piper, Saturna, Cultra – reduce by 10%Cara (very indeterminate variety) – reduce by 25-30%Varieties producing small and short-lived canopies (determinate varieties)e.g. Estima, Maris Peer, Saxon – increase by 10%.

Table 12: Swedes and turnipsN increases the growth rate and persistence of leaves. The increase in leaf growth can be at the expense of rootgrowth. Only moderate amounts of N are required for ‘root’ brassicas unless the foliage can be used to provideforage in September/October. The root dry matter % and winter hardiness will be reduced by excess N.

Previous crop and grass groups 1 2 3 4 5 6

Sands and shallow soils 110 100 90 80 70 50Sandy loams and other mineral soils 90 80 70 60 50 30Humose soils 50 40 30 20 10 0Peaty soils 20 10 0 0 0 0

Adjustments:Deduct N from residues of manures (Booklet 4)

If winter rainfall (1 Oct – 1 Mar) more than 450mm (18 inches)Sands, sandy loams, shallow soils 0 +10 +20 +20 +20 +20All other soils 0 +10 +10 +10 +10 +10

Table 13: Direct sown grass and grass/clover: nitrogen requirements in kg/haDirect sowing without a cover crop invariably gives the best establishment, especially of clover, and in dry summers,as the plants suffer less competition for moisture, light and nutrients. For further information see SAC TechnicalNote T31 (revised) on “Grass and clover establishment”.

Previous crop and grass groups 1 2 3 4 5 6

Grass 85 75 65 45 35 25

Grass/clover 65 55 45 25 15 15

Silage 1 1 No adjustment

Silage 1 2 Add 60kg/ha



Silage 3 none Add 160kg/ha

Hay 1 none Subtract 130kg/ha

Hay 1 1 Subtract 60kg/ha

Hay 1 2 No adjustment


Grazing – 1 Subtract 130kg/ha


Grazing – 3 No adjustment

Grazing – 4 Add 60kg/ha

Grazing – 5 Add 110kg/ha

Proposed managementNumber

cutsNumber of applications to

aftermath/grazingAdjustment required to

Table 14 figure

11

N Requirements for established grassN requirements for grass take into account Site Class (see Table 3) and N residue group (see Table 4):

Table 14: Grass with low clover: N recommendations in kg/ha

Previous crop or grass/clover GroupSite Class 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 210 200 190 180 170 1602 220 210 200 190 180 1703 230 220 210 200 190 1804 240 230 220 210 200 1905 250 240 230 220 210 200


These rates should be adjusted to take account of the nitrogen available from organic manure applications, whenpreparing your Fertiliser and Manure Plan. See Booklet 2, Manure Planning.

Table 15: Grass with high clover: N recommendations in kg/ha

Previous crop or grass/clover GroupSite Class 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 80 80 70 70 60 502 80 80 70 70 60 603 90 90 80 80 70 704 90 90 80 80 70 705 100 100 90 90 80 80

Silage 1 1 No adjustment



Grazing – 2 No adjustment

Grazing – none No N to be applied

Proposed managementNumber

cutsNumber of applications to

aftermath/grazingAdjustment required to

Table 15 figure

These rates should be adjusted to take account of the nitrogen available from organic manure applications, whenpreparing your Fertiliser and Manure Plan. See Booklet 2, Manure Planning.

12

Booklet3Seasonal application of nitrogen fertiliser: grazingNitrogen should be applied at regular intervals over the grazing season at a declining rate to match the fallingresponse to nitrogen by the grass.

• Under optimal conditions grass can utilise approximately 2.5kg N/ha/day of growth.

• The first dressing should be about 6 weeks before turnout (maximum rate 100kg N/ha) or at the time of ‘T-sum 200’.

• Should ‘T-sum 200’ occur much earlier than normal, delaying until the first period of mild weather will reduce therisk of nitrogen loss.

• No nitrogen should be applied after mid-August to reduce the risk of winter losses of nitrogen. The response tonitrogen will also be lower after this time.

Seasonal application of nitrogen fertiliser: silage• Based on a daily uptake of 2.5kg N/ha the optimum rate of nitrogen application for the first cut is 120-140kg.

• N/ha applied 8 weeks before expected date of cutting.

• Higher rates and delayed application increase the risk of nitrate-N in the grass and poor fermentation.

• A split dressing of the optimum nitrogen rate may be beneficial in reducing nitrogen losses, and encouragingearlier growth. The second dressing should be applied at least 4 weeks before cutting.

