rKl^T"'.' y'

mm

■git'hJQi'ijtji

(iir J'-'d

vht/l

Jir

v* '*<^*7 axvotaA M*a ^

c<b>j

V^pJ/^fss.

jb/fe

'/ii^ Ji^jy'if&J'fS^W'/'t/l&r^-'J^& h}

[fvlXs'jXf/4^rl/a3\j^l££-^jyJra*ijfJJij£0^iit-y''^:'^ iJ_cb»Jlw*r)Lja^iyt{fy/£/-i;i-*iril&Sijf/ote/'1/%'

■ ^ L/o>l>^) Ui^cv b^iy 'ajrijbjf t tsy&J)' Jiy, Y^i 'JiSr'/in«-

-J'/M '6&J: '/W

iS/r^Jn-""^j> iu>

tfy^^^>]i}^.'-^^^iSjyMpo\yj\^c>^&^Lj>

Utf CJ)J"J''>^y^-rJy/Jjif'jj&\J'ljA ' O-^'/L l< u^sL) i [, i^y

KOMItAV ^ 'east AND WEST MODERN REVIEW Ail CHRONICLE

~ ■^TcTJ -'a i-'i' si1 of'iAi-

;i^ fyj \=^/i(y^

- t\fJ>&Jj2<)>\^*'*--/L£oh*£j'y3d (^i'yjO+sj^iS^ ^JiJj* '^Jii^- &J^Jj

I >j*s*L ',MtfdjSj»\''d*s"jU-£s~tflJi\jsid»\/^~\)<t*yt £i%SJi

•' ^1 l/jS,i/'l>

- [/&/$/>

^)^3-4^4x^r 1 *-> & ■ ^c^j^hjc*

r x in t rci • i^u^L riii LL'}lu*(f}t L/us? ULf *

ri3 • (J^(J^

r-i t flf vl^^^ci^^Asj^f^tL^Uicf' * f^J^

m L Ll^liV t/jir(J^

fdi 1t (£(J^

W ^o^Uj^.LiV J^cP ^Ai

ni »fly*1

i/'L&^'^tfjUjjM'ULs *

Mb diS>[[j:>jj>. 5 f^cP irf

in

ijd yL^j^iIIjsjwJJLf t i^L^l

^ !* ty '-W-^f

J^cj vf-JL/^i 'Aj'jtfj^^fi ^ ^r1 f t^/JiJtJ^fy ■ eZ-. jvl-of^

c/J x y^J J J^1

^^uic)'^-'1 ^cf/^1^ k'■■^:;^^,•-'1

-1^

I (fii ^tC/l ^JJS : ^ t L-^fUk^- a_U - J-^

IP

.W/j'^uijS^vi(f-J"i'J'c.*^U!/ivtU5;i'iyw

Id

JI ji\ 'ji^J'J'^ji^ ]uif>>i/'^o^^^o

y ^^Ciy^.)^)^-1^>} ^-4>)1^C)(> byji*;*

'Cy^tS^O t ^ "-X; oyj^iio^ts"*

jy>,f-ui*j>& t,j}' <y* \iV/J'*r*-Ji- h h^yy^fU'O/tfC a^'^i"i^-'i ^jy'jyj^ ■yyf'jy^

*>£»_/>>) y^J^jh l & V& ^l^(/y^jl^uJf'iy{/

- fV^V'' ^

yydM^S'(Ti^i/yj?t//jjy%/js,sLrisiyyji ^ (ru^ q t?)Sj(y&/J>\ (" r-j^;

'liy',\y4dfS>^j*jfJj^£>U'jjl/- aS-

1 j'^;

tfS ^>^J\As>&i'(Jyij'W?-

vi^^i

*j;4Xy'1^

, „ "uiJI ai-

u

'&lSJr?'c//ijj 'C"

■ (fiJrt^i^lfiji/i/JjiiiLsifC ens. UjJ&ijy

r^y^A. ^ytt-j'rf^yijr/

Uys^ri/^'IAA^ ^•^SL->>'Oi/s^^)\i LJ> . i/y tf " JSJ/H) - <2 jZfJ^'!

iJyjto/jteLJ'/)

"J JlS) J ^ i.'J -■ ^ ^ -,1'

J./>^:Ji'Mj>'i,A--^,^J^J^Z/^. V'SfrS •si-

v^iy-V-^vi^/j!; js-

I ftjt.

i nr1 r 1 (Wr ^

j>&Us fZJ'M

A^dJ. ^

1 1 ^ l

14

i^Jv^y^C>'J^l^^>. Goij)! ^

Jj-^'/J' Cii/^J ICJL St'jbc >\x^^01

ci-^i - 04 L^ lO - tO-'

>f4r

'VXo* ^

&J^(f(S^>(j?^Olj3)jlJ^JuJ^f)lj'jO. J\jj\ «4r ijj') - J*.

^^^^lj:^//'^j:^lj^^}l3,j^(/j6)l}.//j^C/J

A* tj3*tsjV " fti^- "uaJI ftli-

^-Jl

^-0 t/J 1 -c/i)

^i/r's^rj^i

- j//^c^^Ji/s.'i/.-Jy, Lf

^i/^kkj,'cy ^ Vup i^jj **. ^j> i&j ot

Jl nm^.f]^- j.p. FANTHOME j/l.

^-■^(?£//^>i^o\j:j?ijfl£l/i.^\iJs^j

^-kJ

^j"' Jk, V t^/ ^

y^iS'-.y^co^j'^-j^". HJ i^j! ^ 'y.'^y.'fcy

l<-^^>k^y',yLri,vj>)-^,r^y^lfJ,lu

' ^

- J-C-

^jLA/W'/

- U' —

^l>J^VAto,l^^"'^6^>'(''1'4

(, .^,1 ^ Sc//l')<Sd/^'^ I^JSOJ*0 a--

Cf

J. 'c McC^f^v-^d^iskist^'Ji*^ -"^^-^1} ^JytZ/A - *~^"'iyP/J3t> "(* Jl^-

p>3 'tj,\j^ " ^i/

" e/sj^"' vAh^'

1 r^sd*' ^

*0£CA y/J-M jl*sy\Afj)) "^CAisA i'-/ L> L^ ^Jy^iJrj)jX^- j/feo ^fjA' W-&'

"j'X 11/'faj^Sij'oi^tfjj3l&yJ^l^^u>j£>is V /"/> L ijj Coy

' iftoay3/q i ££.

\*'lf'(Jvycji/'^'.yi- JS

^^>t?j>*j'''j-j-is'>*£^'^-Ay''y*-

tJcJ-yujiti'jt.feiS.iiiS'jjM - ^S*

>)ll_J\2jrfll.lp*J2yj'\Ji/?yi£>i'*yc'llfcJt-"iU'iS'Z,^J>*

(?r - gL*^'^z^"1 'y1 cyv-^ J -^■' 'oi* *j" y.i°».>''vj y?

d^>

- ^ '3>"

MS-0&

vt>

0& ' r &J^oil^jj[sjJ,j\J>\.£<z,ls'i ■ ^ji/. ^Ury 'JS feL&sjZjjCf'tf.XJ»\

i 0 ^cfj^J'iiruZiJv/f - J^(f'*(fjljl/j/'i&'Ji)-£/,Jy

1 ^ e>4*Z-ij/j>C>hJ!:> I -i-<^ I () bh^iotlCiX&ySZfiy**

-V tji (l}\, j^lJji^J^j Ij r'SiZfi <& Wjl/^ &

rfi/cfc^l <& fft/ U2>/ CJS

•^sTirO'fJ'.' ^ ^ ■is'^C-^'d v/^aji^

d-d >4 ^ j'"4-

ny\i&f4oi^4o"*i^&'/'>'~'p-iio>i'iii?it::'''j'*

. ildc4-d.^>ir'JS^oy4

Vjjjiyvjri ,i/l^-J.J.^iyJ^^lJj--^d4!/l-dPd/4'J'"

^ ^ i J/^ i/—

dS

- fij"' &j^s aJ^

rb^utXJji, ^ J , \ -y -r'ii*"0/ic^r'&!iliii{'!f'Jlf>1 OJS

u/*pj^'ji'*-yiy<£o/,^-/>tfli^^JJjltCj!'

/u a^jjiiJsojzs y^yy-d ^iS>y - yZy^yS* ly^ij, f j''-

r't/' (S-r'' r^j/ Li: ,££

r-Ay I (j;.^r «£?

(tz^p ^j. tt/j^z fa&r'/'' (jitf'^^^fZ-

^ ^ j ty^bt /

w^ff-*sj- J t -vi

)j^J\/\j)\^y^&y\i'&tfj^j&)jvy'\*Z'03*''ii(7/^j

ji^ti tw/hywJM*,\y j-Jy^i^y-t yj Jisjibbis btyfjj -iXj-tJsjyJ-jy >&

LJ jJi^/^JjiyC/y^/l

^J1 •& i-j1'ytfil L^>f«s^

^4/'^vr ^

r*

IT11 H^>OrJ'}t IJIlzJ*,^ I

fWY-

"-^r-u/n

'^^^o^-(sy^y_^}^(/(y,^'jWy^u>ci-"

^(//^i/'li yjsUiu*4 j>j\£,)j & r'f-r'ft/i^.yf ^r

r-

/j jj sj*y uJ'^t • /l^^i^i.^Vi^^il)iJc(/X^,f,!-»ii>i-'(/!ij?l-'tK''i'

-^rt/if-' ■*'**■ t'>S>sj\i(s'.-"i£/'iy,'J'i' y-z-o'-J^- s]jrji>U>j,-Siibw ^ ^

i/;u

^ i/y^-,^1 ^ " i^v^V^"

. . fj,ji &

n

JLJ-ULS CliLy* 1/'^'■"■'jj^l/xf^,

sj) ^ 1 w^r1 SS(fs.L-'[iJ**i~j)j*£

'6 ^ ^ut 'Wjyj -1 ffl^jjbji byf/jLe^r.^ d/i ^djddjfj^ed.lf^J ^j^^JcC Jk IJ*?

-J^i^ '^ctP1 1 a/.. ^c/s- vStz-o

J[ ijisj.&*J. ^rr/f'di J ^Oi ^'uiijd^l-ijj Uyl/^u^jtjL? id

^ dJ

i/jj^jpl'fjJ IsyZJdtfjl iji&iJUsirHfa j "JUJ> £ d

" Mi^ji ^ ir t ( ^^jt/dzroddO:

if-1 vji "dr/dP.^ "<& Af<Af 'fVj/u! df^" ^

<&■ ali-

fY

"'ui^f-'MiSA

f": JA-Jo^.i/.dii:^' ^i/*'tA^jJ' 'OSiUpu^^iJ/lXjPWrf^

*<^W\>-iftij'i iii/ti/rwr

Uf/fjfi-HtfS' uj*'>h>' U^-1 r- 4 >1/}'^/ ^i/Zo ^g^-i/LT^^AS^

10J> ((//^ V/xJ > 'jjJfl I A' »l;l«i Y&j^ if/ f o ^aJJ y1' -r'tfi/d'ScCi*?1 '~i)-j^iS 1 '1' ^ ^ gW-/" _''-*■'~i ^c/-'

cJiMi^-Sr y5tf jV^ax^ ^.•■•',| i" j»<

-^T-i/•P-J'''J<Cf'(£&' IJ'yjlJ'k L"^lA'>,jl L'j ^

Wi/'dj^' ^

rr

- •!:rii*?J-'>-i(t-£(fi(rf-ri\'/lJ(^t&\tfjV,\i

/•jKi

: J-.jJj*^ tV ^ )»i

all W'/St/'Mjwi^Ufjji/iz,^)

V1 %cC^ ^13 -frtjy^S/U l> oL3 [y I l> ^ I cl1

^M^lf Jj t I ij>

L/J (JJL LJSJ^lsx/'J

)i °J)Ii^l/j^^-l^-olf^ jl l^£i_Jl^"cJI -^-(j^1 1 ^^

L-J jL '^()^Jj^';>J:iilf-?'&.^ f/yf5- L/UC^L L>-'^' ^V-51 ^

tAt ^k-"

11/'/?^. k-^uUAwji^y

fb

J^/^rOU

^>^J-j&^\2y^y'v*f'L4lLio^yil ^yfij

^■■Z-Ot-iJy.J. O^.J'Ojtljji^ -fyJdJMOfo,^ -fyi/til jj/:*^. i'i-oi>iiMUruji,yjit-'i^^iJ,

d.Ld3'dy'■']^~''-i~ZCj)yjy.t^^d^yy A-JfftflUv£>' a±Z

*</ "ujj «fC

" LjJyisUUs'yjL iyy uZniny^

)j^(/'/\0\Hf^''^rO ^ Ji^X-*

- K/1 k k"

i/k^y

LV^LX'bL i/^ ^ ^l

Ji^&-ti,J<iMtt'OWj'ZrA's'^-i?:^ ■Zr^/'y y.ye

tjy.\eA>>y*JJ\rt''hiO''J>!^-'* yii'^^O^.l/-^ ^ uQJi'JA M -a

^.J-j^Aj'J:' CV btf/AJ.

"i-"

*

fac/i

^VV'^L(.'^'^-islct(-/^=u'_J.l>.^ij.liu,jrsf}i).'li/

" ■^'y,&c^^^!iW^i*^^a;J-h.*>i;,ijr^jj

u^d:jMy*-(s'&"S^Mj^.-^u/.. tfriuL4,i '^/vj-y*-te-o*tj^yihJ^ob-j>A's'cV'i-

-^[:yyi%J?'*z-iy,/li*i*i-/*S^U>i/jy-ifJis^0[cj.lji.i£, •ii^u'''!}lir^io'/iii^^iri/i>i

CA

i/i/fii/& 1 u-^ - ^^>li/AtJ:-^&'±

-^foA L>?vty< L'^yfiT^ Oj?

OU^^JJ uJ-Ll

. 3MVSo\!>f:Ji>-£>l/'£4SiV}1

°2-

JjJoi ^iu^d ^ ^

sjflsCjvbiyji- i (y^J I l^I l (jy^j/)j LflilJPij ojjjjzJjufj)] ijisi

'<&*.■ „ . , - ^"1 I

if1 otO»l>^ I

'y^/tffaQiXf

IfJy*}fI uiu-'j 0)/[/j/ ^CJ Y* lf«^--f ^

aAd ^ , .

£>/'</," ^ if t ^

- jyA'^ 'ii y-tj/jiy'j&.-&od>/.i

id l(^%(/f3S'>r6.CI&VillJi£'ye-4*Lj\(yod*£o>i.'S

i/cfi- f^j/- ^LsL-4

^oA%^y 6yAJ'*[Ji^/^^jjj>€>jA/'ijyJ'\-j

^-i-iiyUmi -&?' L/JI j-s,>#>o&'teAt!>jfij,j,ijLiLf

cr

MINI) AflJ isj_/jj lys is: Oa=^_ NATURE »' o&^ofi&CLz i &ij>(

;_jo

<uy

^^y^lJ**lSjO)*fji\Xs£J?'j/j-jJ\ { o^j)^ W^jJ^/j^j^-Ji/}^^-

^j\yi'Ois'*^-^j£yily\i'*£Z~t)\liji}fjj>l.lj£i/tlsllfjt--l>>[J!

iJi ^

-l&ytlSdl

pr

^ 1 ^4 - oj.J/j^

J'1 t/l/a^^ii' lyOtf* '^Ciiyl/j i ^ ^yarfUJItLoel

-fij* -L5

/jl tdjei ■ yjfi*^ z^isiS ,^:>^) i> ? u^i uf' b^u-i'^t/^. ^cKi^r' i/^ l«i-j\)»j \l^M/3)kSJ^ J> I

a ^ i yiz.t-yi?' oj/'i y^f w 0>&I^;w )Ldr.&<ti)*>i/iJ^{b'Ji- ■ ^ tTiu^^yj^fjjLfV c/L/'^I/CI ^ j-^ - ^jy.^LT^^l^.^ Jiy ^JiSJi?J^jjJ<Cj\^/;ib\'J^/,

.i'y^- J J*> *S- j'\-£'op>yj^.y/^t ■ li/cty

^■JiT.-^' ^

\*J((jirye)ci/>^'oyx a;

t'J

^j''t?: V' i - j

'^^/j>\jt}et^rj^.\0}„i.

I; l yLtf^filflfi '^.LDL! I. J-jj- - J!x?^Jcl\>S'3%>i t/-ti. ■ LtJj-^-

oi/i-j''oy^'Oi/u^<'^>^>ryij_\^o/'^i)\^y^j.

L£&'j'lfo^CJl'»i/Ud*zrjjl£^J.j)ljJ'j*UUf<JrifZl)'3l/

lfy'//l/3LLj)jtUUSiJ3jl£/)J all ARISTOTLEAN SOCIETY

"THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ^^^/'(/cjlj^'lj/l/^^ LEADERSHIP"

rnjouytA &■

^AJr^y^cvt. —

/jLfi-jy'iii "-^-f /'

Jo^^j^bV"Yeffrg M-& ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (CvLsCf-J6

lAt^j'htSCyj jj/o/Js

z^tfS -is; Oil j^Uix

fH

jr/jJjy'i&t'tif'toJ^j^fi,■juji/jfi/oyf^jj!^-^

&/<J Uj^ ~>t/,^Jei£f,: ^ jsJ

a''^ / --

INTERNATIONAL U^f U>ty^o>^^-'^a' ^^o'y/J-j^iJj OF FAMOUS LITERATURE

-si- (-si->f t-yj Vt&ji/i - \jjjL^sjj>\

"tJjd-JiM "&&y* ^jyP- ^ (iARNET

u-r^bU ij ^ i l/^v'ty'

iSy^-^- Oi/o*/^- j>. "i/^V

rr'*.yr'i)lyi£:^i *1? xta-rf^J'iSj^ ^

(*

ttfjo) ifo i/ysJJjy^^hj i}^6'0,^A

sz~ L>^L/^/4- i jJ/J.

>J|^^j/^Uf^ji^jfji

"j^l/ft'L&U

cJgt -<Lp^Pyi=Ji\>}j^<^\y\:/'^>\L/i

ifajjlp ^ipd - ^cfi^ oJv^D-'P} - (p^'jlk jJ1

^Qwi/rv^ IjJVW'j/jl/tjtjJj tiO^J-Jk ai'

ft/' 1 lUPOX • ipvp** aii XfA-YftJ'itf.Ly ai."

jvj't ^ oJ/ 'MtfiZ-rf)/'- i^/^ y^-M^ 1

j*.,^/ \) mental i' viikii.ih:i ai^' X) MKNTAI. IMINSIOl.tX.N ^i^... ^i °

t ^ 4 Jj^t >/^^ ^ ^^ 1 - ^ ^

^^Ji/d UJ ^ 'p l/^J)'£-Oyd" dyi/:1 lj)l &

^i Tin: I'vrnoi-ot.v OKMIM) -olfVtff^JlV' ^

>-^ i^h-^o'^C -'i/^L—^'SItJ Till I'MNSIOLOCV \M) I'VI IK)l.()(.V

Tin: ok mind -^L—/}3^i/\J-j\^^j>^O^yJ'^ •,llV.SI()l.()(;\>ol MINI)

CS'J)\JiS^{<lJ' Till I'vmoi.oca 01 MINI) \.y 1

<sC- Till. I'ATIIOI.OOVOK MINI)

Jbistfr &lj/l k i ^ '-=r<r ^ r" 9 - t'AJ'ftiS> t ilUfjjj i l/j/1 c^.j ".£JS\J>5A

hj'yJ'&l <li- w^w-ri to

a-

"How can a Mn.ssalnian who has been taught to spell the Koran, to read the Koran, to recite the Koran, as his sole school lesson, and to believe that there is nolhing true outside the Koran and whose ancestors have done the same thing tor more than ten centuries, have any real sympathy ol' reeling and thought, a real cominunily of nature with a Christian or do otherwise than loalhe.hale and despise him? J'T

"But epileptic mania is not invariably so violent; sometimes it is of a sub-acute character, more busy than wild, with voluble and incoherent talk, agitated and restless movements, and perhaps with singular exaltation of feelings and ideas. Then the patient is prone

THE PATHOLOGY OF MINI) ^

to entertiiin very elevnted notions of liimself; and if lie is addicted to iiiiicIi reading of the Bible, as epileptics soinetinies are, he may develop the delusion that he is an inspired personage and has a divine gift of inlerpreling seriptnre or a divine mission to perform and redeem the world \s he alone in the world is then possessed of the light of inspiration, while all the rest of mankind are enveloped in the fogs of error, he will not shrink from fnlRlling his mission hy means that may he startling to ordinary intelligence and traditional modes of action." A is?

, I r , '""""B "' P"" »' lil« ail), tla jiulient i, m„di in is some great personage, perhaps a god or Christ, or that he has rece,ve,| .he Holy (ihost. or that he is a direct channel of divine inspnalion in some other special way... Transports ol evallalion m.erac U|' '.". J""" •'"""v enllmsiasni and intrepid ti" 110. Mvid imaginations translating llieniselus into hallucinalioiis. n.(lamed conceit will, allernalioi. of ...elancl.ol, self dish list what are these hut the factors and characteristics of the "spued prophet, who being epileptic, used once to he thought to

heaven"" Visi""s voices from

^1/ THE PATHOLOCJY OF MINI) (V*<.

6f

INSPIRED PROPHET

iSi'($ty^'ta/iSl*''> '(^W'

if.

j £> if ^c (c^jj^d/" (jfAiJ/. &£■* ^ ^1»^ J,'=:=-, -A''tj ^ d^'c/2^

^i^/iAd "Psvt no pahioi.ocv :J^)

"JiidjiiiiK I hi- variniiN l>|u-s ..I'atlivity iluil iiiiiiiniltd IVkiii llie iniiM'iiii'nl iliitiiiled l<> tlic (iroplK't of Ishim. Iii.s xpiritiiid li'iisiiin and tlic kind id'bi'lnivinnr xvliiili isMii'd IVnm il. cannnl be

U-^J UJ i J d51O'^yU -r' (■ •SUIIUMINAL

- r'SELF"

or

!}/,£&Ji^)

J1,^1^ 44-^r kJ°y? "£(rfli-W V U' ' *^-/a< ' & V-^ij\sj>&l/t^'jlS-ZAX^^S-d^/t/f

(jrO iDs^^^yX\<yyo\ "Jyjdyy&^'Xjp *& \-^jAj/fayc

<yL^j,<»AiMoit fti-J

e^-J Jtiijjl&yj11 - A-2. ^ '(Jffa Vi^j- 0)-&j$>. &oJ> >~4i£j'i ^ t -s (i Wi/yy^j ■ td-^yj^.oxy^yL-

"ivsvciK)i.( x ;Y ()i J1 JcJi>U'tfO-''c^^'y<.>4> LKADKKSllll""

or

; Jj I uiJ. ^ I ijLA>^ b Xj^ L J-w^l £, >(

- *sZr>\jj\

tlj

c/j (/rftfjUUf-1 ((^JU?;^ i ip^oich^ Tf^jV

ij^i'iiy- L/h\jijyU( i

-==- a/foiftf} i'j^lw \^\ i t «-> l

'> ^ ^T 'd"^

60

',ijl^^LLVJjjLifjJJt-jj'.j/s

"J-dd

k-W

^/iddj-^d-ddiiyd■■d'cdlS^r^J'SJ>*&/

■ii^d?4^4^'4'iSijido4>=^?^Yr4ly* u

'■w \-sr.

Vs5

^IL-J \y'\,j\^/(^>^/'\ "-^-^d^yi t-4c/ , j-^y/^wj3^-r'''1 -»

tfyrtJi.tz^Ss^-J: ■ ojSj\y'\,y_/i-f^'i^/l\ t- ^ sy<zr,j»\& 1111 in'i's>i"ii

u oy "J ^J" 'J ^ ^ 11 —^

ji.i} 'j^-^^iiij^o/, jftji uyJ&t/r1

&)<»J$/, j? t/3'\io ^y^'i'^^')^'

j:j\'i\jii>i'H'u! f,

".^cAs

'vyvji-i/n yoy^yyjr." ^

y.j«^iyjJ,\^iJ>j/ij>^^ls^^ ^ye>-£/iiif!iff" y* 1

■^rtyyf}^/'jy£>-y&j?,is/*i-afaj*iyj'>jMisij.

yyyy^M^/.^ rsu hiimkt or i.Kwn:iiM11t .1 l!V/-(*C^U1/) -

'V'ci/^ ^ IJTy^li-J.>! aB

a*

Vybo>i; ■ - s ul^ ^V

/f^i^-^'/^ ij Sj?>yj>\jiJ/^

"uiJju^Le/^y^t; >'- J^y^iy/j i> 3^1, ^.^yoyXjay^^Q Jd ^ ^ yy^Let^o* -jJ-^U^- ^ytVj'ot

fis/jfjiityji "f^xy \ "o'yu^isy^^jizCu(sy\&.'^\<£. ^_

d&i$/>\&l^"x<^jy'^3tfy;}\jrAlf»*0\it'J^J&Ut\*C

ffl < ♦')"<(/ alt' (»<t/^L=-*>>> a!^' «^K

44

V - X/'-^ ^

lf&/yO'if^Zfl)^jyjj^ d^jy^L/jy >

tz-wyyj&jtfifiifo uw'cAi,/" li^j-j^yyn M&JL,/. "M '^;jy-^iy]-^tf>y.>[>'^y^yjy?yyyf~'yoi

Jli/- i^'y, oy<L£>j^y^sj* "Ji^y. ^ yi'Cjisyj^lojJ''l)ir\£l^jiU/izSjlj\iy'iJl_;sSj.^iJJJ\

dLwjWi^i'oxj&yc; ijiyy^yy jy^p^-

'o!!? . y' / _ .! " ipy jfcfhjfijjrijjk £_ -QM

o^y, jj'i/d t yy^^is-'^djisyoy^r • j tXi/'j Jji

ijM'>o^ui ^-L^y/^yy^y^ijjxijjuiiy co/^y

^a</ '■ ^ y? rV < o!^

^afsj>( s»j i ii^jlj i'jjyi-■j^Oi^y ql£?

JJIJ' h'ltfJ1/! t-^'> J-u* -^i lS^J( Oj jUy^tZ-

*s. "/

#\,<^\!jMij,/>t<£J'-'MJ*JL^li>^v2-'*r(l 'l^1

L~>?3id'if,''i>r.>*i<£iy*-^'cCo&'"t'Jio>'t-^ti£ijj*>jj3*C4y

£ui{''j—&'ii(i''vl'.:/

^ 0^/4^^Ji<- t HOfyf

iff^ ' UJ INDII I KKKNCK

cySo^/^Y^ dA'f-'y"1-"^/*^ 11 {-ct^^J^ ie^'cfO 3J.Lyu<Jsj/Y

jc) ui/^ •^r^y^]/>(j6yi))y'/^yC^c)\j)^j')>^fof^oi-f-'/^'j}Y^'i/i

-£j\> <>/(*/.>&

^j"' alt"

tL \>^i/c) k ^ J A)' k^-zj l«i. h^Ly^O \jJjJJj>'/j> • ^1/kjA^AA 'o^-^ ^^^/\jjj_p\>\>j^jj3j3j fiyy -^-^fj-

4^:>J » Jij-.J^-Ji^y^"^ y^jj* irjs. .. jijJ-J^yy/J) iS&Mji-M&ij&^yoiyjijyiii/fiZ

- <>*)//*£<. ■ b^.j'i)Q\fe*/\* ^J'. *&

>;) ^^syjjyos'sjjyo&Jjy^'r^'' e^- <£-■& > JlV ^(J k -»^lU >-' '■,

L^^ft iS-i^yy j^yy^^y^js^yyis'yy^y ^yj-sy-y-^

Hf

'^d^J'- J/1^"'"1 -•z-^1'](^- 'fJ'3fy'/J'-^t/d.

J^.^y^j,j>W(/,JJ)ifo^»^' \J^ ^ ^y<J\ wn -i)<

dio\-Ji^JJ,>&?>]j>J:~' - '(yybhjt&^dft^^d^d** "d/33 /—^

ydi&hyd^y t Jy l ^ipj \>J& ^ dftlfy jy1 d

■i^d'Y'/yd3-'1^ -(/[il/U j('} iyy^-iyd^i iX

y/y yy.'yQy^j y^j? di^yS/.^d/*3' y^'.

•^-^J ^/'(j i ^ ^v*■y^yy^yc^yd^ijy'aZ' y ^JJ y

r^-^v- <!^

1C

b>//^^y'jb>j!. "</ r n iq

diS^'SZ^ii•% l>' J/' ^ >\^'\^^)tf^^/lJi\lSj/sj\)'\lf^. iftJj/Sjstf/

leiXi/

l/ ^/■/j

j^ti&ij&y.f'ucJi&iits'ifCiiy-L

$/l&j&#ij,\^lf)jt&y/jt\.j-JI£,\,jjl\. viY-V&J'ifc^'

y^Lxuy'^

tijiSj^Mittj*!; .jj 'Zofjyf^r'»J^j>\^u>a i. ^ -J.(J.Jjx

OyJ&cJ •^j/^/^y^iS^. MJ^

^^kb-^iy^tJCOy'^y^

J^. -(/s>~y,i^/)bi\^)jj '^y o/j"^

j5 ^Ur^/jtjyy,^; u^ J j^J k; t y^jJ^CoO

yJ1 ^y^yy. & & <<r^ytf(yjys",<f>(//^oy;iz>^^yiciy»ji4c%

y**>i\jj> yz-yL^yjiiYi. ^.j //.yyyoA^\ijyy^j^^j\yy^^^iy-\

Y'*lf('>rf\)ft\(/i{.^ •U'-

HW

- lISptjrO ii ^jyf "!ift/J/1 tysey^ifoM i)-/0-1 k^^oy* Jif1

40 Wj) I 'j jij/j ]<4x -jjfs'jrj* t Uh&.&jtjtjji

jt L>-s=^^ 2 11 t ^ lC^.J' JiiSi* u ui^L" L> t tSfftLsS//); 'v1 - ^ jjSS jiJi'Uy/jrfi w •■j^d j\Jii> &/£/<) (fi ^A^y^^y\- .» ^ ^Vw/i V1

j^l»» ^ ^ ^! - U i t Xj-Jr^ k J ^/» <

U^i ■iji^^[id(C ^2. 2s t *y-d^

c/yJ-C^V1 - f''4/^-*fl'f-/l^-' *^1

Jsjei/ois ■ iyJjb/fC i.Jd.*~:S

\s/t'f>-r^j\/\/£~y'\. $

^3^) oj t y! I JM>I

li^yi /&&'/llj'Ls\/jjlLr;\JT^ -jM

ty^i'tj I ">*=-■ ' ^ ^"J b>f i. w/ i - ■■ -vi., ("->

! c/^'-^<i3//-^-'' ^/-t:—^ t/jV ->-^v;/j^ ji^ y. ,

Iff I !<(/> ft ir^js t UijzCil&lJarQ(tlI^I---- u^-^-^

cJ O-"1 ^ ^ ^ j j 'jl^^/

"Mcti^ggart N Fhilosophj ." l^c/'CC/^ ^ "Speeches , uriliiigN and Slatenienls of li|biil"

^*3' X'/SjA/ijJijibjJ?

i 11/1 - Lrf ^ J/ifaiC US ifal "^1^2^

IrfLJI ^Jj£->rj^'''diJ'St±~l "i l/tfl't'v&ii "' ti>'

ll/0^

i/(f^j»'°J'^lj'3j i lJ^ c U1

- ^j^L.))ijic)sii/itf 3 '-/ "•/(/^w-'W i/fjjh)}^jfy if

if>[ L»JfL 'Jd "(^"Jjecus/^^ (r - jiJwJ.JjZ?33^ V'^tu// Jj lj '-y*^ siSf^fs^1 ^ ^1' J ^1

5<{>A\r • iX>-;J''frSj-p'-'J'^

lfr,/..t}d^.^&&utUP***S*:>&' tJ"\WiSj>)jyJ *£'

'l!£,

|Vi't-i/ri1^5r,'^'r^'»'4>'i; «!J'

S4

^tA>^l>A,/

*Sii!^(t^tf4'iSM'iU'Wiji'ti>&Jis.^ljtjti> ■ U>-f>Lli

■ '■yLCc^J0.'l^J^-Mii/o^1

^:i^' t<i/i&J~Pis' *2? oly<wv{fJ)jj'sj c**1

>tf»y(}^^i-i.;t/lt^j^tfljov). 9 •C^ip'T

'iJ>}is>/o\i^oh'<dj^- £- L ^5->UJ>27/

^y/jyyj jy L" V"^

Mjtt&

^~j\j>\[y ly; iy^rf}^jijSy/°/C'-J-dW^L)^%°-' ^

r& "AobJ-rffa - Oj ; b'yJjjJ i(/r^1 "—'(^fJ>f1 ^yj^-tyj'j'Ji-

^{Jj*A1 ^ANTKiONt

>Df ^ ,

g, > IJ JI - I ' J J1^(>^ J

^ i/L^tvW"^ ^•^-•^Ut'i'jjm-^.^jJiX} iS^.ij^ejfiS tSjjJ'

a.^>^JJ^)/oi/i>,£/y&rJ^„Lja.im.

-; -r^i~JJ--Jj]^jIjfjyziij^ai^i

4l^Xl/l^^-£^ji'.e^tl£'>l-jjZlfj!,j.J^l1U''elJf£

.Jji

r<W'J't(£^i'\}l-WJ'' t^bJr <42? A I'sjcho ■ ethical •!£?

Aspect of flesh - eating - "East & West'

•!£?

^-J^, ^ (tji"f.-JtijA

{fj. V^W " L Katiiiualist

'/& jl«f t - ^A^/!yd^jiJ**^yyus& i -AJL-y;

xAsi-t/i VV

'^Jy"

n 4 YH^v'J-JSJSS il-ti 0 b*1

< r^h^yy c^t"

if

> t; Jib/faJ-, >>•^(1^' ^ ^,3c/t

&jj>i*IJ^'iJ'J\91^- iZijyjJA.

ys) vLj^ it

^ !/ - <£■

t-j&Lyjj bj>j)I (/yy^i 9

\ji3Wttj* "cjjZ 'ty ''^yjij'.yt^^y^f}j>jj>L£j)>lj\

U> t \s> ^ VL" .c^L5l^yO 'MKC^ if ^ii>L

0'- ^y.jy^d; 0) (uiJ^Joi-'^2y^o)h,ji^'^' 1P1 '

l-^?' os.Jt'ilf.'&r'kot 'ty jijflj'l Vjyij'yjiJl

if

J>j\Muc^]f. "(jt) Ui'^P^O^ f. e>oX^^(rW[

-^^Jys&'J'/6>sd*Mc)\J±&sJ.

1 i}iiz (Jj^O tyx^c^uyVj ^z

tfO1 ti j ^*J>j~I "/i^'-'/^^-u /S)j\ "^z

\

1 cyY^c'i/'ij

tb

/I4(A _ 'SW JJ*}'^* : CM/M /Hep"- ■'HIA /Odd _ /!$!> ^>1 '.fy^ju

- wr o^^Jap ■ (jWJ»

^\>'^>yM

"JESUS &. MARY IN ^(i THK holy QURAN"

z^Uo 1^/ Uj) Lj(>// OtL^Oy* \o)y~^ ^{v^f/t1- (^; J'JZ^y ^=i—w^'U'^'j L \j}tf!P\A£^0\ii}^'y^& 'J'jd f$&!f&^^\>4\sj/&tf0\di&'> 1-^f 1^5^' Sfa'S^S* 'tfs&Cii/ij ihj op fw/;^u oAc^V • J ^ 'J^°/J^(»JX

zl&f/ftJtUjJiSA CJjcC^vj-h"i!/fj -^^Jy^Jp^^'i:r^^iJj^r<^Jt-'1j. (V- c^sJ.V

L^jyw

1 ^=j3lJ\j±J\4£i~J\ ■^zr - jJ^u/'

- ^j-J^

~ jjty&J'^yicilU U^^\^J<U)^*)lOlC 1^-^J^.'i

VJjt^ (J^ojLJJUJJ

'IWAOS.

I^Ijji,,1^/L-,1 JI: „, ^ J^

'y'^*r*'.£erjJj'i;^j£zsjlft/*j&ijiiy'i i/jsi. /'d yis>d>iis_)&^ ,_/•-

^"y-iyiy^jiij"'- fats,

yj-'r^/y/J^J^'l^>!i^//lfi rJ{ SJ,L:,c'I

^cfilrfr^A/^3^ojljl' ^ l?

0J,0,^iJ^&' (ft'^'^y interleave '{JiJfjX)bt'i/Itfjis

^^iplJ^Lxri^j^rwrr

1 'j&iP/j I/^lv ''"op"^"1

*£..&j ^oi^'o 'W

jy ■iJijjj,eLAj IP ii iv^g ij

!*>(/'tfjAiir aUJ *12'

Vl/loj 'JUfjSfajJjll/

if 'Jj>\i£j&

A '^/t1 UQjtii ^_J>

-tfu^ - &/, 'M'sy^s, > i " l2>

'AfSOfifSw^h rs^y/^Yijj/jfo^ r m/S'yH^ OI/ltsw^VH^

'J±y>&titz^>Sy*rr\4 nqu Xd^sjXsjjzyjL ^so^/jy^c/i 1/

■ ^ "^r\w//>, 11

- j/^1

J fact

—&■ o^^'^Moy.'^ ^ /ja^A

^u»\<ijVl0y£/4if*Mkj\^l>yitJ>^/& lio^lA^ Ahlylj L ui^ Y' A/r01 'fjAjMybisJOjIvS

V^r/Y/

Al

1\ 4' r^jji

fay*—&/{} Lf^jjIlJojIjI K^'JO'^,Jfttr1il^ii/l UfeJjs'fi'fy'L*' l/ 'Jo IcC^J1 - 'yd

(j\,j

'^^/t 3 byd'^-^oyyt'

i -o/^ t^V-^ —^r1^-1 - <j OIlsjjis' -Jij^j.^^^ t/^Oo U>:

- jyz, ifXL

r'-iSg-yl ^ ^i/zJi/'t i^^UsvJ&J tiz1

lo/^/^iv. ^If^lfA^J'JS'Ci'fli&hiejtflPlJli^C) l

6^<y^ ail'

jJij'Vi -tSi-'lfid^■ if-A ^J/M/ifj?^ ^ yy« \j i tfiJr^r/Ji*/^ U/JJ

J/'C'1 ^ >^J^Ajl^ji>]'ZT-' mI iiyJ'^'A^

^ '^u^- ^l/1^ y*, y^r* &'' ^ ^ ^y^''^. &y A

Ift/ '^(/jL jf^U'V' ''"(Z dy^'f di-' r^iy'Oj-y ^

'^'"l&l/jt^'llft/fjt.Vj^i,/^!

- Uii -&''^*tfij[ijilSi^£/j(LC/6

'^ijj!^^, •^yfijhlOi'C/l

a, ^C'^^y/iif- ■ --jCM^I

/^■j/fjs^tj^ d4^,

\jj)^j^A>>jSjj>)-'> 1 ^ '''■^^ O^o&A^'^difi 01^ f»-»'; -t^^LCOJ^J ^ j^Avy'-^^do1 tf JCS)^

—^U^—^'yi $y C^£: al^*" .'Vty^LcCO'J*/-*^

^Wrj^^;

"jy# " blyJ-jL-/' o by^cCcrfs'

j>~S (j t/jisUA

"';.tsrJjSJ(/t/l ^jLc^I "JjlsjSl^jdi ll/i

: wf; ffrSCs^1

'0.^^04, 4

^■■^riiWjtPi/ii/

■2/>l/(/l>>£ if 2 .tzL^ts^jU t/'-fl>f

- (/(/Uv' l ^tLly ■'Jy^

^rXU* t: P'-ii/'i ^if^'-^/^'J^y^i/ *J/iS- ''^1 •* al?-

rriS^jAi^JpWte&^jhVy* aii'

AM

'Ol1^-1 ' I OJ^'/

- '-' "^V^y'^C ^ itf*" 1 (J fa/j T&/p b1 ■>

ojl^Cif^jTO^, L^0 u1-^- tfj ^ lJV!j^;jlJl}jy^o/^JiSt(/AL/4j^tU^lj^;&-f}

?/iij 'i/y //IHA^'/IV tyi/faz-i ]J>Ji>v^'£oirfj*3.(Sld01

Zy^i/i/1 uAv/wt^^i UJJ

' wJ't HAf^ ttuWVt U^V^ ^

rfi Vt^W-" ^rdi^'^i/d U>J 'Wl/'.

*' c/* ^i

J' '^"j^-tpi/^lLi Oi>i£y>i,

- fVar-v'^'

r'ii'i/'-^'j^4xi'e'jyi3,),tf-iu(^i;if) ^

j ^ k o^/)" "/*£

5"^

djJPtU^tfU^'Ui/ j^j-j^J.' ur^t \j(£u^J(pi/ti? ^ ^I^k.'I^^J J-

- VtfaJr ^ y . " J jyjc»l/i- GEDDES i/1

1 i^u^cCif^ wJ'^':z^:rJ/>{X-/ - \ijgfyt&jX>s^tj^J'

•£^\?j>j£4±^'*f'i/>\ \jjs(&^ lccS]j {^ '*'*

^\i\.^,jy\y'(j^J^jj^J'4)^.^>^'J-2: : jrJ-^^^/J>

a^ </■■ oix^h "yiyZ' <^1

& -OJJ

ojtji I tZ^jrClri tC, 0

0\Jto,/jjSJ^£j 0>'^\/jL\iJ.J\J))$/l - i^/ui>. 6^tV//

^7SoAiJtdsji 'ydo\sJy\r&i/^J*J£j3)^\}0is "

^i>) ' v' ' i.

i^t-f ljJ &*£,

^~*rJ/l/.<yV'o, iihpijkzSjj'^ ly^C /Ji, %£oiJiyS

: y^iy^/cfji/jpijCt

CCI(/i(/AS*-^& *})a

V

- o?wS/pj>!'l'l/''*-jf*r>^i>l> "i/'^jl

■ t^Cif «

i$i/oirtif5(/&iXo*f(/i/>i>LCd,J'i/^^(j^^^jth>iy,-/ i^'l»•* I lijbf^&^ayi "%. Kctft-zlfi tuffiZL^^si-^''!^J'jL/l &sl U ^hXjjjc^y^

fM - nrS *XL

^.jfa/l/tfoi-'/ (fi U'i/fJU; ^

10 J^lj '/Jjf 't/^-^ H" u-t5

-<^4/V^ if^^-o U$ 16^—{IJjw 1

^ (j t> IX-JL'L>lr/v-^-.'ii/ iJ^ili -^i) i'.*/>'tsK'\

:\> ,l/(>-y4>-'' i/ cl/U^>k c^f^>1 - ^yj&J'jy^ ifc)\j* t

tL- &SJS 'l)^&lu^^kL)pttjU rWiJjTs Y&& ^:/(S> \J sjpAU!>*O^A?l<S>\dj&ir

■ut&Utk-'oi > jt &if&>o^JLs^oy?t'(j/'l'J

MiXUS &fjjjeZrl>lt'j fM -'

^/#//ii'-&*r'~4a3 ^Lr-/tiJ:^jj'/l'>Xi

V'du* &{}/'/, J* -y ^ trj \jS

Sj&if

• jijd- tjf J'V y/J'3 ^ o 'J^iSPi3 C ts" J-jfO \f(jWd*4 'jr/^ vsj'jijz^oU byi/.y&S/y'kiA

41?"

jL^iSJLz'J&jijQ I - (^y-z^f-&Jif}3>j 'jO^ue^i. - ^ U;3 <j iy/j

tjy) i L-'J LJh>'3 y^y

^ ^^ 'c •■ y ^lC4^ jyvy■ y

y* yj ^ '^y 'y'y ^ ^j}j. "A Fascinating Muulana" O^ljy^

<L IfJA

'£~tjyfiU*i:J)>j\.Jk- ^C) I t^^i^i-if I i" (/

- ylyyyvyyyyy

^jA1-1< > "J 1 c " '^y^v' ^ riKy^>/:y^'y ^

ir

C\J

L' y; l^^VO/" ?. k^ tffj>\(j)/jfS '^J cfys&A-1 Uy- w/c/^ bJ^/'A^(jfJ/y *10^-(/*$ t/'

Oiyi \fCc'

- /

iS'&yyijy'

- )jy^y}> itf^oiii bXo x ifj[lyisjX*/' vji/'iiy" &\'>iii)^/£^yjjjiiy£'iyx(y/]S<',h>^' yi/'jic

a^'- j'^y^yy yj/(/i0^zy*ify biiisjXojyoyX(jcijly

a*i <z- ~y L^y l-> -£~0'iyj*JX'y£//yX}i jX U

^■l

9<>

y t lj%^ bjj/^l/s/^. ^

±/J> t \j_

>; Jyy LXJQ I LjlyrCl ^ yf < iJ L^1 /^ I >^J itaS^j Ijl'i 4 ''JueJjULL^/AJ*

j\

V^^-'L'6=r J^if/;

^j> tjQtyxzjJ/

\<SrC£//\,y'UJ tffy

\lf(S>^>0&lS^OKt^Zjti^iJB>^riSCJ<^/ftyt/

J)\Uj L'^^'^Jy^L^fL fo'^li/jycJ

J^^ji^lyS&Jfi lyfj ISS^JZ^ U^^l^li^LkijJ*'*U^tfjtf^£'4s5U^L^('i'^"^t££'

-^ /19 f (/' UJ U 1^ Jl^V j '-^ ^ ^(S'Jcfil^^vZ/^^OicfJhl

b-^v^f t y ^ Kj ^ofij^i/ ■az~ ^JPi^^—^^y-AjJi}, &^jyJ'i}/^i}\:j&-*£(flJ' o^/ttd

oy.^v^jjltfAJsS; i/jti/f^if&jj: lAjJot-^lfU/c &

'iff*z=-(/y-ifr(/Job^i/I-l/jrt ^tr^i^^J/^i; tyjiirf^/O' uAlsJ'} U' - 'U/oti^>*1<£/(y

>i'(fjiP><Z'

j](j£ (Si^LS ^i*

^ & <isy&& lL^'/ijy-^o t''A>^^/."

oj\Jj\^Q\j)\ 'oyS* hy"'" 'Jtj *(/. "-'>■" ^y^.^tSi 0-»

i U i y t xt'" ri9 fioy^yi/J^- & tyulwr-sPiM*" -xcyjU)>uftt^yt^^j\i'Z-'/i-*~-/i

>b'iJJ[ ZJ\

- is>M Vfi/iStf'fjJ/f ■ij£J>^/iir^/£^j/iji$J'fj>\&c/ i/.'h y - y x ^ L;^ i/-

iJy^- y^ -Jl^ t-'i—lp ^-jj^ajsojij o) Lj—1 J Lsjlgjj crjJ ^(f1^1 </-^>0.^ I'/'jjjy^^j^o - y ^

- J/

1 Ajbf*c>^'^ijLs^ijl,iz,& //n r-syti* *'^><jf^j^Afy^Jif'jt}ij>&lrjiuJi2.

■idjji^'tLiftj: OI^JZ-S

\js \^:/jis -J^ ^

/jir 2 ^ j lj(fjjhU>ji vi;*L^(/jl£JUys-^L£y'ij y»>js >^'^r> 0^

jL?y^f £"* -*=r-J;^lf ty U;

■^^y^-Zfij^/o)" ■Ji&(faLi!yJc^W^"o&'/d1*' yy>

ojit I K^l. ^jj^^JTO L ojj^a/f ^/Jjj**

4Jj

tZ/C* Jp* fasy^yLsJ^Lc ":^lAj~jfl^^U^j3Sij'\ J^1 ijr'jfo

^ ju>/

■ -/ . -A&

•• ^ jiyPis aii1'

- ' ^l,A'>J>lfbfaf&^IJ^ljj*irtf)liiyijuJliS op:

- i(ijy;oi*:-» z/^ui jf '"'is/. - fo/L£M$yM'&iS'C-li>'Z-u\!jioo>>-r

j-i-^dijiJ^'- tyC'r^LtiS'&dc/il/ij'jM- ■'

. ''S'S/z-S^JS'os ;j-?i-'^,'-j-ic'-/^

JJ.l/tlJ.'n/^'/^'f-d.'^ !iWM'£>iii"i>'' -l- '. 0„/Als^x("^J44J4s/"/^"/i --""^ ; jju>.