• If split dressing, apply 40-50kg N/ha 10 weeks before cutting (i.e. about the same time as the grazing application).Apply the remainder 4 weeks later.

Examples of application patterns for a range of annual nitrogen rates are given in Tables 16 and 17 below.These rates should be adjusted to take account of the available nitrogen in organic manure when preparing yourFertiliser and Manure Plan. See Booklet 2, Fertiliser and Manure Planning – Part 2, Manure Planning.

Table 16: Seasonal application of annual N rates (kg/ha) for grazing

Total N (kg/ha) Spring May June July August

50* 0 0 0 0 0

100 40 30 30 0 0

150 60 30 30 30 0

200 70 50 40 40 0

250 80 60 40 40 30

300 90 70 50 50 40

350 100 80 60 60 50

* For a high-clover sward

Table 17: Seasonal application of annual N rates (kg/ha) for silage and grazing

1-2 Cut System 3-Cut System

Total N 1st cut 2nd cut Aftermath 1st cut 2nd cut 3rd cut Aftermath(kg/ha) late May late July grazing mid May late June mid August grazing

50* 50 0 0 – – – –

100 70 – 30 – – – –

150 70 50 30 – – – –

200 90 70 40 – – – –

250 110 90 50 90 70 60 30

300 120 100 80 (40/40) 110 90 70 30

350 ** 140 110 100 (50/50) 120 100 80 50

* For a high-clover sward

** For 1-2 year leys (2 or 3 cut system)


Astron B29322


Booklet

N avai lable from l ivestockmanure appl ications

4The amount of N available to the crop following the application of manure is dependent upon:

• type of manure

• method of application

• soil type

• month of application

The tables in this section will enable you to calculate how much N is available following applications of livestockmanure. These figures can then be used in your Fertiliser and Manure Plan, to adjust the application rate forinorganic N fertiliser.

Available N is released slowly from the organic N content of manure over a period of months to years. Where thecrop does not take up this available N, it may be lost through leaching during the following winter, or it canaccumulate in soil organic matter and provide further long-term savings in N fertiliser inputs. Assume 10% of thetotal N content of livestock manure becomes available for the second crop following application andadjust the fertiliser N requirements accordingly.

Using the tablesThe information derived from these tables is used as part of the Manure Planning process. Entering the relevantinformation into Table G will enable you to calculate the amount of N available to crops. The requirement forinorganic N can then be adjusted accordingly.

Step 1: Identify the appropriate manure type from column 1.

Step 2: Read across until you find the appropriate incorporation time and dry matter, then read back to get theRef. No.

Step 3: Read across to the fourth column to get the Total N (kg/t).

Step 4: Read across to the appropriate ‘Time of application’ and soil type columns, to get the % of N availablein spring.

As an alternative to using the typical values you can use actual values, based on your own analysis. In order toobtain a representative figure it is advisable to take a number of samples.

It should be noted that:

• The values for % N in the tables are estimates for the east of Scotland. Lower values should be used in mostyears for the wetter west.

• These values assume incorporation by ploughing. Cultivation using discs or tines is likely to be less effective inminimising ammonia losses and intermediate values of nitrogen availability should be used.

• For grass leys that are not being ploughed up, the ‘over 6 hours’ or ‘over 24 hours’ categories should be used,as appropriate.

Per

cent

age

of t

otal

N a

vaila

ble*

in S

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ing

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icat

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of d

iffer

ent

man

ure

type

s (%

of t

otal

N)

2

Booklet4

Sp

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ter

Tim

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ter

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ntim

e**

Ref

No.

Man

ure

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for

% N

in t

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able

are

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3

N available from livestock manure applications

Per

cent

age

of t

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N a

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ble*

in S

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of c

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(% o

f tot

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Mat

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%

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corp

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N/A

Dai

ry –

low

dry

mat

ter

19W

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6 h

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1.5

25

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1.5

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1525

3040

35

Youn

g ca

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(250

kg)

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5.0

105

1015

2530

N/A

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g ca

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(250

kg)

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6 h

ours

3.5

65

1520

3040

N/A

Youn

g ca

ttle

(250

kg)

25W

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6 h

ours

2.0

25

1525

3550

N/A

Youn

g ca

ttle

(250

kg)

26O

ver

6 ho

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5.0

105

1010

1520

5

Youn

g ca

ttle

(250

kg)

27O

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3.5

65

1020

2530

20

Youn

g ca

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(250

kg)

28O

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2.0

25

1525

3040

35

Fatt

enin

g ca

ttle

(400

kg)

29W

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6 h

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3.5

105

1015

2530

N/A

Fatt

enin

g ca

ttle

(400

kg)

30W

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6 h

ours

2.5

65

1520

3040

N/A

Fatt

enin

g ca

ttle

(400

kg)

31W

ithin

6 h

ours

1.5

25

1525

3550

N/A

Fatt

enin

g ca

ttle

(400

kg)

32O

ver

6 ho

urs

3.5

105

1010

1520

5

Fatt

enin

g ca

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(400

kg)

33O

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6 ho

urs

2.5

65

1020

2530

20

Fatt

enin

g ca

ttle

(400

kg)

34O

ver

6 ho

urs

1.5

25

1525

3040

35

*Val

ues

for

% N

in t

he t

able

are

est

imat

es f

or t

he e

ast

of S

cotla

nd.

Low

er v

alue

s sh

ould

be

used

in m

ost

year

s fo

r th

e w

ette

r w

est.

**Th

ese

valu

es a

ssum

e in

corp

orat

ion

by

plo

ughi

ng.

Cul

tivat

ion

usin

g d

iscs

or

tines

islik

ely

to b

e le

ss e

ffect

ive

in m

inim

isin

g am

mon

ia lo

sses

and

inte

rmed

iate

val

ues

ofni

trog

en a

vaila

bili

ty s

houl

d b

e us

ed.

All

othe

rso

ils%

N

San

ds

San

dy

loam

sS

hallo

w%

N

All

othe

rso

ils%

N

All

soils

%

N

All

soils

%

N

•T

he y

ield

res

po

nse

to s

umm

er a

pp

licat

ion

on

gra

ss c

an b

e va

riab

le a

cco

rdin

g t

o w

eath

er c

ond

itio

ns. L

ater

ap

plic

atio

ns (J

uly/

Aug

ust)

are

likel

y to

be

less

eff

ectiv

e.

•P

revi

ous

man

ure:

ass

ume

10%

of

the

tota

l N c

ont

ent

of

man

ures

bec

om

e av

aila

ble

fo

r th

e se

cond

cro

p f

ollo

win

g a

pp

licat

ion.

4

Booklet4P

erce

ntag

e of

tot

al N

ava

ilabl

e* in

Sp

ring

follo

win

g ap

plic

atio

n of

sep

arat

ed c

attle

slu

rrie

s an

d pi

g sl

urry

Sum

mer

gra

ssS

pri

ngW

inte

r

Tim

e o

f ap

plic

atio

n

Aut

umn

Febr

uary

-Apr

ilM

ay-

June

No

vem

ber

-Jan

uary

Aug

ust-

Oct

ob

er

San

ds

San

dy

loam

sS

hallo

w%

N

Dry

Mat

ter

%

Tota

l N(k

g/m

3 )In

corp

orat

ion

time*

*R

efN

o.S

lurr

y Ty

pe

Sep

arat

ed c

attle

slu

rrie

s

Str

aine

r bo

x35

Sur

face

or

rapi

d 1.

51.

55

1525

3040

35in

corp

orat

ion

Wee

ping

wal

l36

Sur

face

or

rapi

d 2.

03.

05

1525

3040

35in

corp

orat

ion

Mec

hani

cal s

epar

ator

37S

urfa

ce o

r ra

pid

3.0

4.0

515

2530

4035

inco

rpor

atio

n

Pig

slu

rrie

s

Pig

slu

rry-

hig

h dr

y m

atte

r38

With

in 6

hou

rs5.

06

515

2035

45N

/A

Pig

slu

rry-

med

ium

dry

mat

ter

39W

ithin

6 h

ours

4.0

45

1525

4050

N/A

Pig

slu

rry-

low

dry

mat

ter

40W

ithin

6 h

ours

3.0

25

2030

4560

N/A

Pig

slu

rry-

hig

h dr

y m

atte

r41

Ove

r 6

hour

s5.

06

510

1525

3520

Pig

slu

rry-

med

ium

dry

mat

ter

42O

ver

6 ho

urs

4.0

45

1520

3545

30

Pig

slu

rry-

low

dry

mat

ter

43O

ver

6 ho

urs

3.0

25

2025

4055

40

*Val

ues

for

% N

in t

he t

able

are

est

imat

es f

or t

he e

ast

of S

cotla

nd.