1^0y^^^'l^^UJ«a!:,l,l','i11^' r 'f"''^' "

- ^df^iS^yi ty-^rdu?

9ujLr^i •-^z

'' If1' -J,}>^Jj>v Cily^j:. u

ty'JbJjl>si£<J-tf o'-f IJ'ctd-|A

- L^

^.y^c/if ^ y,i jLy&isfijJj

.^^jy

CjCsis^

-i>>

JjJ)>/SlisjVp^a^zy^t 'J* & ihfspljJ'iSjh} j^J'ijl- y<L- L

^\- JlJsL Excessive - Libido

)?- y»iJ^jy\. -qPS t^J^UsO iZ/i I'

- oP^. ic x^y hyphyJ'oyZ^\jj}J^tf>&/*z:Xifl oj LC /"jW1

/"^ ^ - i/.Ji "cyijhjy - ^ ojift-'yyyiyiZsjifd"c^i/tTjJv^-o'i11^ -

*^MyySj^iit,>}/(S'A.^^^^oM •■ ( Jip^jpj_ 1 ^■'1A^ ^ 'i /--y^y LC a^-^-u^

^u, uT'iJ - ij i> c^'j. J

- VjfeeiJs'}^

O'-ijy.i/^-<+£/,&) ^/O^oj^

.fir . i

Yfr1 - frfL/(('»jL) "i&ijfrj'jja^jr

■s ■i^/t^u!iO>tfi»^'4^o>S>&}J

.^pi/i-^i~Lj-[i>\j^Zj,sz,h)IL£ll^ij/ZoyJ'Ls^'Ohdj

' kv^^i ry'ip^Ltd^'i/^

^J^yZr/l/^, ktf'', (f, ^ •> 1

-u/j lyb^i. ly c^jy^ ^ »f ^ ,-''=:' Jlyfr^r 9^/jjJ/j^iioJC ^

yLJ'u«\'/te 'Z

.KpC^n^Lh^-J 0)J)\&V^U^/Vaj

v ^jy-/hyjljj I V&iSly^. '(i

IJI siJ't/.^

Jit C if-j ■^sZ'/iiSMw ti CJ UtZjy* is

JJ<Lxrij)>ASJM>*Z!j wJ/ljiiiJjj>*.JtzrcZ'/, ■ i>/?^i->C> - '>j>\\i uitf >u^

■ ^ys^yui-sit tsfryZ) : U <(

(/vVCTU^

(J u (Jti-ts.cx'

of t JS-j bMr/tfJ ■ S^^>C/Ji? *y.ri»r>'friijrj& ^

Ja* tfSy^W-^LJrJp/Z L>-

^ u>L> ^-'^■'j'lSy^ iiusb Lfbij)}'

^Vf !< ^i^tJiJ/'uHlUj WjuJ' i'jJlfC>iJ'/isi/i(jjfl ^/J /AhJL ifij/Ct

-fii 'tJl 'td-jebtL^

t a^j^Jy) yt ■FOR GOD, CROWN & COUNTRY"

\j-j-d-^r\w-/i ^ y y» > YY- iy

£-^'^&ty'[i'»\iSJWi/,.l?lfy,,,/JiJiij:„WJ,\

~t£.. irXi

1 &S, *-r" [>^-p^» [fa." iy^/^lSj))" l^iJSijj'$\iCJjifi<£/\j»\ < l ^t/1 \o»>^irMit/&My'c>\/o/lc)\y?" '/

fi'SiWVyrfM&jystjjj at14

; JlZ^oi/tf&J-j^Z[/' -1^K^fl-

JVtH4

^ "-Jfjl °J3*£'-*^f^jJl^Jl ^^^'^oyj/iJjj 0)jiJ_^j\Y^ '(/y^-o^c/' it-' 03i

Ll>^/^t/ilf j

'^j'ycr'^yt^ fL/'W'tfyr'-r*

tjf lih at!1'

1-9

^jj^l^^l/yijS^c)\yj-ud-j&> w^^fcCOji&ws: if ^U/fy^'i/1 'Ol^^yhjL t/l 'Oi^C^JjO^c/'U^'Cy1'

^ 1'

f^/&iif'^'ijf^'(/!i*'(fy$utjJ^o/(s/,>Jisj{s4y - j_j2J(& 1

^Ji 1 Jijs&^jtfjjj/ojjfaj^. ij^/J1 ts1 ^O^'j/J1 ^ ^ifor^-.-'^UiJ—^/o/}^ cC ^^y/jy^r^z-^i/'J c*^'y^jho^tf^

■c^Xi/' "W- L /jSt

fUrj^

luPi'W*/?' ijy*sty *2'

I—Ix/W (fjfatiY-i

jL r\w(/y y 'u^it'jj "JyO)! "^H*1 't/oi^^y-O^Jf^^UAlXut

lj( ^ ^lu"

I iyj~/ZOh>cc£'d?y/^.u?iy>'~iy.iJ>

ityc yi jfa1

^ p^jfi - l^t ^4*^

^■dlf'2^ Iff/

^'ifc/.Vj&S;** ^ Vi^uM

irC^ &i>(Cii»

's*iZ..J 4.(-i .',1 Hi .1 . - - .r . . I v,, / _.^ ./»«

j-=< ^ ^ 5^/=^!, • ircil, ^ >y tri^vJli>!> ju^i

dui^''>rfA£''JJi?!7]e/iA^''^u?o/ay'''}'Zr ^^r!y'y~0^~-'j'-'J^*~J->y:*yo>,^'-ijs:r£uiP — ^l^

-FRIEND OF ISLAM" ^ "(JANDHIJI — HIS LIFE & WORK"

rn-riiy/nris,vi J5 i-i-.t/ ti/ ^t»

|1K

"Islam & Siiiyagralu,"

"Islam not only encourages & supports Salyagraha but is satyagraha in essence. Islam & satyagraha are ' almost interchangeable terms"

"Tlie Quran .strongly supports Ibis and promises certain victory to those who forbear, however powerful their persecutors."

<£Z~0\

^ydL/'&yJis <&* yytifiiW'jy <yy

\6* «x-r1

^ -yd\i/>'>','''0J-Tf-J^r'-J''*£^0^/'"ur

JOhiJ&Y^. [jcS 'teyi^CilytfalfatfjCiy • ^J(l/&4yy-b>tyyijX!l)/*!^o<-&>Pl^iiy

Myi&/*%''i'iii'rbyi^jlij,[s,Pifis^Yteu'_y,J5fy -^-<V^('HV^)

I'fy'lJ'Uifj "(jfcK^i^'" ^ '""V'tf-v' >£^',

Ill"

dtJl

o /tf'd'y' Cliy

tl/jf/'wySj■tsr&y. Oj^i/.

^^j\j>^/(jipy\ J\^^L ■; tf/Uf- (^•-fljyl >1% \(f^)>o>te-ji£^

iiS£:0't'^.*jW^^(K/'^y'ty-*rl''/JlJ>

y y? - ^ MJJ'-"iiJ?y/iS4/

iiitjiJ i lAiJ^i. fe;

jjij^ i1 ^-j-.^/jj^o v '■

faoMi-yy^ ^■r/f^ir-y?

■ftfytf usifcii'Y' r ^i/^^i/oA/Zoj^-dfiJ^/^oi^e^ 0 •' -^ ^ J J1 '//'JfJ^ ■j^'ij^Jii^,/j*

L/I^^'\ryicri/ru^ji!,^^ m *(

■ffi'Z'.&j!) < Jjyi ^ b&yfjdjjislj xs^z.^Q^'

j I k-{'y *6'* y >/*'!.'" *JiLtjW,rC£*tizJbic'tjjutjLj'i..^' j\ <

rtf'MY''i,^f'k^J,^'ciWd*A,>4'£&^ tX-*1

"iiJI

/^jy ■''^y^ytiy/fth\*T'(^$ ' y

yiyj\^j^:iJ-.Oy'iy'j\'yIy.j>^^yfy^'->u.'-''- y?jjyy^.-

-yyScj'yyy yyjjljjLjrcil^W - Y 1 /^ iX

i i/i ''Wijp'iy*' «-^''1' Y-ia^ yyM ^ ^

^/frfywi-as^/yi^tJ-iMi «i. in**

j^>'ls'.J'C/^'Au4'4l -

^y^/'ihX

-CH

j^l'tflj'dy^-i}'fa&iS&fa^,:itjZ,,,rai£jsis/,

&/./-oj *sL*£*L ^ 0 ^ '^(yW U U' - Ji^J'^tS-1 Q ' J> V CA^cCO ^"^-O' -'^0 ^

- '> i ljJi)ijy,> j'J> rfA-^- us- us^j^ ^jy^yS-^. 'JiCT1'

y/jjJzj1 ^ i> i)j)\i/ ■ i/^&cJyft LSJ- £ jAi^'-z^y/

iCi/YM'&'J irji/^'^iJif^" Jy1'

^U>\. y.jtfL/tfij^1 -Xa^»; tJ.j'\^*zrj£tf>\Aj\jj\ CiJy'

T<^ ^- ^>- tp/ojj^ j/ji/Jljl"

sjZJ&zL; -Jlj^.tZ- tsvJ^ itfjti/tZfjJ

U/'U'U {f^isy/'^jj^'y^(y, - ^j^jy^yjj yy-^yi J^/'i^X/'y Jy ty^d'pj^^.} (f(/y fj^r^r*-JLj^/cv

(Si1 o'l/ji jy, t;^/t j/ f^i Lritfi

^ ?J^lx ij^isjj&usCuy MiytfojiAfftyiPhps

-V& r^'c/'^v' ^

IK*

".. - - Jl^ ■${$> t Lu^f Uiu^ b'lJy*^i/il^^if^ —i'/^&J'JW' IK'/>y*!?%>//>

Ai&Aob \ALj~\l&\:y\^\/4j,\tis/>z

oA'- A AtfJ cii/OQ", v^sf-j ^IA- i^yy^ \joifJ~

'^: ^ ti/zfy y—'^yJyA'^A-sA'jAj^A^o ^ijfjcj/

s^J!(J,\4jf^iCiiyj^^is^coJ,l)l/

AA1 ^/fii^' Aj \j/-»^^y^[^jyI'i—fjy_A}'j'.o>>^AjyJI

si is isbi \r//u tf*h U I (yy Iu

03 \jjj)\^'3\jijj\j3*Aj\ij>\ i yAt li/ •. (Ayj/ijuCAAysrb'oyy^Mji'As' hio/'i/tAhyis

ui'r^^jA^^''d,Aj,jjA'(/'jh lAjjst'tS'j'AA

tJJXH/ 'SA>- '-s^-^OA'A ^ & JLAA <& "-;u< J/ \?j(j v'M^oP

f \J < (iS^ i)\y'i&ijf3&iz~jfUUsi'i)s aif

r-i/' A.Y^y\ - tfj3yi (ool'lj^/ii/^s ^

Ifl

^ jjJ* 1 j rfjbiii )A;

^Jy>cCP

o^Jlfrf/jJ^jt-j bfy^iJut'h

l5 UfOi>MyjiMiCi)/- (pifitfcClify'^oJiuP iiiS^cfji^ifdJ-l/d ^/.jXJP'Pp/.j^/^iS.

•>&'- LZty^i/r^CJiaiV i A"—

^Jj^yJ^D\Pj}^0\(jCP y>iis^io^1 hy^jip & '<}/

ovjtsy^Jj^j^^>j\'JLij3'\jy *£~^yjy iy

•i\j[is>\ /)■"'}'■/> ^ pvyiriu+ifyyjiy(/3u^^uus(ryJjj))i; d/A

I t oUlrT) w^ f//'

■<*l-'^y&: fJjj.Jr'^i jfyjyyjy osofyi

^ - - -'=W^^c^y>c^yi(^^yy>}/'^/\j, uj

U-' ^fj^fi^' 'fy'&ifyjjMS " >Ji *--■> ^iJ^Jx ti/jj)»-jf'yjy^ys'.iJjcjjJ^yyjy

ysJ-Cii/i iyJ(A$J'y&LJiijj cn/^^ - Ay^jyi _i y^yiyi /£, hj"

a- .^fy^yyy.£. 's4r *—. oy^yjy ^yCo&yoysti>,

/<r i/f" ^ol^yyO'3 k-(f3k LujsUUS "js^ UMyJoi/oi&L (^Usjtfj '':jyl^/yy^}jj^ijAiji) -yyoMcj^y.y c wjoj/^i j/-

ylj0t&l^jtzA<r-*jslJUsCl)y' <&* 46jP(/Jl/)lL/>,jslJUSj*il£ a£^'

itr*

y i'./^ff.j V//14 ^ <J "eL-J^fJ^-^U L ^-'Alifjii'jiy/i/i'iJJ'ifj'iS'''

tyijfjytfycii/'^y/uyjiiij^ij/^LJtjjiyy&jjiytftuxCu/

^ -.^.y^rh^y-^. Vj-y^Jy '/tsyy Zs/y

y.yt( *'' y. ^-Zy* hyJL/y//) -tiiyy iy ufyjiXji-JLy/jibi ^ 'jy y^tj/ ^ ^yd hjydyy&jy i jjijjji j isgL^is' (/y^y'" I-.-I^C^ "^yj"

y iojpi'jiikJr'/J'&ifo/oiZjfi tf, ezyjyy

f<j>L ftj&i is^fdy-dy1 {"^yyd- ^ ^ f K,/' /I Uftfj#; CI {yJ)JiJj3jJ> dd

foji r'uiAin^fJ^i-^yiodij &

ire

£ ifjei. /^. .... ue(^fj>j>\$ <sCo\~-~f£.y l\jy»

i? bju ^,2-1/1 j^z/Ci)//^^ ^0Jj>\ij'>Cti/frJtiSh3\(?faffi,JiZ'0jXtjtf^c -(/l$\S(f)Jj ^pfayi'jLJLy{*ijyjs\ >;>&^yyyK-Z/)fdo&(y{eyj>/'£ij >fJ»j'jk \j>i>3^iy,

y^yjy* lyiyy&Lyr*' <zjjLrl/-^^ LSv^lhsOl# ^~^'/u(y)yL/laS^j>M (f

<=~>/>y>}>'y ly ^ i y^zyyy&ytyy*y

<yy^ u^yyA' yy^yjL "yy

fi. is r 'Zj/cctfyf j/ rf l/iCC-^1'W,W '■*?;&*1 "J> "^y' 'M*ftfji?,c'-Woy ^6

Iffi

*<£-. ^JJA&£A t ■ 1/vtfrA

J**- , - / ^ - U^l & if \j>J^ ''(f.(Jj»'^^j\*di$01 —^ ^ to^ylSfl J»U«(/l^l"i^y f'j'duAi/t 1 ^ Aj?*— jio^A3 >hJOr^c/'l/oi-J

sUt^/ I^.yj u ;UUS M/ifjijd&t

k> t ^ AAt/A J&s 0^ '/A'33'

1 -i-j Jy*Ly J-Z/i vlssfaiJiijii I^/IZCJ ' ^'Jjjj lyS; \jiJ>Zy t' J V'ZZ-'Z A//,». ■ iA

1"ZJZZ- n-i'S'cfcA <&

r'f^Z'iZA'/i1 Mif/i'UA <&

- i/-^.v(/'Jl'jJy -

^ '-<^z£jjCi}j\J\ fJljjL/^J_J.^1

S?>-4j\/>*Cs; } 11;} - <£~. ii^yijt^~

i/jyf > tei/oW/tf/} '/t^ ti)J-//y» ^'W/jr^aZs

^ ^o^A^3' >> ^e>I> A^A u

> 11/> i/jJyJbtfOji

AI/AAA i^ifa i ^AjyAA 0 \Mj c^jyu^AA

A-^03-

it-A "■ A ' AjAJ (fisy.^-A/) f^i/(i^AAAcAAA/3 A4' >

lar-MijtyjjyvjzyJ^U ^

■ ^—S?0I - JL>J$y.'}dj >^^03j\'/3*z^3fa\?p/yj)\

i\J 'iJvtj

Jr^L/Jjj?^ a \/y^ "j/>\y) j^jji^cL./J^

fey}. ^//> iS^iS^^yijt^.j'^iJ)&&/*/' cfS 'jjitfy "t jt zdetJ-S

tfjfyjj~ tf^/'u ^Ujji o 1%^ i.^>3 i y{{»>■)•&*

WJ dy^r <£"i YYjimstujyaMjsqj^ <&

V&t J 'JjlJf'Jlrjr&i yt

"i^-^^^'-V- JVA^A'J/jl>

•- cA; 'Aj:^'.

<3^" 9 '/'-<

ji.^j,^^jij,vy^'A\^jj.'uCiy>^is>V'j'-"-'J'-^i''/' ji'\ J&lw l' KX'

•&' fofjUii/'iiA'i}/

^')/v>"y-^- & ^ tf-iiwJ-d

^tiy, •;'

m

i/.c

cji (frj "(/^ "/r^'i/v.1*/1

i\J{\:

^-O'/j^j-Jb ■fo/lW/i\jyf^f -tdi "> i/i/'v

& y^eyj'cJj/, t■?'*-'/;, .^if;./^ tyyy

tc^'j y' - ■ -trJ^i i'&j

oju-" ^Jyj^ije'ijc^if.'^ ^Mj'^y^j'

U-^ti/JfLtZiLyf JJ' :■ i{vtyjf&jy ^

r-

U it A iPii/J U) ; Ll u i oj uj1

^^>±y^tio"irtyid!'iy:d!'-z-/''£'ist'.i>'is jj i "-vj ' uo' j ' J C/.- jo' i' ^ ^ ^

o) '-w^-

UM. A) ^ y 14

W.sS.Aj-JLAJOA

^ i^y/y-i-1 - uXo^. k^Jt/rWhsAi, i»ji}fi/o4'('1^'

•.yJisiyjAI}L>>. ijs iAjis- *£y

Ifl

I lJj{^ "

. 0 'focJA/^^c^Ujiib-J-tfy^Cs/yj't^j, t WviJl"

^'■(/ylij&'&>j/tf/f(/tft£rjL'j.

■6VI iJ:i-4'"*4r-» '£J'/rW6?Otyt^,jj,/jvJji

l/^l^b.jlJl/tJ^j^JvMej,: '(p'^J)!))!^/^ 'Wfyr'A 414 ^^pltfjpyjjjUr. yjbej, Oj^falySutyJOr dip-PK Ugjtnwr'jji nqfi&ji

^/)i>sp/j>=: ^^o>j^(r/jJM'i} cjy <-s-isj^^ip:£? cwJ'Woid^y &

&

r^i/'gy &

a—- iOfl&i-'j'lfj^Ji'*:T&^

AH-HNDldTIS

„ -, /- fAf

1 ■ 'i^^^jt/Zji^ f

-rrt/' (/ttf^^dc)^ "J,;

i^J tyyi ^■^/■'^r-'^tffo', &/> &) h

- l/j^—^'-^ZiJJ/ ^i^b^o^/t3 o^) l/ft btXcSjjjfa ZliiilaZSMiAffjjJ, Yf l£/[Z'l£d~ijy-'lj6

Jy^v \ l/^rh'^

yjitfjJy 'y^y-JJy^a^ ^^u^^'cC'yV

^■j"&*>•?& £? (Vi ty^U) ^ t-(/ < JjlJfj^pt p- jy

Kr^t/'c^v' ^

wr

IS. <J1 - 1 -r^ ij/^J-( vj

jiiw&h '/-^1

tJ.jJ'J, "tsz-ofy?^^ k - tP t \»)jsyjjt"Oy^*~? *L,tf>U;>Cl)/ '(f jy/cJ,"

MjJ-oy^oA /{jy>d>\tSjU'od

y£j)\ ^jjj) Jf fCi ^ f I ■• by^t

^'; H^U-1 iX ^7 t^U V'fii-'f Ljjj >^y ^

it/' nii^yrS'^J^ o^1

r\**Yy'J-(j"j(0->^)'yilfil'-yl ^

1

\fc>

'* f'tjjj i ij^/J- hMiOy

i' ir - 0/ /j*?. y^ip

ig?"•

W. - • • , y •, '

. h'/j^WtfyArtJrlHn

tr

Y'j 'y, cy^JfCJ^r/yi'J'*>y<ylf/i:tlJJJjl -*r

,jud-^>^j:

-^y!y wjyy.'^r^y c/Mri ^ '^'' - *r- -Of.

j/^^-^/>^j^'^L/'^rj//i/-^^l'|A,-f'Jl^^^-

: ^ ^r-'^ ^ u' ■'

..J'j&J.m au/y <4- W/ J*D'i£jy?Ji*r*>^/- 't"-yVal4 "

ifi

Ji) iji

jl iS>t4(f.^J> ^^•''c^0^•!fkS>tfJ1>iSjy]i/.'/

U^J l/l Vi&G^J l&fsj,,

- i ojhl. JLy^4—^ -jM

-4-^2. j>ju>f t/Uip' u- 4j>4-'4r''£: 44^4. ^y*311: ^ My£j

if 4 '4 ^ifj^^fy^333

4'ijJ' ^4^\0h^/i' <£.*;. ^^LSy'^^'^^oh' J *?y O-Aifv \ 4<£■ 4^xC & ^ o^y^ \4*L

'^jyf/!0-' - ^--^H

^ (/jyyJo^-yo^^3

WY-f^fitf.^ Ilf 'lit* jtJlSjyf'c/J UJ>MO.USJJ&J4'&l3&tfS'*=Z-JLftl' &?

U-lf

ifA

J'Jy li/vJ^o-^/O'^i 1/1 - \>^//^Jiyiiit^-is'X^lS^c)>tfl^j'u^irj,J.l/i)

u-j'; ^ J \j^.A.^L^,yj-J, Li/Ld-jwitiy^y,

-'m ■'ffKs'.v

yyMytfif*yCS''y»j>uylJtyjylil'iyyyiyt£l&jr£.^lfC£. ^ifaySy^j.jyfao^/jiiJyyiii'y'jfi'/' '^cxy

rwj.yyji? JJ." ^ S iAi\iJPi&lg-- MLtUS Ci/y ^

0 „A ■• "- <£-';:/&0, f/j i

•^/o ^■"'^■o£-)o)» "> >/*>}%&jys/&Yl&''i*

If &r/J:

'lf^0ll£uiJ^^rH*O&iAJiifWtOp/,'» i.>'yi^',J')

'i. M&0)yf'i(je()t£&L£oj^J>

^ ^^/.■■^/•^•^}/lo}£zriY■Wc/' - d,~&ijY-^^l/-Z,f/Z^^jJi.^/jY/,/

flfir\WiSjXyVLs+\o:,jt~j*! &

I(V-

. jrJ' i -jtZf L" i ' _j,'i/oj{i (J^J", ^'^rii-JAjy^i^e'^J

i^l'U JLJ-J

^ J-j&>\j3 l^l/j'jjArt

'.jijJjLs^/A

"d*0 'U /lit* ►/5'-'l'/w ' ''•^^

Hit/(^>r^l^-i'i4 'C-'1

itfyi izs^jsjcsitr—jsMiofbiis •£'r

ICI

-■ctJS'Z- (f^y ^"^r1

- d&'siru 'tjtlS/. ^-tj/b JJJ Ua>J3 O^JMJ'U/ >

nm

(Jy>/ jju yi & y ^

*£■* . • - • (—-

j^yy^^yii yo if* r,/^

/IU<

)|V "'d:^ ^ 19 • y^Myu/^A' *£'"

A^ i y *&*

^'aj^-^^i/i/j.1/ {J: i^j> tils - cCi/t i/j'vyJyJ^jjjir^ioMiti^jjj^ic/jiiJtj

hiV »c'

't

^^'>'bi ^^Ji.^jjj^'

-

j3*1 i^'-^icfAf-4 y.

j t v'jLjjIs'jj) ^Jji)>il^jy^^jbi/^iyj2?^ y.^jijij^

fa^j'^/^Uj'J^>fiJ)J\^} </)

/£■ o iyyjrtytfffoii b/j**>&-<—£ ^'\#j(Jjs^ty'Jj(*'

/>/} hit rUZi^i^oj . ^

• ' ' '— —> ~ !)(/ "TIIK LITKKAKV CKITICS" i^

If'p'

-Explore cX- c> ^yy\

\jJ»?>*£

- '> L J oj jt^^yjjj-.. j i fr}^y,jj-yj\/^j\i tfjyjjj?

hyxsp > t/k^ i -jpy.yjLijyyj&yvp

c.ezXh^yy L^'l Jl^lrliJ ^si^jQ^j iJ^Xj1

Ji^yh ^.0, yj^CJ X>s o) - yyyy)yjy£o>*J^y$

-^>Jl/i' Jjj*JJOJ <'Zr(/f>j?Jij Iwy *y 'i£'jy<ij Xifv- ^-w-y* i/^i; yy -yyo^ c u^ ty *=- ^yyyy^yy^y/x^yis^y^ 1 vyty Jii^^jy^yjj'^yyyoy^yt-^yxpy

j. wy^- ^~- i>^/oyxyyt/y;^''oyy'Xi- ^ i cj < A^yy ■. is^y* *x

iS^cC^lf^-^rU^irO^^'^oh' ^V5"

■j.^ ifc/'*,^3,J']

- ^ ty ^'y/^i/jjJy'^^'cJ^ 2s)c*yZji\j^Sijo y^iy^.d* ^if^^i/1^-'11^ ^

jy^dyisij^yy/.y^'^r^'y

Ji^yty ejy tf^'"iSi J t

wat/s^Uu&'ijjysijt *£

iCH 4^" -ci JI

Uuf liix> i'J

/^ i> ^ (/ (Sj^ A-^^yy) ^\p_\iZs}S/ ■^SjjJj Uk^-Vc) 'c'.

3^cji^j^iji^^jfy^y^\y-jj>'jj,ji

i/jA-i) ^y/y^. i/^jyjjyo ^A\j 3 )h oyy-z/y' - 1 ^ y^y^yyA Jijij-^'j^oy^ y^y*u^-^-ALyj'oc-'by^yjsxj j

' (/y/aj/ U-4.

Jroi>jLsj>t&ii>Jls/^itf\.^^^/LSjjjic/c/u'jyj-

^v^JT J>^7 ^J-^' 1! ^-Jj:j^j'. \\-uJ''-j&ijj2:',i»ic}'ylj* £

cj*!-" " 1 jUfc^A A

^^^Cf%J,] /£'iJi^yX4^jitfjJ>^\y&J&'Csj[jii\ h &QifJaiJ^(ff<i~>,jifJ'(- 'y-^ o^-"^

u ^ Lfj/jLi f\/jt/2i ^

tV-_-^(>l/^J^'^ri/i^ifo^tf^/j-/- si jUL-Jl^,il--^5/J^/JUl(^'>^'-',/^/' Oj^-^ur

JU-LLZ lAzz-tfji'g, ii/lj'^J^J'L~^uf> ^l^'<i/'^*{fliu/d'M^6&if.0^^0\Ji.

t* ^ 1 !>>1 l^/j I G1 OAA^. JIX^, s_ "o^/f/jJj "ny a.

■

>\Ss.*sJy^o*J'.^J^''J^^lr^'3' X'

j^lJ'&V'A' "^'i- thf-McCilfi

Ki'.n.i..uL/'^'l--'j;"Jl*',tf'>*'i<''' ^

irtt

«t-« "^ti ^ufcfb'tffv li/yf - **--& ^i) \ili£i-Jj ^ifl^OK M 0 /-JI ILSy^jJcil^^lsjl /{jhfj jJjjtfS&t-Jjy^CJ1 - L&^lJji^yLjf^Uts

^if ^--^1/1^1 ■sSrtffLZf'CJ/jf /tf j1^ i - ^

'jMxvu/,

*£■0 l^ly '£?Wei' l^iKj^^i-tfW-j/ 6j!'J'Ij'J y f"uj Ly^y^ji^uX^juv

UsO&'Q/ "■• Jifd^/^y/i tf&Jyo&h)\tf/&'jy£,\/\ J\ cC'/l{/?xlifc^/& fey

Ct^!}W^4:J>dtf/&J\JJliJ\. ^ yy t^y t^yi^i/1 uUyjjljZ udcils

'i/d0-' ir^yUxif

14*

^J ^ 'J ^ l 1 - J-.J^Xii^.rT ^ '^/

,!> i vWi^i/5/1 - '£-2-<:'',.J>Ji/-if'-4/' • >i ^l/L^y^uisi. _^u'k_-'V"jy^-

jr.... ^U'J; liaS^ai MkjKtHf^SU:0 SjuitfaOi}

faf&tyi'i i iJo!

g}^y.' '*uj-

If

^ 'Jl Ji . S.s'jJ-^ Jti' y iJ "y&)'^' ^ -yU'"

CtLAVlOl C£jiJ\Wj*/

P? *) yd'/^rif/'^^'i-P, tfi/'

liJ'iSij'Pii'^\j_/

(S/&vJJ^fUllJ/Pjr(£jiPJJi('U>ij,l

if. XZ/J>lJh\>Xo>j~f><X.hr' JJK

-tfJ}j\>?<i.I \jX^/ijXcioXs>J^y'^-

ijjy^j)j\

Q'O^iy/f'X gpj ijjY; t^i. is^ (jp^ at w-vji'S

Y^if" XjlXjPj)j\"^Cf/XcJlX£-> ali- !>•*!/< f)>jf"<y&!t^i>b/" S

I if-

J^s^^OO^.'ji

^Ji J^oUf- tVc^o^ ^"-^'-V'

)U> hu' cv_i? I nJ* lj /^ ^y^^-j^l/l/c^ L? i/ij^J

<ft'&&>/'

(Si/ i£ij/jS3 < ^U^-./ ^fX^iS* Uyvf^c f/

' -c/.^ f

- ?}&/(}3^'(j^^al^31

Jl 0'J- - LoCi^^/J^l}-/i/t'>3j3\(j/^/j^:

(/^oy^1

1 r'i/' ;t4 ('! V"* -'H f!)>^J '"" 'r^' 1 ^

\t,t

t j ^ ^ ^1 ^ ^iS-^'^-01

i} *£■•> iJJ&tftyii^jJ Uj>' If l' If/ ^ '>/'«: "-.Jtjd-JL o ^ c'

-ty ^d/^cff"V/ti

S>I "/<£-■<>IfitZ-

' ^-J3jy

~,j> ^if k "-^ hk

i 'Vjky'vA <& ^ t/ ",-^ ^i" ^

IA(V

J t/ IT"J\>3j^/j^j/3)\

•£i-J tu Ji,*^(p>-f''-(_^v'(y 1/ ^ I l-S^/" ^tf^^y'^Co'-J &

- Jh&M/*^ 2/i/-'■''J/1- ^bSjy'iSi/^^ f ^ V'cJj** 1 ^/(J_-> i»} ](SViJ ^1

^('jHVt^"-^/5'

^Si' /i)U

" '^' i> yu' «/>" vissiilfsyi ^IP/J Lu oj-^jS/S {^y vUS^i/o i

-«=u J i/ly \7j>\J&J^L' 1 -

^fl/IftsCjDjiP^6utJjAj IJU t/j1 -^r J ^-%4 J1-^ I ■^J?/'

Idd

isi '•jzt

l/I>- u

^"JlJ^O^^'^J>y^{/Jhil^U^^.

rfwJc/i VOUJI A. ^u»i^if^L>Ljs'^L fyj^£h^\/ifj:;;jilr;>i^ji//' .^.'jl} Qfrff fa i^y. <iftfai&u>t$iis L/

Ccty^OU..\?(S^ 'A/''*z~J?<£~-\J if p i

ijf(^^j'\ji^)yAA^.Jj\j^\s^ [?<£. Jl^y o 1- } .J*-J Isj iff/1 Ji

u>?uv -=i- Ajy"/j ijf^ols-«^_ J If^

f^i L/ijsiiUfCiiy -yAtfi-i/yAiS/do Ujssjt) o'y^OiAh '^j tr

l^r^j/j^y^i/-^ -*=7- ^7^iT^d & i^LJ^Udu^yfj

^J^lZ-L^O '/^UJyy]

>?)($) dd 'xy^is-^y^-^.1 JL^- UIS-

^CdjJ^'d fSyd'c/'Ol

^ - c/i,-^/) ^ CsH^'i/"^1" '>-- .fi^"/jL^ili2s"^&'ijJJjJl 1 ^/fu^-Cdy0)j/<d;:J^iSJ& ^^4*5/iiif*"'i^"1 - <^xfyy

jjy: ^ wtdw)"yyj^Lr?*if>,J 1 "'^^'■^'-r^^1^'1^' ^

^c(/M/-^^ij^\tf(jJ>^>'iyisj£,'il)'iSLViij!/

id

lit

-Z~ ^.'oj^^ulj/ Jjt *<£//?

'-^r^y^lj^i oai^' &JJ/'&I40 i^iJ- ^Jj^/j^-J^Jj>pbi^i tJi Ji/&i&Ji-'^Jjfc^^flJ>&J3%lJ>&^t&J>t&- ■cr

c^jy lyy^j^/^Jbotfjj/Z- os, ['^ti-pbcCuP "/OA

"! pdU/*' rfy^ohtypS

li/kj^^A/A^O A \JJf\Jj/jSp:^3A ^jj i >?■ JL 2±> I>I ^!MjjiJ^{i^jA((f}Aj^JdiXzrityj'rSdfis/ji, [,

J, 1

jJ'J ^ Loljltl'Sv Ofj) vL^} 'Vol-L/t ut Ji'obsjat-jij&J^ ly/iPhji)^ '//vcji-'Jy.ii /

/^O )^) \J»i. ^ tjHWtlisJj'&cjlM'Jil aI"

lSj&fyfij}\lJj&S&>^0^^^^y^-2~J/J?JP+>/J'l/.'-=z~ L ^^.Jt-'I'oJu' l lfj>>' '0^L J

- ^^ri/y-1^J jOu y? i<3y

^r/i'i«(vc; ''^4 iri/sJ.

l/"/^l& JlAA* l^f-''jtlAjijb 1 0 i/'&ct&'Jii y 'yjif/JiiJi "y!yys>> -'V J Li-" ^ Oij) 'A s

I Ayj'yf/'' JyJjU, -^kifoj" 01/) &S(f1 tj) ^ yA ('W<5^ yAljy/'k A/> JJ i jftrffyy faj &&> iJ3ti (jj&J iz-cj^/bj \/.] Ji t yte/(,Ji>z/Ji?']» k tf&yy

^/>oy/ ■&/£tf'iwr'J

'tfylOl/ri''^Oy/^Acci-'iI/^ t 'A i&Jjy'i IjljLril/h l,yA Oibtfi^nJ0*) "MtL&i fysd^Ui3*-'1' /lJ 'A

144

i /ii'JiPb V/: ^ e^cd>

^ *(fji Oi/ri'^o'/tf^if^'i/tf* i bfa'sWft B^>^\/j,<oJ> m(V '-j^f<lr"M&il QI ''^Cf(/x&(fJ>'lfjti.jjejbfjjlfij,

\Xi^o i 1 3^1 oy.1 op^jfepi ji^ (. o\y*£tfji I i^up'sAS 4iA' i^Jy

- J tihiitfu tj£-j}\J,j\j. iyje>f&3» tjlffrfai

irZatwdt/<(/f^c/2^'ify'iut;j'i>c/.

facfo^/icijiUj ijjicfi co&i j-c*-

"/o\ yi/[/i-^y&&^(tyyy&jA9'y^\s\joy\s\Stf_cas'j~^

w-

yWir^r&ifyfC

&0UjiJj"- U>C**L-/'~;^lj'

1/$ ' 1 "ucf- bJ^tf'/ij^-X

/'wi-&iz-£ij?j'.i.'*^i/''"k>-*-tifjfos.>l/'^-'ot''s ,ji&j&j!!(C^it>ji&0.iju?is)/

tCtbcir-Jj*//, ij^xi'

^'JJ

■^lu:&yijiit>ii£,'/i^j*l/tu^i/l'i--*i-^-^j

t-i/'yyJr <£ uty^yy *!i

(HI

^•^ii^^-^Lfi"J'c> i'- ^ viCiyi^ijiis ■eZ~- LPL/OJU l

uCisji

JOi/joby^/^-ifi^} 1/ -C&JJJSJ: b/JLpiS

- ^:j

[iJ}x>Oiz.££,/*S.3\>'\)j t> \/j\/lpJO>Jr}£z^j/j'\/l£p\Ja>>

JV/60W.^O^O^J &y^J -JUt//* J'lj* •Jjysbj/J-jdoy^

■■jM

y^jui J oj t f

iyf

<>&■• JtjJ--^/<J~/oj\j>l

l\d

>^ic£y (QJLi/l'^/?^£*>P'lJ&I'lS/iSViZZ-'ZAf'ify^O^^J/^"

" !((/ < jJufJy af il(/' ri^j.^t^Y^"' ^

A f1"- -* •

&E?^^i£&*'ioi<!j'«uCx/^itt*i •JL, ifi'iiyc/rifi. &AA-'J)CI\ ■■

o/jf^^^'y.^.'"'1 y l'j ^ ^1 ^^r- &". fJUrfyJ'jtfOi J< (Usi?Vj*'^

x"fj& '^ovtC ''-rfj' ^''j^ py "^-^ji^'is/" ^^4&&jyM>aOiJ^j£:^*.>*.)y

*oi-' ^

s . ^J^y/'-^r'^-h

v/pAffA^j.^j^py^iit'y&ywdy^'y' 1 ^ ■-' &?.>& it^'j^-V^-^-

t-^,/ ^(J//- at4 f.yX'III.J.^ yw ^

0^SP^iiJ^J'&iili*'cii-i£-tji'^i:i/if/}jl/ly>tii

-J1 •^- ij*& ^ t_y

ejZ&'&jl ^>'^1"

I^K 'y«^\riC&Vov.?drJi^-^>£'$fWiX^ eg

^'0&^jJijf^Zr^*C'ijYtJ-/j'Mi/:>j)k}?tjij'i

iic/Mi-d/j^'/ci' ^

^ 'ialj'jy l(/fI'tfyif^/lS*"vj ;)\^3^j^s^^y^^'(^'iiif^>'}JJs'>jd^d/^OsX ^

. -JiJ^X^icf^j/'-^r t^'cf-i (^L/'"-* J/ ^ U/dkAi)^^

A-V ^ YJ'rWWyrf-'/CH' o^

^4£^jp%jW//fs>bxi/<^\^iJry'fa>»J''^

ctfirw y^L/>' — ^?*& t M/t/-"1

LzJjxzfyjJlJYlPI

uiz- cilj-U

■Z-o^Ji/. U^.jw

.yf&i ■

^>&Qj.y&s^xic)i#jy,y'.£&ij\yi*i.cijsj_f_ic/jl

yyyy^oy^yy1/j■yjyyy "j^

Yyyyti&'ifayfiyi ■

W'dSiAjV.t oK1 .c-vuv^/f'-e-

WA

WM(V W '/v1 "•£& '»-/i-0 JliwIus^UlJut

^'X^'i-/^^j''^oi&'iS:'v'J>i*~-stjy>>'feJ&is'Q'&'

o ^ '~*S'

<LXtfX\jX/tJioX\j_ij'X'yyjAA'jMj.~-^iJ'j'J'i</i ny. <XY

\sq

' iro^ydyjj^j&y&A \^Jj y/fz^y j^'

ci '-i ^y^-3 ^t? - ^ ^L/ j>yyo3j'ij{^j*^yy^&uyv^ji.'jpo i "-^y/tfy ^yy^yy/ouisU^y^^ tj&i: ry^ s /yy^'i$}»j>\ji*^(swji\tfji^z^'j.i±,j\ly'jytj\jQj'rt

/JAT/JC) j v «=i (j t^. ^'1,1 ^ ^,Ji

Jt>fcrJlS^Jl^.^-£^jSyilU\@,j4^£y&j,\. 'y?/tfjiJi,jrsl£0!f'is@*(u

M J-JZ"'3S&*£'/i''. uj >f >yf\

^^'ypyyo^jj} (/:\J)jj}y.J^ \js KjHnii'ySjyyvr I?

u-

otyj. ion 1 - ^ jfifi/i/j)/^ Cto^/* i /aasij^c/L y

; ^c/lp^. LStTi^y/^j, ■<*u&'} J^Jgoj.jsft "

tftiJ-O'/t' >da?V&)(/U I ftcPdJ'0J^

- J,jL\>^J~ i) i J &0[<£ i/*L : 0 tyftJ&Vtf.

iy/ ij - ^ft/tjj I^J-^I^ Vj&'c >J

udJ/^d*-jdlf/^Ok -^rJ/dhi^aijhrif/^ "t^ri/^ d'^^r^/S Cj/ftisftji C d-j/y^dij* y y c^dftXvftb\JjjicylAft^ ^dftf^&/dtdd>>Jdou}Z\f/'&

ro. fr/yi dfd^ ^ fi.fVft('eC

>. L'y^y (^ jihb^Jid/jtj!}/^.^^ j^iijyS^yp^Uf^Ciiyjji

iji^r ^■2- is^ji htsl'J^'ijjS&dSjs. dj^,

-4-' ^iWijyjId ij(},^^\y \(/r r^u

^J-^Loj/J 'd,^ /^Jti'' )j'J? < ji^jjs i j \Ji z/V/.JitLtifd 11 A-^j i>(/, i <:\S<SL<£,>JA j '-w * A. ^Ay\>

^ y>fSi

^

wd >t^k/^'& (("^yM<L-&\"O-^ ^

I'd (('J^J jfLA&'l "*& ^Ji&tyijji&jSdia' &

^-JjjSSoJjjitilrp'f/

0J£'S ti;*z~ 'jfijr'jj'. 1 ' faj

^"A h^^A-jiOy^',J//- ^-d6- jicn^yA

difj^Ajyyy/A^'/^y [Jio

cyftyb'Ajj dJ (i* dif■> d/d'jA1" £^AOI ''^Oi -jAtifZ/Jfaj

*&! lllj {"Afr UA.>"

yf^iy'd^k u^ A **(/ jy^s i<\j'iuy&is//{tA'/i Ad

in^bl/Jj\s^uAd Yf^J' U)I Ad

i<y

»I Urjjuti \(/Mi/.^l}/^l^(Vo/J'//^ t f vty'ct-

< if *>*=£ fcj/oywi ojtJtfjsi jJ'^js/jf-oJ^

Z&J&'btf [j(/j If < }■ c/t/'A/ "-iV^-' {sjJJiti/ji1 ^J/J ^is. Jio' J i ^ u

ojMj-I - "/?* <&' iV

\jJi, wtfiy/cji)'((f'i(/tj)'iiffi.JL€> ut?1'

i '/f

ijty 0^1-QSj iJ0'^ otj/rf&jf yj}. 'fy.yoh'iy>'>t>

Y" J1 <& |f(V L^' cS^

Kl*

£ /jjyfjter eJ/if/jlzC

O 'Jo^jijjry&u^'fy tJ(/y>^j PoiLii Ip4^ V Ij^ll ij ^ '41)) !>yi lioi^O) ty-^-3 ^I'C/JJI listyy,

"" < rff&byj

op t^isf j i^'ju^^r f

1 "A- i^'yJjy-yifyJyjiJisbtJ^yjy^Zyi'y1 Urfi/11 /

jy'Jji yjj^^!/'/"^ ^ jiLsfa £ sf.sry^n^yjei^,^ «£?

ff'l/ (/--^(/(^V^,) Vlii-ip'l " all rt- r-(/((»>■> ' <£■

1*6

if^' &J'-4(jtJ'fyifs- i tc^v1 \J^'

c-^J-oJ. < ^sjii

t-y^i/. & Ji/i t/^4 O&jil'fjfZffVj^JijLsl Vjjlfrtflf

Vo^f ^is^.J&iy c/t

* ojM •sOJ'i j-c^oijuLtftfj"

Ufa" Oi^P'y & ^ ip'* if 'jyW' & iff a" ai^P's ~

^Oi/j^^.^WA^J^/JJiijWo^y. L'sJU;" -ft1J 1 fyjjy^-b1/10^*2. tipfX'ii ^-r11 k

cJ6 itfj tlSjtj&I^Je^ojlj^ejljJIgjlji ItffjfrJ i U> fLf /y-i,^//y^tt>

uJ't/ji^j/^. ^uC * 'i/UZrJ <-*4^ 2J& i" Jljj JUS fir' l^jyyC^fi

J d Jiijfi-J-J ^4^2} ^ "-jfi^jfiyfip^ y.ysJstjs/^tsiz/j'jy

i jkyt ^yfi'j/^ipific^ i>^31

6&iJi4^4~J&i{ti^Ji-i!^l\,il.^L)p}rJ>\lj}l:di'

*^i'4T<itiS'i4r&l*z-C)i*'j!jyii-i'i/>l'&i)li'" •&

ii - I'l'i/ ny^'f & nlytf»Jri'j/i.£v>i' Ji

^■'Mor^^Sr-"^

/• Vsti/^-i'-fjiSij?'- -t<4

^^X^h-J?^Jt-/>y&^tSj,&-l''Z-MiS'.0).'

tLX'itylSf&lS/ter *i£h'*z-'"ZrXX°]y y<yX\iX>JXX\s>c<~-

^"i/^XoHj^/i'ti^X-' XXiXc'X'iXLf1'

XXjy'-i'^r:j/X-j>['i./-'S'.XX:J'--y

&>)'&* "jX''

^*ZrWj'j'i'i/ylyj^^i)L>

-0

^ iWtJl^i/yO \>'J*£.^flj(j3pfaj I ^ .,

- 'jjjjI&lJJ i ^ l>

-*c-

ifJiiJi/Ci £ Z&yfftZ-. ojffr/jljy _ <, -

- *£X-J tfc^ ^ - ' • -^f^J^yJifu/^^l - II -c/^/J^>/>Ui/ - If

01^.1 -J^/x^ 'Ji

- ^4^0*1}- If

lfi'L%lLTo^'l tryyytijJ^ Wtfjiy "yyt^yy - ^

}W 'J?'J l^z.

J y tf-^.ntfoj^cyLV^^Ici/ltV-jJtiJij'yaj hu. I^CliojjJ^/^\J ^z•JgS.jyJ

ift/-(/ijlfusJy*2 'IUA^UJ £*

j^^^j'j^J'-^C^ liLS

i6iu i '&» ^/i> V^1^ ^ud/^^w/i - u Ja^JL& ji^> ^jr </< - yjj^/d'S/'^/i0'

tri1

iS^oy^y^^ - li^p&yvLrfj.*^ i/Lsii iT

i/'d/t;JJi(y'AaJ '^yyujdHyy^y'd 0\yw^^r yLyt^y sJj^(^^-i/yP'j>^

$j\yi)jsjoy[j\jA/^\^>&yj>\iyi'idL*y3r'o>y\j>_

2~\3dy(Ai,yy$j.' cy

^ j>i ^

IAI

Jl^^li) j /jir} AjiuyJ/^tte^ tic^^unsJSj,

0 i <=z^3^y^ij^ ■Jtj'&ij'jijJ^vJi

tL- fcufj ^^/fifj/' y/cj^y?)/. y ^MulJt-At/&(Sb'li" * u (£/£>/(» W- C^^lfj^Jy^ *[{/& CC " ij^i/'i/J^y

e~ i t^L^O I Z/iJ t> l/^-y^l^J "jLpy U!