Low

er v

alue

s sh

ould

be

used

in m

ost

year

s fo

r th

e w

ette

r w

est.

**Th

ese

valu

es a

ssum

e in

corp

orat

ion

by

plo

ughi

ng.

Cul

tivat

ion

usin

g d

iscs

or

tines

islik

ely

to b

e le

ss e

ffect

ive

in m

inim

isin

g am

mon

ia lo

sses

and

inte

rmed

iate

val

ues

ofni

trog

en a

vaila

bili

ty s

houl

d b

e us

ed.

All

othe

rso

ils%

N

San

ds

San

dy

loam

sS

hallo

w%

N

All

othe

rso

ils%

N

All

soils

%

N

All

soils

%

N

•T

he y

ield

res

po

nse

to s

umm

er a

pp

licat

ion

on

gra

ss c

an b

e va

riab

le a

cco

rdin

g t

o w

eath

er c

ond

itio

ns. L

ater

ap

plic

atio

ns (J

uly/

Aug

ust)

are

likel

y to

be

less

eff

ectiv

e.

•P

revi

ous

man

ure:

ass

ume

10%

of

the

tota

l N c

ont

ent

of

man

ure

bec

om

e av

aila

ble

fo

r th

e se

cond

cro

p f

ollo

win

g a

pp

licat

ion.


Astron B29322


Booklet

Blank Tablest

Contents:

Page 2 Table A: Fertiliser and Manure Plan, assessment of crop and newly established grassrequirement for N fertiliser

Page 3 Table B: Fertiliser and Manure Plan, assessment of N fertiliser requirement –established grass fields

Page 4 Table C: Calculation of farm-based organic N limits and individual field spreadingareas/limits

Page 5 Table D: Standard figures for total nitrogen produced as livestock excreta

Page 6 Table E: Standard Nitrogen Excreta Production and Maximum NVZ Stocking Rates(provides notes on Table E)

Page 7 Table E: Standard Nitrogen Excreta Production and Maximum NVZ Stocking Rates(reference tables)

Page 8 Table F: Slurry production per month (based on undiluted slurry)

Page 9 Table G: Livestock manure applications and N available in spring to crops and grass

Page 10 Table H: Individual Field Record Sheet

2

Fiel

d id

entif

ier

Fiel

d na

me

Xx/x

xxx/

xxxx

1

Soil

Type 2

Plan

ned

3

Cro

pAd

just

men

ts o

f N (k

g/ha

)Ad

just

men

ts o

f N (k

g/ha

)N

for p

lanne

d cr

op

Pre

viou

s4

Nre

sidu

egr

oup

1-6 5

Autu

mn

(kg/

ha)

6

Sprin

g(k

g/ha

)a

For

inte

nded

mar

ket

etc b

Man

ure

for

plan

ned

crop c

Man

ure

for

prev

ious

crop d

Tota

lb+

c+d

= e

Adju

sted

N ra

te(k

g/ha

)a+

e =

f

for

win

ter

rain

fall

(kg/

ha)

g

Upd

ated

N

rate

(kg/

ha)

f+g

= h

for

Sprin

gra

infa

ll(k

g/ha

)i

Upd

ated

N ra

te(k

g/ha

)h+

i = j

Tabl

e A

:Fe

rtilis

er a

nd M

anur

e P

lan,

ass

essm

ent

of c

rop

and

new

ly e

stab

lishe

d gr

ass

requ

irem

ent

for

N fe

rtilis

er

Farm

nam

e:…

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

.Fa

rm c

ode:

……

……

……

….

Har

vest

Yea

r:…

……

3

IAC

SFi

eld

iden

tifie

ror Fi

eld

nam

e

Col

umn

ab

cd

ef

gh

ij

kl

m

Soi

lty

pe

Site

clas

s1-

5

Nre

sid

uegr

oup

1-6

Nre

qui

rem

ent

(kg/

ha)

f.en

ter

whe

ther

gra

zing

, sila

geor

hay

g.en

ter

no. o

f cu

ts, i

f si

lage

or

hay

h.en

ter

num

ber

of

Nap

plic

atio

ns t

o b

e m

ade

togr

azin

g/af

term

ath

graz

ing

Inte

nded

Man

agem

ent

Ad

just

men

ts o

f N

(kg/

ha)

For

inte

nded

man

agem

ent

Man

ures

for

pla

nned

crop

Man

ures

for

pre

viou

scr

op

Tota

lad

just

men

t(k

g/ha

)=

(j+k

+l)

Up

dat

edN

rat

e(k

g/ha

)=

(e+m

)

Tabl

e B

:Fe

rtilis

er a

nd M

anur

e P

lan,

ass

essm

ent

of N

fert

iliser

req

uire

men

t-es

tabl

ishe

d gr

ass

field

s

Farm

nam

e:…

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

.Fa

rm c

ode:

……

……

……

….

Har

vest

Yea

r:…

……

4

IACS field no.(or field name)xx/xxxx/xxxx

Grassfields(ha)

a

Non-grassfields(ha)b

Buffersc

Slopesd

Othere

Areas to be deducted (ha) Availablespreading area

(ha)a or b

-(c+d+e)f

Field spreading limit,excluding grazing

deposition (subject tofarm-based limits not

being breached) g

Table C: Calculation of farm-based organic N limits and individual field spreading areas/limits

Farm code:………………….

Farm-based limit: Maximum organic N loading for land within NVZ (including grazing deposition)

Overall Farm limit: For comparison with actual organic N produced by livestock on the holding

Overall Farm limit = (A × 250) + (B × 170)kg organic N/year =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

x 250 =

Total A = B = Complete Farm limit calculations below or continue on anothersheet if there are more fields to enter.

Grassland limit = (A × 250)kg organic N/year =

Non-Grassland limit = (B × 170)kg organic N/year =

5

Table D: Standard figures for total nitrogen produced as livestock excreta

1 Dairy Cow (650kg) × 116 =

1 Dairy Cow (550kg) × 96 =

1 Dairy Cow (450kg) × 76 =

1 Dairy heifer replacement over 24 months (500kg) × 58 =

1 Suckler Cow × 58 =

1 Cattle grower/fattener over 24 months (500kg) × 58 =

1 Cattle grower/fattener 12-24 months (400kg) × 47 =

1 Young cattle 6-12 months × 12 =

1 Bull beef cattle 6-13.5 months × 23 =

1 Calf (to 6 months)1 × 7 =

1 Bull for breeding (1,350kg, alter figures for breed) × 58 =

1 Sheep × 9 =

1 Fattening Lamb 6-12 months1 × 3.2 =

1 Fattening Lamb 0-6 months1 × 1.2 =

1 Breeding Sow place (includes piglets to 3.5 weeks) × 19.5 =

1 Maiden gilt place2 × 13 =

1 Boar place × 16 =

For pigs fattened from 3.5 weeks

– Number of pigs finished at 7.5 weeks/18kg × 0.28 =

– Number of pigs finished at 11 weeks/35kg3 × 0.77 =



For pigs fattened from 7.5 weeks:




1,000 Laying Hens (98% occupancy) × 660 =

1,000 Broiler Places (76% occupancy) × 495 =

1,000 Broiler Breeder (77% occupancy) × 975 =

1,000 Pullets (38% occupancy) × 125 =

1,000 Male Turkeys Places (140 days)4 × 1,390 =

1,000 Female Turkeys Places (120 days)5 × 650 =

1,000 Fattening Duck Places (50 days)6 × 900 =

Total N produced F =

Stock UnitNumber ofstock units

Total Nexcreted by1 stock unit

(kg/year)

Total N excretedby all stock

(kg/year)

1 Presumes kept for only 6 months.

2 Average number on unit at any time during the year.

3 Total number normally finished in a year assuming pigs are on the farm from 3.5 weeks or 7.5 weeks. Figures for pigs finished after import at otherages can be calculated by subtraction. Eg if pigs are imported at 3.5kg and kept until 105kg subtract total N produced by pigs finished at 35kg (0.77)from total N produced by pigs finished at 105kg (3.36) and use the figure of 2.59 in column 3.

4 Male turkeys, assuming 2.1 crops per year; 80% occupancy.

5 Female turkeys, assuming 2.4 crops per year; 80% occupancy.

6 Ducks, assumes 80% occupancy.Include cockerels, drakes etc in hen/duck numbers.

6

Table E: Standard Nitrogen Excreta Production and Maximum NVZ Stocking RatesThe table on the following page provides information on typical excreta production for a range oflivestock types and the maximum permissible stocking rates for the livestock kept on NVZs. The tableshould be used in conjunction with the following notes:

NOTES:

1. Maiden gilts, assuming all year round accommodation.

2. Sows based on 2.3 lactations, covering 23% of year and dry period 77% of year. Combined output 19.5kgN/sow/year.

3. Replacement pullets, output per 20 week cycle. Where there is more than one cycle per year adjust the outputfigures proportionately.