^/yjyjjjj, /Uj i JZ/JSOWJMjCSC/; ' ^l(^j'joljUlpyiyijy^^^l^J^^ -^/yjuyc/i/y^ zy.j^yjy'UAjji

tf-Y

Uj jjji

jJ JJ 'oy? c/ i) * d/j- ^(JSdJ *dSj3 jJL-1 •/i/^ ij,

/ /yi -^y 'Ji/f- ^jifj

^ 'di^tjd' '(//J^L^JIJ^: ufb o-''(//^f/i J>^> ^

Ciiy" -.Jij^

<JiZ~ iliJl*2>j tr^- oj -^J/jj ItfJ i^' t

2~ ^ ^ u i ^ Lfd^Ufi Is I bii'J Jy1< -;

VCJ sj>\Ji2yjj^. WV-YWj'd'dJjI »j\ " £

| Al"

/rtrr C^f^1 ^-'jl

istffo ^

%!'^iljjjriJijl^C^ ^j.-'^i-'if^J^lS3^-

- £■ j 1 (- ijj/Aj ifj^ LJf - j: 1I£J i

^\/ctfsJ>/luif"is^// "tfr'-^r

jtj &s.jjj)jji Jui^

^J^fi/'ltfJiJl \fj ^ ^ V,iJ^

foA/l "^of-f1 l6i yj tf '^(j ^y I I

Y-rj' *£

1A(V

<^oy[yo fax ^ J*^-

j Ljj ^J^-t^JCsjiyJ^-^ iJi& 'sytjijj .juList^J ie

Uj^ y^i/j LJ J->J ' '^.iTU'uf iO&jhjj/ \>jj'jiv^A-<'■^ ^

iS^lf^L ^03 L;

2UP£Z£ \S3<y& [jfXllf>lrfl/jf&^r('Ci 'Vfo*X^-yalrStft',/!'- ^tj fceL-iiSM's^jXpJj>\/ ^ij^\(jt^*&J^i^fy\ijj.^jyo^ijj^lzJi&ks/}\l)j*ijiJi,/i

jyi

^■JM~T'/*--3'2Zj -^-tt;/ s'^'iyj' tffbL-j'S

^'-^vy-'^^is^■>'iliJ'l^-i?i t-piS'ilf-i

; L^'jl J (/i^U L? J/^ ^jid'JjiJ ;J"^'-^-,yjS^^^yJ:-u'l^A/S.U^

Vy'5'0' '^flJl.lS>ky^y'AA/)'yti''^i'/-'6r' !^

iT/f */&'^-W->dfi}r?*£j>^ii\//>ji\yi/iilJ 'y*/'i}ti?J'J3&/[^^'j*y^-&rfi\5'j'js\,csi&"j\j^ yy

Jwj/jfjiX cy^%>f" S" y'y yy^yhjyS'Xj/v: y iJA>y(I^L^. yJS te/jMjJ. Si''MA>^^fcr^/^i&&£/yi/z:.jtL.,g.j/tfs/.y 'Ofj?Ji^y/^tf^>?syj*-jjtfJ1*>><z£'ijioiiyty.y$b

MiiJ\ ^i.y-yjJ*o»\i'i\wl<i*jy^yi m. myt'jei&iias-^^yLyi ^

\y(y< "(r\iii-riAa<j^jijjyi" oS' w-nyXuCtfa^J ^

i/,&J ij jjj J ly C>/^ o/tA*^1 -■*£r^/

t'!c4/^ ft^/'AjiJ V/j&iy'j i/i-v f

't/t ^^ b/lfCf.i cj,;^!//l/^i/hflvJ

^ oj/^y ddjo^yfifoUjy^.

- j-ijJ-j^^j Uy t tfj?. ''w/Jid'y^

jjv'i t tyj/fijzyf

- l?LS^u?tf &e & 'j&b/'^d: f ) C^Vju> <'->^rc/ ij i^'Jzjjj Wj L

['m <1^' ->/- Lftf-^-Zj-S ty^OlJ'J.UjjjuI tyiy&Oj&'tJl

'sisiH ^ l>^I^J ^/j'/oy

^j^4i/^y-yy,y/jy~X'i/y(JA'^rt^Ji,1-/

^o&lu?'f'&J^faJif}-yy^h^yjyl-}

^-iX'yJ.J" fh "/(/.L/J/L?-^^ " ('C^"(/Jli/('Cjji(^^Jf

utiios' ^^-/j^cf^'ioy1 t 'vy^'y^"C'-^-J^jJ^: ^/J>IJLJbj\& ^0

■- " - u cXJ y i '/cffity ^O/S" i&.ft •*-■/* X J (/ yX/ci-y - ^^JO^jj-JJ^J^Q))} >j3 if. AIJ/' Si/^1 ^^s/d O hdo^yio

If-'iyQiy* (SM^J tuL^OGy" iS

jui/^O ^(jt/jtf//^/) t' "O^^1 ^'2.2-

^-rO^i/ji." 0'luJ*JL'/2-/c^ '/lj)3lc2-Xz^'j2^

'xftf U/ ■">

"J^^I '' 5; " ^/fiyJ$\t!L'(iJ'))>k1jj£))j \&*\i' iSjhi 'jJ2si'£~^ji'Z'\fJ}'£

-=T-

yj'l/<»t>\/^A~j^<y.ojj, yvphJ&'usii {jj\/^. i ijji 0*3 jt' iiy-i* ly^j o)i

j^ycw °->3' yy^joji 0 &

I.Al/(('3jJa')"jr''2lpi"2? )aHl/({3>yy'^\-?!>&' *2

'i/Jfaitytof --"'-^fui,'ufj* ij

-^&yi;\>L£J:C^(JjJf?(Jj{Si \y^ 'fejp#

4-JJ l^^JjyljJj^ijl^hij^^, ^/iSjJ&^is^JiJ^. if^Lf-i,' KWji

" -^-y (J?^i/oh> * J

wi

/*z^y(j&\/^<zuz^j\c£*zrJi>iy>S QvifSJ I ^Jj I~X'J t^JL^jy^

^t^+j^./t';<ju v •-j/Juity OtfJ?lJjyd^lf

jyi/&ljl&lj & OiflfUOl'

ticCj. ^ d ^ofi/. %t-

^o^ifoyy^is* ^ (j^cL-jyC^-'^'y, jjj IJJJJ-^ ^ o Jy^t

^"'Ji

J^ystSjyfy^jJj L>^y; Ojl-JfJjJ^-j ^ 'i^i/'^u' I. a^

"It is said that the nuidern West is Christian, but this is a mistake: (he modern outlook is anti-Christian beeanse it is essentially anti-religious; and it is anti-religious because in a wider sense it is anti-traditional; il is this that gives it its particular character and causes it to be what il is.

Rene (iuenon^Crisis ol the Modern World, I'dJS ir'- llV' 14 Kw t/iic"ol'

UK

i/jyjisiHAt) U,JJ^" SLJ>IJJ>I' "j-f'tzz-^ ^ijrfiji t-

^"jULjUiiJfijpii

j^ji£M'~dX£'>' V'.'JXj^.Ci'^J^y/ji }^i/JfirJ"'JLfafJ('JJj>j'lJ VC'JjJ*^ijyl

iJI&'J o i '*^jy(jls.^y^j^^jL> ''(/J^JZJV^WAft A

^'-> 1/IojL j^Ur^-pU

U> ^^oft' "-sr-Jlf

^ ij^JI -fft-i phAljlf tZfJlyPy/S 'Af-ftA-tj U2\Ao ^.ty'.jA e/jj'^cj) bjjl/y/j (,

&J^(i ^JJ

\C> J> i lyypy a£ Ifi/^IW-filly"tJl'i*'" *^2

nr

tip's»

^-.^jiyv!)

'jufyyiM^-jfy^'*'isS'^j,^'i&,ti*r'' wrfijj//>&\jy&-^j^j^^/'.i>iO/>'{io,'Jij'i*T-*

jJ-^Ji\yi/'yi&j'<'S)''-i£!d>*' fatyjjtitiy/

c~y-fa 3/^' 4■^■'Hr/^1

r-r'v" rilr-frlfJjiA*-'a3>

■4^

J^piSpPiS. ^jjp^'^ij

' ^'CpP^/^-f.-A}^'/.^" 'Ji^-jjZ-rvytffJ:

^ ^'i/cPP'fl/ '-'^Hi L!°J Plf' ^/fcC^ UjJ^/U^ ^4/'

iiyw-'w^'& i-*j>(nu'fai'A i0^ ''ijPcrV oil "y^b ^

1 (Vf - wyj't (JjlJ&J V"r-'kP' •&■

|Q6

^ > (J hftj) 1^ Ls^J

Jiffy. ^.L/ty-olijZ L> 11/ juT uC^j ^ij_ i ^jffo\Ji ^<^5-7 Lf LJ&^/'(/I ojijC i tf^/)- U

/%■<£( offi^yjuJztifCjVis^y' hjii ^f(/jt uj I

iSyiSS&yai''iyy&^u>j4oJ!^&uv'&J'-<i-j*i-lsL

"•' j-'^yy y^^*1

(motujiJiijjXjfi) ■■jjfwii^VJi-" I - if "jslJU#! " al?

I9H

Jj yji'^j i ^'J u:

j'j^<y^^j.^iyi/^>v&^>'oy>y~s:-duitii/fij!''if /jyoy \r [o/j-^'}y'-^yyot^- jy

. Cyjfjoi /jij'fjyyjs-zyyyr^ "^y-

cj 21-J'iy ^ u1/(^j>J>.tiijil"

11«i

.

jiy^dW

^iu^/u/j) cj^LJ i ft//hy^oJ 'j^< ]J^

-utJ&iftO.i Sa\J\^i&i&'>i'y&ir\JjjylsJ'ifriJi^U\/\

ft yy^/yy ^ bVKciui-j^

v'j^o i - ys^&jy, o»

-

I1A

w )Ji>Jihj}\iJoi>ibjU if/^Jytfjl?l/tjfJoft^,U03,&''£'2'/i}i

"ob/jj

•j'lS^LO^—-^i-v'iJy?/'iJZJ& I Lj" h^Z^-' tlr" ^-J—^ " ^ -LL*

^JiJ.ii$/^lp~U*rl-J->Ji'J-^"iybJ "

--^ V'^j ii/'

°*J\j u^^o1 ■ ^riS/ ^J 'J-v'^J jC"i/.u/ ^ ^ "

m- wj' "jf-'-iya^ ^

114

J I - 'tfjyoj - "^-2-

'if llfi'^/^jj> t - ^-Jy;^u'-»4=^ j /(jZiA^

-dcA^/

S'W ^ JL> Klii/T "

j/^Jiir -Jh^'JusjU ijj 'A^Jy^y ? if oyjij 'i*zr\jji>d'mj)\ i i J 1 ^yjt.yv'ojy^ Aj &ij/j('~-i£($f'-^i} t. ^ -^y J t^/1 /Jf Ljjy'

'dA>fifo"AJ''(J?Jy(fjyt1 ^ 'ji/fJo^-if^i/f&f U/1/osji^^JOA(/>t rj/^/ ^

fi- rtifi -(fjJfoX-A J&SJJV

1 ^y1 }JUoA ^ o'^.i^ii

^iS.J P{S^)''~tJS}£ foP

/b/^o'>^^J^W*zpi/c)il*\ feyU&jJi^ji^

u-i^iji" JplS//^^/^" <£■ '"V'PeX ^t/' ^

/^^XjijuyfaJpjbipjirfjyy^ -ypj-t

'^py w- YWJj'W-i "t/^-^^/^r-

p'l

a- J;

pjj)\ \S^Ji f1" >c^li->j/J\$] trf ^tJo>jJ\i$'/,j

(fSsJoyjW(/jg-j/aJdtt-^ljU-J'•^r t-'^ i oj& c

4- ^ ?Cf?y ^ i/-"1 ^ I

//,& }kmyyjy^

'^Woy O0^J^^^JJJ^---'3J ^lyjJz- ^J{ if^'^iK^r-yd?*■ '£j. O- r^-J>t^^liiy^j/^»>6^J-tf1' ^

Y.y

'LOOKING BACK HN pR0GRESS11

■crisis of nil: modern world-

Those orientals who reproach modern Western civilization with hein« ;, purely material one are fully juslilied; it is certainly in this direction exclusively that its development has taken pl.ice, and Irom whatever point of view one may look at it, one is always faced with the more or less direct conseip.ences of this materialization."

"The whole of this "propane" science which has developed during the course of recent centuries is conllned to the study of the sensible world. Us horizon is bounded exclusively by that world and its methods apply within that sphere only; but these methods have been proclaimed "scientilic" to the exclusion of all others, an

W "CRISIS OF THE MODERN WORLD" ^

iitlitude which ainimnts to rcpudialing Hit exisltuct (if any science not dealing with material things,"

"Even adniilling that material development offers certain advantages, though only from a relative stand-point, it may well he asked whether, in view of such consequences as we have been just describing, those advantages are not heavily outweighed by other disadvantages. We are not thinking of the many things of incomparably greater worth that have been sacrificed for the sake of this one type of development, of the higher forms of knowledge that have been forgotten, of the intellectuality that has been destroyed and the spirituality that has disappeared, simply taking modern civilization for what it is in itself it can well be maintained that, if the advantages and disadvantages of what has been brought about were to be compared, the result miglil even so, on balance, prove to be a negative one. Inventions, which at present go on being multiplied with ever - increasing luomenliim, are all the more dangerous because they call in to play forces the real nature of which is completely unknown to the people that make use of them; and this demonstrates conclusively the worthlessness of modern science from the explanatory point of view, as knowledge that is to

siiy, eveu when limited tn the physical sphere: at the same lime the fact that these eonsideralions in nn wise cause practical applications to.be restrained proves that this science is far from being disinterested and that it is industry which is the only real object of its researches"

"ANCIENT BELIEFS & MODERN SUPERSTITIONS-

y Cyjy*f ifJy^iS.

-oy^ hjjsjji" ■ ^ ^y^ji

1 i J fjyjjyU'iJUs CJS /^ri^kieiUOy — - > c^^j} i Ci. jtJ, w fa,

^(/"CRISIS OF THE MODERN WORLD" 4b

r-o

^W}Jj?^OsJh^^J>Jl ^'-" ajhi}j 0,JJ'J'

' v&y/jjjy

j 'J^^o/ithvi^/i J&J^/A/ftyC^ytftyA4-'sri?'\(O^/iftJ:

tfy>'ipjJ?j\£»j>y --T-y^ C^-o1

■ -^A itr/,iAy^k ■■"*-% A J.

^A^Afcrff'Ji&r-jiZrJitiy'J'^Auyji ojjj '^j'^'y^o) & ^t/y -^-y

Y*

'/^if-z^Joi- ^^^yo'A'/u^^J/Ji/ai^i^-

faisyfti-bd^'i-^zj_ct,b>'i*Jl/\$*f:-^[£

3—- jy^)j^^".|,B^L_Jj|^^j>

■^-■^ *y-ij/i\/c<zryJl>j '<£y ^J/ !>> "

/fl^a?y>t^rif°Kj"iiWts*-4&icsJ*y'lfaj'^o)ijCc£.liaj'^yK

r-ru' yi^'y at uj'?d'-J'siS/^y':/*"eb)

(J/^l/-J IL^^-^/^LCO ^ ^^'/■s£&>ji<zrU>btfs. ' i/i/ir-S&(j'JiS3^i^(/cU^03 ^ui/if.O^if

L UI j't/1 L j> I ^ b

*-* &z£jtfi)0.hf-'&ij/f)\,J*i>'v'l2\

&*'>•/'

/s/tyu?^',•j?f*^jMly^/;fWlfeijdi ^'y.

hjls I Cll^lflo 0'

^"\^ty

•y/ty^i^ou^Li iji ]'uy-y

^yj1?^ vZr&i/o^fjy K^i/' >zitysy+'/y^ ^jj'. ^

fe^rJ ^'O^lSJjJ^ ^ '"Zr^-^

• "ftyy "'&■<-■& < * j,y/\ ^^-o^yjO'^^i'ij-y-yy' i-'^y/"

^^//'jyt/i hMyy/y*^- ^u//yy,^0\

YCnf &yw a5 V6j>ijt}.&ii£\ <£- yij £^7 ^

J^v1 ^'i. -^^fo'!^ &o*>'

W'lfip. ^(/jfJ^ • *& ■'ja/- '^y'

; i|U^>>«'j'ci^Vj^/'w=i.

JjljtyttfJly^jflPb Jjx^l^' ■^■i - o '^j\o'} 'i/o ix-4^ ^

Pi/ ^ fro* Mcy^o* a!l!r

fl-

&jJ^>jj'ti'iyf'>jJ)ifisJSj»\<£r v/

^■j (f, "nZfiJ'J-^

a—' - i-X'jj iyiej

^-//yjLvT ^ *k~-j*\.4jfrjj\&$tftff/{SA i^utO/^uy

i *j. (S'^j/J^r^Jy,^^/ 'yjj! I>/WfO '

Orthodox Islam "l/'"^if^'t/l/

ly^L^uiyi «ii5 "THOUGHTS & REFLECTIONS ^

xTv >^-^/&^jjti£u;>wj'Wi5lu;ioF IQbal"

fll

'JO\jP 0j':tfdo\Jifa'(£otis^&^tf?JjsV'/i/oj^ ^yC^ueif -j'l ) V^l^iji' i^-^JO^ik^h i^. UfVtz-jjjO^

"IQBAL'S CONCEPT OF CiOD" (f^jO^/^ '/^JJO U^-i ^Oy ^J,

j'*j>\iJ\)i-jJf&'j> t^jr-cr kld'O* *" (j^s*/ ^oiX/J"yj£" - Lj? Finite r'l

t>-5>L 0

e^iy[fa .^"('■Yi 'ycf

- \jj^ >jSQ^ijyVl/w^ ty/yjl & yyj'iJi&J*4jO I (/;)*& tjjC} JjfL^UO I

'<£. Expositiim (WyYy*rY<zr&ki^d^.is-}y-Oj>i/'-Ojii> *&*£) 0IJ i fayc/i

Wc/i^iiJiy *1Y

I'iiniiiliriisinj- 1

i {4^/l(jfjl.)^J(/b&Wj^J&>])iJlj&tfM&c/j&^'>J

—s^JT ^ui/u/u^O '/-=-

j»\&jti-0')$£6. ^^^-c/'j'ci ^ l^J,-e^ur'>

^/j ■~>ya)

'>//^ '-<? '-^V1

l'^f>\jf^/>>]Ji*£-^y'J V/l&l ttf. ^

L /ff^" /^li.

ir^jjif fte" i I- i'/ ^'J>j><>jpt£z~&i's}ji) /j:

'i?M & -p-d, yp^ "^oiv ^'7*" y^u- J^lwU^1-'-' ^

yw r:,lk ^

J>ir2~- c/J OZ-J & 0Jd-

fa* I ^VL. ^cfejn$3^3

■■^r&

• (j&J ^^'/i V1'^' - ^ ji^if-

(/I oj^)jljj>\JJ\^^>^3^ ■J~^^{/j',Jl-£C.'^-^ &]$\/,\)°\)i^£l\a/■ ^/JA\S£',

" "J^iS/ifiIX^"Lx"jj^fj^"d^f- ^"-ZZ-0-"^ w*'" U ">fL

is- -

t'lfV

'■ -tjfi// MM '->*> ■'^y,>^j\,rhf.> Sjj* "

<)^(/o/^d>o^ ^ aWV' jj£-y,X'y/tj\i\\/&yj*yoy yyX'*C//> SA, t tyjy.j k' ufiu/^u-

^ ■ ■L/t^1f^J^-'->l-'.^-ci.b nr^ ^ //-i.^^/i^^t^L^"^

<rj (ptJrjMJi&lcg? YVW" •Itf

n*

£^vk,S'T ^Xy

A-ji s^&^jjsj\Js>dj*± t/'/ojjXi ^ yy./^3?1 "i tWi

if.ykcfc XsX: ^d/j^"

js^ XyfJ) day. fbdj'o i(j£oXt/(/'1 ■ If&jOlatL-Xodfy X'sX^o'^'X" oy.&lfiytj£f}lsJ! X^LJ

yyyxjX'^ifXjj} yiJ-J-ji* bjji^yjj^A-xf1ii/'

I Li"dtdj^y^d/iiy. djy^^d/X^d^/ w/ if (/^y^ IJ I? '--s^jfJi? ^ I K>f L

J^ly^d^d-^'d^^ i' d/y^cd^/d

\'tfj' (fvd&J 'jsldj**)"dD MJ* jfi&iJlJ1 old Uf < Wjf "(/XjilOLdl ■4 &

n.j* 1 .y.^) ji>'i" ^

I/CfilU^f^-/• I, i/1>

•Zr&l'}

jyj Wos/i>j/h'(fi,*£j>jL J.JL/tj LsylJl

"f&JifiljlfjJjl -JlJy*'^^30)'JyJ.

'^yj t/jf

C &s/*z£fi) tfl/jfL Jutil"

^ityrj>i'^A^)\-i»j\ t&\.-j'fiij>\ilj>j^[^3}Xt,)/ < WJ>"\w&^(fa)c)\J. *!&

fU

cL ^/O^/JljL^i/i/^o^d^di

tfj Ijfj i Qlfjij <ftft,fad ^ dSJjtf'-d^dd1

rJ;sL)iu/ty>y^J±Xft' \'/ddftfay^'^c 'ft/yysj^ fay d ^o i>^^-> I't/

di \i>J> \'j3j)\J^\ft'\J^jft*/&^&\<=L\Jvji.

faji^jljirLpi/J.LsvJ i (^ift^i)

jd. u-i^yj^\'fafa>ulfjAly.9)*d*ddJ&oM' tidy

j^riSy>fiiJ>^>/v-/!!4cfi*ik-j.A v>'d&i^J

^iji j 1 y^-- 1 ySu, AfifdiiS!'i/u>dL^ii<s'y'^i

jt.i>j\*j)\ijjtf* an

iffi/Vs^t/' iH

>v*' '*.

^ill/

> ujCJ

ijc^y/jy-^OX

a^."^-- A jy Ji) j 'Jfjtfijiuk&faiX^r-f J/ oJlC Uj(y

J^, ^i/ipiI^C/jl y^Q\.*zr,//o[?-j>\/&

-J^jj M-(/ ^ "jfiLjr&l" 4i£? M1 "M&UUI' *!£

ru

-ufot

,>^1U* 1; OJ'J ^

*Cj,^ iJ^/jS^'J^J^ui^'^J f" -

iA^if'.tf,Uji-/jt\tfm^}>(f,tjftJ>i'!rtfiS^ii~:'y'UV.:l£!s:['-

■=>1^ J/^J ~/.^i>"? ^1 ^ ■'' ^1J-A

Yf-

''t

/(it/'cTl/^'cf Ij/jju i/Jtffj^^'d Uy jJ L? ir

^ -"^ '-^V^-1 ->/ CjA/CT^ jV ^ u? i"

■<^ij/fc^ti/'Z^,)^j^^^'^jAoxtIu^(/fj^u " t-'i ^ i^ "-1

i^L"J^.b'jy dd^/^c^Ur i/0 UfJ "

J^/ujJ C ^ Q i ^jjrly I -/i " rr S (/ LVtv>'( (»£".>*■ I &IJ& 9^

rfi

■ i.

^ l... LJ i/^ji-J 4'^''- '''*^ 'r

•.^iSjt}']iflJuXlyf*tS"j'it/*

tj.\,o\^o\^yi'^'iy'/-^^'^yyi*7o'iJ''

-iMy^

yj* "/yy* ^ ^

fff

J J .J U^J, jlJUjistS

^.^^&;SD\j}(\i,tf^o\'j}ij'ijouJj\sJo\

•^'0*L/'Jl£0'J^-"LiJ»yr/W[ij/lJltfiy\&j>j'tfttji\&Jj,}e"

UjJLjU^oA &i/'%tf^-ji!(S^ify<j*liffuJ,i/l

S ■ ■■ \t?\/J'>/llSj&J\,lpJjA. j-^-i't-As. I,/. ■')>i?-J.

Ji2 - .jw I^j.

tf'f if Ay)Ay)*U*' a!£r

&\/lj''/^U&Ji'S,^X;Aj^ifi/£'iii{Jj'*^''.iutffe'il

ji< yl^i l('uyWjj^/i^(^®(/i/i>jji>f^fvu|yv6j;i'l51'^^'1'^

■.j.jdji^y

i ^r-'1 —^ ^'^■ij [j~^r J2\j2\fW;>i,/f.-er t

iA<ul/ti//&i/auti/i{iit64*' ^

rriv

i/ii

ui/oj tc i

'Jij> ^'Jij^y, ^-^.if.j-jA/^ '1 (jiJtAAji frjiJ&AjJji f kj OS^&j?jlj>i/\£'u}\*£-h>iJjri u k'/JI <A- I^

Wi i

J k-r/-' ^ Atfj il)3jl/eZrC£/ ifl/oj Ij 1^ J&'(/I

t L^Jlj^LrijA-U^lfl/vU'i -•

- - k

-(^Jk'^;jU^<^»'vt^k^^'-(V H J>i{sJri/i&fe •!& ^

'JiM

^ L v/J'U'J* "'y^

'^Lr- iyjjijly 'jdcii^'A^^<4^//'^r^J^i/.'- Jj^r*^. >*£->■"*(;(JO'iJ

i ^\J$^Mjrj^A/>°'fs»\J£Ji_ty>^A UAjjjfj?

Ji^y^"cjbtii '(/^ v/if1

^//lit) hizrtfiAuy/^yyif&ij ^^01 Jk J b^^yA^y/ji "/^jJ'^u^cz-Jz. qj j?[/./?■

Wi/tjf&iz *12*

ffH

«>;ejjjiJ1/Xjk[/.^J-jj^'s

cj ij> i ijl^} 'r^w^ ^>ij/-dt&JiJ^jJO [S2<M L /

fiC.&jy''Jvj^"Jl)J'^> j fci/ug/j/f'iiSUi^j*

O&AOi

'A/ZJ iSjfJty&jlS&lJz i& L&

u/dZ-u?

d^dhc^/tj,-jyhjdjj /'J-'^cp "d^jj/do^^rd*

Js & tf'Jidd'/l/Jds i

"</' "i/?i/?(^'^ d*: {Myj^^i/'if^'^) ^ i^d'(j^'itf&jZ'. <&

r^j i^)\T^j d*S

. ^ { u' i U4" ■ 'jV J ^; -0 ^ ^ ^ L> ^yJ^jyff- ^jii'iyjj£>/y,(i/*^*»'^V^J'^iri}'rti*/'Z'bC'

Ofay 'cfy 5

^g^J\iA,i,UycL.>j\ji/i'yy/^iiJiy.v>.'-i-i'jA''/

jl^j^>jyi!/A>ij~/iy-/J(^,'/*M^'.&k'-6yfal

fahu fayAjyisiAyiy/^^z-'dyy^yoA-^f-: t

ri'i/ jMyfa&wyfcyy&w ^i/yyf/tOitiytfjw Ai y!. V^y^fa'y^y -y'yfa ^ AL y'^A-y*

\^rLSy^/!yj'^0>J.}lfJ-lA

yy*

^ Jyjf-r'^ '^J'^rXrl/.^^r

(jti °j j

y^rJ' y1 ^1 V ^ ^ 1 L ij&ljjLs.

r£l(jyA'lftill'ijl££'r»lifjy°J£ZtffcC^'''^^'~*",J^'jZy^'jb'i

'>/:■ Lf' y.: u-ij jvU.Jy'

^UjyXzrCZjtjfjy'jyit ^/jyox

rct/'/i'vu^'jy. M «Ji'

kf-s^w^y 'J> ^ J J/'^^U^I^-^^^J^"

ft.-A- Cj^- r^r^1^-1^-^r (/■' Jk^c/1

^ J U^OrVJ u^- tfft/'ft^

! b '(fo// V-4^

^jjCfph-ft. V"Q/U wjo '-^1 ^ '>' 1

Cjoij* cfeJlJ-J^iioiftyA^^.ftf33-^/ij/'Ji>>j[ 'fti^ ^X\ j-Cafu^i. U»|| \Mjr.^»&jX'j''jtftcJ k V X'^-AA i-Jj X*f^\y\^o\^e^3ft\ftj -42A \sA~ oVj y&jjji

(Atj/tjA'Ayi O^tJ}ft \ftp lid "'/■=-: l-'■,, OA/^ O11^-'

Kc- r fft fttjXX'jjft'AS ^ fti >/y<Aj40jjfylS>*i)' Aft

Mi ft yft JSI ftfDCS^J u "j^jzsAit- £S

4

t->jl ^/rfjed■/.* £*AJAj>\ JljL//S& if. I I '

l^ljl ^J^SJ It i ifJ ^ -J't.'=?-£?(fi ' Ji*^0^'2Z'd//oJ^C ^

^j$o^j,\^o\-^j&y>^>A\y,tiyj-jj-y - jLy^j)\ctJ^jsJ>ji."JfiV\"J^yj-jw.-w.^Ui^Aj

^{ij&o^)tfj&oyis'.}ji"& y^JJs^Jtji^jjbsjyo \j,*zrt S> (./A

{■'jyfr"(/jirmtfy V"*•/^ ft/' (J^;^^"' <>115

fw. fnv^^r

ffl

>i^ji\.!.flM^yj^w^o>/Vo^'£//'^f'^o>i?^zl

^M^JS) /I jJ^JS 1^ k ^ ^ I' 1

1 ' *'/'(/.

bjj)\£f I 'tjJ^vy(j;>'/>^f/

j,\OM i/'Jl-eZz*

'JA''{/:>(/• o)^0>/^^0\Z/J,dtiJ^SJ&/ir^$^'b'>\i.yb •■^^'-^/^.Jr^iJjAA^^i tf/'i/' (/IftfjijUjji &JJZ)J> l- O-/ i*^ <'.JoV \4~y4?0yt- o^-^-O'/t0^ ^0 tJ&U oyitbfaj&'yfi/oi^fi ^ jMjJl'Mfyc/i/1 - '^U)/a<d'>'k/?'^0^

cYUrH i r**^ '•ill? i jyjj &'> t i niu j'yjjo-'A'^-j'i

wtf'&'T'i ^

rr-f

"THE TRADITIONS IN ISLAM" /l/ZJJJ LuC^y\Jj_

i/'2=r '^ofy>tj)i^yij?,y^tf^p'L}/i.

"This may be true or not but the book is certainly a novel production; inasmuch as it sets out to prove what nobody has ever denied"

"In tact, it is a commonplace canon in Muslim theology that <jll the traditions of which the authenticity is not strictly proved, or which are in coalradiclion either \yilh (he Quran or reason are not taken as genuine. We sympathise with the author in his misspent labours.'

Alii

Ltfrj i

rtfif *!£■

rrf

•ETHICS OF THE QURAFf ■fi^^'^'^

f^. to^cow JI?. ^/JU^js i j-j L ^1

a^'. jj'oiljZ' i/1

THE STORY OK THE KHH.AFAVLJ^^J^^J^^y' Xo^doc^ P'VRTI"

"The story of Muslim incompetence. Intolerance and Fanatifism -auM I,a.. W™ a li.l. m,.r,- In.pra.al.F «n.l mora faillifi.l Ilian H.. on, l.a« . W ■» »» '» «• R"»kle

which is a curious medley ..I historical half - truths, untruths and facts which are more fictitious than real.'^Ur'

Ori8ii,allly

YW

^P>^J*'^.^iS;JlU\Jttf.'tf/liiO^!yjAy&

'i&Jyi^/i/^»i>i/;^i/tf,vAj.j,i ,jj■■*/_ aUf* /*/ 7 / '/ ••

''£~^0-Jirf-u&JJ* (SjiSUJ''

"Ostiir Wilde's .,„rld r.imous Frei.cli dm.,,, Sulome, " ' "'"■ r"r h™ "M> I" Li. double ullenipl l„ be „r|ei,ud ,„„, ,„ ,„ i.ueresii,,. ,„ llir Urdu- knowiiiy public. "

'fyWtVji/t&Wr <tZ Hcji &

fTfl

^^:^%/l^/'£i-i>Jj *z~0bj i ^Ztoj JIjj ^l/j^f/jy^.3 '(^

i oj \S> U^MIJ JtcCJ'1 "^-A/i 'Jtf^S, O /

^ 'i^^(jJ\j^[^^^\ </'^- ^li-

b^) ^jjj 1 Oj'y'l/ : \J I y^'j/j: &:

"Tlie author has done a distinct service to the oriental literature and has admirably filled a long - felt need. The book supplements at a very opportune moment the Great Hali's great Mui|addina" -U*

y. o}^^/}^sd>j od1"^-1).' Xt

(\yj Jj-^ djfo ^ o' I>y- ^ k k lUt/' r^v^tSJ'}'^

(vp'it/ < r^y^yi' l^,1

ffM

t(di^A^^ifiS^^>^^o*'i'M.-'Z;j?.i3$csiiljijf

Xj/l^Xyj-J1^ - ■ ■ jy//^ kk-^tSj 4 JMtf/J'*- ■ -

•SyjiioVvj'i&J. ik/, '^x'-jCi 'j,\ "jiiycfjj" 'si tsj

>.^y*z-iju', syhyy

'^'ik& t yrSyjh

XX, ^sy, i JssX Xyy?

^"l/'-yj/"ify.'^k' ■ -■ '-yXX's?'" ricf'tifStSA «!3 w-ossffaxusytsj <s!i.*

yti

(}Z "

-is/1 SA Jfai '

JStz-fyaMl trlvj OV^J1 «^>f C /

r9d-MiV(/ c^^-te^Di^ ^

H^'^J

°K'—t/^Jf^

'^--f/-^-x {jij.oii wi^(^ Jt^/^I. ^ji^/'iL^

^yy'/^.r^y'^Vl i:V)'^-jy'/o>yJ^^,'&u/iyo/y^/>**/<^y^ij

. ^-iy*-

V Wl tfrshf <^J^> 415 '

^ - ^c/' iJJ/fdjS^i fj" wot atj*jfdjj^)^it!/(yJ>i

2?) ^i/o itJiXi/' o [P'^" 6 "if.

\j/iJ&i^t'i//'s!> 1

yyj^J i-uf^

if *2-0 ic^V vtif-Jiet-j/Jtr^l> '> ^,u£V 1 L >y 1? ^^)ijv>J-sioh>&*>is'Q <J^Ji]fa'^kyj&lSixy &■?/ ^ if/Joi'/jf^' -tZrkjk 'Ji^- ^^^jf/ffJi'/if I

- j!j2j/jh>^^'o\/^f'j\^-<=L-\jr

"-> "I ^/f>; f sj/Jyij» J>f t^.

iJ^ufjUyjii/jjiJi/if/Jj "W^J3

jy2J (i J-^y^J-Q 0) ljy_ iXj^rf-'cffv-t1"/ 14 ^>2*2j^*1 <2?

**&($} L JjO < -J^/2

0/^ 1^1^ i U ^ hji I i;^ - *J fly;,} U"^jyj ^ I Jet "> <*^ytJ&l&iJi)s^r}&-/i "^.^ij^j^£

'J/t--&■- ..i_/■ &>JJ>js/^./JIY>!>£>s £ 0*^6 \ ^'

i/f1 't/yy ifdoJ>^^y>(f-£'-<=rJ^ IJ^jiJ L

ly^^jj^rfoh> $> i(6zrCU/ji

^ ^ t//y^&i/y^b

lOjlJtft/j)lSj/M^J^^zz^Ly'0ll Sjj> cfi^y. wjx </i>

HJjj ^-t-y - j^Jii/l/-^^1 ^ 14" ^ J'^jsi^fi.ySt^.£ ^jii'o y/j* ^ij} ^ t.(/Jj^>>f JI o)J^ijxZ>j>\~j}\ os^Lj 1 J^u-i^'yJ

' I 1J L^/- ^

l/.» ^ ^ ^

QsJi Zjjjyy\ ^^j-yj^yy fyu?> vyj. y

yjjjfyo}"^ydy/j/dyy^jv t-^-J^1

^ ju-y; U^/l^-jy^-i^ J /■/j I >j;) 'A' 'fvSjr' ■,l^ t i/ yfy-/\£

**y£siyydj^y\j-7y\yy/\p&faj?yj^[.y.'dj - jy?>y^Syy?yy\s^/3>>jJ>X-i,j>j\j>\,

ju^oj I L? Y z^ ^^y-oy'T/" t

y^y^yiez- ^yy

yj^yy-^y.

rff

(Crust) ^C -Jr^>J\lJ*0\j'i}/! -^V^/j Uf LJ

\j9 [/aj tyy*^—^t£~-j L

sj - ir>,^>> i Kyyi^-

jlK'ci'c^- iS^-JUj^^diO^-Jf^ (Jjjj'J ^-Pf

Jl si/jK^I CJ- U ISJ QAiScJJ^^

yy dy ^(y^y/jtys, & iijuyi- *[$/&

isyJ'AtfjY/yC1 ^^-j^j'j.iJjy

'i^-

\/c£:j'M'j\ ^u^j/l >0^r i tJl

"wpLftP--JA^.

J^j) y ijjsj^surj vX.ahi^.X ^tji, \fy^vjXpXjyj>\JibXjXA/JC'&XtfOJ,

tcX&p/J^XoX{>cd>fX^tA>i^ vVt/ X- Xyyiss' ^Xc XoW/X^Xy^/jlX^ jjl/^ci^f > Uv-' ^

■ yXpi/j-jj ^jj>j ^ "X'-fyyljpiyXJiis^b^^jiXjlp^jjiisyX^

JiO\3$Xyj-&iA^Aj»^opjyljijjy>y\/[vy.y d^pJspyX^w titf. i6u; <j XjX^Xj^

^ *■ 'J0\>ttfj-*:/'^ aJ- tV AJ ^

-iX

\,Xji" cy,

-jljyX'Jr-vf * ji/-»^ "^V--" ■

f>'^jy&/ll/}^J>j4i,\i>^ii£%/£x>Cijbi/oJ\j

t^iZ-Cj ^ t; C'^yyJ ai ^ ry ■ JXa- >a J ajr

rff

■Translator is' a traitor'

J.

MjhCt* ij^o?'- - ^rH k

u f i ^ii '^yyyji

yjoy y \ Y^ "y^y.

-^Myyo^-^r

fp's

■re Gerald is Omar Khayyam and one may alpiosr dare to say Omar Khayyam is Fitz Gerald". ^

'{AJt/'tfi I/J_

/*jj/ ^4;^J^j\Clkjl/fJ'l-'^A'r'!Slf^^} '^r'€ 'A l'^

•—'-AA/A-'ji 1 tfc^jk/11—oj

Li .^_ ju.y(

1/y-i«

^ ^C&'djj) [j V V1-^ K/'

1 Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

JA; ^cP iri

-^uv?

o^j)\&^ \^j

- j^LAdy^^oh^f'/ ctyuJ-ts/nsj^yy iiW^sL^ |y ^ i -J-jw. yisy&ij^y.//>>[£} ">

ojjijj>\ ^dA-1

■i/ is '(fj1' < > u-1* ^ yo-j) o J sA 1

J'^y^'U/fdioyJ'/ \sp)j j/i ^^yjJ>&ijAtfjy'i}^J)^lJ^^jh yj''u^cf^' L&'cjjjjljiC ^yj \2~j'\39r

i£0-iJjaif-ot''>

"The rise of Muslim thought began with a period which, nough rich in original thought, was chiefly marked by

r^t/' {{jyW/w.WM iy/) /$&}>£? ai-

WA

r™ Sansk,i'- Pahl:lwi' SyAo and thp tai Ih , ,V " Abtasid ri,liph- Al-Mww, laid the foundations of his new capital. Baghdad, and he gathered round him scholars from different lands and'encouraged SSrw sc;e"'ific ^ literary worts from other hem, l' ' "l;0la"- 'eeeiving encouragement engaged themselies in trnnslalion work in their private capacity Thev were mostly Jews. Christians and new converts to Islam"; ^

- dll/vJoj; LpyCJf I I -/fe

^ ^UZr'Jj 'et t-f^cVy y ivj L rCvr l^i/iU^ddP iUt

^ .si ^

MUsijm Thoughi -- Its Origin and Achievements ai;

H-Uc/irHAP^,^^^

yjji£X'jfty>Lzi)&'*z.^-f'»'~fy^o*t'/f*-*^ij^:/t?tfd'' J-j-ji^y.-z- O^MOMO j.^^isp-^ i, 1 '^f-

i.jot

iy-KK^/ r-if' "y ^ fij* y *&■

- JiJSy)^.-Aj>/y>t£.j-,</

So^y.-Z-'i

Mj'iLi-'jIt/^-y^jyCf^fji^jijj/ij^i^j^... ji

*i-'*LfWijr''>^'o^^.L>sj»jiS'L£isifi,,i2i\l\'p-

yJ/Var-wi ijc,*/

-'^&.^ysd.^l/yjJ*tjl'l&y'jjt&Utjls:St>

t-' sy.':J> —A* ^ ^ jV^^fl//^"'i-i ^■,j'c/1

Qj^}>kvyty^j£j}/^^>',

"X-fV1

y'jbj... uXs' iJ ^

1 .Of-- I-oK</'

fir «13.,

'if- jJ

-1?^OLi^_

J/^OP3 (^ISJ/J^ Uj-J:U'^/i - u

>&^h\*djjf£C>. iffrj/L'yfr'WijJyJ ^[;J>jJj:J>d-/'j> i OS (i -4^ j^rJiAj-

/Jte-tf^L/*' </fc^, '^U-tf/^iy'i/ifij tj/<

'il^&./ifoiy QiSJj*-0jy2£Tj^j>\js£ft/\tfi - tJHsij/jjfst ]rfysj'H^J\fyiSJ^y^tf^j-ti]{y\$

' SjC

-A^

jfi/uji ^.■^Vi/ij^J',"^'^

y3jiU\Xf^iS>^^'>^ifoSo&Oi>>Wi'Jj\>i:fJ'. - iio ^is/- ^ ^ ^il/V j

jj^lij*j!}y^M-4^^fy-y'i0!i'.:'^'j:'d>

^ -y-0^^ifii

^Lsl^o&'&w.ir*'^)y:'iyjH't.x'Mi''iJ'

if--wtfi ^

Vbf

d^^-^^&^s2,y&j*j)3ji/jjp'f',)lf^l}>s'juifi

^$\?^i/^iVJiaMis>J'i/cfyo$ifo?j>v}'o\''& i <^4

^ V^j-bA' ~os,^JIA-I

4a^<^S&j4^y'-£4£^-j£'UV(i] fr^Wii4\^^/d&i*yyijfr'\;r-,:\j:\'S!}\'4!,/^-j

ij'y ^J^>, i CV (f^ ^ ^jilJ U'li

i '•i i/' i?'»i!- off

^ ^ _C^ -

-j?S

i»u; i^i^.^>y?a>\j*^iS'jJi^is'ii'W'J''oy^'-is:'

£',jlr

■AWo#^^

•V y \ mn l 10 ._-1 "T, ,«-.^il *f f* ) ,«l, ••yly 1^ V • V-ls*

-„, /^J 2i./^ A s-v ..j•» iiJjjffyj&jj^'^ vs ■ ■ y - . • x - - -

fdH

oiA^mrrro'i^-'i'iiiv '^.■?Wj_&yty.,jj*\i '

Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous in Opposition to Skeptics

~sr&i>All' ml-Athtlm

z .

It;! Wjp iJU <-4=J''^^U:^4r2^y^y

-U?'faiMi/S- ** &^y-''lisi>'ij>i,jjii/yj ^Jy —y/-^^i13^U"IjJ 1^ ■>;tr 1 fit,

. -^w/py/x,?,

J.jyi'-W^llt^^'l(fut^^'-&-'r'li,'> -Jl^

lV i/j1-^}/' ]^; y* '-^J, Js-'LA't^ir' ^

- tA''1^ '-^ ~ts X'^-J1 -^rfeii'tjU^Jii1'

. U> i —^JJC'^

0>'' i/'t'J-Jjyfi^f&.^'r'"*''-1

■J"*

-jU-/ii/yJ''/j,JiJAi/lj^

fWwtyCoitcise Cambridge History o] English Literture &S

lij?.

- -1

tX- vl,l>ui>n/<i '—■(10'^i/lti<£rUtj>ljjj>iL£vi,i/-*irtf)

(SJUIS -^XX

y^vXx:x&'^&'*-.'Kz,)'iS'*''i=x:*:si'^j\f^j I--V (/m-ijiy^^Cj^Wk^aJ-

^f^y,i^> -?/'&> "V^/-^^/sjJiii'i '</*oJ"

" y 1/ 'i3i-5|AP'«-

ftx.'"■ f'lf'f"- if^/lff-0. taS&f&tce-k

i-r"- i-fV«^

r"<.

"Dean Swift is reported (perhaps apocryphically) to have left him standing on the doorstep when he came to call, saying that if his philosophical views were correct he should be able to come in through a closed door as easily as through an open one. This tale is indeed typical of the common view of Berkley's doctrines; it was said that he represented the whole of our experience as a dream and the material world as a collection of "ideas" in the mind, dependant for its very existence on being observed. After all he explicitly denied the existence of Matter; he asserted that we perceive only "our own ideas"; and what is this but to say that we are all in dream? Why open the door if there is really no solid impenetrable door to be opened? So far from being acclaimed as the rescuer and defender of common sense. Berkley was charged with an absurd and almost frivolous indifference to the plain and fundamental convictions of all sensible men (Warnock I, p, 17)". atf

- IJ- 1 Jv Berkley. ThaJ'lulosophy of Ininiaterialium "

Vsi

^Ci/'C:^ v&'J ^ ij \/*yj ) "i^c^Ulf^ (jlt^j/-'»dr

<& "To treat more clearly and fully of certain principles laid down in the First and to place them in a new light". aD yZK^d^'-z- u/^/u^J cJ

ii//c'J t-

j) \L£fe'y>;js\*£~- IT UJJ^ IT/jyO Jd & $.J oj

lit,/' J'.t-'Pi/' ^ \\t~\\rJ'i"2LytiS)XisM^<£2 Berkley, F/ie Philosophy of Immalerialism ;e^'^(j' ^

J-i^t/.^ &^J,ts2/*y^i'^*-'jZo\j>\(fL£.

J'-yyurjJfa/jjt/Cis y 0 ^t/^i ■ 1 J^':

■^1J]yU-^^ifb^-^rij &di\lj^2jyjJ^M!i/iy

,i/j>i*i. S/, i^/^Ajj>y'^>jhiiy\J:-c£'j?ls,/li,/yy.ez-

^ -fyixiy^V- "It happened well to let you see what innocent and agreeable pleasures you lose every morning. Can there be a pleasanter time of the day or a more delightful season of year? That purple sky, these wild but sweet notes of birds, the

fragrant bloom upon the trees and flowers, the gentle influence of the rising sun -- these and a thousand nameless beauties of nature inspire the soul with secret transports; its faculties, too being at this time fresh and lively, are fit for those meditations which the solitude of a garden and tranquilii> of the morning naturally dispose us to. But I am afraid I interrupt your thoughts, for you seemed very intent on something". ^

. _ ^ fctf/V 'Richard H. Popkin & Avrum Stroll, Introductory Readings in Philosophy ilMi/

t'Ht'

j'/^y^ ^ 'lj-j3 'c^ ^ ^-^-^(^i

"I entirely agree with you as to the ill tendency of the affected doubts of some philosophers^nd fantastical conceits of others. I am even so far gone of late in this way of thinking that I have quitted several of the sublime notions I had got in their schools for vulgar opinion. And I give it you on my word since this revolt for metaphysical notions to the plain dictates of nature and common sense, I find my understanding strangely enlightened, as that I can now easily comprehend a great many things which before were all mystery and riddle". &

- jtsi—j */

? fy

</'£■1

Introductory Readings in Philosophv. ^ Richard H. Popkin & Avrum Stroll

rtiv'J.b.K T1^" a ?in CriCks !'01" rin8er- does it "Ot rend and divide the fibres of your flesh? Hyl; It does. more?"'' And When " COal b°"'S r'nBer' does » a«y Hyl: It does not. it lfh'l: tjt'rfore. you neither judge the sensation itself occasioned by the pin nor anything like it to be in the pin. you should not, conformably to what you have now granted, judge the sensation occasioned by the fire or anything like it, to be in the fire.