4. Broilers, output per 6.6 crops/year, 42 day cycle (76% occupancy).

5. Turkeys, assuming 2.1 or 2.4 crops per year, male and female birds.

6. Lambs, on average, kept for 6 months.

7. ‘Occupancy’ for growing/fattening cattle variable on farms and should be assessed on individual unit.

Tabl

e E

:S

tand

ard

Nitr

ogen

Exc

reta

Pro

duct

ion

and

Max

imum

NV

Z S

tock

ing

Rat

es

7

Cat

tle

Dai

ry c

ow65

010

023

.211

61.

52.

2

Dai

ry c

ow55

010

019

.296

1.8

2.6

Dai

ry c

ow45

010

015

.376

2.2

3.3

Dai

ry h

eife

r re

plac

emen

t>

2 y

ears

500

100

11.7

582.

94.

3

Bee

f suc

kler

cow

> 2

yea

rs50

010

011

.758

2.9

4.3

Gro

wer

fatt

ener

> 2

yea

rs50

010

0 N

711

.758

2.9

4.3

Gro

wer

fatt

ener

12-2

4 m

onth

s40

010

0 N

79.

447

3.6

5.3

Gro

wer

fatt

ener

6-12

mon

ths

180

50 N

72.

412

14.0

21.0

Cal

f0-

6 m

onth

s10

050

N7

1.3

724

.036

.0

Pig

s

Mai

den

gilts

N1

90-1

3010

02.

613

.013

19

1 S

ow p

lace

incl

udin

g lit

ters

N2

Pro

geny

to

7kg

130-

225

100

4.0

19.5

913

Wea

ners

3-7.

5 w

eeks

7-18

900.

43.

057

83

Gro

wer

s, d

ry m

eal

7.5-

11 w

eeks

18-3

590

0.9

6.1

2841

Ligh

t cu

tter

, mea

l fed

11-2

0 w

eeks

35-8

590

1.4

9.4

1827

Bac

oner

s, d

ry m

eal f

ed11

-23

wee

ks35

-105

901.

510

.516

24

Bac

oner

s, li

quid

fed

(@4:

1)11

-23

wee

ks35

-105

902.

410

.516

24

Po

ultr

y

1,00

0 La

ying

hen

s2,

200

9841

.066

026

038

0

1,00

0 B

roile

r pl

aces

N4

42 d

ays

2,20

076

16.5

495

340

510

1,00

0 B

roile

r br

eede

rs3,

400

7761

.097

517

026

0

1,00

0 R

epla

cem

ent

pulle

ts N

317

wee

ks1,

600

387.

812

51,

360

2,00

0

1,00

0 Tu

rkey

s (m

ale)

N5

140

days

13,5

0080

46.4

1,39

012

018

0

1,00

0 Tu

rkey

s (fe

mal

e) N

512

0 da

ys6,

500

8021

.765

026

038

0

1,00

0 D

ucks

50 d

ays

3,40

085

90.0

900

190

280

She

ep

Adu

lt ew

es>

1 y

ear

6510

01.

59.

019

28

Lam

bs N

66

mon

ths

3550

0.2

1.2

140

210

Typ

e o

f Li

vest

ock

Ag

e ra

nge

or

aver

age

Bo

dy

wei

ght

(kg

)O

ccup

ancy

(% o

f ye

ar)

Ann

ual

excr

eta

pro

duc

tion

(m3

or

t)

Ann

ual N

excr

etio

n(k

g)

170k

g/h

a N

250k

g/h

a N

Ani

mal

num

ber

per

ha

equi

vale

nt t

o a

n N

load

ing

of:

8

Table F: Slurry production per month (based on undiluted slurry)

Cattle

1 dairy cow (650kg) × × 1.93 =

1 dairy cow (550kg) × × 1.61 =

1 dairy cow (450kg) × × 1.28 =

1 suckler cow or dairy heifer × × 0.98 =replacement (550kg)