Hyl: Well since it must be so, I am content to yield this point and acknowledge that heat and cold are only sensations existing in our minds. But there still remain qualities enough to secure the reality of external things. Phil: But what will you say, Hylas, if it shall appear that the case is the same with regard to all other sensible qualities, and that can no more be supposed to exist without the mind than heat and cold". £2

>S^1" (V

r ^ - jyt-y ... II you can frame m your thoughts a distinct abstract idea ol motion or extension divested of all those sensible modes as swift and slow, great and small, round and square and the like which are acknowledged to exist only in the mind. I will ihen yield the point you contend for". Introduciory Readings in Philosophy <£2

' Wj" Richard H. Popkin & Avrum Stroll. Inn oductory Readings in Philosophy yo Richard H. Popkin & A vrum Stroll. ^

»£5 '-/JM&tyi&i'Jh/i ■You may now, without any laborious search into the sciences, without any subtlety of reason or tedious length of discourse, oppose and baffle the most strenuous advocate for atheism, those miserable refuges: whether in an external succession of unthinking causes and effects or in a fortuitous concourse of Atoms

J-,)\J .^iO^yj^0tid:oh>j <»A^o';>*rVJ

"You see, Hylas. the water of yonder fountain, how it is forced upwards in a round column to a certain height at which it breaks and falls back into basin from where it rose, its ascent as well as descent proceeding from the same uniform law or principle of gravitation. Just so, the same principles which, at first view, lead to skepticism, pursued to a certain point, bring men back to common sense". *£Z

huroductory Readings in Philosophy n. IPW</ Richard H. Popkin & Avrum Stroll. c&

Inlrnduciory Readings in Philosophy ^ llfi/ Richard H. Popkin & Avrum Stroll.

VIS

')/<£. o'pij ifiifcAj fo^^J&L'^Oi-jusci tj_ t>j ^rJ ^J^di Z/)JiJ/C&jifj'yo/i l^yi ^f/Cs ijj^,/^/ J>\0>>>v't>^^.^>£'/s-y SJiJ^JjiJ $ fj* L" Dfj&i} Lf^/l

^^/jl'l/iy^d.^,&\i&jbf.fyjsy/J//JjJ~rfJL:jij>hlj^'s£ *£~''tfy-$lf" j'J3^''(/"i/^i KJ 1 ^/'-^^iS3/03 f-Jk jV*" iiyUiT i6L;^ u?/fj(^. 't ^

iW^/

10)£C>-^-L?j J^ 'y*w-i^<!'J^»'^,;

l-r'</^V'ri:i^ «£^

The Psychology Unwin of Leadership -tdJi'Sifa

)}i-jl ^UlUa^l jJjlA11 w*^-'£?•<£-& ^ t^u> 'Wild but sweet

notes of birds' 'Swift ;>) 'Abstract idea of Motion and. Exten- - sion' 'Yield the point' *nd slow'

i jCrfdo^JUV^-r^ J

"fo ^" tV "-^ '&J>JJ\/IJuj>'-' ' -A^ ^

i/u. i " a5 13 iJ) A5 l gtrOZ*11

i &U-yJ\i/iSoSjei^Wj falO/fi Poetic License

^Ub^/ ": eLr-lJtLo1^ b^*- ^t-L li" I 'Jj b

)(/< "^L-j a£C

YH>

-Ou/identify

oy*y ■—'Cfi if^ i WHKJOS To the Nations '^'^--^/[j)\

fi/i fy^J- tio/^jimr.-jiy-jty

|Ci'yVa,'tt-»^iJU!>jjJi£/y «£? rt/'J^Vft'/Vt-' ^

tfP.!pi;^/s^fk>,Li?^Ji/^i/^'^>^ai

, ' ■■^r (■i)i p .1 -* ^'>-\ pjis -i. £?>-!-

-» f/ieff-' tty'&.f O-vi/J'M «•»■ ■■* j&fyf-r

o i i^i^uv1 ^ t wy. yjoiyA^y-'>'—■ ^r^o^dy

-if Qyt&yjjj? ^e^y^jliL-S^X^P, y^yfj\y\^^yioj\w^yy>is/lij^^yjy>^ y cpj 'j^^-A-J ^ ^

'f k W^i/' -&>J!'^c/i

^)%^Pojyy^jy;^yj]j)\ &Jj*L dpypfojis/i ^^y^-;''s4t/^ b J

yoypp^Stpy^f/y^y^^^yjy^ i/h/1 V^o ^■■?('&J\o>yiVja£-bj}4Zr& 1^

/u t&ify'ijji) ^L^^Pj^ojjy/J^yJ^y-^'P'i:}. V j^yj^j^' 'i/yz—Pxy^PA b yjj'j'f t ixo^P^ itdt^M ijjfAi i^jioj Ayytyy'^'Pij ^^3 jy r^

c-Jk-i^ij? ''-T' ->^ii ^yyjjjy^j'j

' (ypj vyy^4 ^

r* i

'j, -/jp^/^y y(fr^(C'j:4&0?*r/c&/'4

'dosiA fy- ■0^iy^i(y-/.(hv.^>'^'-if^yAcs.

Jt/j- >V^1r/f|

i^ix i: ^O'S v/1 J' 1 - -^r crfj^X1 ii^ ^ ^

(\Ji^j,y\;Mh,r/'Jb^jJ-^a>j'ii^'/(l*/oi'i''

Jl J tftf^,/'- t-a^i J-^ a j-i '

-"ij"Vrti" ^

Yif

i5i<*.i-*^y{4->Mtiv^^j*r^ii'&biri//jtfj

'^Jj'y^cf^bb *>/J< -jbb'bj ^

iJfyiaU.ffxlrl^-.^.j utopia ^J^^A'i^-ii^ls.yi"

^r (/^1/J t-^Y* 'yi^ )Y*,,)^-

afi^i ■Mif^ifjlO'Jij! ijiA,! •<z:rifoy'.*y/tf?jyi?jJ'Lbbj'i^ri/

ihfith i

J.te^i-d\},&^j>bJi>^ji\&r.i$l.iiy&yxwlf

^ u'' Vj

y<.r

J\jff)J&)f0^03//-UtJ^J^iSji4jlj\>Jj}^ljij!}fLZS-£lj 1 - b oj^/-J>j~&D i^y^- *

^Md JAJsUay If J>J-> *—■ Jil&ij'

opiyyjbi'^^^j^yj-j/yoy^/^y y - <=r y^yi)>yy^^tpv -Jtjh ovy&j jyo?^3

- Jus3UtjU^y^^^Jjj>J^-}JiwJ^r^6>-=^i- ^ - ^ ^ t&sy/jj -^yy y>y ^y^r cyy-y*- ■j^y'yy/yyy^jy^yy - y/jbyy/^yj-y

^j^/yjo&^'^yy'&yyyoy-^yy

i-^c/ oil a^"

d] '/-i- '^-by^iSSV.Jj).y

d i /^j:y. c d>r. fdrj ijS/'j jjj - ^ ^Jir^'^.^j*->^d'ij'\--..jlu~^,i\iJj'j,^cji'

Jdptjj^. ^j Isjj i/i/l/^ -'1^ J '/-i^Jjd-CJt L

J id

^ - •' ifX t

i^iJk-/

"'^'J 'A^'1 "i ^-J Jf

mj ffidV'f £■ iit.iul/'(^yjoo''f,y1i/^ ^

no

/ u^iiotivy ^tUsii/j'H-

^yy^o^hiyy'y^i^^^yy'yy^'1"^

jiX^(}y^yy-'yfitfJA^y-^y'',:j''°'^' ^

*y. ^■ ^yyyd-^'yj^ ^y^i ^ ^ ^ ^

fj'y^Cy yyy^'ijrp ]J' '''^'-■y'r'^y J^/>\>y '^-i-CJ'ySi)/',y - ^Vj/jey^yiS'/jy. ^yyy^/A^y.yy^&yy^y^ .wyjyw-jixu-. y? 'y*' ^

h "i/^. u?A'$£A Oyfi fci/^f^JjJ, '4d}AzrjjyA.j,>tfJtj- AQJ Afrffi<!*sj)\jL:> & Lf'/Zist^fA'cjitX i "jj! 'yijiifM '^V'/^^/i

AJ.J4 Jjst}Q'J^Afjl

o^ "/M ' 'X>bj(W" &} ^ A=l o

A&l-P^^X}j O)J})/. u ksJlftA v

A-c/j) \*0£)tyjA-1 i lifj'-jsi

A* kdif^'A ^tf/fljf:/of^/j>o\ \sAoh)\ /o^y

i Ajj l/tj \jA/£,$ i^Ji/iJ'i'jiyi

^jll/fe>(/J ''fJ A^jIJ&jj ' - H-'Jliilffj^ c£$

-■^rii/^Al^QUjjX i^s fat c//fi!y

J^ly&&j'/^i}i'\^st£y-lfiJyyc/i*yd'jt,\>j. J.j (^>'J^yJj /u-

'v c/ittZiSi&'W* 'yj-'i •Jif-tjtJOitisifczUjicCiti "oj&U'ai" i/'/r'fl "i/t^K/1

ells 'i/y£ Lii ^ jys i jU>J* H t ds&x+l/i 0KfJ^a4i3fasii&>c/i*r

■/jv^yl&ty^.ii/>/y^isoi':ij^b ' y.syVjijiijijfyyjisJv ij

if. j»y]JysyJy'si'*zr.y.j°>ii^su\ys>iJ^c^*^ei^'ifi c/*&j?c/iJiiicC-/a'l' rfuA&i)

i [p>ji oU*^ 'O*

uxj3' (S*^) ^

y< *

Relevant

oULpll(/f'^y*(fJi/1 v'&ijp'

& >/^0'& h^A ytCt^'i t^n^'i

•4£- z'/1-—'''

"And now if we were to tell the truth?.... If in this world of deceptions, we called frankness to the rescue: if we looked at the facts as they are, whatever they may be"? ' ^'>-j^ -r

-uiw,- i/fy-i 'yfj^'

JrV/'cT" ijyj' is^&\ j "r nitu'inwif^'Myjjfytfeyy* &

ll'j''<l)'lct-'0'lfa ^ I'l/' 'jfLfUljl ' ai." fuf* To the Nations aS"

"It is the logical expected result of selfish politics and unscrupulous ambition, the ■ necessary product of material greed, the price for the shameless or hypocritical iniquities of all. For all fostered in themselves, whether apparent or

"It is the war of the hungry eating were varied. But by dint of exerc.smgtnein ineynavc ended in meeting. The earth is small. And now they are

profit for them, and its great lesson without fruit for others, that so much suffering and heroism, so many crimes even, so many sacrifices, such a bloody holocaust of nations and all those tears and all that blood will have no other effect than to give them free license to begin again tomorrow their work of yesterday?" Mi/' To the Nations a-' e i/'fct ^

ll-i-i/ To the Nations

r*.

conflicts", aif * a" "PPOfooHy for fresh

if-•l-c " y yfl/ls-^o-ri '-iS. ^--'"L. ' - C ^O'dk^-'C^-ir IX^C r^t'c '(/

' ^-r"1 ^-yj'y/'fyjify greeds. History "will of Thern'rh ,0'" ,0 SerVe ,he'r knowledge but they nut it tn pv i acquired much made of progress? A sou ll rh n PUrP0Se- What have ^ means of domination What havl fh an e80tistical and material Prrvilege ca,c„,rd\!h:Lha Sr'heiff"113"00^ hypocritical pretext coverino ,Z firearms. A

possesses to he hoogh. a„d sold.^ca^o t

)* (S * To the Nations " ^jS ** tf To the Nations ^ j1'"C/^l\ " ^

fAI

j,I -suyj^y/^f'v

"Nations, living members of a body which is ignorant of itself, members bleeding through one another, the hour is come to put an end to your mutual martyrdom, in becoming conscious that you are but one and the same flesh. Awaken to Humanity". 4^ JJ ojijii CpijyJ'u t/fssf

J".

!f >r->t'

r\2i 1 1 IJ ^^

L Jyiy oj ls^oJyUifc;^lsh&Lje-(j*'>j{c c cj 1 " To the Xaiiims af^ ** {/{ ^

Y*r

ou),/^

Vuf-L/J!^^i'j ^ Ww^KjjM i(f,>/ ul "Unscruplous ambition", "the same demon and the same beast of prey", "glutted with conquest", "members bleeding

^(•/'y If through one another", "A bloody holocaust of nations"

^Cjj> i icZyJI

C '•jS&J ■■

rs < 'c/^W <£ IlltS' 1\W&X(3>My^(tffey.'/1'. eg

yfAjf / rmrjAJ "Aj" *£

A Ge..eml His,ory ^^lX/l-l/!j/[i>>-*z-C>-*lU'.n'-'-- of EuroprWO-mO)

*&:& yiUf ui^CjijVy

UfilAfui 1^47»% &r WI^-O^

ru-^ifp <i^i ^ ii/J^Y"' 0J'/&

.">1,4\-AS"SlY)P-'dj)G/i-£?J hpASi-Alj 'tY- dAP^Uf il^lJl ^a, 'tY't-i-XW" ^-jYxJ' ■j^-P^-'' 01". J7 ^ ■■•^r'^'A^ Jc' pp "'"i-Vy tyj uC^ ^4 7 "6,"1

A. y <I L^>fUU^ y ai-d

'r'Ji/-i^-^'>0'^o^. a-v'i^'wV! t/,'«T-tfI/j-5/.^J;

'■'■^'■'■J^I^ISjfl.l J,UU?,a;&^.r iSM.* . w... .,

_)

^yv^/»j&^^jj'cLr£^i[i(j,[-s

t '{jj fo^'J'bify?' rfdshj lit <^^j^i^//i^yOifJu -ci^J'^j 'i^o^l/j,

("& lbs j U>£ u-^i '^jc

.(pc'fe.o &*'?}£■ ^ liu&ft'V tfuscsfe'-j ^ir2

(i^i^u-y^ ijjji$j(< i^ijif i yjjjsyjytyiftyj-j^o1 j£ 'hii'-^-C/Ui (/rJ^iS^'i/iy^ jOJiJ'ju itfij. (^((fjy

-y/^yy't^

/o) i^J %> i Ify-^-lj^/o? y ^yy^/o} ^/tZr-j/x^yu y-^r

/d)}y]j

j'^jijpdds

J&S>yy-j.j^y&yisdPy^d&yp y - ^yy ifi/'jiji iij/.(/.

rd1 (j^; yd'hy ^

t/ j, J ■-''^ 'sftfjp'c. ^-V^. ^. 'Jj^s^oUfi: t-vjii- u>y -LfirM ^'(/i^ii'Jjijjt^irifU^jt

"The whole course of history is very conveniently divided into three periods -- the Ancient, the Medieval'and the Modern. Generally fixed dates have been assigned for the beginning and the end of each of these. They have, then, been further divided and sub-divided and each division has received a particular name. While this has been more or less convenient and justifiable, the divisions have often been treated so mechanically as to make a totally wrong impression, specially on the minds of students who are just beginning the study; for if there is anything that is firmly held by all good historians today; it is the continuity of history. There are no real breaks in its course".

"During the first two hundred years of the church's existence, its actual organization was very loose. Each bishop was practically independent of all other bishops. But there was a steady development throughout the church toward a closer union of all its parts. The magnificient political and civil organization of the empire furnished an excellent model, which was copied by the church almost unconsciously". 4^" Jl/' ^ Ai/' '-4 General History of Europe (350-i900) " ^

'"(f A Central Hisiory of Europe (35 ) 1000) a^."

-tiyT^y'

>j^.^}t!5o^^J'>{i/Ji^Ji^-i^d,JW''^- Macmillan

yyy^vy ^

^ "■ i/j '■t/U/^yi'" - Eminem Men of Science

Long's Pioneers of Science & Invenlion

oic/(<:(f!yy'y'>/yj/ijj>>,u^isf>v(ie>'6''i{'j,ay

'i/lypb/ f 'u? 'v'^p' ?C

ot/ft ie^-yyyftisyJ^iy^yrJ'o^.ry^ey

-»^/vy^/'/ KV// /g>^^UU{f«s^^ t Pipneers of Science

ji'Jlfl/£ l1

^i/ujy^r^ '•Vj'^lSA ^o^b') ^ ^

fAA

^'-0^'^u-j^/L" * Jjioisi. f^S^ijJ^Oj/.,

WSUfy-* eHiUir*-"' '/&>*-* cSisf-" cwrf - ia

d^^'^i/l''^i/'b/ut^jiljZ'J*'ispyt£&i,ljj

ptz/wi^ 'h&'iljuZiZySJ^^Jr

l/^^-J-^rJC/'/o^Ot'iTS^'ijy-^i/^.y^J'^

xf* , - , '^^y,

I'S ' ji^Jiy ^ \Siul/^pwf&

iiJj^jV'Mjcsh&'^itfifl tjji&si '(fiW ^ i) lsJ^L^J if

i/\Jj iji '£'^}'-? u - it&hi/j^i&jj u " ijt\t/&\j>\) mL"J* is OlA

jfCr.^-^-i/itL-^ Uc:(^ IH) iJ ^iJtjj^J^/Jiyi/OL'^d-i^l £(/, <*£-. \jJ^j^/<^/iJA2^\^J~]%/^*=-rC i> £cSi/dsf-?

ijj ji^ 'o/X^fad Jcfi/df '&

i> ytftyt/*!/* '/di 01/vH^vo^-t^ifi/

$0^- ■'- "^r jd^&///*&

w-

i 6^.1^O/Jjjj* 1

ijJh'tfj .j /A

Vj?*zriSl/\i)/i(j'%lez. ISMJ'/L

L/ i-Zp^J^C \6fy^(/h>l & ijiif-

^ C/jJ-IS/^'juJA /" - r

-{/^j it.& jyjL y j ^ jL^yyyj-oy^ *- i/U ifj' I uCt/ ^ J^i- ^ 0 ^tS^'^yo U-^r

(^=-Ul trC^ ^/'-i-J^ " < 'i/y" (/'/'j/0 Oty)>ts£l lil it^vVl/U "'"[/oj^* IjjyfihS

Uu" iyyM <£*■ <ia-<Ac/'''LyVobA"

rqi

oti'if1 ^ 01/ i-""- VJu? -^rJ/

- J U;l^ l^/Lf

ifi/sj ydtfo/s' ^"(/f^i/yJ^-i - l? u^i vfrjJuvfj' tfjsL^J<*fLjj^J,j>jZ(/i'i/i/&Jy(sjm*(f^i '^.j,. u

■ l/j&lftfffMi} fy&tfijvl) ^ ^ ^ V1 ^

^ '*Zr ^J&iji jC; t i-'^y-Jj-Ji

0]/y? 'J^ Oy^ U;/\y^ij \y t&J-.//' /Js?.^y t^L/, ' ^ The Koran Interpreted (W**) i}P o 1/ "oy^V1 ^v-

- \j>(JfM}</tJ)£'jjstf'2r>' (SJ/yM i/ii/n (Sfr&is&iH'teot/

<£jyt iy\

^o'}^ - Andre du Ryer

Xtr

"The Alcoran of Mahomet, translated out of Arabick into French by the Sieur du Ryer, Lord of Malzair and Resident for the French King, at Alexandria. And Newly Englished for the satisfaction of aU that desire to look into the Turikh Vanities. To which is prefixed, the life of Mahomet, the Prophet of the Turks and Author of the Alcoran. With a needful Caveat or Admonition for them who desire to know what use may be made of or if there be danger in reading the Alcoran".

- 0y;>?(/. "'^'j (j &{?[/OIJ /jy*=£ -zZtiji issilip

^ yx/o'j'y isij ^ (Maracci

i.fj i Preface to The Koran Inicrpreicd { Arberry) •.j ly ^

iX*. ^ '/ ifs^'.y^-i^j' '^j/^~ z ^

-li c/iili^ifi!, '(Jh^fa/i/.ti>%z/ifj!/^J'(S>fyb'

<£2&1 \/ji

^ u>syh'tS&jl'^W'^& ^(p^f o;/-,!^ -''^f-^ tVy j/J'

Wherry ^t^/c y/iW^^(PJ-o^/iy>'\ys.Aj^\#& ■ M ^US i^o'y-

*>\jJ'jji'Wt)\ "c^jJ\"(/JU-"MyJjv

ipiJ-tfy ' - i£fao\pJj*Jj

,pfenning of the $jS'JlSy/\ &\^Cij3's\b^ifyJt\tj\ij(jj)\,ij;\J\zJt*\/(()/\Z' Glorious Quran &Ji/J

t*. 'J : U \J^J\ -

"The book is here rendered almost literally and every effort has been made to choose befitting language. But the result is not the Glorious Quran, that inimitable symphony, the very sounds of which move man to tears and ecstasy. It is only an attempt to present the meaning of the Quran — and peradventure something of the charm — in English". idof&s Ijy&hjp 11 ^

ft/ < Translator's Foreword -- Holy Quran ^

rid

l/tr'y Blank Verse jy^^A/'^1 fyiydtfi&u1

o'y'jfL /</^ Y^' jjtyi5 ^ jUjo^ UA^J^Q'Joi/tz-. ^ oj i o)^C^j[/,o)£if*^J jjj 0)>£(/\ --£j- Clf iif rj31^ £,j;Jij''-d)i-fi}K/^d-^i uddid

^jj'sj>l{l&s^ia>j^riyi cu

sJj ^j/^d/Ji(j3/%^d^\y't J ^ ^'-4- o^/^y.t/^' ",di&(^sCii/-<srfo[/s/jiji/>Ji')J UUtSds,^- ViJeL-/ JU t-'^ ) jf^-c>-' ^■iyXd>'*i>J>/j'QJj/^y^lsJ

it/<JAO')SJitfwslywi'd' ^

'^r&t

iji£\s*4<£j'^A\.-'^/d^]J^yy--^J.t]^ /]&,.. ^'(fi^'c/i^iyi tZ-jJjl Ir^j Joj/Std

^yu^^-ifcCy^^i L'j u^pOy^. j\ > ^/l/^cC-O^J^^y^ij/- ^r Sf'c ^y^yi' -^d1 '^yyyy^yO^^1^ y^y* y/yy^j^A^^/iSi '"/"si ^'/"Se^Js^

y-j^jA-j/c&jy^j i ^J-yy > ^y^/^yipjfjs^yys-jj^yj^y^uy^

Y^yijAolyy* <&

~}'*jO<d~j',£L^- jy'if.ii ' i/J ejci^»j'^il& l^/

-iftfife/d'

(n/) ISjaI&SJ 'j' 1. All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. 2. The Beneficient, the Merciful, 3. Master of the day of requital. 4. Thee do we serve and Thee do we ask for help. 5. Guide us on the right path. 6. The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed favours. 7. Not of those upon whom wrath is brought down, nor of those who go astray.

•' (d ' (/-> J ^lJj) In (»-■?) 1. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. 2. The Beneficient. the Merciful.

HA

3. Owner of the Day of Judgement. 4. Thee (alone) we worship. Thee (alone) we ask for help. 5. Show us the straight path. 6. The path of those whom Thou hast favoured. 7. Not (the path) of those who earn Thine anger nor of those who go aftray.

° to 1. Praise be to Allah, The cherisher and sustainer of the worlds. 2. Most Gracious, Most Merciful. 3. Master of the Day of Judgement. 4. Thee do we worship and Thine aid we seek. 5. Show us the straight path. 6. The way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace. 7. Those whose (portion) is not wrath and who go not astray.

.■(It/) 1. All praise unto Allah. Lord of the worlds 2. The Compassionate, the Merciful 3. Sovereign of the Day of Reckoning 4. Thee alone we worship, and Thee alone we seek help 5. Guide us in the straight path 6. On the path of those whom Thou hast favoured 7. On whom Thy indignation has not befallen, and who have

not gone astray. V&tfiKtiij"! UV'

Xordof J.O'fiJ-'J'Zr-jUj^iwA the Worlds*

CherisherandSustaioer-

"Master- Jrhjtf-j/1-^^"'-^1' hi ■^!hi[iJ1i'^--'';<'*ii-':i-'iit' "Sovereign-

-awner-

■On the path pf those whom Thou hast favoured"

■Upon whom wrath is brought down Ji-y^V-fT-.j^ ■ Wrath- J'hi L'>

^dlJ.aidl^lld1'! "Anger" ■j^.■■yOo_tJjy>lJji"f' Tndignalion'ai-ait/'ai-Pf1 tily^Xr ari X/^^^Xr^X^-^hlrrV'tl^/je1''' 'X1 i'1

afi-airrjV-l|i--Pr-rjij' i-Angor ' jl'

r iri^uji/; p>^ U ^JJi^j^tii "iV' iS-^if-j/^ 0)

I All praise is due to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth and made the darkness and the light, yet those who disbelieve set up equals with their Lord. 2. He it is who created you from clay, then he decreed a term, and there is a term named with Him, still you dispute. 3. And He is Allah in the heavens and in the earth. He knows your secret (thoughts) and your open (words) and He knows what you earn.

1. Praise be to Allah, who hath created the heavens and the earth, and hath appointed darkness and light; Yet those who disbelieve ascribe rivals unto their Lord. 2. He it is who hath created you from clay, hath decreed a term for you. A term is fixed with Him. Yet still ye doubt. 3. He is Allah in the heavens and in the earth. He knoweth bothyour secret and your utterance, and He knoweth what ye

IV.) 1. Praise be to Allah who created the heavens and the earth and made the Darkness and the light; yet those who reject Faith hold (others) as equal with their Guardian-Lord. 2. He it is who created you from clay, and then decreed a stated term (for you). And there is in his presence another determined term; yet ye doubt within yourselves!

f-l

3. And He is Allah in the heavens and on earth. He knoweth what ye hide and what ye reveal, and He knoweth the (recompense) which ye earn (by your deeds) 1 ^ c/' (P t ^ ^

1. All praise to Allah, who created heavens and the earth and made darkness and the light, yet those who disbelieve equalize others with their Lord. 2. He h is who created you of clay and then decreed a term - - a term determined is with Him -- and yet you waver. 3. He is Allah in heavens and earth. He knows your secret and your publishment and He knows what you earn. ofaz'J 1

D J>\ L "Light" ^ "Darkness"

^jt^J^Z-Lord" ^/"Guardian-Lord"^

Equalize Others with their ^'• Set up equals with^heir^J^^t^y^Jt .i-ord Hold (others) as equal with their '-t/ Lord l/' Ascriberivals unto their Lord Guardian-Lord

jcd- still you dispute Zci-ZZ** ^ ^yet still ye doubt f't/'-i-

f-f

ye doubt within yourselves ^/dispute ^"JLjIjtfi&iJJjjl

t'O'p'V.Jl IpV^' SrJ^Vfc- waver doubt

He knows your secret and your publishment word,)l thought'

JyV.

(/jty. '^/utterance ^ifc^j iP"

And hath appointed-i-Jl^-^V '3 "made darkness^^>'2^''t'''^-vt?''''^r^<::;r'^darkness and light"

^ l/jmd light" Appointed^^^s^u^j^J^lij^' sy^/Lry^LLj/r' UiCi

-UyjA^V; "Made"

1^? ^ v' [(y^-*==rtr^1-'

f.r

l I J1 ■ j!/!?1-^

yo i Yf> <_VjtL<^4*'OltXC- Y\bJ> (^

24. And she certainly desired to be with him and he too would have desired to be with her. were it not that he had seen the manifest evidence of his Lord. Thus (it was) that we might turn away from him evil and indecency, for he was one of our purified servants. 25. And they strove one another to get first to the door, and she rent his shirt from behind and they met her husband at the door. She said: "What is the punishment of him wh6 intends evil to thy wife except imprisonment or a painful chastisement?"

24. She verily desired him, and he would have desired her if it had not been that he saw the argument of his Lord. Thus it was that we might ward off from him evil and lewdness. Lo! he was of our chosen slaves. 25. And they reached with one another to the door, and she tore his shirt from behind, and they met her lord and master at the door. She said; "What shall be his reward, who wished evil to thy folk, save prison or a painful doom?"

24. And with passion she did desire him, and he would have desired her. but that he saw the evidence of his Lord: thus (did we order) that we might turn away from him (all) evil and shameful deeds for he was one of our chosen servants, sincere and purified. 25. So they both raced each other to the door, and she tore his shirt from the back: They both found her lord near the door. She said; "What is the (fitting) punishment for one who formed an evil design against thy wife, but prison or a grievous chastisement?"

C-f

rrv: (£)ibwtJL&Z/f#) 24. And assuredly she besought him, and he would have besought her, were it not that he had seen the argument of his Lord. Thus we did, in order that we might avert from him all evil and indecency, verily he was a single-hearted bondsman of ours. 25. And the two raced to the door, and she rent his shirt from behind. And the two met her master at the door. She said: 'What is the meed of him who intended evil towards thy household except that he be imprisoned or an afflictive chastisement?"

"And - assuredly she besought him"

beseech" ^ "And she —;1 -

(/ certainly desired to be with him" "She

■ verily desired him"

" ^cc/^r- v v "Singlehearted bondsman of ours"

'd ifi ^

r-a

^J\^L>\ji"j^ "Household"■*4-^' <^-^Al-'^l "Meed -J.^i^J}^"^- "Afflictive Chastisement'

11 r^i.-c^1 -e/'L^j olt-f'JAf

56. In them are those who restrained their eyes; before them neither men nor jinni will have touched them. 57. Which then of the bounties of your Lord will you reject? 58. As though they were rubies and pearls 59. Which then.... 60. Is the reward of goodness aught but goodness? 61. Which then.... 62. And besides these two are two (other) 63. Which then.... 64. Both inclining to blackness 65. Which then.... 66. In both of them are two springs gushing forth.

■ (vi 56. Therein are those of modest gaze, whom neither man nor jinn will have touched before them.

57. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? 58. (In beauty) like jacynth and the coral stone. 59. Which is it.... 60. Is the reward of goodness save goodness? 61. Which is it.... 62. And besides them are two other gardens. 63. Which is it.... 64. Dark green with foliage 65. Which is it..., 66. Wherein are two abundant springs.

<.U ' ("£) 56. In them will be maidens chaste restraining their glances whom no man or jinn before them has touched 57. Then which of the favours of your Lord will ye deny? 58. Like unto rubies and coral. 59. Then which.... 60. Is there any reward for good -- other than good? 61. Then which.... 62. And besides these two there are two other gardens. 63. Then which.... 64. Dark green in colour (from plentiful watering). 65. Then which.... 66. In them (each) will be two springs pouring forth (water) in continuous abundance.

jrrj": (O) 56 Therein shall be damsels of refraining looks, touched by neither man nor jinn.

f-i

57. Which, then, of the benefits of your Lord will you twain deny? 58. Like rubies and coral 59. Which, then.... 60. Is the recompense for good other than good? 61. Which, then.... 62. And below the two, there will be two other gardens. 63. Which, then.... 64. Dark green 65. Which, then.... 66. In them will be two fountains gushing forth.

I "Will you deny^'C/ 'Will you reject"

• -will you twain deny" -tZ-Xfrf-JiiJ Reject

"In them are those—\L3j^a-1IOl_J^D f "There are those of l/who restrained their eyes" "In them will be (maidens) modest gaze"

chaste, restraining their glances" "There "Damsels" - ifi "Maidens" Ji^t^t'^are those"

I^CJL->^ I f \S the recompense for good"

f'A

goodness other than good?

- Dark green -jr ^Vl/with foliage

- Both inclining to blackness •.^dji./^/

"Two fountains gushing forth" -d^ VJ '{diohohyy.^ c^J "Two springs pouring forth —

Wherein are two abundant springs" -ij' (water)" Water t/!-«=^-

t-zi ^

gushingforth

^ '1 ^ j^; lA^^,f

& iSjlM k ^y^/c/ dyc^^ytf^'y^t ^^

f.q

j^i, ijj+j itj u^s^Z/i /zy^jZi i!/ w I ^ CjjL') v H/ "j^-L^

^fjilllA^.. Ajl jZiS-^i ^ij-i/Mj^/'z^-y^ i/'isff/d1*''

(IllAl^^/ ^ j L' i (' 11 i'^l Jr*'liy

- JiZZ^'^'iiM'i/f'te'fi -*r (-^. r. i^ X'4 ^ V-^ ^Ar"

History of European Morals ,^ySisyM^jioifrixtfjJ\.ly^^/.J>iZ>

^ZZ'JVJA '^jio^ 'iZ 'Li-^i^ifi/' ■

vji/dJ'jyitiJ ^ o'j ^ Z'^Z^. Jj/?; - ty'f ^L&ZW'tfwjriyJiitf.jJifty itfUsZ/J,i/'. A

philosophise Z

fl*

\j\\J fy^& ^J&o/jj'o) . Cs ^j/ / UOc^U* ^tf jVi//VO& ^j?0^j'i}y/dj&'>2.

oju itS^/i-J" ({£$>) i

i^L/'crf^c/i/1 - t/ ' H IK ^ t ^jI y i^i K ^ IK 2^'

J^JJCJII/L/I0-'Ms^OI(jt"J^CJI'~ f _-__ fajrt>£&

oX\-XX^^ or <^Q Ls C$ i j} XX^-JX^-^. ^ J i/-" - sisjJ'X]j3S

V'^d".1 'U:'&.-> ^

'(XX-r^^o* ^'c X- jy ^ cAiSj&l3*LoJ61 1/ yfjdJLX J

ftl

i. - jy ^yl" i i/faj-jSi

^tft&u^/s>l-*ri/d(fi> O&J^t/jjj/]ji^i

v1-

^ ^ Ji^'j i^^

-^ws?!*-^* AcjA' -^J1)-^ A" ^ i^JJJMliS^ifJlPlSlt^ JyV

JiM'i -^l/u| ofyl/t-Syjj'&'A&jSjJ 1 ly 1^

£"-$(/ui t/j ^ t^i;^^

{/. I^ Lv lj d1- It'O&Al/jP'OW'LCc/^^Ld^'^r A' /

'^r ry&'OWiJiP' 'iAi/>h"

LU-j-Ly }jhj,cy, cAtfhjyJi,

f\y

—r'.vd J j ^ ^iJb

^ S ^ J1^/^ (/j p^<J

>'^J,C'jyfij&jZ)d&]lsliJi>.cSrt;\s\,\Jytfy\y

.^yg.tjjy /jX lyjll'l

iSnyy^u ^J 1 y^j^w, ^ijiA-j\^j,i£y.jy^](lsi:yuyliy¥,y,yjift\J_6r

<://> tf^-yjL-y. tf$^jtuy^-0&l\y'(SjjfJi/\sy'uZ,t!J,i/)££ljl/Liy,

Jrj^-j'^/^-^-^- ivy!Jjy>' IT LP ^ Lr i? C l^^'/i-i^/i/V >>Tj)j^A_-i '^: J^^yW ^^r ^I ;ty/oife-SC^Zj'^'jy^''v/^—ii

-^cJ{^J&Jj££ul>r^^^li>b>lis/

\i> irL^i^ciw^1 Kjj^^ i >1.; fyj5\>Xi^£^^{s>^fa&['f-^-'^-'*bW.J

IJJJJ U^tLv^- iflldif/^JS^is'^ !OpS

Xj ■f&xx rtt^/jilf.JiO^^Orf^ijXj^ttzJtjJ -

JJ> - Ji^^/\j&\>\S/t*/*Z~d\jA iJfJ vj,

io Aiv

&1 'yt-" ^ ijifyt- iyjjl/iy

i?obiZM'&'^j'i/>t^i?i,^\^o&So>piS'iiS,

J/2(^1*4-> ^ '2~j*y*yyy yy. tefyj- y['-y- Petty optimism Jyytjijjpt -^yO^^^ip/yr £\yi

f\o

;'l^!jl/j'#C'Ju&fj:ll/t^i/cl)^Jf:Jl>l//)''i^'l/^r

^'ojM'jJij i;^ ^h^'i/. i \(/.ojt 1^/4^-jy.O^; ^tff.

L? J '£-- l^ot/U (Si OK Ofjtojp 1/

^r-^^'lj'}j_! "J& i}li'/Ji^l^^(/^jAU,riJ''

flH

Sweeping IT statement

o i^ U^J /

"I have endeavoured to carry into it a judicial impartiality, and I trust that the attempt, however, imperfect, may not be wholly useless to my readers." ^t^-x \s£j>u\. "cx^jJ JiJ^I ^>1' "

fc^/l

i^/i- ^^^yixyixia^,^/

r't/' (J^V 'f*"^ v^' ^^ XIV if "History of European Morals qL>

Y^ifi "fc^VS

fU

2- 4£&if''^&-jy-t->/'j}Ji^

dJ^'^f"' ^''—^ ^ '■jt' ([\)/\> ^Mi/d /'—^ i/^

y^ij ^'^'jij'.- t/y j ^ y^j}'3 j ^ -

■■LiJ^i^yS''

-^/^a'l^^l^^JO)1'ijil-"l>Jv'-'l'i^i/^J-'^- Jn^f Epicureans Jcjjj/tfp J'l ( Stoic 'T"

1

^yA;M-j,y.*j\}*. C^y^a^i -. o if^^i&''=:-^iiiil'Ji,iiyy--iyl/i'iji^litfjiiii,j--i£/ ^j-o'Ly^>Uoy^oi-^J^oij^uydoy\(

^r/jt-fij 1^pV

-c/jxtyi - c "A brief enquiry into Ihe nature and foundations of morals appears as obv.ous. and indeed, almost an indispensable

'''J^J'$^$k''^i!j&rpA-\yy)tf,ii,j,j,UiiJls js

flQ

preliminary, to any examination of moral progress of Europe. Unfortunately, however, such an enquiry is beset with serious difficulties, arising in part from the extreme multiplicity of detail which systems of moral philosophy present, and in part from a fundamental antagonism of principles, dividing them into two opposing groups. The great controversy, springing from the rival claims of intuition and utility to be regarded as the supreme regulator of moral distinctions, may be dimly traced in the division between Plato and Aristotle; it appeared more clearly in the division between the Stoics and Epicureans', but it has only acquired its full distinctness of definition, and the importance of the questions depending on it has only been fully appreciated, in modern limes, under the influence of such writers as Cudworth, Clarke and Butler upon the one side, and Hobbes, Helvetius and Bentham on the other."

V-jJ* fa.'

"intuition" "Utility" "Stoics" "Epicurean"

"EpicureansV'lc'^/^^"'ntuition^^Ji^^l^jy^^

1,/*" History of European Morals (Vol.1)

oj>'\^ WjiJl I$>j£ OifStfi-J- Ifl^jlrJl#

iZj'^iSjJSr^jJj^jisJ, 1^1^^

^ - ■^riS'^iP "Considered simply in the light of a prudential scheme there are only two possible objections that could be brought against this theory. It might be said that the amount of virtue required for entering heaven was not defined, and that therefore, it would be possible to enjoy some vices, on earth with impumty. To this, however, it is answered that the very

indefmiteness of the requirement renders zealous piety a matter of prudence, and also that there is probably a graduated scale of rewards and punishments adapted to every variety of merit and demerit. It might be said too that present pleasures are at least certain, and that those of another world are not equally so. It is answered that the rewards and punishments offered in another world are so transcendentally great, that according to the rules of ordinary prudence if there were only a probability, or even a bare possibility, of

ic- V<"3J,>l£/lr" Jit

ffl their being real, a wise man should regulate his course with a view to them."

i^Lsj1 >/j)i j(£y>

O'c^ui J1 ^ 1

"This distinction of kind has been neglected or denied by most utilitarian writers, and although an attempt has recently been made to introduce it into the system, it appears manifestly incompatible with its principles."

"But neither the beauty of its sacred writings, nor the perfection of its religious services, could have achieved this great result without the introduction of new motives to virtue. These may be either interested or disinterested, and in both spheres the influence of Christianity was very great. In the first, it effected a complete revolution by its .teaching concerning the nature of sin. The doctrine of a future life was far too vague among the pagans to exercise any powerful U- iS^/1 History of European Morals (Vol. I).a-^

9*-A9tA' History of European Morals (Vol. I) ^ rS'iifiietil'xJfjLf'/iiji'iZyr'

general influence, and among the philosophers who clung to it most ardently, it was regarded solely in the light of a consolation. Christianity made it a deterrent influence of the strongest kind.... The Christian notion of the enormity of little sins, the belief that all the details of life will be scrutinised hereafter, that weaknesses of character and petty infractions of duty..., may be made the grounds of eternal condemnation beyond the grave, was altogether unknown to the Ancients."^

ctUj

Paley

cK/ ^ ^ History of European Morals (\o\\\) ^JJJ

1 -(f' History of European Morals (Vol I)/ - 'yy.OJZ '(jJ^ V-^"^-

- ^-ijJ'j-ez- (h/VV-

- ^0^ b'^y^^if^dic/=4} History of Civilization in •jS^jfj1^-jhUxJfiyZ c*Zf England

l^/' -1/(^ &{Oj\i»)LfJ\*'rJ, tfj

^.v%y-

-^'faW(nZr!.^J-j4^^ll'(,X$\e.ifot*'l"'-i\lS>i

AIJ>>>ctf'i/'ffJ?«i\-.*rjy'^i/j'!!ijjif»tJSl>

/uJ>y J ^ S-^^'jy £f ^ /■*- iPt^yi/l-^

l''"i/"tCV!'° ^

~, " i/'cK-^i/jxCiv^

i^/cp^ jtZjti// '^■^i}j>^dj-i}

p*i-/j>'J''j)>-A±J'*C.cZ*'M\^r

* - /zL. I

/jj J J (Jp^,sj J^- ^ OU L> UOj/'J/J J ^ u<

1. 'nf^jl^shg/jirtf}. ^.z/y^-^^jij,!^. Ci /,

J'i"-

yywi yisJ//^foj>i^'\&jrjifdv{y''i'^^/w u*2;

uftjjkys'/iytf? f .-j

iS'{$wr&'(jM"ij'lf.l/'!is/l'y*»»

^M-^r tfyjly/$&■&)>{{&/

jfso&Jj I - J •Z'tiip OJJ)^j^jijKY^fu •

y^/yr "^^J^'-^VX

Yfaiui&bfttf'X o cJj\j:,y\{Sjj,/^t^<zjJjSi/.

^ o^j;) - fy^yYo/*»(i/ 15 ^ytfjjYijfw

iS/iVfi Y^OJJ 'i,j ^ z' >'A\<y2j%<zrfi)

> & & cLtfSj}' \2j/>tf^\J>^^\Zj\»*J&>^jf\ij))liJ>\

uoA 'ty z/}^"^-iio^s 'tj^"

i ^r j 1

LrtyaJj!/! .^J'j/lfj^j !lJ$-lpll/l4jj£jrjjZ(S)\&l)\u^(/^yljl

b- [£ [jyiCtjjJ

"But a more careful examination will do much to dissipate this natural astonishment. In point of fact, so far from wondering that such things were believed, the wonder would ha\e been if they were rejected. For in those times, as in all others, every thing was of a piece. Not only in historical literature, but in all kinds of literature, on every subject -- in science, in religion, in legislation -- the presiding principle was a blind and unhesitating credulity. The more the history of Europe anterior to the seventeenth century is studied the more completely will this fact be verified. Now and then a great man arose, who had his doubts respecting the universal belief," •!L£ ■tol?if?'{jjI'/ijjhhjtfJ.y

^ "-^y 1)^/6 ^oAJ- A careful study of the history of religious toleration will prove that in every Christian country where it has been adopted, it has been forced upon the clergy by the authority

/-JA Jyf " rr^fj>" History of Civilization in England (Vol. I)'

us

of the secular classes. At the present day. it is still unknown to those nations among whom the ecclesiastical power is stronger than the temporal power, and as this, during many centuries, was the general condition, it is not wonderful that, in the early history of Europe, we should find scarcely a trace of so wise and benevolent opinion."

tiij-fylrctiijiiSi • j'V'y d ^ 1

"Jewel, like all the authors of his time, had exercised his memory more than his reason and he thinks to settle the whole dispute by crowding together texts from the Bible, with the opinions of the commentators upon them. But Hooker, who lived in the age of Shakespeare and Bacon, found himself constrained to take views of a far more comprehensive character. His defence rests neither upon tradition nor upon commentators, nor even upon revelation but he is content that the pretensions of the hostile parties shall be decided by their applicability to the great exigencies of society, and by the ease with which they adapt themselves to the general purposes of ordinary life." ^ lij> teA fa' • - r

i 5-j 1 k

ffc J*" History of Civilization in England (Vol. I) ^

r^t*-wri/"History of Civilization in England (Vol. I) 1411// (" CIA1 't/J V " ^

"To avoid this, and to reconcile their conscience with their interest, they availed themselves of a supposed distinction between a king by right and a king in possession."

rj ty/ot <

- UL&jgjQ//./^ -j/Zr- ^ y<

"It is certainly no faint characteristic of those times, that a man like Burke, who dedicated to politics abilities equal to far nobler things, should during thirty years have received from his prince neither favour nor reward. But George III was a king whose delight it was to raise the humble and exalt the meek. His reign, indeed, was the golden age of successful mediocrity; an age in which little men were favoured and great men depressed; when Addington was cherished as a statesman, and Beattie pensioned as a philosopher and when in all the walks of public life, the first conditions of promotion were, to fawn upon ancient prejudices, and support established abuses." •U-'

flftA History of Civilization in England (Vol. I)

p'K-r't'<(/<■' History of Civilization in England (Vo\. I) aif

m

Mjujyvi^.A VJI iy-"

y ' as in nil others t-.^y. «!£-' |n'l/iy«>'f;^S.-,t' ^ ii'i/' •£ ii'iy' ji^V's

rr.

UJS "'ifW>oi/^-^yl^/y?Jyisl/j.j£ mj

eW lui/j J/jJ^Uy,

Uy^-lY

ijjyTexl Book of Deduclive Logic

nkHfyfiyjisj

^CfaiJ^ri gy i, jf-y^a/iI ^L_-: /

yjyfj ^^jyo^jyisyLsj-jw iyy 1/

ii-V ivyyt^iMj aic1

.J4

- ■f

o-t/' f-yA;-' ^ f-i/''tf-y' ^

-=r-y>r< ^ol&oi»OU&l&/tt-j?J^tf£j.l/'Uiiil

y/tfujO v>i i,

'aOn/o^

■ 'U'J^C&J1^

tybfr/au & \>/p>c0<i.yjfaj,\£.> wJ-j^^ifj,

^-{fdJ--LfJ\^jS:iJc}j]*^</'-

''^r"''' ^^ / it^/j Yy

- ^&^YYyijjyji'>^i/*-^'JJ.>^is'-

^A^yyAs^»-'zry^oii-y ft/" ^''J'^ ^

fW

<>^j^L-^-iJj^i^^^yj^^/Y;LO/yLl^Js>' r^c,

*■'//,*/*£jjivsAtioi "■ v

>i!£Jjsoi"J't-*Z-, Vyi>/'y>>}-ZrJ*£'Sjl'J\3/}il0/t

"^Aisyx VAA ci' ^y- ^J? -V-^ ^ i

Jl^Lujv j/'A "This humble treatise is the first which will give to the inhabitants of this country an idea of the nature of the Baconian methods and modern philosophical investigations and which will show them for the first time the grounds upon which European scientific knowledge rests, the methods by which it has been built up and the defects from which it must be free."

)•*(/' or </ <1/0^ <vir? >jtt. j> (i 4^

.^d^^j[/?sjtfjj^.b'ii*'y»i^i/iizry'Ji'/d

i-^JlS-

j L ^i. i/ i^> ^t-' ^

iijUf r"iy^'C

f f w

j I) tfjjrJtjOj 'JIJ^ l^jjl^ljr Xitj^n. Xf.

^'.2- Text Book of Deductive Logic ^vd^J^tfeXjUf

^kXD^>Xj/-iSiXcvi/Jl/X;lXi/.

-iXfx^X'i ^*'f}iS'jJ' ^

tfXii'jXedL- (piod- ff h 00*1x0if-Jet dc' ■

Logic may be defined as the science of the regulative principles of thought, that is, the science of the axioms and laws to which thought must conform in order that it may be valid The word science means coherent or systematised knowledge as distinguished from unconnected and detached knowledge. Thus Algebra is a science or a consistent body of knowledge of number, that is, of numbers and their relations- geometry is a science or a system of knowledge of space, that is, of the modes of space and their properties; physics is a science of the general properties of matter, while a register of births and deaths or of the observations of atmospheric temperature and pressure, is not a science but a mere I fdcA" £

collection of ooconnecteti knowledge of individual subjects and particular facts." ai-'

in

w^i-j ^Jj!l)t'/A<ii/--^r ^ It >^ -A/ i

!(/'" Tina Book, of Deduclive Logic A

&

'•^ ij?lf^^/Jif*ijji/^is6\,^j ^ ^^"Principles'" ^'^'iiP'-fii-yiS/iip^pt/

-iX^y^^'individual SLibjec(s"^/J,^c^/>iJ-'i

^!;-'^ai'=tVdv!'«iT-^ip1^; ^ U^ipp^, - k'/p^ '-^i^iyV^i; ■■^.^■jjl/fyj

yrjpiVx/f' '^h'J-^i^'^/Jtf -sp-c/i^p-ipL.ppiyu*; "^fiyi1 "^JJAJ

/? j "1 pP-CPJ U ij//jiJs P'^-VpeP-PP i^tc- Jtid C-J -

"A name may be defined as a sign for a thing or things More accurately, it is a word or a combination of words signifying some object of thought - something real or imaginary, mental or material, substantive or attributive phenprnenal or noomenal. For example, ihe words "animal,' plant, flower, table, paper, chair are names of real things smndine fo ■Cen,a"r-- g0lden m0U",ain ="=' "■">«» standing for imaginary objects ..." -

r; '</-(o^&ii^MUUs *itr WS' Text Book of Deductive Loeir "^ j

fr?

"i 4fJ ^

•IS y-y'jSlJ'"'1 >JS^j/-^jf^r1y"'sA ' ' (S'i- ly.u'.'" if

tjj (/^/fajplfJlb^lljlJijIJij' "Golden Mountain" "Centaur"

Jh iSij

^ Ijj Is (; J-^VlSjyS-^>^J^ai'So)&yZ\.'Z~'y

- flfS,

/PiS/

• iy.'^' t,&'Si>'yt,?s'M'ffK&*>(,S'r)y'^ ' 6,&>uis/uMH0i/?' oS.j>i-ri'/

iwS'.ii°/>'dP.-''ii'

j ^ Jls: J''

-^UJ) ^jiAI ^i;u

S-^'Co^l^'iJ'*'' il;jM^ t 'tf*' JjU '

^''dl^t/i)i"d/JlC'l/"J'!^'<'^"J^'-^i^'i^i'' V-

^ i j y-oV'V1

.tZTbiCr*Z-t,y'S^V,P'J,S^L.a'U

^t/-^^ Ij'ijjtlJJUv Ljjy~J' ^ -eySjj^l/ijSij

J,tfjr"i&jiCvj^s-"S-yJ*f ■'jv "■")

"'l^- (P-^ "1 "wf /^t "(^"

i-t/ul) \y'^ ^ ^

cuJ ' i ^i- V' "j» ■'Zrfjjfi^tf" Civilization

> >^-ii^jt "c)2" 4(Sl(?/Jis/^^/j>'4^i)i'J{'y1

o j >r^ >jj/ijf>yi 1 ^(ffy/'U* e)^

-l/^r '''/■i b>Uj'j£j>tJ4SrCty;<'jlb

>^ishf>\ j'V/^ ^

JV ^j/jf'jlfftji £/' /

- JljljM '^y^ {/fj'dO^J^ ^J-d^O^d c& ^jij^J-i/d.-^ift/sO u^j-X

^v/'^r djdyfj^JJ^uti) ^di/1 -^rtyC/j't

(Mass Education)

cf./f (Jl JL/s?*? *fJuf <5i"- J-j~r-

" The Decline of the West g/TJ^r^

^jitfoiy..-. ijjfa/

^y..- > - 6^5^—'

^ j^i (f.yj tf 'l) & ^t/ '^T

The Bughearof — L^Cf 1^ t/jy h ^y^cK/' aE3 Literacy

yiy' rwytfjXojjiliyy-'j^ " al£J

i ^JiO/i, i> 'tC.- I^J ^(J)j^IJ^

- ^iii d&i/jw tAiXo^y,)

d^if c-T-^rr<j>^/tr^Vy^

^^/jjs. u yZ/'^ij^ ^c/.

ki-lfvam o u ip"'W ^ d'udJ'^iy ''^L^d. ^V1 --^-yj'^'i/f^-

^ j'jVjLj 'c/^^J^ J ^ ^(S^J- U

\jAL/iiyt* oiljijddas Iw JV^wL"

"The word civilization like many other terms of the philosophy of human nature, is a word of double meaning. Ii sometimes stands for human improvement in general, and sometimes for certain kinds of impiovement in particular," "We are accustomed to call a country more civilized if we think it more improved; more eminent in the best

rya

characteristics of Man & Society; further advanced in the road to perfection; happier, nobler, wiser." sL?

"Hence we see that literature is becoming more and more ephemeral: books of any solidity, are actually gone by; even reviews are not now considered sufficiently light.... In the more attractive kinds of literature, the novel and the magazine, although the demand has so greatly increased, the supply has so outstripped it. that even a novel is seldom a lucrative speculation.... literature becomes more and more a mere reflection of current sentiments and has almost entirely abandoned its mission as an enlightener and improver of them."

J i Jjlj

iU Essay-- on Politics tC Culture alt-

t.rft" Essays on Politics &Ciilmc ^

■IY*

.jfoi ytl'^iK'l'ii'oy^if^'jy^.^Y^y^' ii4!^y^J^U'lt£JI'^^(»liV'eJfJjZ'jji(n1ilv

"^Vdiif^'^J^M Zx/sX?.

te'j'(y>j*/yr-tfy-yyc

^y, /^L/Ai/ ivA-i.^u

irl/'(0}ljiteficiisj/jib}'*ji!i>- Jif

fr1'

-^V^iriSjliS^J'. /f

O -ji ^ 'y ii .y~'if. ^ J ^ o' *)J:i &*£(sxii>iitJw?:>i

j^ ^ -4 ^1 - ^- s>>^ ■ ^T ^-E' lr^ 12^2^5'-/-''-^/^^

\Jj)^ jij^/a ^ j^L^ut>''^f t

^iS/i^*.A^.?^('^*iS'i'ji*'iJ{i/'

jlj J^(>tiijo4>ij J)l J&'ljjjy "^"i J'i}. if>!/-/'f-

i-yi (a:>l. uWy-^^V "Jx^yy * a!i

-JljZ-J&J^ijilf. oij^j 1>I

J y^^'O lj jLX/ J>^j ''-^/-^C^^ ^ tfyfA^J-^'i/s' -^i-Le/jU'l

^Jjt \$lf>\*'SiZr'\y>i/>\6j>j»ji^~oji[/ litlL. 'djifs^utipl -azJ^A

&>' AdA'd& ^ - (-=r ^ci-4^

(r'cg" f<5d "^i; jll'io'i.Xc —USjl^twl'LiJ -l

A;j»d$

)<></'^-O'ci^r'^" 1

ff")

^'XJi

M>

^-A Uiyj^-f.UMJJ.A.f' ■A'-y*^j v _^.' ^1 -^/

J,\L£[*.>J*-J>**i.fi/J/J> -Jillz-jMilSjj/Jf'

j>\/jJj>d'A'A>"Oy,'£'M*''

iA'yjA^y^^ii\z.j)>o^.-^*- >& sf

isi/'if-orj^^' ^

Wltf'i \jJ)JJ>}r*y/) "ijyy&bC

f*'

^y^>>J^y'fc\J'\rii,j,t./\i(X'j'lZijs\ij^\S!.^j.l

uj1 l'b^'-^-J^^yjj^3 /'-^ " <£i'J,tyM*l&yi3^.-^[j/^tfiQPftfJt>.i>/l>I^.VU

C^Sy j>\ u^ij -^.y.

' c^J jJjIrjL ty'/tf ">a 'L>j j'l&y>tf,irS/i&.'ifjtij^y.tyj.y^yj.^/..y,0iy>i

■ yoyyy~o'^:(syji[->yi^* —j—-i

(/'Ji.-'g' ^y'Huyy^y-/') " ^r

*i'*-l/l"(Sjl!L/jJ' as

t-Jl

ty/Lfe-i/yiUJU.OsM

£ f^iy ^jt .tz-jfjtf1 J" \JJ.^rJ\^jiU// J/'t- OA & isj ^Ji

fd' (fct) «!y yy

i?d'il(o)°i}y''?['-[>" ^

Miji ((pt ft!i-'

"^S*-

-Ufc J' "-^ ^,JOSj'Ub"M "

•^Z, C* ^ySjA&j £,Ct\f2~^

^ ew ZP'J >0jlf ip*'/" ^ ft I'Jt lP/u^

>±/3\j>\s,ti.^\jA0) Jj 0 Ly1^ byj^t/^ut.^l/

>>j\Lj!\v/ij\ljj\*Y'*. (^J/JU^-^/rs-

- i/^ frji n^v^'yJ'

y'li'&yrfrfS1*0 C'iO'i/) D ii/^\-^-JfJjy/l - Ug \idL.jjJj £ d Jy^JjjdiP^^/y. Wj'il(fMjJJ*i^y'dyf'&lsl>" cL3

fjj/ ^ t JJS'Z - /iCi^-JUji^L^

frlyfi/c/Wr) 'i4 ^ -1/^ iJ^>fu

^ ' >yc>j£) ^Jicfj^ML !■ p^jiSCii/'^i/i.y^ii/y^^^j^i/^i^Ci)/

Ay "'W " "^-'''i^l/^-^ ^ ;^r ^

'^''Xp'tL. o^'i o^jjjiy IjlP'^L A

^•^i.6 \iJljd~/tfJ U^> t> I i4^* L

&/&&})>{J^iysj IfhjJ^jJl^y'Jh)\)a^rlJyrxff0>y^/\jj^ ij>^yy %vr -

jy— '>j '^/> k jO' ^'^yjjiyy^y ' - ^OA fb>y^^{ftj\

f\Y\J'i rl^< iyi>\fj^)^JhJbllj3t&&JtJ^

j IrVu^ [f/ij}»r', \/'^-r t' JjJi^^-^'j'^/ ^dl J j

^L'i Jj ^ tjizffdjz/ ^Vty^i^dij}1 ''-'i^-(/i-^==-^'-_/i ii/jL7|>^/^ L ^

=ui^{L M/dj/tf i}^fySQii\^-di (/'p/SJ^:IOiP"

ajdAifA'^rd?^? >** ^

Jl^V

/fjl^ - di^oA&^A&di^k^Cf^d'lfidi^1

jj^1": dd^-^A^d- "jj^ljai^"

w^)^(^Ji}^"i)i^>^y:'Adi^^(^M- ^Jddj) (ifts^

*1 *d '/*>'</) ^

fa a

dif'i-/J A?\. fjif-sAAiy* h' (Vj JUJla .^-C: "A^liiif"^"

■■(ys-j

j<?f-/Jl>.lt'-=Tj-:i

A-JvUMu? ojj JJJS : ^ ^

dijytf'/^'^'is'' ijiji/o^/.y--"

^Uf^oi,(>cJljJ|<V3

Zt VJIJ^-A- /(S^^- '-f ft'^--' ^ bi? \^\f(^/ '

"f- 1;^. t^jjc l&o

<-^j" ((f'S-yt&yy-: ^ .J li; ^

jtzTiln* 8 iy^^—L—oJ i i^J ^ d*S-1 V^> i_ 11 A >j> .1 CJl^L^!^' AJ3^ J)t>J I

1? \j) i IVJ^^vJrCJj

^ '-Af^l/^/-^-

fl" ^ J '}\j) i im/i

<■ l-si- U'J ifj ^jy^^y.

>jj ' ojay/,,SJJ> 'X*/i' ^\}*,4'oj>jijj>\oj>\£

Ji^ij/ljty4-^J^L^J 31 jhjj I

o-xypoix

fCH

> ~1 if 1

''•zriy.is.&f'S^f.

JI - 1 ^ ^ ^'^'■^r^-'jiJ1"-1 - l-'^

J U'^j j j J y- ,l' Jj J

C/J ^ »z/J -J-J is' ^1

•to - /UT^^L^Icr^C^to^tojlilltoU-JJJ -f

-LlJI

JU-jl=i-1 Jrfis/ij 1

fr- My" (tfji ^

fbf

: S-J ■. (j, I U^U 1^ zfjrfJ Ly^^L I

C If

<£■) ^J } f^Q I ^J\^. U Q | Jj \jlj)\ J (jj OJ IVy Vjs\,{y&'\iJ,

•^rW^Ui "- "-^1/ (fjyistfjzSb,"* <£r^)iJ.w<ir' C tv "

M jl> /J^f

^'<_^l>^ 1 CfUi-^f irffifr-s tff/^if1-'^r'^'S.iS- ^^^jC'JbjiSh Ju^x-z 1

J> '-^"^3^ " tfj^iss'

fajhj'^y'- <=- ^ li/ l^iSjiJbyjl^ UlvJ&Li i^l^

'JtirfjiJi ^j>; jU^

^/jy^dXij>^Jij/2r^yy'fjjfe~j>0\2\y'ej-i- f*{f i {&[

/U/ I/S-ji l '<^fi

cl 'iic^

U/Ki:

^)Uy(y&y^*?>ij,"cj'j6/' y ^iX/'j^' 'ijy^-y->x

ikA^u^cf^ [A'A :^' J-y li/j/i JLui1 U^-j feC'^d.

tt0i\\&&dy''yd>£J^^ji>'^'i-y'^lSilj/''*'d'.J'[

t^/'" ■ ' ' 13 Z/ 'P)/-J^ {/i)^r0/,'

' !/ojAIS/ (/ crJj'Aj 'aA'A "■AsA'AA

J u ''/A-tf "o0: "a^ '/ ^

A^-yy ^-■J1—y 'j ^*cf'^ o:^

W." i}^M&i'AiAsJ»A."&A3SV'J'yAd£> ^ w-^-o ■ /'A^AJ u u y*^ if.^-AA.

-■ ow bJ&^Vcs^'t&iiA (iii^l>ALi'ci}sJ)^,c^*6A---^v&iJ^cs .i

^It/jjfl.^'y i/yU^y

A-- ^■/y bji

foU)^y[Ji^o^

U^OJ"

fly*.^Ml(>tf^/ilfl)^l^oy>J/i^'ilSiy

'.v^t ^iiiCSy-■■■

iSMrf i by/ay^"^^'

tOJ-y ' J

ijw '^sf'■-y^/i ^ H -j;

^rf 'Xil/y,^ i^f-^J-^i/-J". &'4^>\(;^oiy'/!^{(r)y/^i,rf><-.^ij>i.j

/

j*/^/yy'j^^oij^cvy/JCJ/ iiij^ _ ^

- *f --Ct^j^L-idd/ ^ l/f ^j>i-/JVi/lO bSsjl&vSJ IrtA^j

-^ri^

(&> i - fy Ifj'S^jLi^l^/^ffjJliJ^i" -) ■f>dy/,/^f\jd^ddt ^\J L l/^l^Z-^^Oj ^/Jjl

&'[/} {jXzJj j»>

■'. k

Y\ (f

'"Zr^/ WctpyOVl'^W1

- i^i^y ^yy yy'y y,oy'

-^j

,^ji>uij!yutoy^^'^^IJ0l^-'*:ri'i'-

Vj>J>''ijWW^&JZj^J,i^J!1^2.

^^^r'iytUl^^a/>t«i^s/U.ilJ^/jiy1/

J'[^'(^Ay({j^b,tfh>i^isj&^l/it>/'jj'^

- *=1-0?J ^'4 3/i'-i^ ; oi^'ij- /"^/-y'

- K£-if

i.1^. /^^'lU?-iiV/li'/^/Jj'V'/-S^' „

>,.■,. ^>b'//4 w ^■^/id:is/!(s^jj'j£Wa/;^P'j-j,;\

^'f~- j fj-s

-juk.

- \>£/fyyd\i/^oi\y'j,ui&^[A/li&^iljt

'^v/>\ji-/j0s\^il£^\/J.^^0j,uj^>j„<; J^IW; '^£p'ir'j. 1^ Jb^KJ/l^iwdJjy;^/^

ji & 'O'b-^-'^ v /j o^A- Uj- wii^'i (>_

fit

-si- i'-'t/ Ui'1 ^ (3 ^ ^ ^ (j

jj-^/" L'vJ^JxVj [fJJ-ydfr Jifjj ^

4^J\»)JJU)\&JZ. -As^eiL I yj-'^

t/^jV^-l^i/1 --^^1/

-4^ o Px<>>u=^o i ^

^/^T-^I^'I Txwrcr^^C' '> ^>d/^

oijhji^ i/faist- '*&/ oy^o^/Ai/i '^Pd JW<~ ^'^Pisj 0 &o ■o^opP^d1' ^ o/d

: LZtyc/^1 v<LycyfJ- ij\j>\y 1^ U cvj/ b tyj/f ti^Jy ^ i j^j(\ZifaJJj':)>i}-/'' £ "M^isy/'^j^}^

yftidJyP/i iPP-^-jfi?^ ^ > J l'^^u J ^^a-1 ^Ijy^/\j*yi^j'-J)^'-rt"'-*' (Deism)

tfr < \yyJ3'(/itiljUf •■tyJ~i't/P *2-

M&4''i°)J'-J-j-Uj^*2-4js,>f>0>i>ij{^*S.'^\j)\J^y j&oil;

'tj/tya>/y*^&%tyMh'-iAj\^h(i'jl'''i)'>fl^.jV?

&J'ifrQW0K^jp&bt^dJ>'j)>ji -^/i w; '::^y,&ZlSi/f^tO!,Atf-4oMi?ijSifj>j:fr' 'f''L~ J^Zfy'iy"rr'ufij^s.JJ"ye*

/A'i>i]*'j'£'^^j'*\iyjJj^,&y,/^i\,j:LJjjy

$i:>fyt&'i/.*'jisl---i!os>s.^4-*-jK >JtM>d;^

*— d 3 'l^^dydj 1,'J (

{d'iS.

■^\f/oi-'''\ji/.^d-^o^d'y^li.-^r\>y\//--^

r-ii/'V^LirVb ^

ft.

"/..y '.'

/.'/^''if's-johiX^-^^ C,j>J] y/^L.,^

0^Jii^,ijf^rp"*^ --.

iS)>'fJ---cyy^j£i^h/<^lg;/\j;ljb,\j.^,&

^ -u^'O1- ^' y'Jh'^y/jlj^/u ':^, (. .'it--1 _j ;

^'dy/(u y* 'S^yj>ytisiit)i*'/z,j'jy^ijZo^£yzu-_^:iy[j

0}jS)

■^^'i/ijjtcii'yi'/oAjyy^^pijA'iiyi^f

y^ & ^ y-^s/jy

fci

a/yo/i'^-^-'i/l/^r tiS'i f

\ ysij>\ - U._Jaiv vDi'-'c^1^

- LS1

i & z^izy&yy y by*

yyj'tfjj o iy^yy,^ y^y^ijjijyo ^'Jr^ & (p l51 LVJ Ipi ,ijj>£~yjL£ ^/y'j I

L fj I ei/b [/J t tiy't£~y(Jiy/j\fjy4J£.(yiy (ptO' ^yir

:Uu/(^" Lif^'y JSjoj' - iy ' CM--£^(^|^

fct

fa ja>j>^>-1> /.uf^/^j^' '■/^< Jj v'frr'

'iSS^uk/&Sjrd/?^'i^jrtf^y,&/Si£MfS"

^^-(/(iik^^ Jl?0:i/-i (!>(/

fyi&Jjji&fa.jjJ>' ^t) 'xf''ofoytyS < # lotfcw ;^r

rc^'Uf^Ur-V" l«y fj. '^\^.\p" »4.

^ ''-1 ^ St ^ ^1 ^i^iitihc/^

oy'r^iSJ&Vy'i^ispjfe'^^'^'o^'O*'

- ^t'/-I kef/

->t>i i'&tj'V^di^('wrJil1/liJ?/S^lS/x&,<£iJ^ ij*£^>£d'iji'tyy,jiCifxisy'\ii\'\*'-is-'Z'yT'''J.

'u'y'uO'1/ " ^Vji "Jy -J, "s^-^y

" i ^uA/'fC^O'^A/1' i/ii^./^^- - fo

ty/yc^i' <d iiyy^^iyf'"^

tSfC pb-4cr I

j ■' u1 u ^v1' ^ /^C ■ - ^ '^' ^>::1''' cf^- ^ •S/'cH^rll'iilS-'lS^ ki/'i) tijiiS-

*=~LS>J^Y is'-' '"'ok1 I Y[-^r- ■"'-' v^Mji i ,->YYSrYo,-ikk^-'.-k\j/Mj'^-'o'<-] '•-kkrJ

"feljl'ft^^oijYcti.^l'k-ido^iy'lie^''J-*rir1!'

I i^jl^l/lyl./HJYOYoi'^.JO^-I

j uOt? yi-V-J1 jy^ 'S'.'Sx-

ok'1''Sk

fc*

> ^ij1^ >^1. «y3>^' ^

^ LVX

^i-^i/L*^/ j-XpiJ^ ^ ^'■Jj'"o^i/w/" ^d'^y.^iiO^JJ^^ifo^J'U'A3^ ■fj^^^y^r

sjl'l? "^r0 y ■"fiyb

y'o^Y "(/^'d-f^'^'^u" ij'^'t.d'.- jjj.j JA. \,jcxs/&i\jj{s3^ti&(£oh>o^s^yy' i^,^jJlr^j>'^ Lsj^/JtfroXz-^y/ L^yo>ijX'ii/.is^ijij)Xi^jji /•—y^Y'ix o>yy>-&it "^'s-^u "uY ^(T'-'-' if" "o ^ ijx J y -}j/'&>0 ^ JXP1

r V

-t1' ^.gl'/'M}* •M'^-Oy^'C'/^'/ pi "Syi&M 'O/U-Ml.Ji'yi

"^/-•v^^.jj o\z/o tfiyiy.ji lOUd

^it&'&UtiM^i^iiSyjfjiow.^^r

u;*1" y Jy-ii.

}h-^^>'6y>^-j^ui^&.*~jii'j>iyy:\:^^.\f

.'fa v/ui'i/^if'- & y^/Xyji ■ ^:t ^

) ".4=^/5 (^.

J£ "lij

fit-

J,; 1 ^

. ^"6 ^v'-- 'is:^--^ /

jy*z~BXsi3*z'&jA'oAb*/oAj^'^'0^>,'Zr^

lMji,ijU'.3/r-^J'y^o/A^'/-''lfAA-yj^ ^

^'/^''"^l L' ^t-- OneniaUim

cli r/k' Islamic Quarterly. London, 0-li^3\

Prophet Mohammad and his Western Croics'^CtycJI^ c^

If'^-i"

"Such was the intellectual anti-Muhammaden climate that any stories, no matter how fantastic, with little or no basis in fact, could be accepted and transmitted. A bishop of Cordova, Eulogius, one of the most learned of his times records on the authority of a Latin manuscript by a monk that on Mohammad's death, his disciples watched for angels to descend and carry away his body, but, instead, dogs came and devoured; hence the natural slaughter by Moslems a large number of these animals". ■iS-"

dl(/' " Islam and the West (f <&

f*.

"His hero (Mohammad) could ool be olher lhan irue Mohammad m.ght aot have fel. offended by ,he Brdiah ecturers treatmem but he would have felt oncomfonable in

MdCof,LuntL Dahn"!, Wh°^", him in 0ne or ,he lowesl he"SI followed Prea h°ly aeains, his

<&T^

1 - tjo I j "t J.

J{}^ 'fcjl ^ ifi ' Islam and the West ^

^yf

^-5 w: ■.oJA^M'^'^'^^''-^; -*

<!£•...

'Va/A'41&($ ^ ^-i" 'S'

vsJ-^A <0\,^i^. A'A A Adtr'1

uljt-s*r&;iif'-.'^'k& "

tf"\Y-)l/''itfjiss.yy'l'£'ii/ <y

Yrif'ijplS>'.'riy ^

/,- .A '

u''ef>M^>jrA^yi^^

" •■^4^i>V/i<<^r'-»/*si/«^sij tyto

- , , -/^rU'Jfjy

oo'^n

('by^C^ yi^fv

^J&JjS^iJ^i/^ ^c/^r ^

M'ji- loiJiiyp b

j t-j i t^cjjif"'* tfjj i- -o^|^^>-^^{}^'^-'^-,'o^J"1

'iJV'bl^i^jjoli/jjJ 0),£\/aS~ ijpi/j/fjfyo^yd^

'd^''

o\j6^ i/jj)

l/^uitfo^tf^ "&?•">-J^/^i'A^diS'.t

\sojXOZ~)J£L'<£L>'l^(jjl£

b&Jb&ll'Uf-^-^ U'^V 0 b^j I

;s^Ol(/fj^/jj^l/;JljSJ/Jl^Ojl^^LfL-'il^?.l /b 1: ft J^Oyt'tZfiS^'i/^J'

fafSjjj/£=-[?frjji_

- l^-s^- l^f tfv#' i> uii! U1 o^ 1 •—^>''f'cyO

ifJ^,\:zt,3'^>ij/i>j-ij ^!) i^' -

*«i/'({»{£) "&$ i'tjjii y, «I2

("AO

£/ 6 '-^ 1^

tfM/jjh -tZf JlfC/^if

[S(^yj^^/t>'^r^ ^•*rtfJ0J& tyfif'

-^jZL^^yjf^Ji}^ '/j^i-< ^

ii/£3&o>i(Mr^)lJj^iJbj'\c£ -^iji^ "i-JcT^ J/ ui ^'-^rjjyjy^ \doUjv&Aty

ir'Kc/' "aII t/' (J^;" J^-^^d1-^" ^

<^u ■ r-i-i ^-'c^t/t/1 ^ - ^ llS^i£«^> 1,4 s ^^ ^ H ; ^AA < ^A< ' rAi < t'i i

f*S

^ i; u/. 6 i^^fr^'e t-sus'UHJ^o^J Wijf&itf,

I0^0^101 --c^t^ 5

^( jvt^l%^/J ii^ij ^ < O^'d/-? 0-^1 »> ^

/ u^y >1^,,

i>C-. Jbj i -j^sst 'cto u i ^ i^rthV cfji/^iy^j-v11 j

U oj U" (u^y l n^iZoJ&^ji^/je l*£Ur^U'^,y l> s-sr^^U-^

{S>\jjZfa^M^Jjjml^S3>j!j — ^jJi^$bi$y>/A.^Pt\>$&\>l}

i.JLtf{ 7Jtfjy!iU&/v

sAtSt&idC. ^^)}ij£<£l,fy2zJj,/> y*' Oty CilL^c"

iy&'i j k^-p-yj^'i/'cf^-&[>& WJUfufi ^L'V^'^V^ ^

o&Jof^A/^yjAAj yfacA

>y{> i^p jy ^Xz-i'XcJji j &01-& iP^-ci- ^ j/ a— j)\Jj:./ I'yJ^M > Aj'y * JJJJJ-* bi(y&

0k>$6Y'\ ^'t/^ 'iJ^^^CLiA^^oyi ^-J^i}^ oAj^J/.^ - (y^t/j

'z^J ^

Ai £ o > JZ ^^aj^ty j)) tfj if^z.^U^y ;> [iS.J^rJ iy-^ji^-j u/ tr^yC^/

r-1?,/ (^c^; ^ t^1 ^ U)| H

fAA

jtfjiy'&'ei/o ^ u!i/ ^y—-^ y^Lyy^y^^

'r'ju

'"&*£. I kA-^V^' J '^/"'di--vv

^^'t^^Yi''rA-=yj)(ddc/il/.'Sj>'/iSi.i-4d'Jts:r

- A-o i^^ii

"^u^i Uj-^dJ^ ^JL /[J tJX~iSiJ:iJj\J^-^&\fl/j*^>p-''(/./"1

- ^ '-^J ^ \c>rj>{(»tfy ■■ XX

• iJafiII</<^1 ^xZfrf*' XX M-^cZ-Ji/lfc/y^' "M

&4.4&4&^i/fc£<y<M'4.

a3'3T'!}'-u'.i}y"jj:i'*'U?'^£*Ji ' -'V-^-r^ - yi" - mi/

Aj '''.X J'X-iQ/^XX-■"■'

■c±.^a& gj i/Ofdo Iu

^^ Xicl-Jj'XX'j} / ,j -;^ '^^'^-/oii-,J,l-/j1//- JJl/ L ^ ]'X-^X}j LJ L_ .^jl juOl

Z ^ L" ^ i"u-vy t^,c-_ X-J-'j-j ^'/-i /'/j^ ^0//^^' i/' /c/L L'/i./ ^ / rn

\\J> ^ fA-Y-l,/' W ^

fl-

' £.!; I t^/l' ly&J&fi < "vlX-'T "> /l/'^Wi '-"l?

c^UJ u-yy rt„i^i L -y - s^T-/J\

^i/lu Ij/tfJiJi' ^0>\ /^i^3 L/j^iJ/^i ^ UP ^J,'^ \y J/J^iJI/; t^sji Zt- U

<2/lr u- L-iP' SJj^jLjei/syb.

ijl^- I >/_ -^Xi wi-u-.^lr^l^

&£,$&■ 0-fo\fy>^ t1 s ^yifi uisisijiLixt

b^l/ l£P (f /^ ^

o? v < "^jj-y^iiy ■' ajt*

rqi

^-^t)^^'|u;dvi'''jji/^;>^/;i^^'l</1-^'

- ^. L 1> j L^ ^-'Z

-•y - ^ ^1 j -L! ^ ^ li'v j,i

r*-j" 'iS-y'

fl'

■jL 'tdj £ u- ^ Li u^ rj I. ^Lj; >

M?^^Jj&i{o\faifj. KkwJ'/oi^^

i/j! . Cjf-ji-d ^ ^/i^-f^i/ i^y ^jWi/oi'^i^'iiyi/jiljiJaiitfl/^ faiJotsciitu.

Ms' • i?tr^^l^^uy>>u-.ui^i/^ajj/*i^i,^,i/ 'h4'^./{/,1/^^

i^'

tA'.J-Jijj'-^'*J'(3i>itf

fit*

X-i--/^/^iJi/yoi^^^oi'/if^ii^iy-

l{ou\y>$^syo<^tf^JJm-^tf'1'/l?f-0*y

s'^'ci^y ■" yy- ^

-■^- >}':'^h-^jfJ^ Ju'j.'if-"' i,cj -J^^-

tfjjs^yyhjs^y^c —uj^y-^

^ ) !_>) ty j'/ '„"> & \jij[/*~iJ /tf'j\J^vij^vL^^i^ ^-yj^

ci The Destiny of Indian Muslims '-JCJ'ij}*i- ^-'- y

3 L-C' L-;-1 i^B';_jl J ir^ ( jlj i-'y^i-—^

•Otterly^J^)/^^i(ri//<^jf^^,J(,itf|^:

^yVj/i^c^j JS

'ijjJ/-;; J > ' J •: JJ ^yd't'y^ 1/

Iigjl WMyjlis^iudA-d'.^if^ojyy'yu

V'y\L^yiJ^iJ^d^'j>\b/^-(vJth>y'a!il!^'<'jr

^-/y yy^ Y/yjy/d'

^M\orf^fyt'Afu'j''j'*

rryifaw «& wj'dy'M ^

^':&s'/j,(}Jiu'Js£ 'wr"

Jjh)\

■ ■•«=U/^^K/Jllf: ifVyiM/- =£

^y.^-tS3 ^ol3 - Jj-r*^ l4> ^ -£■*-': diO'/^ ivy^ lj$J- &(//$&':J-)tii(' d '-VJU u'^y-^-r- -''L/ ij' X

^■dLl^/f'^'^

'd>^u'd'>6'''dd a\.J-^-^->'/^^'.-diiP--'d:j]^^'d::^-''py'^

i'lW'jv 'y-r'iu'^^^'

- ./- - „/ Mo»l».« Vvham-mi Al, LI/' -"' ™»"

-durwJ*

ir3c/.

^ ifo}A-ut:'^''J ^V fa/ljljijL^ IJ;

u/- rj''/£\^ '■'■£'(-if/yj^,^

ite/'lll/lfy--,u^ ' ^^5-y^--*-'

^'S,cAilJ&J,y'-jj'y/Jly'/u\iif\^/\i&y

^kisw'i/'Z^:y^c£^pojijl^^Jiyi/i^r!/y, ■^o/&'cCy^\^^yyJf,(yrtJisyJiu-i air

11-' iit/'fJJ!>; "ijjij^aJiiijis^j ■ air

\Ju "I doubt whether the menacing character of the Pan- Islamic propaganda has yet been sufficiently appreciated. Had it had another ten or twenty years to extend and consolidate itself... it would have constituted an extremely serious danger to British Power, and every scheme for dealing with the remnants of the Ottoman Empjre after the war should, in my opinion, be very carefully studied from that particular point

of view". ^ 1 —^ u'-

— ^dir" Secret Memorandum by Political Department, India

Office, on war with Turkey, No. B 233 dated May 25, 1916, p:4 " Muhammad Ali — His Life & Times r-r

(/..

- &(/.e^-S C JJJ ^SZCjjjS ^

"^^i/l/' t/- ^ '-si t/l l^t/

(ayj J.jdn ii&xju

(iiiyj yyy^yr-yb^y^-iiyu

"The place of acknowledgement must go to the octogenarian scholar who is by far the greatest living authority on Mohammad Ali". $1

^^LJ)JJ}^^IJ3 I\j3 C^tjjJ'Siyjlfllf

'fli/y? "-'\j*y- ti\o)(&L A~/iJL/o^y/yilyJlsyy

t-if Muhammad Ali -- His Life & Times 'a£5

|AI

' ^^/cj

(/l. "0-^r

0StJt^oJ'y'oJy'Ot&'0'oy'-l'ji/v1-£'*'■< irt/ijiv^yMu foiy\0I00 -"yi '^l/- bMysye''&0 '6 ^ 0■Jr\y"&'\>y^\'-^r

■fywcfisj')/'

1 ^cr^1 J J">?! ~>?yco •

bj o'U; U-J L J-?>

A-^ 'jyy'- uj—w j i ,V) i1 Au^1-' ^oA/6^ kvl^^ii-" i-4-^

ur < Mt/' '^u-vi"'

UJ lyi.c/ujjjy, w ijj^/tfjo}^ c> - jy/^iy I Ifcy UaStf (/.

ojj 'sfc L uy^yo ii/itfii'fyi tjji/>x o (cK^-/

jAp&y) t-'J s 'Jij i

- y. fajfaj ''J<y>>h>\ "**}.£': ^-Ayyijty

(/yr'cr^ o'^^-^yy&'-rdy =>y^J

"0/ip2ytyuisj^Lf^o'fybitii>yy^ *

yj'yf j u—jiybuy^^^y''o^js('y. '■''

^ tyf.i/if. '& ^ is^dh^-oy*^ t/1

^P^iJ^>^^yyp-^AyiJlJ\y^JO/^0y^y-LiiJ'^" (j-< L*'-^ j ^ Kl1 '-'^ 't/

' t::^>ii^Cfifj^t^' l'oL^,-^^if(}'''ijjy^/'^' "c/pbiV^ "jj'jt '^y'i "4-^^' '&$ ^ 5,-f

'vjtL.^iiis^ir'^}^1

IcZytyCf''{(J/yf

Joi^i^>y.'^^^<Si^bjJ>'Uj.

U^J L >(J - Jl3^i/'0^^yi^0]/^-Jl

Hh ^1^-44 ^ ui^'cv U li^^-y'

<-^4

i/yr/jy^-tSi^j:

. & -"^t*

jl—^Miniature Precision

r-- - "Jjj'=CoI -(_/

r^O ^c^'J Uj (fa ^ J-{j}» i - U/^ "r*^/*3 *0*^' ^r

^ ^JiOSJ.O i ^ £j-^/J*£o1 "/y i^yy i?i ^/u/jc^i/

l}}\J^\/i£l— - id•~^r?^r'^^-■O^'1'^-'^? ">};( nw)^!fejtyci^yy&i/^L£Oi.

(/'-^ J- Wtirr ijtj^^o^ ijj ^^'

">Jll.jJ--^/\}\(/.o'

t u lu? ciiy "Oy*^ ^c)1

^ir-1 ^ 4 if'/?^. yjMO-Us

^ r'-H

^r^Jl J1 JV; 1 iJ ^ ^

" < L5y^1«i "' "yosy^d' 'l"^i/*t"

i^j) ^'i/- y s,i vi?'i}/y.^oi/i)^iicz~'tij,:^i>^y^-!L-$d i/jjii lyry^jjj Cj "yf

^ :■ ^ ^ ^'cs^'J' 'y^yl&j/jb^^i/.d'rf'A.4-A>*!r'>c/1

m* -<4-2-

^■oyjyycyy^ydjy^y/'iy*^^ rr,y • yy'Jiy ^ r^y" vv^iilir'ai!

rY. - t-j-q tt3i

fu

0i ,j&ifcJsh^oiLC&'te'-^j'-^yi"^y''j -

V-^rL"/ L>^yj&fao '"J'

/•■ Texture

' ^.,.l/^ir1r-/^^u//l^'ili' ^

'i' L J Ur^ I Uj^JJ l-i LL>" ) y'J^-j L j L'^U/.CL.JU--

£-C-^ '^ii■ i X-/"6

■ui'X>i^'j}»~^ tiji Iffis-

-^Wj&i^^ly'$*zr'!\f^j\jis0Pvfj,\0£i&[,<!_ *—-0 if"'' i XX ' ' ■—^"^^ L >?> \ ■

bv^ Xr-X': "-i

^'-^X'^>ii?cS''/oi''/ti/i!^

•ii- ;xif tJi^^&'-^ifA/- y'yt/ijuSyj'jJi^'*1''-^'j^'i>"^'i.A'lf'J ' ^

tflyii\l\^dU'b'-'^}didi*'-'vs':iT^:fiJ*'1'^- , ^ \)4J^ ^^.^riSdftS,

QUv&'dt"ji^\-J<^0^°A''idf [ -J

ivi^l l i L/y; di^M' ■ t?M 'ZdV;* '" ' a2i;u

..xdiJJLs&i^iUdi<'&d*d^s^J'''-'t \]j>t 3y'M J3

ltbrart ^ Anfumaa 1 araqqj Urdu 'Wjn^f

ji^rOlvicip /t'^^/i"^. ■tt-fij. npcyyldj

ijfai 'jtgj

<^.JiiJ>jj^oiu^iij'di^lJi3ioi^lt)yt>Jli/j>u?-/

^^l/ffy^lcLCils A-fil (^>iyi»^\j^ris^o^>"-1>

^■Vii^c^^ii/"-''lif(f'^o^-i>uy^-ut^i/j,i

Jyitf'hj^ji^; < vrfj / tpijyj,

i»c/' 'U'/^'^isy/^'^^y til \pA>lyi "££/A»-*" fti:

I'fc/'»il

iSfji:

Jziif.* t/^.j'H^

^(|ii|,-ky^^uJ'^L)U-a;»>^/'D-J^-^Ul

J»5^ji;t6y!!ifoiiyn#fifc'- i>- - v C> i^w/1 - [i r-r'^/s:J';

^/Lif'j/^ii./^-^^i^-^'4tr''lfe(/''''-^0'-

^ ife"1/1 ^

' \r.tfi'u*L&dy-/jiiif'nwtyrd>iLj'')A''.-!i

(W

/y. 'jf1^ &I'cCJ-Z*'

>4^'^k-^C^r ^ ^ ^ ^ ^1

(ru^jy^^jy '. J ^sZpj^i) ^dioy^>J/s&> ■<~^->/a'j:(^

foe# ^ 'ityl[fj^^ tjjj/J>\0»/ii ^-'>pO)J>JiiJj^^ii\'J\>IJ>J)\

- ^JJ - I Iftfl "- LJ jp ■ Uip/J^ bjl-^^hQy. U

^ p ^Jb O^d'pP'^'^ ■^C-d'^pJj^rJ^^iy^O U \^\ jpM jbj ^(utjl^'/jpi IAP^QPP

H(V < WfJ'i 'd/^'"'^.3 ^ Wif ' "tfp&y.3 " *2 HfJir^ciypYHSj/irnrt^r^-g"'«£^

i

r'lf

\Jjj?j,dv.^yi{^ti'/r&d:(^Ji-£^jSJ&

Sjiti}\.>^ J?">'■*- jA^r1/lvA/,w'^vy£\»'Z^r'£.>iS.J&^

%>ifrM»/lsw/AAJ-0A2,^Aj''4^A-r'uoylij[i

•^'.ii Ufyjlil 'J./if-tJ&A

"^tJ fouJ^c^UicJtiJ L^^C«r,(-1-''i>Jl»'£?>;'

-^(;>!JiJ-'i3i^</lti1^

"-'tfi -vJ1' 1 'c*'CO,--^**~'^''^'

fl(*

y'^y'^yjjyci^Ajy^yjy' .

'£'*y^t.-te^/°£ijZ.O[jifj/^-'^"ov&i "*^yCi}y

L^yf" k -^-'( "if*dZ~ya> ^

jWfZ-/y j^/'i-y^i/^-y^.> tfl

j-j-i .■ j kj'ti/itiyi. y~'jd

O'lfl

a--

tJ■ ■ ■

^'(SV

irfWe/i

uvenation

j^'^iJ^hJ^J-j^. &&- r^7> fiWi'

ji^o^,siiJye(^''$^iut3>i'>Mit4-)(s ^

p'lH

'guiS.Vi-JUftfteiSjSl'

\fj,

[Juir J_ 'Aft/ej i (/i^.^.&f

fy^j/&*i'Z^iMAii>iJ^/^yZ.ij6iruy'tf i/si^

Y^^'^SL-f.j'>J*£!uyC

-^Jbb'yU^ei'ijy;/ (f-^-^>jA^tJ>Sb^£0'\Jj>^fl^io[s;/i ilf'lAiiA'J'-A'^'^'j^^f-A'-^. YCY^yiAciA-^-

C'-i/''Sl!t)l*t'4Y.' ^

dJ ^>^4& 1 J/^1-5

^A^yj^^^^A'-^AdA^JLcAAs irf/^A^'dysZ.

.jl j&tfo U'^J jij&'h>h&>) AA^A^ (j vAi -b^jj'dk i ij i^AA^^^AdAAd^

"But 1 cannot help feeling that this view of life is essentially true, and since we are alike under the^skin. what touches the human heart in one country touches all".

L.1 KICAL I'HILOSOHIIY

JA^ "r;:. ,n. Desire

jW.

1^/' V/ie Importance of Living "od-

(VI ^

VJ-^ ^u>'i Kr-i^< I^i. - U-L 'j/1 - ^ U^ "(j^V J hj V

u Ip/J,

Yf^/oO

J*OW Lj^LVJ-I-V^JL ^,0 VtA/'H 1^' ^^j^o^-Yifyi' '^fad/otyj i/^*^fj{/^^fy^(j) 1

a-' JlM gf-r-^i/^ ^ ^ cr^^/YA

!■(/< "{/jJJO'J-'^" <^

Oyp 'j 1 ^ 1

'&etfl,&iun{ff*>fy '&£■ • 'fa&f-lHi

'^y.1 "i/1^^"^1'^'v

VLV'U^ 'Jy^ ji>j ^ ^ ^

- j£ if^ Vy'V J £l[}Ly'1

^\}\(j>^^ifO>jJ>^' if &?sj 0/&tCtf.*J\<>> ■jtJJ'is-) h

JL u^ //lj A <Z~

- u'y ^ ^ \/^j-//-4-yif*0>X>-^/',j) 1

^i(/Mjisix<(/t} y *?<if. yj'

tfo, ■ j i/J^^J/o i

jyW-s^'-'j (i//''i^A

u"'/^l^i '^>.]iJ'1^1 y*it/o^•'

cJ&iifcjiH&.jhyiif' kjy.itfd.^'f/d - ^r^tc J"^'

^2ZJ-£ts-/fj*y* (i> Kflb ^j^'1 ^ o£ifO 'iyd^<Jrl li \^^Jr^- -dlj^ ^-d- k ^ - MC^odiJ'd^i. l^-(J»l>j -L? C^Jaj^-'jlif

' ^ ^^1

JJ\ yCJ*^03 ■^■(fu.33^3 ^ ^ ^-Mjy^^ii-^'disi'y'i/l-^r\:JJ''y-iddb^'dy j^jiJ"^jiiU:Uj'j''^utS-^>U-'ted(')d>*-'1

fri/< ffy'M *& fMy" vyi" ^

o^ui ^j^cCoi" -oTll ^

ijyCyfa

~C'/J^jy' ,(J ^/j'-'J' iik-^' 5^'

j^"^- If'

- [JtfjUil\tc^LJl^[bib\ji /l-^''^iP'-1

t/1 yu>^'«!»^1.^.'-^IJI\£^-yS , r

A^l -f /^.. ■ £C*t?^ i^fo'p>fi'~'.0J k i/V

t y 'A/Ji/y v1 "- ^

•(<4 ' ^>^1/ ^ )4tV

fff

j^iSy^1 "H'fb -^yjy^y^yj^c^^

i/J hyyft viJPuyj&'i^iy^

uii^y&i^x.joy^iiij&JiiJkji yy.jfio)/

'J~y^'iSj>>-/iiyj'_j^i/>^lyf'ii'J''H^iliY'

lii ' ■*-/y,

*&^jl)jy,j»yjy^ Jif Ji^'I ^^)Y\fr&>^>\£o\t.uy^v\si_-^\,jj\>{iyi/.

yjpV'^yI^i*J.3:fix^*£:*Y:1>^J:'>'-\

£-'yyy^3i'yi£'y'$j>h»yJi'/t£'j*£'*^£'^o>"- *

Mo'' ot Wo" 'J''>OI~-." ^

^icJ-^i^yfifityt'o ^ j u'c^!/^/ j f-^c^

-jyfa^v.oJis/^fc-J:'^'"

ysi>^\yoh^y?^yyy'ji,:!y*'w^&'ji

^,,tf)'^w^yi^<d**'yji'j'''if"'hJ''jiT>u'fa')^

^^[t\,i&jJ&\el,h(rii>&W'^tei&l\/-j^oi'/

osti-/2<-d>d',is&vs'^^>si-dj'My:di*'>y* i-fti/' «ii

ffl*"

hiJh^CX^t

fil<s=£.(jfi/J'l,&i}jj pAsuz^i/J j> ijj:^

6^ £(f.^

i ti'Ji^iyjyf/sjf'J-'i\j/^S/ji ii O/

•<d>j> biii^ tr^jJ (J/t^iycK'

I l/l>'l U Ij <--^/'^-«f jJ -y) (pjjy* J iiyoDf^i^'y 1/JLp lvi^<=-J 1^ b'-J&j'iL_

«2</

(Vrtf

0iy>yLL^/>---^^yi^iW^^"4 ^;i> i

. tJij^i4^<j^^tf'^l"i:u'*:i:

^i ^4u>;auA^iiJ/^4t''^i^'i;')y"'''v'^ ^

^b-ivri/' ^^ jj }^fayJs\sJ^^\l£j-j&>*^l>,J^Jfr''-s(Sf'

(Zewemer) /j^^J^0/^'~^

(I-fH

^b^y^^oy: ^is^h 'Jdj^ "•■ d ^/oi/' J-»'t/c'l^1 A-^'

/*—\(/iy^isii/^^isfe\{J'\<JrisJ3iji] )<£ri/.

y' ■ ^ ftrC/^L-

diJ\iy~di&yif■-r^1

e^"'-'\SljU>i>^tL./i yy^'lSj ^1 "J^'

iMj}\£/\j'^Q \.<ZrCC[e

y/fjj'j -y \{jy

r\y(jJiJjAj^(jJ>i '

'£±Cv> &1

: jS^iy^Ls IP 1i^lip

^^l'^Jc^->(/' ■ u°>Ji>'y LX-^- 1>?I ^

ft*

j L^j l^-^ Vi 'uJ-^/tL,v?^ i ^

^J,)lj^/C If <J^ ^ - [Zi/jdJus; ^1/-

vji ttiV/J^- J-. '<4^ "J^o^di-Js/^C^^"' ^■"^d.-^j/ ^dk-Awfa- i'^tis/d^'/A^'/?-^ (faJlilJl/jM" Wl "J-■ ■ l/Add'd-.d^Zd-yA

C\ £ A d.J^^r - '•»:

/^£>i W,#^"- C

i-d i - A'sJ-''' A"^- i!■^Jisiv^1'' t^ti

T^yV^uyz ^ AA1/'"1X;V''" ?■*? j* i yyVd ^ ^(Z1' tjl^'z 0

- 1 - i.; ^ f1^; -• / 'J^> ^

tZ^jMjjUI^IJHtlpI ItfllSI. j'l&&uzJUJ'(fji^(/>=jj£/,lizJl^i ^'jOiyi^j-'. iici

l&J* dLt'^'1 jbjJ&^gL.^Xi £. ]-jje~&'=£o>j,y o&hi}>i(foiX~r^r'

& ^^t/y^Lri/iJ y.^iy tifi \yf^(/_o U L; 'tr^^ ^fijfd ^ ^ - ^r>i>^/^y U ^ L

•/y^&ty)^yi(y^j\j[j\rfy^\s5^jM\.j\jJii XsLji^l

3 Uj-i f^Jb^ii-1'

wry < "^.yr" ot.