1 beef bullock (440kg) × × 0.79 =

1 follower or young stock (180kg) × × 0.40 =

1 calf (to 6 months) × × 0.21 =

Pigs

1 maiden gilt (90-130kg) × × 0.22 =

1 breeding sow place

(and piglets to 4 wks) × × 0.33 =

1 weaner place × × 0.04 =

1 grower pig place × × 0.08 =

1 light cutter pig place × × 0.13 =(35-105kg, dry meal fed)

1 bacon pig place × × 0.14 =(35-105kg, liquid fed)

1 bacon pig place × × 0.22 =(35-105kg, liquid fed)

Total monthly volume of slurry = m3

Stock unit on slurry-basedsystem

Number of stock unitson slurry or part slurry-

based system

Proportionof waste

collected asslurry

Volume perstock unitper month

m3

Total volumeproduced

each monthm3

9

Fiel

d id

entif

ier

or Fiel

d n

ame

Xx/

xxxx

/xxx

x

abSoi

lty

pe

c

Inco

rpor

atio

ntim

e

d

Man

ure

typ

eR

efN

o.(1

-43)

e

Sea

son

app

lied

or t

o b

eap

plie

d

f

Are

asp

read

(ha)

g

Am

ount

app

lied

t or

m3

h

Rat

eap

plie

d(t/

ha o

rm

3 /ha

)

i

Tota

l Nkg

/t o

rkg

/m3

j

Tota

l Nap

plic

atio

nra

te(c

ol. ‘

h’×‘

i’)

k(%)

Ava

ilab

le N

in S

prin

g

l*

Ava

ilab

leN

rat

e fo

rp

lann

edcr

opkg

/ha

m*

Ava

ilab

leN

rat

e fo

rne

xt c

rop

**m

ultip

y co

l. j

figur

e ×

10%

kg/h

a

Tabl

e G

:Li

vest

ock

man

ure

appl

icat

ions

and

N a

vaila

ble

in s

prin

g to

cro

ps a

nd g

rass

.

Farm

nam

e:…

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

.Fa

rm c

ode:

……

……

……

….

* Le

ave

enou

gh li

nes

belo

w e

ach

FID

, to

allo

w fo

r th

e m

axim

um n

umbe

r of

app

licat

ions

that

are

like

ly to

be

mad

e. N

ote

that

col

umns

‘l’ a

nd ‘m

’ are

spl

it. T

his

is to

allo

wcu

mul

ativ

e va

lues

to b

e en

tere

d, w

here

mul

tiple

app

licat

ions

are

mad

e. Y

ou s

houl

d en

ter

the

avai

labl

e N

in th

e le

ft co

lum

n an

d en

ter

the

cum

ulat

ive

tota

l in

the

right

col

umn.

**A

ssum

e th

at 1

0% o

f the

tota

l N a

pplie

d be

com

es a

vaila

ble

to th

e se

cond

cro

p fo

llow

ing

appl

icat

ion.

Thi

s fig

ure

shou

ldbe

car

ried

forw

ard

to n

ext

year

s Fe

rtilis

er a

ndM

anur

e P

lan

(ent

er in

col

umn

‘d’ o

f Tab

le A

or

colu

mn

‘k’ o

f Tab

le B

).

10

Cro

p

Cro

pp

ing

det

ails

Org

anic

man

ure

app

licat

ions

Ad

diti

onal

com

men

tsIn

orga

nic

Nap

plie

d

Dat

eso

wn/

pla

nted

Dat

efe

rtili

ser/

man

ure

app

lied

Typ

e e.

g.20

:10:

10

Am

ount

app

lied

kg/h

a

Tota

lN

app

lied

Man

ure

ref.

no.

or o

ther

Ana

lysi

s of

Nco

nten

t(if

not

usi

ngst

and

ard

figur

es)

kg/t

or

m

Qua

ntity

app

lied

per

ha

m3

or t

Tota

l Nap

plie

dkg

/ha

e.g

. Jus

tific

atio

n o

f an

ych

emic

al N

fer

tilis

er a

pp

lied

dur

ing

the

clo

sed

per

iod

Tabl

e H

:In

divi

dual

Fie

ld R

ecor

d S

heet

Farm

nam

e:…

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

.Fa

rm c

ode:

……

……

……

….

Har

vest

Yea

r:…

……

Fiel

d IA

CS

iden

tifie

r (F

ID):…

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

….

Fiel

d na

me:

……

……

……

….

Fiel

d ar

ea:…

……

……

……

haS

oil t

ype:

……

……

……

…

Notes:

11


Astron B29322

Astron B29322-04


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