^ L.lh. S'L} '^ ~

U(&\

^ \ J^y/s^'ecyyui^'^

o/^ifi]lf.1" -^-'j( b C ^"(/o-'-'-^J U/? -E^J l--<; iJ < <; (V^/-

(jfcif6^ -j/'ij^j^/jX^i)^ ur^jCJ^. -JJMJI ojir)L j^</.

t'c^y^tr^r ^ |^-' 'yo-3 •"

^'cu"j)\ c^r"cu^u/ ^ <c>31^ OW'(/iM JU^/W JI

(5/^ G ^ .^_J &jlS'}^\'J>lJph(fi»L£Q\. <^JL>l ^ U> L ^ S-

^--=r ^ ^l

•JuX^-Jl'X/Zs X-t-X^X ±Lb ty/jffC \j'yjuL/^\/j, jl^

/j , u />■

L^o'LJ I^I/

pV'

Ci y; j;/-"-' d1-^'-^-OTuj

fi^J}^ \ ''^jj^'Ajl^'^ J'l -^r d!>Ji;if-i;

slsu-mn,ic^-rt!iJii^y'Jiv^-ui^>ifcjl

^ _J d^J id I j i c^yifcl (J u ^ -^, - ^r dV

'<£,[/» ii-r-iHi/i'^fe^f"-^' ^

yfy

j[>&-fy^iS^&^y^diiSijii^Oi$/*zrVjJaift^'/lit

'' 'i*'*"tfjis

i/j. ji- J ^1 ^^01 ^.^'(jy £' ^ I ^ 1(^1^1^ "

^ ^ (/ i^vi-jt L/jJU^OI ^L'

^^''^J^ifo/^t^-£.'jljr'k/^'j^->JJl "\J^J , ,

'MV^uutSI ^[A-^y-j^Ayy. y>Mi^-j&il/iijyl)Ao&'A-i-'''

j y? ^'* y y' x tA" yjyyi^Ayd.4:^'>^yA&sAu'&'^U'i

- ^-rc^ y^AA^ yj-i'j.

pr'

^01'ji^JL- '-i -^(S, ^ ^ ^ '^A 'ci'cK1

iifAfyf^lf'1

cj&yjJp&y^ ^jk

"y "i/oy //.y ^^jcyjjy^hy'^oy> i ^

< J< ((/Jl U^fULkvl^kfUj a!^

^J^y^j) \yjJ^sX 'j? Kt. js^y ^/j 0 i/if.j

^ayj ^u/^^y^c/^y1 &

' '^j ir^ - ^ J/^(jy*

- Ul> JvbljpJ^l y/jy^J-yi I J^Usi-J^ j/ ^{iiy^j-jtL. .^lyyyy \o>, t/L-^yi jy^/y'' t^r ^ i>^4 w- -^r y ■^r t'/ou^y^y )/<Ly \^ijyyj>J-'h)\2~ u-'

.^y'y.yjj /j j i/^ix^L^/^t^voj

^ \.y^yy tyy ^ yyy/'-^yy y y "j i}j1 'y-tXy <■ ^yXjy.yX X^x'y

yjsty yxxyy'y^h, "^y^y*" ^ y "y^y ^'yy^yy^y"'^ '

i "■ :~J&>J^ i iCDfoti ^j^Lf

^\£t>&X'SV]P'^{j$>JuioA^j£ti&>'lJi>i0^f'- "jVvSS&l*

*C\pyj}."^J&r"tfO'■sJij/1

irV-"''''-,' "*^-J-^J " 'f'-"/'' aWjA

y ut ^ y* \Pj& AJ^JtZ-iy^S/V- ^^'it-z^iOiiSj^l-u

^ ^ '>( :'y. op ^

"^Hf

«^r^A/'ok "Hajj is man's evolution toward Allah. It is a symbolic demonstration of the philosophy of the creation of Adam. To further illustrate this, it may be stated that the performance of Hajj is a simultaneous show of many things, it is a "show of creation", a "show of history", a "show of unity'^a "show of the Islamic idealogy" and a "show of the Umma". xl-i '

c^Uss- LAL Li IfjD.-r ^ if i J U"-^'

j_S^A ^ ^ o/jj

Uy, IX Jl 'Hajj" ■■ft/'tffo <&

6\iS<M&if'

I"1'

j>I J:»i

i^yl^jSl^j/i^iJi-^^ k^o^'JiiSfaX^Oyi*

" j\f 'f "Ift/'i L/tCll/j*1 "JU " jif Jhj^"&i/*!■

2- lij&l/ U* Ufi&Ms&y cfy ifay ^o^-O[j> (/^^"(/^'■^cJ i

" j\fj^"- ^

g; ^ijj^' > . ^ '(j 'jij ^

v-ai 1^

°fpj 'W'«-^ ^ fr^ —s^J 'iXfi/yyi

$*%>)'iSrS'tf' 'J^y/ U>^'|1

■*zrj& tfojiytz^f/sejgfiat's

i-j ftli-" ly IV^V^/V ^'l'r"^{(fiJ d'^^-

dKfi /V'^^t^'^U' .■ ^rfL>/- ^^j^'^-iji/jf tijl u^JO^V^sL \)dSiC jJ- "•.*£--ij*f~'Z~ ^: U U1^ jj t/J^T1 ^ ^-*r-\J ^ktiy/A& ft-£'

j J'/>y/Jj y/y^ij/

■ ■ ■ ^/iA ('/^^ ^^r (S^^AY'</-

jr^i I jf

iS^ti/- *tj'll£J- ^r

-U^ p/.^X'o? "^"(/'j^' "

iV - (JL^OT/-"' ^ c±5

yj;^j^i)i^J^'|^|^"^vi'«!r--=^'u^

aili-1' l^/j'^jJ^J jfr&^y^'0WJ,$3-)'^J/^^'y*y'iil' . }/ i-

jy^&.\zJ,WoJiycLo^'*'^j'''-^J&''frV

X ikt^

u? (/■ y/*^ ^ ^ ^J "u3 w1 ^ j -5 1 ^

nL ^ ^I,) ,, ■,.,. A-^tf1

fi-'n/'tjfef'-'^fA'"'111

pr-

f~y.'y^' 2,jfi ''-rtr^ J.'J-^:! L ^ L'J J^^Jf^.lijj^JiJ ulJJI^

jj! <-"' ^ '"'^{'■yy'y'->'J|-'-j| f }^y^y —'J'-rS ^ t/^>i/,i/Jy>^(/JijyJk>i£jiJ

t{i/MyJ

O'^'^liirti^faJl'jhti HI) HCttyLytfyClJ,),. ^Sty\>Aif^ii^^('t£^lj'li>ifoC)u>/it'£.l'jl,,l^

uJl UM'/oi'.'J'iO&lSM/o^'J'IOi'^J l< ^.IjCSf «J J,f

^■U?il''^'.Ji<^/'bP'j>\k£jil^jff....

itlSV)4/^lSjy/^lf/rJ^^r'eylili^/j^,j,il/l., i^lSl/-jl^Jjtj^uf'(£j(jjjjil^j;1£<^yyJ.tj^.jjji &/?> ^ hj'^'y - (//

'i/jJj.f.yojifai.fy/jfi, (^Ji* "-ffy-rO ^»ij '^--.J^j^. i ^iy

fc/l

ovA

VoOA^AAAS' **

jS j'j^. u-/C' y. ^ ^AAAY AJ-^ 'Ah*' A- 'ytizAbvcH* 'Ay^AY-A-l'^-'^^'A- ^

yAAy °J'

1SJL',iJJ\{J-± C

(O,^! /twJ.'C- - j=f

i'/jjyJ.y/wj^^-^.j,jj,i../):> -^hrr^fA/'y

-■ '^-^vv o^AiAUso y ~-~- y-^j^d:'-^-J\/&j\i:i-JW^\i\>\

'c'■i yy

:(^j!A'iy^r^'iS'/h "yiA-jyyjAy ydyifyt/'Hri

M?" •yyi'dy^yyj^y^y \^(^\

- £>>&/> ^y^y^jy^o^'^yy^-y yyyAy!h/^.^^'jby£0sjJ-,\ y'yj " ^y'lfyoytUS'AA'. j --i/,s. A^-jjy i

w^t/'iijiy; 'OV/- •

(/f/f

M&h-J.' wy 'fa ,

, _ _ - i^-" y.^ ^r j ^ ^

'yjf^yyi-vfay^fafa'yry ^jjyy'- ^ 'jifa-^ ^

U i^ivJtfjrdfafa'^i''

J-&M ^ wMfa* ^

-—; \.j- -'^jy/fi'

(VpV

j[?yM/^' . ^ jp

yiSj>'i'-4^-!J:y.vistii/^-y^ (tf^a'^jj^c^.y^ y —jM^y/ju ^y!te/Jyyji-/iiJ(ylf'0la6

j . ~ '^rfS'S

^y/^^.-y>%y\/yjy.p.^'bLy.

-y-iS'^jjAiy&'^uj&i, ^yj^rciuy ^ - '. • /

oi^V l^jeJliui,; 'y '^dyyyl.it^.^yijt^

as'Jl-

. tjylo&^y^J^'PV'^^f'f*'

J;>-J/'if^^'i/'-^ ^ if-"1 jAr^J1^ .pjjsi.j'ii\j^A^'A^"^AwAi£A ^7. Ji Wd) i'j ^

Ij^br--.. U Wl/lC/f^/l i ijj^

.,>>JL>i'y bis ' ijlv-ifU- >'

yy i ^ '■'—/—

di^owjci. y/y'>Xjfj[^-^o£^wcfj{&*4oy'J*HS'j>'±

^-^i^sXljjro^'Ao}ifj'jiiti/ij:^r

-'>j-'^ ^ j ^'.if.^ '*&-->'+y''j_^L i^yj i

:-ty^1 lrSLi^1 - j; A./. n"'J'iitfel'.) &>' £S

*& " ^ J-jJ-St)Ifl'

ft&)JjM&sK>"ii'^>dfcl{(^oy/?^y-di

,^J}^.^i'/^djy'ii.>d^>^

(✓(/A

-'(/iS. -■-< 1/' L J/J I v1

{/''O^f (Archeoloeican^jcyXJ^U^i/lj^, j^U,;^l?l/-a,/^tL-f/

-^^yf'j^Ui?/&iJiJy^^Jj^/&jij^o>jj/^jA{f/ Ji^ t^ir/li^-Yo —^ .;tJ IJ^ l^ij^J^Jy

1 Kr'^ 1 KPJ/7(jlf^ 2k fat'*12:

-%/ ^J4j4&^w\$.l£*ii)llfyw tfitoufi' (^jo -&

4^Ji>v^WL'a;iL<;'ll/Ujjijir-a^-^«y1^'^,«4' j>^J> ^JjJJPj>^-ij/j'- ^^iy-fi<iv6i^"'jM-Lt'''V "C^7^

^^£^M*L$*'j&y^Juj\^j>*lizris',J4-Ss:

j> L uw^/1

ir^i/jUr u^i^j^J^'yiyrL) i,')1^

^■jx&x^m,if.J?&is)*'(t>(">x/Xf' - L«?w6aJ

«-' -Ji^ ''/fajjd'Arf O&l£s(fjJh<=L.

. syi/fj(>

^y51> tiiyyois.'^ "JU/A/S "^D I J Li>^ii ^ > h) I ' °y. j/x^j/w^/i j j^du^' ji ^'y^y^iioyjjy *10^/'"

^ <j£y£Lyij>(/ijyjc)ttiff jty>yj tyyt - yy^

jyyy^1 ^yfy-jy.'-*.- * '^yy< c ^ ifyyyytf 1 isj'/i & hj^x/i yy

\^rXy\^ijV'^\Jcy^ yyy^^yoyvysjZjsi^fy&/Si/i'^yfil£ijy^jisi

(Vi^/i *y,'»j\y\±ij*A&'\~s" £%■ Liit/i "iaH ^

tr^afiuySiA

^lt^j^>Ji-^r&&(S'\i- ^i^'ti ystyS''

^Cu-ki,/; w>yPa^"Sy-*-S'1 ' ' " ^IS'V

/^Uj jJJ^e^-^v ly"1^ 'i'&<-V'. y' '&1 ^

par

fl'i^^'C^A'OJ\iroM/'fjf,/1>''i'y:-'lj5S'^6'>U Jii'j'ci!j&^P1'^/is_,»ji J~> u't,

d,' i ^ ve C •■, L' JfeJ. OfJ.tf-i-'/bjCf'jA-J^CJIr^*^l;r(flJf 1/^

W\*o>>o\4-Zv i> if i/^yriycJijj.' /^. i

l/tr)^lVa/,y? c4f

Hi/' ^

^ii/&.&s(i'\_f/*£jxe(,jyw

- - - ji^-1^ ^.J-yby-yyyjoSJfr'M^y ■ lyd^ic'J'''^'^/' siiy£ty')£,j\rj'i^>byj J-^d^

Wl/J1 1

^ Jfaj-jw -1 aii/^w^^^jfj'iy'j^ J^ji1

if< ^ o.yf ■^■y. if.^diis''/Jid<'f't;

cd}!fy^ydyiy>fjf*<'j'iyyiyyii.f(r'<rd:Oi'w c^'ijO)hy-jdc/iifdiii^fif'ii-i-}^J''"^/'

^jnyy-yiiiy^i-yyiy •&

ffip'

bl^Ov&'^P'^/OljIflfJsL -JlZt-b&J,

cJl ^ ^/^|Jr>?- isjii "ji iJif/^y^

- J/ > I f& /#/*Z'iJ'i>y'i(f//J'

/^VJO^^/Z^-f, ■■■■ '^i/J^Wei

OJ ^.*4:0 & t cf j?\$>/&?l ^>(> JtS Jji-jfyej^li piS^"jljJi (f jj)J?C' l>jJo [rj i/'^1^-

t (i/l»5j JJI ijtei^y^ £, i Jf&fMWyjijjjSijjsl cj^ "{»(r\^i ) (Jj '-4^ ij-^1- Csi/y^r^f-) ■^r * ^ ^ o! i (P t 'jXZ

I ^rfi/'sji^Jjlf^ qyJ^ySjJi; (/ It/' 'Wlct-j1'" "^fJ^" ^

fi/' ((Jtu^t^*>J/)lS^&[y^ ai^"

If -' AA " -r

\r :(SJ$&&oWyfo "■ " -K

H jj^s^ " <■ -iv jy (jj)\Sui\jft*> * -6

r r Y

cD/j

^ / -a=^/

& [y*" r^- *C^/<L

j-, i/_u ^ 1

'O.fibj&jA) *—1/. k!' ^0' t c^CJ ^ Cf-

0£jljjjiOj}^oJ*Jl/^^j21 ^ 14 \AJdS''jSr(tiJ'J*.i

obuAfi uyz^eo^i/^1 'wi&Jed-1 WuA/s^&J'*

- U b/(Out-dated)"/t '>

jLf^ ^ t^i/- ^ ^

,1*(/i(WA)t£'ljSJt&'i?

I; t vfiH

*C0\ V^iJi^;>iyjl<Li})j\jjJ'l/jr\j-. t/;

- ljefajlf()tfji'^lfXjtful'Jl&jp bOJl^i) OjLCf^jfj J^^l/L^jlj/Jxs<c>!/' ^ufJ- j r lfj^'/oi-&^l/(/lojif^iJ>ilfj);J £sj)\if[jOuzJ^\^u ,yr

ex^ yjji - 'ZrJ'j ^1 >l'**£-'1 X'JJ t ji fy i»: u i tfjJ'>QlJ(Sj^^s£?'doi

10}[jj^J^'j)\J{J>j\M I /oijirj^ c [yJ-_ -*r

lCLPI i ijrjLz

^£Z>^^jiij^JiX^^O>i'.'>lJl^~T'rj{i'

Wt/'

*z~0^/tOy?*J^jd^iS%eJi'tfLrcf:/faf>-^ ''

is'iftffisi/^u'y. '-=r ^ W ^-'•,l &i.i/o?OZ-'ZrJ&^

oi}-&Aj?^i/-^./''>^&uy^^rf/*'

-^-J^'yJ7^;' iV--4' ^ 'f jdjO'U^

r ' SH'.^J^jj

^ti'l?('l«'u;4'^?J'l't '■^-O^lii^r -^l/"^^

- l^^tk/V^'oi Cfi/' (tf'tr^^(^Cj'^'«'-^'''r'u''' ^ fjj/l rt1 ^

"-XXdid'^'O^ J if'f"

0^f^.^-o/^;^ify^>j >0,1^1/. ttiji- 4^"- eZ-i} U'JjSi "> c^-jjJ^^Jijjitj'h?} L-

J.

l^ \sj£>yj>33 ^^ If J<

"X?! Lif^ ^tf ilsiJjf/''>y&j3\ gj/

'tli^'"j'*j&>i'-^r'>Vlj!ll)V'if'i^'Hf!^-dl'*^\{lis&.2i

C11 ' iJ?

ri^'iiA^^-^i^J^ic^j^jt?,-(>|yt:c/->tLj,^Vv^j;' ^

uiJ 'iSi.&^tfZct j/ou-^y^cji l^iy/yyir'4^i0it

.\Jjj£A?i^o/&is.}/^&J^cyj'>^ \^>\\j/tl£ij^^

f'C Uijjjlt. Uif/tf/tzz.jiJf'J'; }(f'Q^jJjt,Lflj'ijji<zrj

oft ji ]^L '^J L'/^ f'

OZdtoZ.^U'Z^''^

• - «^-' yisZ^^jfr cs^/o \^'SZ-'-/,-jZ] j 1

yijSJtfklcJZC^Jl/Jjj/jJL^^eZ'/l/tyl&l) IrCs^ ^dlJ3J'?ul utof^^-^Ohj/o^ <^jdiJ i^y i jfe <^u>> Jyj Ur^'ifz/-Ji l/^J'^Zt'"1 ^ "^"SUi. 6

■Hi/' (Jtljfjtfjfl&ist alSS

(tfouj^lrf\foi&iy^^,>ifo*&y^ut\/i'2'J'-''/s't*'

- Air?'j*

jj^ ^/-'^ ^i/o 11"

^:^/l^AjJi>if^ji{id''^is^^J^-l!J'i ^

f'^!j>y^/' -1/*is^ -y^'y~/j~J- : (/. h&yy'ot

iJ^ji J tj (-=-^V ^

^jjj>y. ^yy~i

\ti.i\^rfHt§i\jX)ISjy*"fs\i** mjiM<'lyjjj-foA^

flf

^A/, ^ -C^-iS313 f1-^ Lf^fC ytjw/I '.' iV(/j ^ t/1 - (/ti £/ JO1 ^ jax>

Mff'&yii' Ltyjry/Li^jjji^j u i u-t/"^ '>? y^i "J

iX^^s^>L^^uif4Jr/( ^ i ii^Jl,1^j>\P' i /i/i »> Ljj f^u/ L u;)

y y^jjii^-,^.

<L Ui- ■ ^y^'Jyf/fr 3oti^j-J br^w

t/'- Si. ja3 t^fJ ^ L^Uix^Wy^ "ty^iy

'^y L/^r-U <; (jflyl/jjl

LtiS^) 't&lJj^(f.^S^&'''ojJ&Vv\.^j<sL

a(/'Wi-&jl,if

Jiji/tf.JU^yj, itiiA —• I/i/Cijiitf

, ^y>i^^i^if'i>'^-^U'ty^u;ii-

«((/< n^oj^rr-'^^f

i I,/ oA^C^'Jj^

(/I - UA-JU- "< " ifl ^,-4:^'Jtf/ i/t ^

"- - ■ -il&ts'SohufisjJ/<£&{/i&\/

' tii/^ l//^r-- •

4_>»Uewii. Uly --=r

yvHity/i t6t;-^ j> il>^j i'Jy «^ jv CJ

^ tjiJ^ 14"

■^i^lflfi ttJ-,J& J-*1,

JlMfc i')i^^&jJ^i'}>di-^-'£''(3/ii-'£- 'Iffuf

siOUvj^.-^'y.^o^[if.^''^'liy^'ayJy'^'^-

'-^j

'art 'dy^y'i"is»>^i^'L-

, j i ^ y^jyy ^ i /-r-^ '^/^yy - ^j^yy-A^y -^^-^yyy^t ^\}^y

y. jfj/v^A y rj//y^ Jo^y yy/y/t^-' ^"

^ybs'jj^£z^lJ> t L/JJfUUS CjJ/« (

yA/,V] "'j^cfijy, Ik- ^ly^O^. £u>^ O^J- bt) \J-jj \pj^i\<\ vi&sjj,

'^tJ ^ ^h^^jJs-Q ^Z&iJj.j'\A.yt2~/^0,^

y ■ BDv^^'^Wv' <&yA

dAj^lj^O^1 '-l^Xz nia ^i/L/ijj&^ 1^5, y lA^yy^MyrffufJi ^jsIJ<=Z~J&ly^iyAjif L/ fyo^gyAyi. Ls jt>j} J^'J /^>J>5|J 03'^:'js\

Vc^'^ AJJA A'J ■ &A^0\yyj'cf\J0>&ii]yj ^y iJi^tylyAtilAJJeA/hd

U/h ">^r

ff i W o^

__,T.

^ 1 "J

2^:ji^S'.^A/o^A^''J'J',y^*^^

,^>V.vkj'l^u^u:y;-^V-e^;^'-'l''c'^ j5-f^y''^~i]~>-'A'<''-'J-l'4Ai'iS>,jr''^-'^-'''' '1

-j*yflfi>'A^&''i?]*Ate^^Jo'fy'K S -f '

rfv-rK't/ <

' LA 01 'u^^/i/u^ij^l^i '/' "yAjf Y^iTjjjt

-^'jirjlUr/J't^frlf- A./jjbjLz^'duijx^s3^ jf&Ss&cZ- &(/**& \hj'^')^\^> -4.' <-4 't1 WSJ) (ij- .• ^tv 'jiu i

2'/4ifj>y'jj/*rzQ. y^Ci^o^^jy^o "

'oyt -"^^y^-yy.'- Blackwell

ud ^yAdy-yd-o^ ^ ^"di&b'/Olf-^

j//^V).I^^C^l-

't]>'(w'A"ijiSiifi Kh

ii!>"CvA/^^^>i>'j^j>>^^u^ti;ui^r sindair

mftfisrij/iis^i^jWtfMjufii'jf^y iB-1

,;>>r/^.!'11 Kr"^Lk-'^^^

"They Call me Carpenter''

>j) ijj tftj i—('

OJ>jUJ)\&$&*'\<&&Jl)>:)£,y\-

^ I^.^rJ/^> ^ ^ bi/v/^^O'S J >1; >£ < w^-)

:t/fJ - Jl — t''isi'j^U-tf'x^ c^jii"33^ '»jP" o;

9^(1^1 -U 1 wit/-1

"- -/'IKO'I < /I* u r Uff' ^If-I w'cJly " - f

"... rwrfjZ jjj&jb;)>ji&&J(jy^LZjJ^Ll}jJliS4j' wr-jji: i dUtfjOi "' f

J-j/Jy^i i9(>'fj/< f'/iS^if^ ^ V'V-^ ^

ali-'

(V<I

"- ^^Jf^JiSjliyitf/" '■^roi t/^Y^Ji^ **-/■ "- --iSM dA'£o>jJ'<Zr'Z'/sS& J -ets//' - r

tijijisd' 'A^■/^i-/j'i}'iY'> ^"Y

•» < JUJi'^i iJ/fjY? ■iJ^lYl/. if

j ^' os o ^ ^'Ji

^iLCVL^y^ii U"

i)|V< Aa< , IA<<I^I»<Mi<|(vp'<(p'K'<i^)<i»'^it'd<ir'-<ir,/»

iC't/' (

J&l)' cl> ,J^^j/>- J.^- tfcs&tj' ^V VtJ-ji-J^ yl/our^ilM-V c/-/

:^y rViS'jM^-*-->,}$1"-1

.^^u> V tJ </■ i^y J U ^ /y^iJuvU^' /^

^IjilLzjUil/ jLsUis^s^/p'Sjl'ty&Jr^^vJjJ ^V" - r

^'-"t/ ^4Jf JU/*J\03ySji i t^i-^/y'-i/i.^^ Firaun

{Srty) /19 ^ 19»'/U/Of w (>^i^'; >■|'(,','jJ,-r'|'v''-y * * * v *

(^>; >■ i9<><s^y f ^

f.'C

/i./1 ;ur/5i iS ■auo" "aon" JlfJ'JlSiJ'lt ^

"Carrion"

jU^val jl^Cfyl^L>i^U>iJL.-^^d^''f,/' "-/^'V - 4

Jtl - 'Jua^u-^-^1/slay Kill '-^ ■ o/, K'r'-t-* •rjiiSS-j^

jyj1J j'd^J^ a^-l/Crucify uP J^'tif 1^- \j/(fs.-^-^ttJ.^'

c—

"They neither sent him to the cross nor killed him". ^doi

(Srtyj l^fiStJ^/ Woj^js}\)St\r (Ssty) nW/SV*';/ " - " " ^ {Syby?) nw •&*,'<*" " * '' ^

f'^^"!/./<'-('&'i-!iJ:yri'ji-ip&isjii'"!if'yojii

c/^ 'L&&S jur^-^r ijilM < ( J cO£j Gj-\\Ss j ^//j tftfjf<s>-/

j/f wyM-*=~&^J)\y bJijy^- os,

<. cr^-^t/i v'- ^ fyystjj rj. i^ui/ (-..^_

j* i i'^diS-f^fifo i - ^jJt>

{Ssty) W* fryWvJ<(/iJiy/V('t{jrii~'yt dZ- {yy^) n^tyujs'pyaojJi^^j^^^

fiO

lA *=£. (plT )\J\/^^)tf/j'ji' Wh^f

- < [£/)'L//'J/ U^/£ (// ^ >' j I "jTl^V-Jfy} J ^L^iqi

f'dii'

>/—{/jsjtz- O^Si* d/>^yi', ou^ 4^^' If'/^/L^f'^'^4 iSt'J^l^c/i.'-'^r-i^/* /19 / L5-Cr4;^t/)>^JU. ^ ^-(£^<^1 ^ k ^'i 9 r

^ ^-jij$ji "oy>" i nirr

1[jy<jfi*t')IOliyJyjl )(/o31^11 - / ^(jfioi? kOtai'/ifo^^/.-^^^O^ji/^O1-^

- Jt u?lS/&6 ^ li^/'/t/os^ ^y/?- t

t^O/^fyJi'^r ^6 ^^'^('19 *9; "(jMij^"^^^) ^ wiTs^^'jir^w \/^[lj]ljy\j^r iv oj^-1^2.

ruft "tfMjyj "JiyA/y/ ^

(W

~ 'S' :iJ "■^--^^ Ztfif 'J^j **'' o^'o''^ t \ i, ^ (Tr J l/r'j ^l^y-L t/1 - ^-V ^pw/i-zrisf-is,

Jfygtfjy'm y? 'u^ .$tfi(>/itteJi ^S* '^1''

^*- 'yf^ Doyy_ t-U^. 3USI/- l-IV , ■^yT'alif

\ ^ t3 ii^-'Jy,^ ^ '*>(1

-x-isi/t fifj/itf'rJ'iiii, 'II11* *

—i",' ^ j) ^yj- C* i^y'i.;,^ j j-'jy - ^ ^

jtoV-^r'^-■£'---yt/.y/ ■

t-n t/' ^ fi-iy

'j>i 'is^-^^i/.j^'iJ'-^-il'i-j-J^'io^ii O^-^-'h " i iCfl/'f—>— ty. - l^l^-^-ji >&-^^.\/jiY. i<---/J>if.^-^/i,ijj1-'{> -£1 -.;

tCt^W ^T^/f "-1: I

^ fj/^.

- /JCJlJUy^- h 1 'W1 f

/^■.l> VI CyoLLstyJ JjJ/ & vb^ifj ^ijj^^- CaStfJjjejs. Cyiffirfj

l-K o" ' ^ H*y>*Sj3A ^ \r<c/ <

'/ly/c OV&io^^.Jfyrj/J

/W'/tl/fd-U^O' ^jtjjij'l

"iAutv.

M'JlopSyjfyiiyfr i/yj'/^ijyjj^y «- y^Myk-tiQiZ^rsfi

^ a- /jJij

J^/^CjjJ °Jb'-' '^t

tLyi^CoiA/yiM? y'-zA^d'^J^/i

e- ,■ Jr V J t J^:J.

J^iAf'/oA'^r^y, ^ J^/'■^(Hof/f Jy/i/M'u'.sA'y''^'

j~\'' * •' bA

jijAo

lj Ly/^

CjA/f IJ4- '-^(J-^'c/ii^ -?''- ^ ^ O&iS^i/. °A' ^ J;'

lw/U>l ^0/J\^\^Jj-j^:xf\J^tsT\j/> ti"ij\Pi»J "

^ L^/zWaH^iiV^jJ [/^Sjd \Ji. [/-y^/ tfsfi v

"\^?y)^y^y ^ ^ j^/>

- y^$^o''y:i3jk-','''ji tj1

^LyT/^u^t-j^/j^iJj^J\Syo>yfl/'Jj-jV'y*ri\" ^ "-oy, fyy e&f^(fiA^ijfju£-ti>ijyS&

^ ^ 'y^i yi y>{j^(fmdj^y'<A\

■ dy^jy^xj'c/^ JitjyjAijjii y\yo» ^/^yryA}" - -d'jigvS'iiJjtij,

n; !/»(/< (jjiyfjifjfii&ijA

(VA*1

'm^fe-stiit^'/O i .j/i I i 0fOy°^ ^ ^ V ^ r^-'^r 1^ ^

!- tiji-^-y ^ijjs^} -/i ti/^- s'

oU'' J^^j>^J'^('li;V>^'ltJ-iU'ij;ib,-'t<'-rjUi:''f

(^yM •j>'i/Ji?'-''!il|>Yy^l;,-^ ^

^v^dnv. (oidt. ^li^j^^^W-t^jvyi/jfti/ - AytyJ^X^jfsolrj?

isi.

^ ^^'j-l.' j 0 ^f>;> (/'- ' I9-" 0p^) PQ'JP'/-tX^A^iJ>X''oPt/' K ^ i'X 'r^' Xj/tL

<v!^ ^—^J.

ijijP'o ^'-A^ Pj/ lP' X P & t'yt^^-^/j/'^-i' 1 -

lSs=yPij,^P'=^S i jCi. (J^t ''uPj/^'jisXJ^ ^

lA^- jfcf^Ab9^ "rJp* Vd*' (J''PfJ *J£

pX*'

j"(s* '■^^ud^f'Ss3

•!2-'

^/i-.- ^ i/?,. 1 /" t ^-'l

.ui y^'li j-^-ii ^ri1 ;L/^CK- '-< ^

6j ^yy y, 1 Y-^-jj1 ^

^-tf^ ry' ,'"''''y7''-'|/t^i'^>'^^

vJ'tWorf-'/t" ^ \fJ''^y>/'<'d>^,Y ^

V*6

IS^J^1 03 I "■» LJ^L LJl

^^/\iibl^a&^J,lc£ ■ j:'^' I cllf^'ljl'/ti/i/l

nJij/utcw,

i ^ - ■£_ l->^£ if' V' 'l/JJ i

"ioiy* t rijjjl(f Ihfjjji " "l^'

(VA>i

l^jjl:

C^/J.j^j^iilicii^iSA'^'lii'^^-iSLt'r1"'^'-

foe

^ub* us;'ULfi ^

* J'i2~:^->ii}jt]d',j**''>Sss,{sniJ\&tiU/d^jj> S&' ^ (^-i-y tLjAicrtf* fa&jh/jrjl?

j/jvii/o)j>o]/*-jij&f-/ tfi/,' '0;^>V ^ J iJ i

.<zj:JO y^c-^c^j 'Ji/'

jij)y/*zrCy%ljti U^/ -fJw

(f(

(vXA

1^ l() jW^1-

^(S^f-/0U e>/*—£/$: '^(/'^ '-^r (/''-ci- J^Xx^ vY^S* Oij-'xfj/

X- iX^/y k' ^ - £xLa&/>te/'Z/bMfciio i/

l^'^Xc/xW,l/^l ->-V \>i0^. t

&i ^Y/j/ofO 0': LfX" JK^ "XJ ir^jjiX / ^ ~<£Z.isC Uci/ LJf^l «s^ '^IT ^SJ&Ji

-Ji^, ^ ^O-yi^1

d^J _

r-'YOn/ -"jtyZ" aIST

sX.'/ Ijjy ^Jjwh

? 1 1 t J 'V^^r ifo'J ^/ji^ ^'(/1 l'

U/-s^/jLft/l>-i->fl If'

^ iv o u i

Ji- j/^l^U>/i'J/t-i.

yijx^y lyjij^uy^y/'iS^ '\JLr £?.?. -y^jjjf^ i i)r jir- uj^j ^-^i/Z/s/uyv^

-1/v/c/yXy^-(/(j&sy; jij [/*■■ -ijj^y 'i/^ ^

L>iij/syij (fX L-^-f Uu^ L'Hji/j1

-j>'-f^(iJ.-i^Jr\.]£yyy^'»^A^

Pti)i('i;^ftti iit/i(j;wljitKi'ip^ aiif r*a t/ iiXLf'^i/'^?J'J Ej ^^

i.1;^/...- '\ J

jtejJieiy'jfj')-^~C\J>\JJL I^l^yij-Jy l/.i ■J'ur/^"J#>)J"}. fyjijlJ-(/.

oy.^& >\JlS^ ijihf 1^*1-

l&'Jt'jjij&[(fs L>.

£-/ yjji ii 'sytfdisf&'Z- 1/

/jj,1L l^csy

ru f*,/' wu jyj-/o ^

fll

^ & l- ■i'£~i/1 --■ ^tfjf'^ii/' ^(/j'^>" •*Zr(^ L&i/y&V

J^jij)\ujJ> Jdi ^ j>\ jb'^jH./Jt - V/,j?J)^^s)//-/^yr>^M&)>

*Zy& ^^ly IjjIiS*1 L^lJj^/iJ^jlyC I -|

ij^lsjc */■,'. I 'Jk c:^'1 j'^-; J^o'^

"J'fctity/rfty^&^ii^jl'/''' •li'

tit

- U'^- yi/J' / MyJg^ ^Xc/j1'

"iS>/*y"Jic/^^ey A-JlAd^Y- - U^l" "JtitrvL^"

Cdi ^ "^j O "J'J^j'-y.cy \j

jiili j} is L) Ui-sij _/i - \hy>)j)\*Ji)ij\jj*?jM\/j'j\^ Y?

j^J\^ Cifu/^J ^

^^/^^OiPi^jytxi;. ifA

y cA-^syAAs-y Q -'/j. - / A.j jA'j^"

*z-u?.JyiO I ^r £$> ^d/^oAyy^y/jyiSt-"'/ *

p'c/' ^

c»«

*y£tsy>iiybyy'y^-&Jj&J'/'i'x'dc^£&ii'.-'-. ^ :s. ^ '^yy

y ^^

Jj^>y.--y^yjy>Jyyf^yy^-\y^/A y tj^iiyyyyyA-'A ■>[[/'> j'M'^isyyiic''j>: ^.a:<.&ty,'^Al{oi^4&&uSiyii'oyi\>?-/''')

^ y ^ i... ^:^-1 -^-

stfj^y^Mijyw^&ysyj.A^SsiKyy y^iAy^yd^yyyyyj-yjy-^/C''^^-" ■y-jyy.'i

tj t iyyjif aEi a^/'"-^W>ry"'^l^.•,. rYfl-rrvs,/*

V(/y^ &y^c?i j^'ycfj^ j ■»>

-4- "■^-0^ *" "fj'-i/ij/tfi/s ^tfi/1 "S-i U^Oi^ i

--r^^c^r ^pijSSJ-,

Ij i^O^y-o/l-

OL-jlu'jjli^i^jLCO)^IJasjtjyiiL^y^l}?IsJ" L tx

/i^J^{i's'yJ»»Vi^>^Zi50,jrzj_^\#s-o\

tfj '

fid

'^jA^jfj]/3^ sy^^ui^/>ij6y/>c*$\}\J3\ i«y^vo'J^)o^j

'^y/i^U}3 u^y i/oJUyi/f^'(j^loiu>iJ^LO') ^ji

ojj>JU&MJP^JQU i ^ ">£•*'*<»J''ij'>\J Cj)S!>ls

& ii^M - .fjijy

^ld^3ofy&^^/i&^jyifcl>csJj\jSiy&i}s'

I fj] hi ■=V4 ^ i -J-^J ^ •=rAU<=w'^r

il^f i 'y^i/f^ji'J,,

^ •ZriQiZy^lltS' -JM'

I-'V'«£I M' < •g.^ry &

yOAUtej'J* ^-'ui (I Ko'Ufj'l/lAi

Jl 'yjt\\il^^^y^'^'^y»*^- _ l/ ^

pyfyj^J'^cii'- i^r/jt- >iiA

(!/if/''&^.''(S£vP&.&tf*'0^'s£ "^b"

^yuj/^ '.(i»jW(b t yii'i'i ijai s-i^I E'yl?^"(/,■

fj1"''-? "j/'fci'-^'isy "Z-'

(*)<

^ i""jLS 'Z^1 V1^ '

-u^.

- Cfj^1^)03 tJ—'Cfjejj fr^i^Jr^irfi)^!^ »>v'o^

Z?.>(^cZ ^-t/t^Jj;/^ ^^c/c/'-^r

J^l <■ 1^ bj>ji/j^tf//^i^j^{^/^ \y)ft£j - *£r\i>/&j}laZ\.*£

^(/'liy^ ^ ^1^ ^y^ ^Ui-Z

- tZZ-bs*/iZZ*l/'f^l-'jT' ^-i>

^\faj) Iw-'i^V^'w' 1 ifi) 'J J»J'j^dl]'"

^Jrjt/ '^^ji;^/1^^-^ 1-'

1 J IfV V1^ il I ^ 0 h c^/^jdijl

oJv^'-^iJ'A^^f/o lo' J \jJi& \/jf i—0. —£/* L^i^/y ^"/i^j^^-j )b^) U ^

Sj &1 ^>l^ift'/Jis4i/J^^iS^3ii,'>i!o)]>

-^J$\6£-/>('&<4sy\o}»

. if^" b' ^ y

/(jy^ Jv-■■ ^.'yjio^'/. j. zyj en jisjk k'/i'ict oPyy/'

CIA

^ x^j-jfi. ■ui^y^itv/>(sj;_/si/ji/ioi^^&'

^1-=^ l0jfa&cCCS'£ff

-■^-ipj

''WHJJ!nd^^nw)^yj^yijoi^;-<^

Ji " . ■ ■ -/ "^^{}'"'u

^L-lJiO^M jf^O&lD^J <0**-^

■ JjM uyihi^M i ,

ClJlfilJ-USt ; |>^V

Vd l> 0) t^oi^LCL/'^r^y^^-'^

l/; ^ ^ ^' b-r-'li f'1^;4^-'^'-4^1^' &-diV^jj^'}

A^j,oUipJis>^J°upyy^^P'Z-^>yy- yj I jiyVls J2K J>"-H tS'i/p^'te' *&

0'\

' "Perennial Philosophy"

IJ Uf. 'J-jyMjtf

^T O-'f i IJ^OxZ*' L-r' "ej/X-rfut? ^ JUti- tjM >lsOfljL**j/,ji

lj'h)l

/oY>>J'^ifJ^(j&J{f'-u^d^1

oj»y&£> tifi^-yitfi J^(i*i(&lr?oio\sysu/b

^AiyUJl/^Jlfh*\&lJ>^0:\?'J',><^^iiy/ I^Ml </'(/?&&

fAtV'"<£v'" ^

jS/\. ■J-

(^}^ul/ui/-S'hjl)

I ^*ji'^/iK{$'j>\ Wj!(S>lfJly/l tfs* ^ l^>2e^ ^1/^0)1"^^

--^r^ n ? i (V jii^/

wPi^>t ^o)jjj)\^, lV J k^-c/'-^t/^1-'J-^

^-t^jlU 'ojjJ^ji )S'f»jUi)'jWy/c&,J'^" &

n-r

ti'a^Afyct'O&i fi&tfAtfJiyi'/dl/^^u}'^ u> u; (ffdd u-y> J Uy u^^ c ^

j/t^/'jjp^ ty ojljClfair - ^-t^iy-L^^J i .3/ Ir'

^j^&iS*f'j(tijj'.i t^t/:

J hfi L ■^■(jJ^-'-^J- (/' (/j'/w't-ci- J fA' j-J UI jl^'lA^J L5- L/i-L^

'I?ifjy&'/'lf.^&JiAdo 1^- ,^^°^Ji.''jijifsCJ?c£(fSJJ

-ijttL'yi^-j/ij3^>^r^/ijdJI JJ \i~4kJj> i

wiS"}fA ifdc/J1-c?

jytfiUj/" uvj-n - ^J~/j&y^^Jrjj t-ifjyytfJ-jk 'J&j l^t*>

- j/, tyj?' 'ix

<5.y

e^,^-Jijtr">

J V,Jifjhljj t !^/1

i/.jt-i fjSlS&'c vjj?

fy'jttity ^♦' (^-f-"

- - ■^T\ij\j\J{V'^~ii)jtJL\f'ji,

\J^e--isy}'^p "p^j^o^utc/ ri}LyJC>^ Iz/j/^I^T

- iJij2^/'sy''i''j>

Jj i J^h^c! '^g^ '(/j^r rjjf''-" 'cfi/j ^ i •< ^Jj/I/Jfy/ fi'^V cH1-'^ «i^ KNOt/i <&

a-b

fa' ' f'f^f11 ^ i fa

'fafaiAijyfafa^^r6 oi"/fa^fajVf:

fa fayt

^dW/'-'' fa^ui 1

\^'J ijt i^jifao^C e£-> "rr1^1

- - 0 y-^r/^^fafa-i fafa'o '> -fa faofa^fafaj/rfa^d^5y^^(Sfaifa:'oj^

j/tjjfa'' tfjzsfa' ly, i t> i/J fafai/.iffa fa '■K

^ I CC'fa^ J-J tfajfa^T yt/r. ">yfay

/tyyjifa(/y&o>jto1 - di *:fa^fa'^- ojj

/£<£- jfiy^^i/i fa^-jyfafat-zyfaj*1 </''-' '-^^(X/1

jfafa'tJ'jfa1 "^^^faifa^fafaijj faif-fafa

A' (/' 5IU"/- «£' &

a-i

l/iit

UijlJjjijl .^av ,ji_i 10//JjsjJ'jr

J: : ^ ^

Sj/l\/^tr[siJai-fy^i^U>lj^.JiJ*li'ly-/" ^iffj/fij/^ yei. Uy—y

L C^o'-' ^ 0 1 i j"

liill/^f'[rt' du' j_L^I

. . -w' (■(■<</ ^li.J.>>" ^

6"

- ty^fJ'

JI - ( !/ J '-^fiJ/Jj J~'''

i ■/- fai/^ySAy 'f- &■*-&. >y

, ^^ y~'] ^i/.-y* ,■J,

4*hjuy&:>So*y'*LJi-:riS"hi'o?'/■^■^^'■u^ • >j ^/. j/- '—

^ 't/jJ-f3Ai^ir^r.^^Vyji, . l/vcfe 'c^T-

^iSp-'d/^ yJ^ifP '^'^'jy^/'-^y-:

l'*iJ'Hj>lAfJdiy?r'\:^ ^

ii-

tfju^cvj^s^u/uir '>:!S'-&J,,^&,I4 Vu-h^i/kf,

' 4yLji \ijrfs\-J I i ^ -"tw

j^S1 at ^ U' j ) 4 !■ ii ^

^ iSj>i>y}Ciiy - 3 ~y -'l' —v"1 '^Lj^vJ^-lJ^L/llj^jL^-^l >

1 I (f^-j^ J \S^".^rC 4

- 'J'**:zliy/ot/'^Or'i-'^rC&&zM.\vijUa,

II v (f-"^; jkKi't^ <2? f^./UVCJJT^l/jJW J2?

^ tXJ (fj^ 'J^^jj^, ts-hy-jk^u i L

t ,t"- . ^ ,3 L-i"! tJiJ'-Xi

^J{f\.Ji±£" (jj}li) "yji oj J»

j^i/jf hsirts^Ji ty^isJis/ic) 1 j\jji " j< vr

t (jy^t/'T^ ^-4^ (/, '^'^v-l/"J \jJ.*z- &■>>/* iZ-yi ^(jy/W ^/*zr'i&&'-Jd'*~ y.

^ J t Vj IJ '<£}/[J)\ Syl/^c

■■*rltoitSi'0&S J\JJl^>^> ^yjis U< 'J^-"1 y*- "j'tej-Js* " ^/>}cjyA k O'/j'^y l cj i

% oy^yAyy^'i/1^ ly ip'y^ fo>jA&^Jy%y>y?M /-*>'

^ fcj/j Uc* djtftfiiLJi I >)///_} ^ L-W J1 Olv^ g l>J li " ^ ^iflXS^1 istyi&dj* |-'-=n/^f- ^ ^1 ^ ^/^c/1 b

^ j '/jk ' c;^"^Jt^^-jj tju^i J'/j i/

^l/la^jtr^l 0->y^7jC^-s^11 •• -=7-^ ^ ^y0^

a—; Js/^t ■^Ts ?; j y* 'P^/-r ^■^-f

RiehlJtJy-"^

^1 •j:l\^\irM&'ifyizrC{'/j_>y*L*Clf, -<dj^'/ii/

j, & v' 1 "ti "/y ^ i£/]XiUj' *£yly./ji.eyyilii>iS'' Iwii

(JitfjJ*) »>$!* (y^)/0 (l/fci/-

CWtfinW) ■'■^^■'HO-J,^"^>Ji "lI'WV "U^ The "t(l\W)

j*f'J^>fl"Jiyi{l,&*Z^)\iJ'^[V-a') psychology of Leadership hi I 01 ^1 -> ^ lie/ ^

jLiiJIi/Z' IU*J- iijl/ "

/o J"^VvT"-' ^ ^i.^i.j'\J l> »-^i ^ll/j l^'ot j?jt CA.'1'

^cyL&yi^jji' y -i-tP.L Lvj^V^-"0^yjJ' ""^-f'1' K ^-r'1^' •-^' (/'jjl^'yt' liijslMxf CliS "Oi^r;1

Alp'

o'' ^-y.^Xj'^

^ij\/*zrCC' lfl/«jlX I-tLsZ-J-Jft i1j)I ' H i a w^5l J>Xuh'-i

tfSjs *,y\jj}X(Jjj))^*-j3-'>liJ&l*~>JQ/i Point of Saturation

(>J}> C ^ ^ V-^d^rr 1

fy>(D tXfaY"" u'

- ^ ^ i/Xj

(^<01 AJ^e^r'l/- ^ iA>^u«=^A^'A'jA*Ji/'

dwuCcj'/'t u}fX'c//A \/yjjJ^'/X,>^ «-

- ^IAjiAAAiS"* "j" A,1^

\\H(/'"(fJ^>rA^" oZ-

eiA

ij^j^c^^VAia tjji i '^'l^t/Soj^aid'*iji/t^&o^4jij'jrfij,ii/yU

DjK - (ff&iJ^>J- ^!; j/'U-V

'^- 1^/W»> VjtZ- 'M-i) ">-i,^U/" ^L/g^jr'L lPf4£aLyJ-&

S-t^r i

^ History of Modern Philosophy

Swciali-^by}lJllJi-jPtfJsl,J^,ixij,j^yil.i_/ljt

LM^zsbjjyi j u^j) i ^

dlH

^ ijslb} 5 ^"i-jC/jy^^^^J1

t/jifif* ^ j-J^s^^ofaiot °/'*~^ ^ ^i>uc l/'C^/IS, /y>\ irf 5,^ i)^t ^ ^ ^ Jj1!^ &iJ;/oJ<£:is;y

{^^> 'j&''j^f.\j,Xt °>Jy ^ j^l/^ ^

\j)\J^^[ iS't iJjO^ C ^O^'^Jl 'i}j^6jJ\Jio^ }+< "•• U^^U.^CJ^/^1

£^J>.-iv 1 -

iSjUkStfJ/j> LifUk^ I' li/yj^ -^-CJLwijv t/' Kj^iZ-i-^'-^ J"*

" aj- ^/c^'cr^JC'l^V^l'^rai'

>$&'/£ ^

t>\*

'/Ol"

UvWd# ; ji>^

■Ui/i. ^ '^J^' b/y&jffjji!\jsY,'jp-^/j)\J^j\ ('J&^J If^jlj^iP L£S/(C^y^j'^Jll i^Ly {&LJtj)ljLtJ'i y\y"itf\}j3lfi

}J>

^ ^ Ojj^jjii) ti,j1 J f^i/i 11!/jj> foji^-ii j fj\/J\j)/

(XJI'(/S&^/^lsA.Uyu^ - L? ^ Jy^i l/ ffctJ U^ ^\}j3j Vfaf&yZ.d -bOi/l

' ^ (I £-J^iy i J,<J 1X ^ jjy f cd.

<=L ^v/J/^J^^JC/J iji/ - ul<sM Lf 1

^^W*(S/&L)l J^JSJI /e^-Oslri/ojlX (J '/ig^/ty^/jiLl iyf^

h ^ o^Jlj^-jt^ }pj ^\j\^lj

,&ps^j?tfi^LXtf,J'&f\^xsp

Jji^Jij lit

-uictf^/af&jS'y Jj I - ^ypii^uJrW^yi^r-Aj u^j^vU-^J^L "JiCii

tyS-fyu ^(^Lt-^-os, d o tpy.jyy

li^y i/"j!i L-2^ "//sri -'-^{f, j/^y z^'S-lrfaypa/ot" ^1X

(Jifl

J^JjSjJyy? 'y-^A.

I Kj^^T

J: ^j^yyhi

jlyfoji" gT "J: J*uZ^OilyJ'^CJ\dyai - &^

■^Vj?

:A»ilUe£^±=£ ^ I IJ^vua' i^ J-'1

YHYi t"ili/< cJi- ^■'y^j'j'/Hijoiu! jSitM'^yi ^"t ifti */£"" »Jt

^K-tfrOiJ - is,'J&^JS, .ytfy",'/ijti^ < >mA Ai*6C*4iftd t/Ui£^

J3^- /l Ul£^ J'j '■■^y 'J'u

'4J'^l^W^ste^-iJ,>jsijrl/,

-r—X^ioJ\>j,x^.i—^^\,^x^-\-y^j_^J.

j^-r c^u> -i- &lj&l-i -c,

r'rSH^'M&i'-/)SW'w>J''iA'~,°'*': ^

Jf:J''>f> I Aj* ^A-i 'j^wAjyiA^uAA-y^A*S^rjy

>ifJ'

y^l^^JjjjPt/jrJ-O ij1 Lj-^T a ^ ^ o

ttdi-AAyy:- _ a'

y. ji

t Pyrrho S.^'O'/A" '^'Ut^A Ukfyvliltj/l Sextus Empiricus -1 'feu, fnny^.-n, fr'/ypwy>&ifJi'4-y •'/?'(**

(,yy

■"-4eift)is'

^iS^iS.^*'p^''A)tuJ&ilsf>Vsl'Jiji*sif\.tzrr/ (jiJltfj -jf &I&JI6L, l^rft/cjUlLyfJ

'.^y r^jy^. ^ frjj, IJa> [i a, 1: ^ (

tW^l'-4/^Jl'^>(rA.^//,^\OitCis'j^ij,:f i±- ^■^ufj,-"' ,: J* jjOy/Wttfji i_j

^Wt^c/Y X^, [j u "^P'i "jy^' ^X^iS'^

r\j)jij£ I l"y1

tfi-yyt"^ yU JX-fjJ fXiJfOiji"

^iX'/o^X ^Zy/j^X^^A ^t/'/

CX/X^iS, 'tz- Z/j.>X' Z/j**>'>1 tyo-fy-z*

)^. >,/^- r/ 1" yy^t

z./ifW1 ^ u^-:^

j^>j^ " 'd&Xtf'VLj, "yy"

rft y ' (5fi--py ^ r'^t/'f^-'b ">-i't/-,l{''' a^ in j/' ^

•.Ji2.'^,Ly JjJ*>/o 0 L^J; Uijt^'c "

^ij?Jr<s2jtsi{£{)i/£/s'\t

ljSirP>^\jJi^/Jjtfj*) 't^jihJi^SjjU^"

(Uj&

I'm

' y^Ku-jX^j- lO^XtJi 2.JY j;J*U-/'i.MOAr^. Li/

^ ^ 'jJ:'/ " ^ •-^.fMiy'

I'Il/' yi'-|--J|/ »!!• r-yi "ciU'lUJi- »15 S1-'^"' "!1 Wi/' Aii-V Ji

^fi/' Sl-J'-r •C

off

iji'Mj~'/'£&P./i "y't/y '^'ot^

). Jenet's History of the Problem of Philosophy 2. Hegel's History of Philosophy 3. Lange's History of Materialism 4. George Grote's Plato (Vol-1) 5. W. Wallace's Epicureanism 6. W. Wallace's Stoicism

-■ yyC*^3^ '-^J

dKX

7. Harald Hoffding's A History of Modern Philosophy 8. Frazer's Life of Berkley 9. Mill's Autobiography

10. Duncan's Life & Letters of H. Spencer

- II 'SV

ijtJJ

C/o^L-/ Epicureanism ^'l/^'l^t

"His skin too was so tender that, any dress beyond a mere tunic was unbearable.... Instead of the revelry and the dainty dishes which we should probably associate with the name epicure, we find a meal of plain bread and water with half a pint of light wine occasionally added. "Send me", says Epicurus, m one of his letters, "send me some cheese of Cynthos, so that when I will I may fare sumptuously. The life ol the Epicurean circle attempted to inculcate plain living not as duty, but as a pleasure."

^t/ <ZS fli/' "Epicureanism" ^

OYt

l>^l/liyVl-!/^«^-l''s:-'i^'&;''J^4:^lXV1';5'1

Jjj 111I £ jf/Zir^^Sil3

?i,t4j:2.y>:\i\Y^u&£'\$jJ-2£slo^J>eS'f&J\

"A dreadful famine in the city was the consequence, the necessaries of life began to fail. A bushel of salt sold for twenty shillings, and for a peck of wheat people were willing to pay more than ten pounds. In one house a father and son were sitting in moody despair: suddenly a dead mouse fell from the roof, and the two wretched creatures sprang up and fought over the tiny prey. Epicurus and his companions managed to subsist on beans, counted out in equal numbers to each member of the household."

s-s^W

i i 1 - 1 jS)

p'P't/ ' Epicureanism a—'

Jr-2 ■ k ^^ |/jj LZf Itf tp^y' 10^

"He very soon began to doubt the Mosaic theology, this aroused the suspicion of the Jewish theologians, and this, in turn, caused him to hold himself aloof from the synagogue... Under the influence of this, intellectual tendencies streaming in upon him from all sides, Spinoza's views led him farther and farther from the synagogue. His public defection was anticipated, and, in order to avert it, an attempt was made to detain him by the offer of yearly pension... He was now solemnly expelled from the Jewish congregation. His enemies even succeeded — since the Protestant clergy also considered him to be dangerous man -- in procuring his temporary banishment from Amsterdam." fcDi

He gained his livelihood by polishing optical glasses, a skill which he owed to his rabbinical education, as every young Rabbi is obliged to learn a trade." tt£t'

ojiC i 'i/Upy KLIQ/|

" a!3 Y^i " A History of Modern Philosophy P&jjy «Ii

A History of Modern Philosophy "■^X'jjy

0)^. 'CSiJy^J;f*S--J^J>\ cvbjVjJU "

If Cy>lP'

^ l74t/ \ ct^-t V'^/vC

"In order to justify their concentration on practical matters, and their rejection of abstract or theoretical speculation, some of the sophists developed a very negative and skeptical theory of knowledge. This theory is summed up in Protagoras remark that "man is the measure of all things", and the statement of his fellow sophist, Gorgias, that "nothing exists, and if it did, nobody could know it, and if they knew it, they could not communicate this knowledge". Protagoras and Gorgias were interpreted as saying that men are not capable of knowing what is really going on in the world, and that all that they can know is what appears to each of them to be the case Pach man is the measure of what seems to him to be true." &

JUf^J L? i J Jr* i-y ctZ

y\ij" ImioJuclioH to Philosophy *:•£[_*tC

of-

De moc r itus d^-^:' ^ i'/. \ '> \:*Sj\ojJ^ jJ-ZA ^

Kanada J^&3Xs^j>/j,\ ^ yi>0^ yj31*-?jfti"- MJJU>J

^ L^/j^l l^- i/y ^Js/^XpJj)^ --- u lUIVO"

if^^Jj&tu^l/jjilst^,/1- I^Lb^V-zal ^ I tf^dO'-J1 >1

d 1/VJtf f KV^'aj^

- '^olv> o)j^)S'{SjPJ.yj^^\j'C)^\j/jjJ

CjL "-^-c^1-5 -L/

itifi^j/^'ilfi^c^^t *3 if/j/i Uil

'{y?: 'ij^y ^ "

"Scepticism makes its appearance usually, but not always, when the spiritual forces of a race are in decay. When its spiritual and intellectual impulses are spent, the spirit flags, grows weary, loses confidence, begins to doubt its power of finding truth, and the despair of truth is skepticism." &

tCjt \,Jl>^£. OOy^^/l^l

ijj)j i/j, i & !^-"j ^ ^c/'-'-' VJ ^1 ■ '£rl/tiffo I CoJofail" fajJpjlj o -J^ " I jij - jilf,,

Critical History of Creek Philosophy •■j^-y ^

[ft 1OJ ,'=^- iS, inb^ej

^i(Utjjj){Hj.*)>U 0j)\'&ji>Sj>$"J>\'^jjA "o}^)jj\j <zrjj5l/iu/l//jj«'iejf ■jtf'S? ij )J^\/ \. tJji\t)>\f:LZj\tlfi\\lJo-Ji'^;*[jJ

Isj/J 0 </' < L r^'-si. jt/",/^" J " J/'V

(6>fj Vtl i/'^'yT'-^'of/Js/

■u'lfij'#' 3)'j?1

Xyp ^ A1'cCJji^d^.'ifs^si/Ijybyi^-o IJ

i^i/i/fyya?^

ifj&.jtUrjjjJ^ ij ii^y i c;/i ^ -y. '^l/^r(S}/y'J ^*rO\

ory

^oiti"i'&slf "tfi/ji, jS_ ".ji^- s.' jJ)i ..Jf

is'-'^i.^^aCi<jl(fiji/[£hu?o^jiJU.&lJt£'y^

LVIiOp "

"J ^ '' ^ C^-*Sy' vj

j tOJ j/^-'V

j)h\p'\t^, jflJ-s^jyi tfjit isj\; ifjz^j fyiiSyf^ci^ -Jw^j "^L^^j&cfsiZ'

-^JUV*

U^jL-Jl^ Cjtffatifjilj l^yt/j^S\^J'^/\j)I J-J)l^l£S^11

<>(/' "J^ *o^^JjJ} I ^iy?" ^ 0(/l Xty ^

& Uoi1 j ^ ^ J^/e}'

v t-j ULs-^'ijiijj w^- ^ tzJC/'fj (PJ^CS-JUJ

o 1 "y^vL^ ^ ^ J 1

iJ&S, l," His/ory o/ IfssKmPfa/Jsop/iy l/^^^,;^'?l,^^^ ^Mu'^^'ti'^J" History of Modern Philosophy ^OlA^J>oio>tyl^J^h(/!<oOtl/,i^'i^!>/^>AiJi^'' . - rory y vj Pragmatis.n L' -L^'^■>-^-11J^ ^l Existenlial'Sir- jjfajjJ) J"'

®k ^>c 1 ^ J t 'j

Jl^lJlAe^t/l^0 i>JpC^/j3(/; >J>\(jtfiJ'{

osi ^ ojL/i ">Uu/j.;/;f/t^yj^jt'^/j''vbI (*zriflJJ&V

'' ^ J-*r &A/1

i$J3^&(/*£-*--i>td-J3jiS' i ^cK isjifyjji k ^$J \^j\ ■ ijprf

oy LSl/ix^i-^'^ J ^JoLV^r

j^yy /j^iJ ^^r jM/j ^jy^j3 '>^^o a^'-1/

o/i/^yu^y-^^1 readable ^ ■■ l^Uy Jy^^J^-^^OLxTl" uf

-^r y^i/foj yy hdizr yy yo'^ ^1 y"

^^jy^jJiyy^zjWlyfy^z^^, vizj ^ c/'->-^jr';::rk-,-^V'

xLf-o '^yy^o 1 c^i^irif 11 ^^ •.Jiy^y'^ji Jlj -c£ 'c£t-S/*

<• if;/ i >-i,' 4j^

i£o I "hlfS . \

^.i/A 0-

j^tZ-jjShsjU>J^S^isV^ -r

u^d^d^'cH- trf J / >^boM Wj/ci- ^ "tJf VV- J^/jjj^- J iljyc^y'/^J j^j'-jZ Uy lJ\}jvy.j^>~s If

tyuy^is 'c^uLO ip^V/ J^T

: ^jy^^/^A-b^irfyJU'zy/zspi."- r &&.tiz;\scJjfC tf^SjJ')l^(/f^;&\j^&y'jji yy^t

1 u lyof^ooji t/iftiyj &

cw < ro(/< #u£/(/- ^ 11 "i^u^^u-d" acir"

bfi

^(&3(}tJ^(/J^£,/(/< (J,'j?)Ji^(fA/StJ&&jJ''li[si£,

^(f^j/ij sJ-j/s a i K/'-^v ic/t^y^s^

Ji>yU fftfi-lTlf ji^' i/»»L^^«£^-i/l>-w'y/

biJiJisSji&jytjij) 14iUf y ^jj/^O^J'y^^/iSi

1 ^fv^1

^ '^o^$^4^iy/j]S^&y^j>/y'" - o (/. r>i'

jjiPi ^ ^ b v^{jfiJ.ij/%&/>z ^yjz &3 |-'U/£'^a£. (p l^j^Kt/'c^1 1

3 ^ i/ d^a^'^c/1 ^ -^Wj/ *22 fd<r?Ji"jyiy>-s\^Js" «&

J- tI clottyJ/

03jJ.\

L'^. Palatable<■>-e~-Jir^j/f ^ U «> 0 iij I ^^d-/"^'if-r**^1J ^ V 1 -^J&<*"*{L

(^ ^)i}' Vt/^ ^ ^/^i/^- <-4- -> -> ^ ^ {/^'s)^.j\si"-.. bjij, '^JI^

t'iJ/ ; u -^/; > tr^j )0-- L- - i

-■=rV^^'"-^^,-/:^^i/|<si'^

'kS/LyW'.i/U^I ^ i> < U U (/>-J t^l i^OJ J/

<SV1

iJlj "& ft'cfe

sjio

'^—iSK.*' ^1 ^ jj*1"

01' Kfy"*- ^'^J^jj^'ijiz: Ij/ ^ iJoV^/O^Ai^Xj^^J'Jl ^-y^iflS-'i'^^1

*& ^&£/Xo&>$j\£\tbZ ^oj^tfij^ic^yrf.oA &}AX JOji 1<=^J/'U^I '

oj '<^/.iy'y'j\3'^x/ofjpOjjj/- ^h'^yurtfy^Ly '/. OJ^O'^y)'"^ tVJ'^^ CKII^J*1

J>i^_ y'loyjpi^^^ ji^y / ' ^ji'1 ^y.}.> ^ li (A" K^-ctO^-''

^ -j-.j^y A A

,>(>1 < <> f "Jj^- < VJ) rt/^ ^ ^

> COS^A-Ujl - j^^Cyc^J>4/'(^ 0 kJ"J 1

j>lU!^^oi(V^^j^f^i/l^li)l>J<ihifc£1^

c^/ ^J>J, tfj \*LA (< 5^ iJ t /f-i^ j/tfj 'tiyrJi^

. jjf

^-A-s > ^3A^\J!-J\^)J>\^ J ^

" £llZl's~Jj";)l(>'Wf') "^l^f>Jj Vt'^w^^-c/i/^/1-^

('Hia^yj" Psychology of Leadership WiSJ-OJ^t^^O*-® ijfdd

- ^ J u^fjr^//0?

dp'l

t/ 01 Xf. ^JXXCJJX u #>f ^X^/KJAJL Sy'J-JtX' '£-r& 11-%\ cdl & ^ 1 ^ JrJjZjXf

I c/dot^>Xj3'ut.J-,':'J X iS^i3-1 >0^liO^XjsLly4<&lb'U

j^L^ijXX&LXi/X '•^ - & ^Xt?j31^. I'/X'O )J:

J&x. oXx^/Xi}X^XXXpj>= -XXXxxx -(/Xi'wv V'r<

/^jX/c■ji^^ISX-X i oj/X^M^ t/\ ^1--£^ J l/j 1^ ^U-i1

"AiX^X^XiJf^x^jic-(wj o&XX*''/^'^ "physiolo8y" "iM&IJ*"iXuxXz-X ^XotPoX^oj/x^MXi/1'X'X XLXif X^ri/^/X^si/'oy^1 ^XjXoi-al HXXtXtyy 'old 1 jyH;, \jif^y Xm a i ^tJ ^ lX/r^X JiftXX' ijXol^X-X/^J^'-i

'X.X/

\j>tfPlLSlX-t^3-^JJ'ut 1 |(H A^'l>i£rw'U'

d?Y

"j.jfo^Jrw>ors-*z~WLfy;i ifj-uji-fs f -ctji&ot

j6 ^ l t- .>--i/ Dieletics

(Vegetarians)

U^ bu jls^vy'4^^ -4. cf/^/V^'4-1

j>S^ij'Ao,&- jr " li^

ifc/l/1 ]A^ tL>jXo ufoj^A i0 'J. ^■f}t>1 \io>JSrii/^,-)/>'',^'^i ^

11>0>^ bj ^I «;<> i if a

i^rty J,i^jJf'(-^-4- y^'AM "■'

ty^^/C.^O^Jj^OP's <" East & WesSJiv^Jfyl *£ "A Psycho-ethical Aspect of Flesh-eating"

&■•ji/jl^,/^ t/jj t - l^Jfu^

1 '*'■^4 - 'Ji

'j/s, nu^y, l''

rryt yyji/ *& ?JW'M.,r-''*Jti*'' •&

*4 4 f fj l J>« ir^^l uvil j i oL^.

. ' --**■

y_ "..J.

$&yy'ij^"^iS&sl02j2j^^\,j,£yj^.M)

If'^^y/^'h^yy.^t/^j^jipy^Jj JI, ^ ■- f^J'^yjp^^/i Ite/j(.j/

'J:-£^<~>-z-y.M>*<L-\,2.[{^jir't^{f'0,]i^l[Jx •JA'~ yl^&T Uti^-Ji/^ i _ ^i/.^Py^Soy

»y a^vis *£i wWctJijyi}-&

OVb

y.c/'/JAi^^y^^y^j/^r. ^ j/ l/^/-jj ^-JiioZ- - ^(jycJ'" 'C:>yh/^o'/jyA^

- ^sj- IT If/J 1 (J-^- ^ tA'1

^J> <'cvL>'>-i''"jf0^^ ^t^j1>*JIJ^'

v>^". ^AJO) €lj lc&J ^ vl^ij-. ^.^J^,- f^1 K'[ ^|^,'J»-i,-/^!)"»i't> /Ob^T-J

utw^ Vc/V1-^-"^^^

■JZ^'^\ijj'^''^\>i£r i> (ffci^ 'j ^yy iti "

La> "-^JX

Wil/.J^^^A Lev

^^c/t^L^r's'-^ '

-dJzs,

if'A^uA^'Lectures CJ^jy^d^y. I l>tS/iJ|/«*^sL Uv^/i-^uj fJij(/.0&

du&>jlj'l-j/j&)djfijOljJjr^tflJlyf'Ji:/&ljriihSI(Jv'^

//A^ rn ((V^OL/J —L-Lw./^

"1, therefore, in presenting this book to the public, ask for indulgence and hope that mf critics will bear in mind that it is my first attempt of the kind, that the subject is specially difficult to understand and to express plainly in a new language, that it is full of technical terms, that I had no beaten track to follow, there being no book in Urdu from which I could derive help in translating the substance of Hamilton's Lectures....'1 ^63 •. u iJA.

"A glossary of difficult and technical terms, with their English equivalents has also been appended for easy reference, and with the hope that others who, having passed the University Examinations, intend to cooperate with the Punjab University in the praiseworthy attempt to diffuse Western sciences through the medium of the Vernaculars, will not be disheartened in their task by finding themselves altogether on trackless ground." J 1/^11/ '>b: /

Jet! i

t/i

Hi/" IS / VaJJ ai*

ar'A

JJ ^yijJjl i J i ki/Ljlf I < o LjfobfS & ^jfjil^lu^j^'' IS I 14 & L> i ^Jj.y^nijh i/s/t^.

yjJ tsf^a U-A<: '-4^'

^c=- ^ jfol

U ■ ■ ■S',J/rt< -^r

-jo ^&<rfj^^'Jlojj>^*r>ru: ou/^/

Jlj^-J^ u^ir i/. is*^ijj'JiJl<s£ij/jlji'j'; J'^ifcit/isjizjibLAz^'i

•. fc\ "Till very lately this field has been entirely virgin. In recent times, however, a few investigators have taken up the work in hand among whom M. Gustave Le Bon in France; Professor McDougall and Dr. Mercier in England and Professor Giddings and Boris Sidis (the author cf that highly informative work: "The Psychology of Suggestion") in America, deserve particular mention. To all of them the present writer is indel.cd; but to M. Le Bon he wishes to express his special obligation whose works he has found most suggestive and stimulating. Of the result of M. Le Bon's investigations he has availed himself most freely, but in justice to himself, he is bound to add that there is not a single statement made in the following pages, no matter however originally suggested to him. the truth of which he has not arrived at by the means of his own observation or some

independent evidence". ftSJ?

^ ^{i 1 (} f'tf oWd ^ i/.J

llo"' The Psychology of Leadership tflZ 0'if

bb-

fjJ^'&.Jl^ ^fo^U > j'^O'-i./()" kr^JO1

^'-f/^d^Ji (Poh* j^/i-oi^-y.

^ - ^tft.l>»1/

Os* iohltJLS'hjfj ^^/ctc/

.- lr>> ^ I < ^ ' t/^J.

&>&}£? L&JW.XY'jJ^.Jjb tij'jJS' sj0ij\^UiSvyffay3&3[fe^tfj?ijy/>'}>Z''u^J^ ^L^'

1 'b/J' 1 j^-VdK-' t[/i-&itJuii &

Oli^'ljidi $ t jif U^o L-d"^ L> JJ -^Sr -f -• t/JJ" '> ^ h >J^ I

j '^J ^'j/iSjJ^^^.fi-L 3)^ & i'

bb\

j y1^-w •' j J tyi ^o1 '.y

^ j uj^;'^ J / -V^ V71 oJ 1 ^

j^/rfr'' -jfliiBi^.''" PiV'1.-"!-ii'-rr*"' J^-'f1 •a^i't<5:1^■,!',

'J '■sjiju-jid-ft wt/t

try; (/o:\x i iCfe/kfj Ur'^'yV

^r-J\yjijj,l -^^>^/yf^'wi)C't^Jl>

ij^ i> >JJ ^ U»J 'Uf u-^'irf-"^ t J^1 "^'" jy i?'' ^ ju'Uj' d^j/y

Jl^/y^l/^ 3/^1 ^ tfjy zjijj ijisdj r^>i^ij?^jij2^3jJ

ij-rfjZj]jf3>&/?$'>

i/tfffteiiLy1 ^'flUfiJU/^/^r-j'^y te/ifyJ^'j-i/Ui'^'j^ ^Joy^v/S/P ^/^3/^if}

$03*31 ^^^,0 ' ' '

"tzL i - 'j-^ iS-'fct i fy^ '&iJf'/iJ>'jji (JJI^J

!/r trlr^'^foT fy^^1 (J J'^-1 ^ - -Sr-J* w/

'JUSS/^L/WJ} j u> / '.^•jS/JM cy

" - J c^1 ^yy^iy*'^ ^i/^"-4 dtf, ^y" L'-»r jy ^/&fvijt &V\]iij&[2 ^y?tytf'\e)Jf/l ><y?c/ioy^y^jy-^&

iffcT* J w^'^r-i'^' ^ ^ Jl'-^cT'^'c'-^f "' S5

-^yciL^iij^jci^\j&0}j'3jJL'j'i iYJiy^Zi^y^cr* k e/^V

*^:(A

L^jV b d*54/

Y-fj'i(d''lcty ^ Mi/ 'ifyc^i "isstJf'*-*" •li

6W

cllJj&'l^^j?OM(S^ilJ&j£^jlr?l\&ls; uj

j ^'/^y^c C^Jj i^rJt/

—- J'Y^^-i/^j'^'Y.-•f'A'-^'c'^Y'^

^'-^iPto&Yl-

(506

"I would say that while James' Theory is fundamentally correct, his statement of it errs in implying a more intimate dependence of our mental process upon bodily changes than is actually the case. Further, he ignores the conative factor, the part of impulse in emotion, considered either as a phase of experience or as a phase of behaviour. He ignores the fact that an impulsive striving toward a goal is the essence of every emotional reaction". aiiT

j)\ Lindgren " Psychology'

"The James-Lange theory dominated psychological thinking for more than forty years, until it was challenged by Walter B. Cannon (1927), using experimental evidence that had accumulated in the intervening years. Cannon made a strong case that the thalamus rather than the viscera was the prime determiner of emotion. He cited research indicating that emotional behaviour is possible even when the viscera have been separated from the central nervous system. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that the thalamus is not essential to emotion either (Grossman, 1967) but Cannon's principal point that the viscera are not responsible for emotion, seems to be valid". *>■<.

VYfiUf' The Outline of Psychology ^ r^tf' " Psychology

dflH

^-^^(/'L/'Ji->.c6f t

u i^/j L^ V'^'jliijU-Oi)^ " ^ "-^Ji> ifc) 'A^y. 1/'J/^j \Jr^ L ; /^>'iS/& u V 1 Jbs.jpj /

1^'103$*- i/fai en H j

> t -^t/Jurc^>1 ^ 1 w (/&/(/,

^ Lesbian Love «L-4- C/ & U L'

' i ^ (j^ tpy^is^ -.l/jfji&ljljCI

bj>(ff^{i:^uc;\j>^\tJ>ty''^j£jy'<£l'&\jjs'^''

yi/^y ^ is^jjjy * b^fl 1

—^/y^^iS^yiyJ'3 ^^yo^K-yz^ycj^ 1

yf^y * ^

bb'-

£^fJJ-/&j>&Whs'isi'.tZf:cCii.' -d.'S '■■^^i"i''

OytU^ i (Objective) Jj&i (Ego) (Concept)-/^ (Personality) ' (Perception) (Observation)

- (Psychology)

•:■ 'TMlS'.°>/tf'l)tff*'iSis •:■ ^i*<ii>-"jyJ'\ >:/. ■ 'p' dj? A Posteriori

ih V Cognitive p y Consciousness :\}\ /. Discrimination

i/t^i ft Feeling f". Imagination

a&y j^ty Mind Jj. Object y Phenomenon

j-/ Pleasure (/jiyj*z~- C&ifi/iijix,

Ob"

'•^l>^iJlXj'l)-'tol>i--t'l(0«x<l/-=rJ/^l>jij/ \XJ'{ Oyjj' i y» tf' L> >>". ^

' Vy^ c ^>'0 >-^0' ^ jiy ii^'T- ^ "iiWifaJL ^

!:^"J ^ d1 j-'-1 l/'j>/ j ' .liJtJ/iojyS^jji'/jiJ','j'^i'

nry "Hri^y f^w" >£ wi-tf ' twf!s'' "j^" ^

641

L> Jcjy ly^l^Jj1 'Ac^l^U^^

O^o ** ^'J?l-£''JlJ ^ '■cSrti^-u:^l ^ ^1

^ J1^ D',/^ cJ I 1 -^r1/

iPr i^-f i • iijjr^Cifd h^C^O i <(/yjl v l'

(/J^JI.^^VU- Ij ^ L>> Jr ^!; .^^jlw!;); < J/^4X L'^'^'/'^pu^i-

t / t'jl/OJ1 -/)/ Uy^srf? ^ "j-cf^ '-^ J ^ > I b^iir

^7>/tJ'"fL> 1^ "^l "^ptJ OT^^'u "Jsi-^rti^^ i^t/'V-^j-r^1^" ^

^lfjij*-lf-A 1 ^'-'t/

as.

''difct'3

ifj/d/-? - r Ji^u - 4

Jf)\/>\.* -i -t

6jut^Jl]^ -11

/j^V U** *£/>*£$ jV -> <—101

- J'i »1^ bU^J «->' UvlX i~t\j>1

■ ^^u^'^'dUu^'ii1'

l-u '^^-js.^I'^T- ^ ^fT- ^'

-•^cfc1'^

6HI

6jAu^ o;^'j-. ^ ^'s ?/* - *

i/t/ibu L'/UiCJJIJ>i;fc^t^1 lX -"

^ ^ 3&/z<~^'i$>y\'>} ■

^ Jl>^d y ^^rO^0/.•'I

- ^r</.03lyi^i^j^ *^&frf&lj>i33tfi&ojjl^fiify(JJjjjjf'lljfJ^if&kV'. -ii

- \iZ^&yy.,Ji Ij^t

- ^/rL" -^ -ir

^)2~y&^-i<5

j • I ^

jU L> - '< JL-y^/^ j iJ/^Y -*^X=z- £y* c iO-'j i < ^

- #{H^u>v^> -11

-^W^/j/lVlri^/WJlV -n ^l^yV<C'l^^l^4-^iS'Ji^j'-::''ji'CII-i^''

>lj^l^l_Jy'UI^£l>''Jl^^^Vc)^l^^y/<=s-

■J/y.'^'^^.^^/' "-■> '"Jfy'isijAj^yy/ 'A^- ^■■Ac/yi'=r&s. i&A°'-zr ytfydjA tjiu^i *>» A. AAi*-JyyiyZ'ij'iojA1

Qy? "j I/' 3J SHt/* "t&l'j^Jj" ^

611"

-^'jl J ^

^J\t^yt>^iJ!''lX%.J^&\!}i^i^jzs/iS,ii>X'X 1(2A- i&J'ityS&r^'j/'C,j/'J>l/^^i'

a-'-^r j/v^aCr'A^iA/"^ \Ajit'J.^j\j^(//^ijJ''- is

i"c/' ^ irr i/''t^"^* •f '"V ^ if

Jjlfljisjj^ iOy&lfjf l^=- ^Ls&ll) i&oCs Jh'^j/'l^

^ ^ ^ ^v 1 j-^1 ■ ^ yXnyjU? 'Jj^jrjy'iiM W> 'W/y/'^y - y

"Few men in the history of the world have had better reason to be so solicitous for maintaining their prestige than the Arabian Prophet".

&\jJ>\j**CJ'if^rJf\. CS* [ ^^U'l -==1JJ!1^ 1

yuJ»ofJ^iJb-i-/JJ^Ji"cCcnS1

tji^jfL-^tyvUlOJ: '£l^1

djjwj\J> ft'6r dJ'-//^'^'-'!

*Yi/t " The Psychology of Leadership ^

-d?i/h^ufl£:-i(^liiIiS'^lJ'/i-/.

yy1 ' ■ r -i.j^/jjfjij,'/if' («ivij>ii/il|W'J jf l>

b^>l5 ■A^- <i~-}*Lt^s. IV^w-y'UiW'l.^ Jjjtf' ° •• ua^ - J ^ J'^4^:-'3 ^■^•r^r^-'^

*& - /ji'/i J UrU/^ I ^■•^ViS)/'tfJ^j>f'iSl.^^

i f(v't/^,i?fK^V(^lJ;''>U " 4^

AMI

tf&j$i*£C)\Lf()j. l^-^/jJ ^>&>\ -£

-W>}6PiJjJ*/y.p\J\y^cJxi/^j^\ ■ */i j/^i

^ U' /'iP' ^e^ I J>f UL* jf uzz^y IV1 V' *

U'6/* l^^l/jyd^.^lijy^ J/.iJ^lsi/jUj^j Jy^'^'V'^,"^iPUjP^yS" - l

■ y

if^pi- 'JviJy'j/iJj'^^isi/j'^. Ljyj/iyfoJ^^y/i "("io^^yK/^ Kj^o1 <fj u&'j ifj/^iAj^r

^uf^yl/Jis n

WSji I Oy^fj^^y^^jrTiX

^ "^.Cv - ir^/ijCfJ u^uijWl/^jijui^yiy"_ ^

- - -J/ > l; < "U'W' ^

1 ' ljj\ C&

u^i ^"iWA^ ''/[2o&ljt/y\^ij3JifjUUs/i/>0lLf^

t 'yyj'. 1 y vJ-zr ry2 ^

i/i> v'4

-y//oj^^oh^yyy^j y-^fyyj'sLbytff if it u^ >f C>f T

^ *"1 £ v^1 ^

jzyyyy^j) u^y /» y ialj><"&jjiy\'&>isyi 431

oif

yJ'iSi>i>^/^cftfyJ'ijMiJ.Jijji&,y/-zrji!j'>i/'i(oj'.

"Psycholuxy of Leadership ^j>i x 'f-tyL'; ^' -*■1 'J'

DeatSir, I have been away down at Bombay but did not forget your interesting little book. 1 am afraid. 1 have not time just now to

enter into a detailed appreciation of it, but as I hope to spend a week or two at Lucknow this autumn, 1 shall look to making your acquaintance and having a talk with you about the "Psychology of Leadership ..." "... 1 believe that the ultimate success of any leader depends upon residuum of good which underlies his leadership, however, gross and mischievious its immediate purpose and methods may seem. So also with the crowd, whose feelings are generally sound, th-ough liable to be terribly led away -- for a time -- by wrong leaders and even deliberately mischievious appeals.

Yours truly, Valentine Chirol"

{Ml I (

J 'y t ^1 " J C^ ^ ^ J^*3' ^

Mliy'l "£ftlj-j;'i"i-=i'j^i'

^1 il^ijjl/ "jjl"iA^J'Ui'^Xf vfajlj^/rLiil i —^ i u i t^jj

' ^'/x^',J'1-/? " ^ 1>>V 0'I ^ j fj/ ^/'/J^\.:<J\J^^ ^i/[ £ i-f I

U^r.1 1 jU U»J I £.<£,/ >U-^u" J^Ct'lJ\J''l}\j'iJ)\Jj'iJ?^>*&\j£/J>filf

"*\jJ^ "JiJb" J>^? -i/^o^i/. JtK'

^"- k^);aL'dWc/,^:^>-b

^^>-V UA «/\>/u^oJ'.JjSj*

t*£yi i ) ^P^J^dioiO'i^y'^ij/,"

LX^^j^s^'A^y V0" yiV^/iXi)/U^ WU/J

J•J?il*%j'lJ'.lf>Jj-' j ^Jv^t/'-^-t^ Ji ^-'uifa cyyijj/uO'j'W l^/ijjjijj'^. ij

U y^J- I 4^

'r^S'riWy^ i%&" J?

t/'^Ls-i/jl^l "Flowery Language" ^IK/Jij'jj'j ■ ^///J !f^ 'j'-ftf-'Z^-^J,

/> \j>u'/^y^j^=/^

(ww sj-o w iJ/^rurfyV^'^ 'c^Jt/'-t^

;^^^^^c)';Y^u;-J^y-^M</i'il/

"■dd^ i>' v 0*4' ,jtfyj.^b77i}?i/ifj/o>'^AJ'Su/?'/ 7^^7j'lJ^rj377^ylji/d^7i^L4i/ljJ'"C^'J'r^

\jinw0Z'Wi'JiJJ.0->*i'" ^

6cy

ii^'^'f'J:4^^^A0}i"a^''(sJ-t^y^>/^

tj.^ J G Toty ' P^V"&J

ojjcj)j> i o^^yjijyy) y* i *£.

'H^U/L'/j'&jjjy ijiyjju(yfi/'^£. J&JI tyS) "}j>tf)\s*

~"rf$J)\"&1 if" I "if' /jl£j\ " yfyl V^/

if^ ^ u^ui^jji//!' ih: '

r^o < ^?^'^Cij}j[% 'i,j f «i5

Ml jh^jl^J'lVlj'^ijI^M-^r^^o^cPiy''^^

'J • "'■Jl' s2-

i ttijhJjj'oy*' rfW' 'Ji/ii&y:y-i-j'yji^iii-b ,t^ilsf

s^^^b/f>t/iJ-l7.l

tfyjfjjMJ;)1 c^y^is1./utf

VjJ'b J/^i/iy^c/1'^ *

ZZi/. a^7^C ^y^'j u' t^bi tizjZy1

- Ujji't < Klf't/-^' ^ f.-uia'f-< 4^) 6^-

'^j/^J £ ^y^j-1 i^i() j i, u'y^v:

c/i// iS>/-'^r Kj-^!;^ >1^' jy^ u tyj " (/*=7^ cd'jvjij

1 1 J y uC- w -J^

cjjLS'^jsJi'. yj^LS/j ^jji ^isJ)\y}Cji ^J) i^-C; 3/ ^ y „

(/U*JU-^L V'/''

^ '-^&jJj^jyyiUif,ij'.>/tt i</I/

'^'Lf/'J'^-Y^"Juvenile Delinquency" ^Cj'd'i . J^^^'UJj/_/ u_y (

<=; yJ^L l jC'tXsi l-sS- JU:

MKy< ^ (<>.(/< "^f^;" 4!^

bib

Jji 1

cfu^l ^' c^i ii) J^' ^0 15- t^i^-7- jt J- < JL^J* ^'iZ/,j if^J(tJl^-''~Z'J^Ji'J' ^

CJl-^^P J-^ ^ C "[/if-p^^Uj^- ^ CJl/L-^i/1-^^ i^J^•^,^J^:^r>-,l '-^^J

"oy>l/ji\mi> o) "cip"^^'"1 (wwJ "x/^J^ "tz-d0*- (^sdiy/iid'r'/^ ' ("oj^'f^1' 4(/<1 ')l,/,

"Jjyi e^-Lf difj'3 ^jb'

■dA^

^ ybvU j'brf i^ ^j^ytrp3

u u^^V1 - (^oiv-i^-i'ut/.^ j/bj) jb*^'Ji^' V^-

l)/ C/^iA t *C

d-j-Zy^^^As/i & d^Ayd*' ^ i \d ^ AL-^js

(S'tf?

4djifo/y'^Ay^<y'd.y^.lyjj\J.:''J'ji&jir,:M ^y* * j*^- ^1

'a^^^^ooy ^ ■. ydj^y/y^y d y^j, 'Ayytuy "

~Jl/ti9'iJ^iJ&C ^J} 1 -T-4r^ 'V

Qii

"irV' ^

If W

d'lX

- \J\ijJjJj'rO.

j\ ji fcjJii? 1 iWJ-tf) (£J>i.J^&^)b]j}>/i2.t/0-p'm\

^ y-oy^. ojQL-f ltf>y^^rJ^J^^O'i^t)hj^>&V''if*i-

HJ tvys* ^Lf/^U^ ^ fi' r-t/' ^

ijOi^f U' it/jf) & ij; iT^'-i- /r^- u^-sv^Lj tfdJjy

^i;U' t/i" l'

il^! o ^ f/; I b>' ■h^J'jeb- ^ ^-Ji

/lixcJa^y tc/'^r ^ '-i Oj/^ ^'btr;>^J-i'^'X5'c)L

WJ' r*i/1 lyyWy ^ fp'-ff(/< jju^i^ ad

'-K1^

*^■1 -•' ^jiJ yj^

jj'itf-rf£ki/^V0'jyid(£p'i}^'^lJiMd&j'lq3iA

'/.'jJ^y.^osK/1-*-1 ■ -J/.1 '/?^/ ^bVu-

161' Tc^lv^^ p-^r ^ tytib'c>*jilJ\'*zrC£'*/$, ti^J '>^ySiSy^j*'/,/d\/)UjJ j))&£tf>jijZ~'/J'y^ ^c/j^o'/dd uf^r'^ jt^i

oj/^y^ bj^ cjfa iJ-LfjJ ^1 'SjkUji*^ ^ jyj'^^'^fa''(pfy^\j//'M'' d^T'VfC/j^ -ti 'f

- JL/^yy-j Uzs l I. L 3fa ty}jfaiji>J

fa i y6 '^fay - ^V-Jfa fawjfa <,> vy^fafa>>J\

y^rWyi

dAl

U(\; O' 0'|^/W oj (j^y1 ^ (J ^

.^-O'lpUfC ^Aj^d/^u/ut/o^'Ji6 &&>{/■>

-jt^ /^ i) '-^1

"•' k; hrJlf^ltfrJ%trt' '&/ ^>iji&;>1

l> j &-"> ^ JV"^ U>-"10 J*$iyi Word of God Work of God 'f

p'9t/< ''u//i9I(^^(P»>V

b*y

Jitfd/(fc/^ J^'L/

JJ*j?'~/ IfU^ 1} yjfcjtfj ^J^lij\''Jj^v^^/'^'JfiisJd'~ ^^icrU^-jy^' l>/ t^6>tf\&/(#.^Z,J'/Jtff£&&ysJ^tejtii¥-lSti::'rf

^i-»

—

df-r

b^f^oy^ ufLC^y iij, (jjLjJtCr-jS^ \?*sfX S^V^'J

2^ U^J yjio'yyA'^yt/-^

- li/g

/Jjj&sl//&y>ydXrJ^^&\J.(W.*zr dy JtiP* U>^ i^it6

jC^Ut/yuSr-^-l/OySj o u^"- t/d 1 iv i" z}yJi

'JiJJt"

^ ify^b^y/^V'-^-i/'^tr/,•jjJjyp*j>^^ji J^jjX^ u- -tf

^}Jy^i}>,i(S^y^''Ji^f^ylob/^xy^is^

Z&J) Oj)\£ I 3/3 \czZ^3r?-J " - f ^ ^ (/^Ij

"' Ai" « »/ {p ^^/If t [■

- '4'&\si>ij/Y^Jjjj)^lj\j)1 fcY'dj u <

eJjj n wrJ^Mjfc* - ^o^'Vf^ W' c/^ 1 /|V

(/](/< alb

i yjfJL\ J i J AA51

6A4

JW. Lexicon

o , U> "cJj? 'JV- 'l}'*^ V^J ^ V -"/

- '^i-J

^j/vji^Y^^^'l"£l^i;"r';

■In Irving to Iranslale 56:75, Sale wrole: "Moreover, I swear h. the selling of the stars," but 'fala' does not mean ■moreover" It means, "so I do not". Mawaqi-an-Nujirm does no° signify the aetoal setting of stars but rather the places where the stars are or the places where the stars are going 10 fa"'

\r-J '" The Sublime Quran and Orientalism".^

^aH

U (Cheating) Vyti-J.&&■ : *~r

"In order to construe the words in 64: 9, Palmer wrote," that is the day of cheating". He tried to elaborate further." i.e. both the righteous and wicked will disappoint each other by reversing their positions, the wicked being punished while the righteous are in bliss. But it is perfectly well known from the Quran the righteous and wicked are never going to "reverse positions" nor are the righteous going to be disappointed on the Day of Judgement. Actually the Arabic word "attaghaban" does not mean cheating. It means taking each other to judgement and suing each other."

^ £- '' Jl J~ ■_ ^ lb - b'

"Comparing any translation with the original Arabic is like comparing a thumbnail sketch with the natural view of a splendid landscape rich in color, light and shade, and sonorous in melody."

The Sublinw Quran and Oriaiialisnt al!^ IV "l&J

Islamics '^o^A

i/uAl/' oi*v>

^SSji'-^/^l>t^^v^^l^YI,''<55/7

\f/£ h^ji>c/y//ii&H''J'L3dci'&^At/'''$

l,^1 -JLi>J/'^' Y'^

Lexicon ^t.^yiiJjii^^i»;wK/l-^i:^^^V''i;'!'"jW*i!:!:;

Q*/.

-■=TiS>/

Jiuv.ijwic.v ^

r-t'b --.Uijj^jiijJii.) "Not by way of protest or complaint but out of excess of loyalty and devotion, as the most devoted bondsmen who could hardly bear their Beloved Master gmploy a new servant besides them, for any of his services'.

d(Vs|. —'I3 . f' They, the chiefs of the Polytheists, will conceal repentance from the lower class of 'heir people, whom they shall have caused to err." 4£,'c

(v-! 11 . . r "in Divine knowledge, not in the knowledge of Nooh". all?

IffJji oA^Cj fti.J'njL jy CLrCJ r\j I ({jyJuo'yV}^' *12

VWl/ 1 [(3>J\) {iSl/Vo'^/zr*1

ffAj" l ti/l ^

" is here equivalent to ^

■ • ■ '■■ J-'- -rf&piS.tJe**'

.^idjjijj '-•£>& "So beautiful and fair-complexioned are they!"

e>yj'iyy "Symbolism of the

■.I ,i.

fO J> - > '*■/'"

^tos> i — s3>kJj "Christian writers look askance, and almost in horror at passages hke this. And quite naturally. For in the system of t hristian morals sex life is conceived as something inherently evil, at best only to be tolerated. This morbid attitude to life

has appeared only with the advent of the black Christian era. Islam has reversed this diseased outlook. It holds freely and frankly, with the modern scientific knowledge that sexual life is the source of the highest joys for which there is no substitute. It is the supreme and incomparable physiological happiness, which should be nursed and treasured, and not persecuted ... sex life is not, at all, a tolerated evil, difficult to escape, but a great blessing without which life is colourless The sexual element in human existence must be valued and treasured." (Nemilov, pp. 200-201) 4^

■) 1 cjij I yjjfi yXy 1 J j* .

'y y ^ ^ .j 1 jy'

441

jb (JCJ i—fy>l't>/ ^-tyf^j' IJjj J^K f U/ui^y^" L-*1 JVCJ I IT

^ 'JJO Ji^jJ ^jfo^C/Jl)*! C Vyi^Vj I 'J-.j^A'^tf?. L^^"1

^ ^ t/^/ u ^/oty^y.

<z~\.y:Vt IaX^4^^

"(as supposed by the Jews and Christians). Observe the result of modern research by Biblical scholars themselves into the "polytheism" of Solomon maintained by the Bible and stoutly denied by the Holy Quran. That Solomon had a number of wives both Israelite and non-Israelite, js probable enough, but he did not make altars for all of them, nor did he himself combine the worship of his wives' gods whh that of Yahwe. He can have had no thought of denying the sole divinity of Yahwe in the land which was Yahwe's inheritance" ... we have no reason to doubt that according to his lights, he was "faithful worshipper of Yahwe, so far as this was consistant with his despotic inclinations" (EBI-C-4689) That ^"' ij^jMyjtfij eiiS

fif/i'iw jjjey < vt/j"

the King abandoned his faith in J. and became an idolater is difficult to believe, while it is easy to conceive how the fame to that effect may have arisen... That he should have been guilty of the apostasy and sin alleged seems incredible and inexplicable on any supposition except one, viz.. that his mode of life had left him prematurely worn out both in body and mind, so as to be, even in the fifth decade of his age,in a senile condition and hardly responsible for his actions. That is little of anything more than a supposition. (DBiv). pp. 567, 568. "Solomon was a sincere worshipper of Yahwe, more cultured but less passionate in his devotion than David (EBr.xx.p. 952)" ■

^ i^i.1 /^ J>bJbl>- 4: 'jijjlfclh'l<[£/£/.'£?

"In the most widely distributed form of Christianity the virgin mother of Christ plays an important part as a fourth Deity; in many Catholic countries she is practically taken to be much more powerful and influential than the three male persons of the Celestial administration (Haekel op.cit. p. 232).

bur

Even as early as the 3rd century, the titles of Mary as the "Mother of God" and as the "Queen of Heaven" were demanded by the more fanatical Christians who claimed divine honours for the ideal and prototype of virginity (DB iii. p.289), "Mariolatry is probably more prevalent in the Church of Home than at any former time (p. 291). In the Orient, there did exist, in the early centuries, certain Christian sects who worshipped Mary. The Coll> ridians, says St, Epiphany, offered little cakes (Collyris) or sacrifices to the virgin like those offered to Ceres by the Pagans (Dermingham, op.cit. p. III). The title of Thotok^s, or "Mother of God" was enforced on the Virgin Mary by the Oecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431, According to the Roman CalhoHc Church God, without ceasing to be God. in the characteristic phrase of St. Paul "implied Himself" and was born in human form of Mary's" womb and she became virgin Mothetv Mother of God" (Ptoserpie, T^he Council of Ephesus and the Divine Motherhood, p.4)

'^| i^oiuzs i, isy^yoj s'tf.- V/,

'-"-eAru^yWi; •ySiqlfflllfajrtfat'JjJ&lVll.. lilj

"When thou didst cause me to die" ^^

aw 1 1 i) '/>.

. J[^4&J>J^^if[?/i-3>j:'yJ'_ti} -=r^ 1. "The only correct rendering ofcgj^is "Smite" or "Strike". The root verbvlr^never signifies to "seek a way" or "to go forth" unless followed by a very distinct preposition j as misinterpreted by an English translator of the holy Quran." -d" 2. "Uaiis always a "staff" or a "rod" and not a "community" unless used metaphorically, as misinterpreted by the translator referred to in the last note."

WL't

• >■'

tii

^1 "_ k j^t/. /j^o\Jjj>iJ~1jjsjr^lf

^j\j^jj ^\/^i\ii^y,{y\j)\ c/i'fyiZ yjyVypLxf^

fo&Jji u/s v tyjrj? ^^/jio&^ti''- f

^'szz-iJj " - (v-

c?'/ ^'U^-!^ u^ Jypfy^jte-A'j ty S/S ^v' uJ^,' Lr^jL' L/A^f Ui^ [/"jJy* ^-\Jl jJi-j'o»\4ZS\dj\^\J>j^\r\£\ ^ C L- (/^'-ci^sf ^ ^ J l> 1^" J J ■"-'J i) fjj CJ-'t/'/oJh^C ^ /O'-^n/V O^if^QOt}J^>y^o)\^/^

nwro&wli,'y*f)&' ^ mtV/ft.tr i-Jifij alC-' /|4(VK_/yjd < yu," ait'

CHH

^>lj Uj^Liiy*'jbjjjy I ^Z'tf^r'lSjyu!?^-'

2o ^/'J.

/jtj/y'tffj h, foiJ* iJ^jy1 jy-S'/J 1 *4-

^ >hjh^Xf 0 - ^

yj€j/^>t^^}i^(^/?fe',^'-IJ<-^:VI,'-'-i''Jl^

7i^>-JJj'.Ui 'V^'1 XL^' ^ iiV'Hi'r^,|-'u'J'!'i^''i

1. "The outstanding feature of this translation is that it abounds in comprehensive explanatory notes in regard to lexical, grammatical, historical, geographical, eschatological comments and rich sidelights on comparative religion. The reviewer has no hesitation in saying that no translation of the Quran hitherto published is so correct, complete, concise and illuminative with explanatory footnotes as the one under review is".

2. "Several translations of the Quran have been made but the one peculiarity of this is that it is from a man who understands both the letter and spirit of the Quran. Moreover, this book contains the explanatory notes by the writer, which, inter alia, give an insight into the genesis of dilferent thoughts expressed by various reformers and the comparative elevated position of Islam... The translation is excellent and the explanatory notes very useful if a bit lengthy at places." ^JC1*

3. "Maulana Abdul Majid Daryabadi has now joined the great phalanx of translators of the Quran and opened one more avenue for the seeker after the truth." "The Message of Allah is for all and it has to be carried in easy, facile, and understandable language to the majority. The language of the Bible may be classic but it has become archaic for the average Englishman himself. ^We have to wait for a "Quran Made Easy.'alCS

nWros/MODjii •Jf

«i£'

4. "The present translator follows two principles with considerable success; first strict literal faithfulness and secondly, an attempt with the full consciousness of its immense difficulty to emulate the style of the Authorised Version of the Bible. The result is an accurate rendering accompanied by full notes and learned commentary. The translator's credentials and training are excellent for giving the orthodox interpretation of the Quran to readers of English." 5. "This new translation of the Holy Quran so far only the first "para", is out, has been done by a writer of repute and who is best fitted for the job both as regard his scholarship and his masterly grasp of the English language. A mere perusal of this translation will make

one feel that it is in complete consonance with the meanig of the Quran as understood by the Prophet of Islam and the Arabs of those days... The translation is thus orthodox as well as modern." «ij5 6. "It has to be admitted that he has acquitted himself admirably and that his translation, fa'lhful and literal, is

at the same time idiomatic and dignified." ^

: J,,^ .

<0\j. ' o-r'Z

10-^ if^ ^ ~ * i ft new translation of the Quran

j. Jci l/U-^^Z ■JaP?

; JtjZz'jy/S/tfjf \*C0 LSJO "I have had with me, for man> years since, a copy of (the Ahmadiyya) M.M. Ali's English translation and commentry on the Book (printed in G. Britain). Having no knowledge of Arabic at all, it is impossible for me to express any opinion as to the comparative merits. But 1 have read through a great part of Maulana Abdul Majid's translation and I can say that it reads better and more impressively and significantly than the other." ({$1^-=^/i4r9;'

y'lju ij j" - jy. rtj' i^/fJtji ji

1 Wfur./< ^ '^V ^

H"

^i^|)^i^ijy^jUft'Ji>ti(-u-'1-1 "(Pf^" _

jtl '■■Jjd-^'/^'tfif

Sul?JVP^I^'7,J'^^^I■*^T ^ ^ i/^1"^

u ') & 1 o fyy.^/tfj

l^l^' j»? 1^0 W ^ ^ UJ 1

^Io^Lj iijll&\sy^js\./^0'\jr[/>;U" (

1 - C ^Liu/^'. p -■* l^'iratpijiJI^tJij,. a

'$!/>/?■•■ -!. OLfa1.1*-^)?!1 -*

(tfj'C'iPjjitJ . \y . a (if7) cpvu^js^f - 'C - ic

-1 ^ -,<J

is/^xf'r'J-n' itirJ&Zy&wsi' ■ n fc ((/a i - I'1'

jiP ^ ii L

jt JIJ

2,j,^ Ujj;-'A ^•^ii'i& ife/i

,Jij^ij>\o^A

- ^'f-S

^' Li^Uak^ ^f- />!» V'

•fiji <Lw-vji (SM; j^V>f ^ ^

i-f

in\j^kU

/t(W) K[ ty >?y/*Cj\ jj>o\h

j L^iLp^v^bj'^Tf/^jfo^O c^\ - (^y, ^ -c) 3 ^1 j1 '^ui^^d ^J^uy^f^-1

■ > <_>

I • (/Y/ ^>>^'.

aj'. w^f i op^oU <& "'•"'t/' f J-''-'i' •' ■,,-'l 'iPfyr^4^'

a^- ;

>V U^J'M-r iXZ't&r* 15y cJ'1-" ^J ^ ■}^'^f-'

' ^■■.^r?'S^ji''L^'](^O^Lfii'''

^■-Ul^>0" Ufa/a/,.

4^-' l/^^< LjJJjI'tfJf ly^ ^

AA < dMP^ WArfi^ypIS- w>■j'jdy-w ^ lyy&s •&

^-ofH k/op^ < S A d < H A. < w / ^ (✓< >« K < •< f fifdy^-J ^Q^jjiL^Z.l/oiO^I^pJ, 19-JJI saw 'Id i^j^iiU^Uy; t/p^d V

ui o^cyUj(j**>1 ^ t^L/o-y i ij " -.^pyoi^li^/^'ct^M"

. B)^ L5>>^ '^jC^J^y^r <»d

j^fai\jp^\ybo\sd^cfd^j'dPdj^oii£p&y

J—^-^(/'^ft^t/) irj1^

1 i/ ^1 (/' (Jj'l-'k j jd'tfyfiyp1 »!¥

iiijpisne,/' "^J aii? 4!£

' rA-^/ir^t/ ji/ CKf-c/^' rV p'liV ^A< fAit/

(&lJJ tJy^JOyyL^aJ^p^i/J' y hj^, 'j (/f t '■"/, >i>p<rr

■^'-fA^-/

oc-e^1 - -' v»4u,'^i" L^1

_j J'a:

A &iJ^)u'ty>^'^-»HJ'>/''a'W)uty'-<-':'iiSj"S

Jy^J}tyi'*'>y'.^'*J>O^J'~Jdxiy''--tf->'.i-sA' Ij'i > ^

iXY^ 'tf'^-'y'-*fY^-,*^°J*

iji /^^sj>i/i>/,^ic'iLjiiSji/if'!:ff'j4&'i? i-i-'/'t

hft^'j(>l'^A(iP(>r'M'tsJy)p: '-'lAWW. J*>-tf'

jPVj-Vl4i tf 'j'-'-'V1 ^ ^ ''■&

t(hji^^Yo^'-iY'ic''^A"joylzY''l Y-Ai/t/-

^j2.^Y^.i>'>uji^^'vp'A''Al>J'J'.y

Yjw^AJ'&'ry-iAWiiA^tYYtAdy^'-'Y

H--

L 'cTk^ & U'lirf^J^S'Jc/A+fj/ l>"l/Lsj^jJ/^tj 1/jSy \(y_ '1 (0j){

"(Hjif)" ^ oii^/w/^1 -^rCf/iy ^o1^1-\jtz~- ^-^LCOMI/US "< ( K^ t^; ^ui^

^^/^tr^-^-'=:r tc^-'u 1

W YJf) /jwjjo^sJ

14^ Ci!'wil

^i^sl W l/tZ-Ofy/ ^ I "i (4>H:<L rcic/l)

tfTj-lT"' ('^•• '* J " (iui.SI^ ou^y^ tf iy^//V--. 1/y^j) cd^J^LtA^

'^1 "tfsscJi

di>A/isSiii.^J.-J'}>'f-^ ■^^^iyd^ydd^J^'>ji^'J/,Jr.^i5'^'iS-''i ) Jjj>u i iL>*p^ i J ^J y-^ t/1

/_^..AJ| ^joji'. -,■ . Cl^1^

^-J^JJU-JJ ipi't/ir I^L/|'1> ^j^ti ifpu^i^f^i L* »!ifi£-iifjiUJ:'/j/i

' ■■ inyjj-' y^-y^s- \}j~^M:J__ d.d-oddi ^'dy. J\.^j^^i^.J}"iyify.^-i^-doiJ''^>S'-rs''

Vi/hityZS^^jijs, Jljl(/U'a:!"-^Ml)OT ^ yy}-^-^ y 'f [3/-=^hij^J'[f'^-js^i'->y^o'

fl'f-l/'l;J>IClJlf-V'y'»&

J(jt

/jJjyC^ "•' 'oty OjU>

c/' ifJ^1 *4-(/i^t^'/ ty "> ^-'A'u i^/f^dXK^ "> ^

^yjiy, y i ^-ACJ u I?) ^JJ>

},> assoj^JLA? ^r AyJisy^d

*Aoy '"c/i^jJ/fa ^^ ti^/jt/'d: if-

ejJJ'& U-1 '>J I '^jtjjjl^^y^,^ dv dJj o to ^j'Plii i

^ y ^K^-1 ^yj'ti-' ^V1' ^Ltc/A- ^ ^ -.^cyji^i^

ct^" o-*1 j y^-jj ^

aSi?

ill

U i: f i j 11^1(33 j&^L. '.tfJi^ i jyj/iosjh

jy^^Ji^^ij) <jjj^ij& 'j)/Z y if 5U> i tJ'oyJdi i

L JPJt^ '/i^c^ —- ^ t^vi/ '^4:^ i^^/'

o&oii

1 ■ tfJ^dXo Ijjh Q/JS: dy^ l

"•■ o'/^

Y&VOi J ^ dyj/^j^yy'sy^d 1 jfyddSiyd9* tyJ*

vyiyy^L/y ^ yft^jx^yiyp'sy *12

• '/MUjiIJ uihoujjo^'o^''

vyAd^y-tf'JusJ. ijf'J'Jk 'c'h

j Juf I v

(«e^)&rfjiijAj-^^iSi^&*ij?iiji.'4*'Uk'i,'-c'> J,\,^Jjj\•j&\^Jj\J^&d:[iS>W> i14 W&J

Lj./'JU'

J\jj/^/^JI^j'^J^.,L)i-=jl'JO^:U'i/'1^'^ 'tj* ^r'^-

^ '-£tu*'iS, f'j/"' - jtZ^f'/^-^'ipa j^i—'-^-q''Lfi/' ^)/'o't-'L^',iJL/^oV*

ft*if1 ^

Hit*

J-ff C^^-''yi/-!-',-,lJ:^>

_/ I 1 1 ij L^1 ^ ^ tf> I £;i; li/L>^i'' / bfj'.itz-JO'J tj/—

<V^^Jl»^j>W>^'t)i/^'Li/lK4'irf'','l-ki'-u>';:^:r

j j/j )v J ^4/ -5 ti y ^ 'r1^-^ c/

r'l/' (J'lc^-lt«'l'/:i!' ^

•A ^ 1 Jj Lf i ° -1"

^ 'Jc^1 '■j4.^>jj> 0 tf <

i.< ^'>J& ■' "PL Jy Vy-V&j ^>(y J O^j^^'i/U ojo"

^ ^ (P o^jjo^) I'^ijj.i &v. < />'/^' 1

"tJ^ < 1^ i/ « (jc>s£'^iJ)jj\j2^J'fyji,

cJ ^^--J£>£-■ ^ ts^/U lyy^ 4—' 'c'y11

0^(S[.^'13^^l^/^ »-^ <-^ Jy' l L 1> l

(/-^ i> K^J lis^yyt j J byf^jj^iSi--- "tVi ^jL/'J"^ \-J) {> uVbAt i> bj^pj ^y'

^,'^u bP^Sl/Jj^i/j/\S ". (V J i>(/jp tryj-tf i )is- ^jji^f/J

W-i/* ai^ aii-1

116

IjsfO""'^rJ ^ ^ '-''''1U. &'J''7:L£' <£■

ou/.isl^^3^j:j/&iiiJviviu?'CSjj/^ojui>iyiM Cy,iteiiArfu'iJij/lj^jii'i/yivj^*^0v&''y<-/'-4- ' i-^.'

^': j5: >/j^ioyx'-y'v

mX'Z/yWr ^ i*-y"(iJ'l-'!:-,i«f'!icir ^ iir1/'<5!,-''-,l/ fi y ■ j,yr'"/» ^

SIS

*0?)- "■ '<£■) ^" tip Vijj&jLrjjrj)\tfj\}(>)j\J\ t (ij>jOjhj(C'l})y.

^AP'Cl

- dsAtfiaZ' uj uv u^*

jlr' ^

if U^i-IC/JJ'^S^b i/ t of^j^jij^jf^ i ^ ^ t'ojy/ ^ x ftfju-fj <>*(&' ^ b> i : u

^fc/ ' iyy*M i<>iy<(J*iA)tfjf^

' "l j/i 'rr'-r"'j^'^j/-^ g fj^l

^^isi{'^d:oMiiW/iv^*o%»&ijr'^ jj^JJl 'M 'u5' hf'J'Jsi^S1 ^-j^'

- J&j - v,/^" ^ ^ ^/V1 L ^ ^ji ''^ ^ uC1'/1LJ-''1

" 'A.'S^X

V-^y/i2 ^ "S-(("M'',*Ws? ^ ritj' '{ii'ii''(A','o^' ^

^ P tf-- ■ •^}j'&'

; L L/| L j^'i h Jjs l^^xf I Z/J>(fl

i^f i

L ^yj-o'i^^ifJ-jfyjt}tfi-'W*

u ^'i/ct-J -if-J^Ai/.^y J. ^ '>^1/'

"JJM ^Acoy i -4-i/16l ^i}^' 1 (^isy u

i -JZ^*CJ:joh' yyij^j\J3\,z^'i)l\J}j_Q\j^j}j}\ijjj^^y\y./-s'j\/

^ & L '-Tl/KJ 'tV-4, ^ ^ if.^01

O. - - J^j-I "

- \Zi\j'3l£lJj>,/j\f'r?'jf'J>&\jJ,'\j'i££Z.ljiti~ rMrtfj&lHlJ. iti "O-'U' * aiif

in

-^T-VU-^ ^Ajd W

jj i ^ Y3-4't/-; -^"zJJ'wi- yyd^ ii '--^'' CJ^ * J-Y' cf- ^ LH^ 1

^ Z,}tf] ■ -^r d ^-yJU'i

^ -«£j- -J/y'cj''^ t1^ l^/^11/ i ^ t^J iy< "

"■ (^t-" ^ j/i Ct&ifjtX0/?)ww/Sjt(ifj/)t^' ^'

•iY-

■SPlJIgljej ^

^ & i/y^i ^ly'

' ufds* <^rC/i>& tr^^-^- \/^-o ^ '

<>J^j(rwVC)f/lii&J&jl(ri1d1)/l£l&/2<(/iWjypJl('i)si

ji/S&jjfi fay/ijcji 1

0 ^S^j y L> hujs/i/^j )Jij>fy o ^ ^-2(X^/

^ iky' feljjo)f> Jjs L Jfrjteii/ & i/, ^f? Ijfli/l £■/ *?—■/)}4i-j\y U:f>js\^j^yJ) i C J 1- ^'' tzZij I < "Jyi/

[^^/(/.tSoj^ I £■ 1/AjJ aii-A

^If-I 1/ ali1

t yjjj&y'- z j/i iy^. _/ioj ■ y 'ji^}A&y-^\y'Sj*-^M/y':/''i::Y-y'',':r ^ii/'o^u/'yi/uy--£>\'*,if['Jf'>Sljj'-/j'.-'Ji'j AnlYropomoipYiiin^''^J-if^zroY--Y ■Y^':— ^ JvisJ; ti^iyo/ji/5^'yiY'-&>?sj<rfi-*?(ii' •/ ; ^y^-j'sd y^'1

fy&tyjy'i

itrnrj, ppflls aC Wcf' S^'J''-'

J l>w// "-1 HJjs^ ■^yj'bj£j*Vt'oj>\jfy Y^."^ W'V

"Zrifi 1

jjltf/Ast'liji1 j! JJ/Z'jsf \J&J>\^ I«

*& i tfj/Y'i V-^y^' "-'d' i '0^/!—------ ^

'Js/iJi//*'jiy/^' iJiY^A^-■■^r0'/^

'■^ di-^J --'Zr -■•^Anthropomorphism

Orientation

Jiar- —ji i^Cjjjy/jtyifrjthyc

?* s' jy^1' ^ ^ io'ico/ i yy^yy &

l^*-^

^ '-J^'i\.O^y&J/i&\&li^

^y-^'oj/Jijcvt' ifJ' ii^-M'■^iiXtf'^■ i •^iyty/i6Z1 '■■J, i ^-Ju'

'Lfl ' J^"' ^>'Jt l/'o L 1j u^cy t (i'

- t^rij[f^*>J^ljs^ o'J/'^p. </£^jy'-i 0A

j?^^oiuOi"&-u!$fi/^J?Uoirfifjt^L^ifi'?-"1

^A/cyJi^U-^si-Jf^i- - -Jij^^^-^^if- OWsk \iMe£yStii^O\'jltl A/1

- ^-u^if L/jyT Op'J ji-y\W&xA4. L^uX/cr'^-^1

-J&ij"(/cvl'^o^ ffi/ ' ^

iir

^ ^yj o3^&/^ii"o>y.JiJ~"?{/. j \jy ij/i^) - ^yjytJA ^U/^i JJS*-

" d ^7'^^^/V-,l' !; u=i 'J

k-s'y/i ^.\1 ('J

"i^i/.o^; '^•^fl^^''1 "y*

i/ll/j^,^. 2/^

(fMiXzrjsljijj(/f&t

^if- "o'H^ "JdX^1 ^V, y w

ay^'J^'X1

C/l^'cJ^iM'l *(flf->': J ^^JiA:^/t'^'" 0 l/>l(J>jl "J>fL

'/(/f^ii>y ^i)'

jy^r ^ ^ 1

ju^'f"i^'i tv J Ujlz> L>^>y>L^

^2'^-^/(/-^ i'/l/J'3 *LyAiSi'^'j^^j): JiJ ^0$ 'A

isM ifi^/iy-/i- ^ <A\r

C^i^i^£dtC)^Uyj'l^'&W----'

n ijgh i^-j Lfv'jUr*-^"w>>?$*>/*/,-

t f* J ^ - V1 ^C-' —^'d"^ J '-''J/

^j-( f.t?HirMYuKtf/jJ£<r'/ijib'i.'>,c/J'dltitC"&l££^

^'-fl^LSti AJ^ l>L-i jlj ^ i; •-i11/'[/

^i^Ii$&li}jj(ti]i:iij*Jri/-'y'^'£s*>l/*---'

sj if/a ij(/'l^'Y/j i JifX

rdCt/' otyW ^

Jt/^i ^^jj^J/fi-^^-iSi

jifcZfiflS!-*! &(fc>i&i/>C)I^C/pJ^^^u!je~^^'i/l

ly^^&tiy^iIoSjj^hfiiiljvi 'bA-hy*' ykj*/? ^P^t^lT)^ U^lT - - --SrJ^u'A

Y&if'-O^yyi3 ft Wl/lAiV'c^t ^ jf ^i"

yv^CfjC^-^y if/ tj^ ^^Ly^y^y-js L jy cXi

"xy^Vt SjJj ij 15 [r* J^'J1^ 'J »JL-\y''j'y>yiJJ'i2~ ■ez— tSi ^t^^-»'yi'U4S^''i_JC^1 loUjJflJ J L^JaJ) AJVU-J "jjl

^*^>1 \ij»itiSj>I^UjZ'/<zrj£ h

I'IS* dy^yr^oi/iy &

•if A

Q^&J'iJ'G "u^I (o^^O/S)^Jl ^J^CJ'^ L"jj>jif;jljj5 U'Oyfi ^'j')

>\)\t 'Jlj&^&fa^\3)\}\Jlj'Ji * l/yfi W' C'T

-^L.O'tf/i SoySs < J>1><cviJ 1' J ^ -=^ 0]//fier(flfi> 0&i£^p'yt'J'J1

c - - c^sl I L_^>UtfvJ) (J^' 1 I^-L'^f L^£oj^ 1/iWjjJ-jJ; -fc'uJ\(C'^/*~

b^/' ^ LwU!xA/J1 "of/fW "l/ rfstfir' 1« ^o/iji.

ffifJ-f^ ^ dif'Wit0?./-iJjjfd**

ItM

^ "j/1^ "^i ' "ulU^pf"Jcfy^ki

tibMiiJ&jt) {» JJ's^CJ f^'t/ylLji (^ Ojcif/*1 ^

^y(S^^^/'^»/fiy>^WO^£/\'^\}*J>Jro/>)

&/> ^y/j cJ^^oA^u^-jy i j b -^r t eui-' "jif^ r

iStvy '-^''r^4 ^.o^oy'u. jic ^ (/I -<=f-jyU^" tr«>l "jU^j-l/p

afifj/Zjslti &■ /ovjl/j ^UL^^lJiJuJ L c.J'tfl/: \fo/' fyjT/:^/^/

rr'^/- ^

if-

/Ut'JI (^s-L 'fi»iJfS?'~tid.$}(tc "~-tyt 2^' 3ly^'\/s\3 •^/>^>j^^i^.Jiu0^->^

(^:(VA;^/...J^I)v>3 i)l>J "ififiyty/i

^lf^jojljlj^C)l^rC^> fof/swdy^f*'K/

^ t'P1*'- '^f ^ J^'-' •^^Oj^i^} 'y ■ '^rl-J' L

4 1

frtjIlJCU'C '-'I■> o.jb^-l^'/' "/ n

l/^!/( n "j ^>iff. ^^-^.O'I) " '-^Vz1'' «^'

"doctrine de Nom" X^J) ^ J tf IJU^" d I

LX'J^ tyZdS-jt-fa Id,&,JJ(j£Jfxi/'('jjf(o\'4:J\J'i^sHji'Z-

3 ^y&/J\/y^&xz~&;/%3ijj'

Lfx^Z^ J^J I uij&i(far^y/xidfUi/j 'Ui'c^j fryyi/itf jyjyj i *£

jJj I y tfi/l "/i-il csfi "yi'jl/O^/x^i JZ 'j i^OJ'xi'Jf 11 %-x^J^JPioneer Work

^-(V- all?

/cjui' ^y* ^4^

J\Jf/lJ£'»/M ■ &^J>&hjiJji' l^^yy/VUi'ic^" i&ji0±&\o>\jjj^&*/\^\&\'Jl'£j'/&2£'.^ JlAr^f

'if ^>jr ^ - (Z&jj/'Ji V - ■lj/;jL^JU^i/i^j^jji^J^o>ljji^,L/i

1ft"

-y^dijc^jZuv'" ^jji u

oy uij&ww 1 ^Ojjs^I

i ^(yy

if.

■■ /So*/11 V1c/^J ^ f,|-f ^cT j^/-T^rC'i^/Jy foj/ijjiy J i —*^/jyutJ-y^.yf^'\JJ£

^ ■■^\i>jyyj<irj3\£j'*z^J^]ljjJii\i ^>fc/Joj/j,j3\*zT(uy Cf*,_£•-> \j'\A-ijZ^J^lJ^/:r3! alii

^PV ' ^ *• if' 'i)j/J'^J^ ^ W J' £2

wJ'L&yW'' rr s <i}>MVis' jff iic/'d^V's *& n^c/'o!^^^ m

if/ < ■■-^//f^>^A_/jj:j^^y

^jyA/X ffL- 't/^'t/^tJ^Af ^01vafJ ^[i/^Hfd

UuK^^'J^fc^S^i/))J>3ty< ct^'l-''—^(1)1

li (>i^\£'£-f.ijf-" ''=^- ^L-j)*/^ fi. Jj^U1 '• ^i/U-i -1'^'(^''^^•-'^ 'f'-^C1^1 Jp

c£>i^j>k'(Sj^}Mii{Lf' ♦

' t/j/'-"J* t/jh C/

rS-f-i/' alS-" ^--^i/nfiAj <4z> ^

^Jrty ^—

t^sC^yJ i^f^/^'o^-iij^ '"S

^ H'A t "tfd.'&i/.OU.

'^L/^il^)J/jj^/' - jyj, ijfj\ ejtji 'X^'^'-r^XJ -fX-^

^ '-XI Vbi^j o)lj &iidjJ*y '-^-i-^'f? & ^ L-^y' ^

- '■•y'^j'**-■>*? o/^^j-: & L/t* ^ yj/'j^^^iS-^jy1

^ y^yjyi"'^ < tjjji i fiji&j.\J \j\Jjfl\)jJj$J^jr^Wi

U pjfy>, yj &^Ojl/i Ol^-ew l^b'wtJ^^

- i/ki/ ^ ^(/.jsj^JU y ^!/I^</Ojiu-I^

if' iL^U1

j,yi?^yjtjiA/^-&py:4:y^jMifJ;&v*isj>j JJJ*^4£^JS&ejjj*

jK&fy \^J tiJxs Q^/^/jI^I/

- y&j'ji't'jdy "j)\\jp2~^\ij^\ ' ^ "■''/f-'^'Sj '0^-J<?yijy l^jP ^^J'^LJAji &Jj-)

^CJUUJojLjjy

'^0>J,yQiXc/1^ lJ b^di^ tK 0^X6^/ "tfj&Syd "

^ i -t/T y*£^LyjCtj£jj>\.^

It*

^l/i/i >■* ^i/

[*iLffi^b& i/./o')-^ ijj^-^xj1 0 if d/1^

£u>OJ-jLj ^ Ty ^(JJ^.'£^^^3^'>S' ^(j,i-£'dJJi(/-

J 'J\y VuX .'^^j 0J

t,' '■.^^■yj/-

^i^y^%Jlj4f^^vAi^'iY^'O^-^r1

-iyj-ylyyy-yyjy ^ y^ y*':f J ^ J^1

'^^(/jljly^ (/J u J>\ ^\y^J>^^Oy£C01 1^ ^ frrfij-j^i^yzCdy^/) 0£y.C}Sd '

c~6 jawii£>jyWL">jfd>Sdj^

oi^o\ ■* 1y^fyj^"f '^'^d l^'j'^ifj'^ 'J ^1

- lK faj"- "J'')* "-i)

^\j)\y*&syy^\j\)is>0j^$ ■ ^ic/ ^

yijdyi.y^ 1 ^jL^tcX/lfi rUjlll ojj?i^yWcj^"t/ A^^L-jj »>V '^u/'ij'. ^jy'Ui-jl^J5^iylj-J>'^ ^i^l/ijy^ i^t

d\j?^4'Jjj±xj^'i/'Zr^ 't/t •y^j/l^/jUy^tLM' IJ^-- ^jJtfpj'^j^l ^'J^■\jh'/^/,^(}^' - J;'-^f/y&OI "^'-iry^^'^t' Of ^ JiibSw^\j:£^-^-^j']Ci;j^'J'

1C1

> Ju^-y £?»* U^1 '/<f l-*^ ;>*£}>>Jtjtf'i'

^frj'yiy^yo\-^j'y^'y«is'.ij,^iyi~>;'-

'y^jy-- ■ 'a//. •

jrXj-i •^>\^yf^is-^'/j.^''Ji

•!>: ^ ~>y^y^-^yy ■^yjiy's \i Xi^w-^Xrx>,Xj'> •Mij-J-'d

. o/yn«- Jc/yx^^r^difyw^i^

if-

^jJ^s, ^jy&j&j i ^yJ.^d/^'^

; ^£_-l>Oj[?^ht t^Jj^-j'1 i "This must not be taken to mean, however, that the exclusive aspect of Sufism has not also its roots in that age. The Prophet gave some teachings which were not intended to become common knowledge. The following tradition which is

accepted as genuine by Bukhari, one of the most scrupulously reliable of the traditionists, refers not merely to one such teachig but to a whole category. The speaker is the companion Abu Hurayrah: "1 have treasured in my memory two stores of knowledge which I had from the Messenger of God. One of them I have made known; but if I divulged the other, ye would cut my throat." itXP ^ J

"The decisive argument in favour of the Muhammadan origin of Sufism lies, however, in Sufism itself. If sufic wisdom came from a source outside Islam, those who aspire to that wisdom -- which is assuredly neither bookish nor purely mental in its nature -- could not rely on the symbolism of the Quran for realizing that wisdom ever afresh, whereas everything that forms an integral part of the spiritual methods of Sufism is constantly and of necessity drawn out of the Quran and from the teaching of the Prophet." £& '

vrji " What is Sufism-' ^ Ui/i An Introduction lo the Sufi Doctrine

1^1

ij! ' i i 1J ■1 J ^ — ^ ^ ^ j

£.'>/.>?d.^.'i' ^x^J'-jy 1'Lf t^r'- ^ 5 >->''?/JI - ^ ^j>j?'-'>'y?;/^~'"4rj1 j/'

'i\>\sttfh-^-/^j ^-j

^yyx&jj '-■yy^ j l-? ^1 ^

y££^jjy,Ji/Y/My'iS/yj\j'\u>/-6'o>/yi<jj

-^-Ec yy^yyi tyjy.xy. &'

^Ay y'>{/^^yLyj'K>^iiL)' y^-zy

iff

.^r

w&yfy r - ;

Kjl Lu1 1/J>JL> - ^y; (j u yfi/iy ^^ i

Uy/. tu^ue. -^-tp

*'—^ "jif311)^ g^-t) "^t^yy 6i j> i " <^

«y< '//V-'^Jw1 •& ftyi •ffluyj " aTI'

"i_>^IcJtr®Uc_JytXJIiljJ "LSfUy

&'}■>* j&0> ■

-tzyf

strO^y Oli i\y~tX l/'UJI J^JU'C I

SMKiyd-" A" I ill rod uci ion to Sufi Doctrine — t^} & "Sufism & Its World View"etff

(XI9a-) I^JejlAt VA* " Ultimate Reality <£ Meaning Li- l^falPs'J^ijj I ^

"rS^d'JyMry i/jy

rd - wjyjj.

il'l*'

yj U-J ^ ^ Uu'^

J'i\^' L^

tfjJii/l'tytffj.b/'i -i^'^>"^M^y&-if~>

-SJJMyJ-Aw^ jjij\)^u^slA\J^4*4AA&A

l jf_/ L *^r^'iShW^yieZ-^i/J^-ZZf'^

vy1'"1^''I'J|

iyCtf.'X'. -3} (cfi

&>ltJLlf'.^'*zr -> • ~-r^^ 0/ J'^'Syi

1 t/d^/LcsiM (>J'^A.ii{Joi»w'is:jii

C&ji*

i(/imi'«'^-"$r"a©

HP'S

^ v ofvj ^^4'^*i](i>jt\LJ%'ijZ\/ry\jj>i

o&'fffi'l&'i/j lv hrMi^^ll .... </^.y* Vv ifO/CVi;>!)l^:yi i/rf/Jj?

^ J;^!^—aUoVt/

tS'Uii-J UI -

- 'i:^0^j>\ t^L.ir.zi,) }\)ycvL-i/L

rc/'^^dg-^K- - "5"' ^

Hi*

*~oJ- Ji-otf'i-l^jj Ifljil^J) \/) i^Ji) ^^Jrt J>f

y/frtyo/^yj^,&iJ^,(f<eL.j(}&i^r(fi > (f/Cjitfjii/ijijZ('y,'j/iii.

J^-"' - IT

j&\„iSji.^;)J^o»jL.j?o^'^ ijip

io ^ 'f <^/■,-, '■Jyf^ <£- ^< i^/ < ^ L 'cZrtLy^ujsh CIUJJI Ujiyt/y^j a^j^/fCU/j^yy/ - ^r Ur^t/l ijjtfjts-tZrJ L> f icy(/'}-/f^\y 1

& "j>\ "i^'^Y & !> tiytz-fd

/II ^c//^- - ^J}.^ e^A

If A

J^si \^\/-^Q).--J'J\J^Jl>\(f)Jijl^ll/O^I

LP fy»J ft&SeiJ/h K^IJ^

"xjrJ-^/^Jif^/^

'Ut "■ (/if i/r^y^T ^^■6/^/o/iK^'^''-^^ if-l|w^ / c? fS . 'J^jJiJjJ' "

Msjl'/W 't^iioS}}^ i ^-i-f" ^

Mfl

•.. ..tzJjjjyJij^/Jfjij'' ^'Y

j'^^fuoy/i\j.y'>^yyyJ''>J'X'r'y?r<*''

Xitism ^tf£(Jj^ciS//di^/''^^i<y^

^A'/yy' A ■j.Ayayi^jtti&t—j?^6"-

wr'Wj'hfM/i^^/rJ.'-.iX" ^

it'

^y^L'^ Peler Ihe Venerable

'J?^J>^U'rS>yj'ii/j'?^'L*r'

iA"ini (>avj "yyAiy?" y

id'

(ty/^rijl. ^yi\.^^~i>£i>ysA'u>>^'.'>l'^/hJi''

.^r£^<4aL'^

-1^

jjlfj>h>iijffi"Po^Ji>'' Ay A ^Ji

jyyj/Aji) ° j ^^ JiA-y^^-1 ^1 ^ JC&My^Ply;Aj\JiVjji^'ilA>iJ.cA'-^L/*

, f'-i-zJ^'' Mohammadanism "Whatever the psychological explanation may be, it is

difficult to resist the conclusion that the term "revelation" was confined to those utterances which were not consciously produced and controlled by the Prophet and seemed to him to have been put into his mouth from without." f-c/

irfi; H i ^

w

•zJjr^ t/?y^^j)\o,y';j>tljjfi\i^,»f jf)\)\ ossJtfrM

cfi^y J~-j'y^<LxJi j ifrj jlyji

t isw-yJ'Ji i J J' - (f/ij* U'j'j^i^ [i^: c*;) i ^'(/^{/." j^-.^l.> oylr^—^ • "^jC^

o\o) - ^^jic^^yu^/j^j^'ju^j^J)!/,

i iji 'cC-^'c/-^' '(tiy^'ijyt^'ol}- iJjJiCStf iJ^vt U/< Lj>^> *£,t^

IS 'J. t -^M/' iJ^J^OjJ IJ^y i(jf cfo&yjyjtyjjt^j u w> u oi o-^y'Zy^if^

a l(/i wi;}ft,< ••^jj>n J22 H < ik^ (iffx^oiy^y: ^

" •*> cbS . 'C1-*Z^^<f'Jl1 **',}*<&'

iJ^.^3/U/ ^PtUZi b U^i J ^

Jf-^rt '/>' ^1

li/iltn^-"!/"^!/ ^ iV"m^""5'-1^"''

t"1- V- fc"!/

lip'

^LI-JI^I .^rl54=_,Ju»/-J;

^ jj: vjJ" ^ jyyii/jilSJ'j'i - UJj-ij

&"' ^^di'iU'i-i^Mt.'lS^' lsZ/i-*riSJjisif&>' J Ji (Forms) cW^U^'^y/^'rsy*-S

is ■ &)/ -■ L.^ (J1^ ' .oC'y dYY'yiJ \ > (te-Liai - - ■(^tfl-s'rtjf.'f

-■-■&--Xot 1/

<>(/im«iitf^-">!jf(j-o»" is' <-enfly\^^^j)j/\^ tiJi

HdO

fy'isjJi J'yfa'

jj-M -ji ^jjy.

■yiM >* ''"' W'5 ^

^C/1 ^/^Jj^o i

0?yial/(fi,&jLS£{'J^--^£pL> '; yU>^ ^/yjj V'-^ Jctfjjj "J& t'^i/yo^/;jj\<z-u\yfjy oi [/.

^ "s sj/j

ru^i^y u/jlc; 'oJlxoj/jJjSi&S(0

d2o\:)fy(ft^oy*l^^s'^^)lJ^U.J ^

^ ^y^L

iiC^'j^i^j}^JjfjhlJ^W^^^J\.^^r^r'r'^Aj(i>i V

o-itfyPi wi'ij ijifi ilii i*jsdjJ> e^S

~^lJ'JySc;^^,'L^~r^i~''-'-i/y-^U''?^~l'C^lJ~lLX^-'^

</(/.> -ji'>fy^-< -r-'^y-

fjjl ^ iJ-^f ^L^U^c^^O1

-J ^<719^;^' ^ ' - -J yj>L yi^A^pj^if < '-r-3

yiqiy &A(t' ''t-vp-'S'

'- i LPX'"J

V/'c£,T'S'|<r->c/' * '"^ J^'1 Jyff Ol"^ Ahmadiyyat or The True Islam

Ji Jjtfyojui^jjjvi-yf&jjjj}

1. "We hold the belief that this succession of Prophets will continue in the future as it has existed in the past, for reason repudiates any permanent cessation of this." ai^ IflM rd~>s •' : £jj fa

2. "If the world was ever in need of a prophet, it is much more in need of one today when religion has become hollow and truth is, as it were, dead."

"' ^ ^ t/

f??(/'((">'■'k)"^} 1

I •(/' Ahmadiyyat or The True Islam "t/' t-^i1 'Uij WH

161

Jfyji>'iSo&j&>ii?!/ljjiJ-ijifoiii^J^£-z(j?'jfi>{j/ ■■-Is-4^

\i--&lJ>\J*>'$tf> iZ i* !<■ - ift^:

■■^Lt

(/•■=->•»-^ 1^=- {)}(J

a j11 yiiMfijj&tXjjjMjjvp' 43

(3

'li^ji l^^.( ratP^'-i/U £ jtfte^cjiGLJji.^^is i.^>^

rljjl

dUiifaifcUCj

li ojJ^/I y u? i j/ijdJjLf'j^O^^-^ cJi^^J'U/Ii/tijJir'yj-t V'uv Lf1 - i^/

MMK

O" u j Lf ^ iK /(iV.u'-'!A''T-'^ jjrjt.j'S ^ Ui' - ci^/n^K J^k^; "

LjjjJ I 't/i ^ i^t^y

>1U' I ''=^-

yj cijio-- ^\f_(/j\n • '-^ '^,

l^-j 'c/y' cz/^yyy j" &1

t^l/ct;r^VJ- %}o/"2JL'\jJ'/t*z.

\jj)_;jS w' J U7!^! - J \S^))j | Atf < ■^l/il yy'U I; 11J Ij J - iJ1 l/tliv 2/1'^-- y V c1

JjUvLi 1 - L/ lv^> y Lyl? Olf I '^/f - 'y;

-i L/^j li^y'i A a s ^i-^_ uX if i iH l^ o)ifjCfiJ~Jjiii^>j i ^

IZSLf i^/l-J r> J-^OCJ u J-y))J\ : ^-iJjl,' 'r^Ji I ^ b^J>J''1

-IV-^- ■.^-•wr'_><| if-i^yijuy yy l'iJ-/;4-i'

($jifJiJj1&> y f/yl'.- u) ai- is-ivrca,// '^1 aJ^

jyyjy^^ii>W(jJ^\iA/><}'^>^,-'i\^^/:

^•xok^. jjLyt'scy'yjz

-JSptofyt^uW-iZ* I»&-&.W'/ '■'>* w

r-iy nvvj^jy ^

t,\rj, tii

HMP'

- £-'j\J[\ Jil jLfl)lQ^"j\Jf'ijjl^^^i))\

J tf^'^ij^cXias-'jiff 1/ ^(S'i^J'ii^' "c^ '^TJ^'JULOJ - J-j^/

J\>\ij}jjpJhIJj-vUIJl) I) ',tf"j^ji>\fa\4^',J\jSr&

^-'\AH t. s. \Jj\j^if(/y/j) r^VlOl/ "J-^J&Ijh^

^(tW/ut/WiSj^t/J^J V- ^ '•'-=^'' <> - a' ir^^j i

tya-^uf. Oifi/i^L;"- l/ri>jUj^ I

oi;r I jijJj} iji* yUjjtgf<"^'(/j/U^I, ^SLJjjcS^A

»'ri/HrfUfJ»Jl'r>lf'i,A-:ISS.U.'kl ai-

fSS

\y &J> ^ 1 Jt^r If - -i/^'-^ 1^1 c/j^ ^(£v2J£yi 0 t-'J—^ ' Jif^ t ^dliy"(f''

-^rkij,lf0^

j/- i^iy^^if1^^^J^JJv\9>/'-yfJ'JW!r.^':=:- i/h &' JjA^y^jb'' (^J / j^-'■,' t/ (^"^b' ^ ; ._- y&rt

'J-^/^^cfy^i/.diiSyJ o^j:^1

V ^^I^j:5'y^'JL^^1 * J'ti'^

/&& ojliyt-Sji v'-^ •'t/t iq

fc&op ^1 -

IjJj "

Oj^y^cr*

^O^^r-y ^yji/ '^y^Oj/.if^'^i^y, "y'^isi if^Jt^l2^>U^/^Ji'

^-^LzClsy;

^yy^/i 2yyM ^ SK/t/^i'liq^Ouu^ ^i, 'J'<r4/</|9(9(^ JiUply ait

^ "jr^c/^^ot ywy

A'^l lev !>>><;-*=v-' (/J' I y^f-sCt -£■> vj k^O k- ^"$ "(C^U^. if'^-^

<£■ Lpy. bfo^Oil^s^J Is&jyfylj't 'tfi^■<

-^'^Jcj i ^ '>1 k

Jjt/jifj i >y\j)\&*z. '^>^U ": tr>l LjL^j/r}^^^j£\>J^jj\iji~lfi&

Ml Utl/' I ^IjSj'l'J l^lj'AJJ^ijj'

Ozfrfiio> O'^-'yt^r ^li ^^/l[!hj'Ji" ft* "'^^riflY K(- cJi\S>\>

^li^t/l )jj!^'3^ f

J.^Jj£iilSjvfaA*Vi'-y^tSi'J-y'*:r'S't*f'^-'^--

JiS/t &<(/jis:fj(jy(£ii)jj> I!

'uful^Ski 'cCfoo^'ufj* Yi ^>^'^\s/'nj^iyr-

jp^ >ip j^iUw Jji/jPipt ■■ 'c^i £

^ 'jyj^l/P-ir^i/^. ^/P^Ji' OA Fif. - Ciljjp} L iJ l/

Jtf^ J t 'jb^^^'^rUt^

Vf&A^ o' jw '(j^'J tJif^ ^ ^o/u/c/i '^Cj/j>'/b£j>\

jj) (pMiilfoXisi\j$pip^>\>Cs\yJ^{f'jpjllj)\^T{Y'i£i^XiP

a-r^/ir if '^i 'PJ^'P tp, aiK

•(sq

^ '/j h'lJ'iJ'jl

JinWb(jjy?j}\IhjJv 1/'aJjji^J "&"'<£■

- Jty.j'ijkvytjAZi'J.1 y :0;\:W

{*($#*) ^JOJJ ^jpfajjj: ^iLxjj^Siy' b a-' I \.H "& "- 06/^y^'^oj (Ay

- -ICi'S^Lf1 Xj'^yM. & c Ity

"j[>hh'/

^1 ) "^y ^i>l- ^ >»*■

1 '(/1 - -£r (pl^-ir^Uf jjX' (/ ^ ^ )>>r i^A/'

&y\>%

yy £ ijil "i/yy*" A^' &

rP&P:'"y'CJi ai£- c/- J1

yofttyX i ■&. - ^x>JA ' fa"

( fa ' & "ji

't/ft )Ljffl^6(jXXX ^o'X

^PiUb^z-fV lulj^. 'J^ t -jy J^yy. & isjx^,-l - fa * ^ctutx/S"

jL ojXJS L . ji-- u^T/ X'^O^X

0 h V'ytftX.J1 ^ ^ > ^°y^^-xyyxyX'oy&>

^" 5 i^xf'-Xjj'yy-'3 '-^T- 4isc.y.j:^*xb\£'X&i^h£y)^ji''fa*"

-^Xyu'OlU )J" ywWjy?^C"fa ° *£■

H4I

- '-/jj/l J if °Jl£rljj>'> i Mifr/Zt}/

y%*JJlj2~yi£/jbei-*llGj3\Jl\£/£l\f''\^r.^X\sy'tiy)j^:J3\*JXJm

Ji^.'|/i"L^-^j'^/^'ijf'^>'^fJiii''Vll"J/^i^i:::r)Xy^ll:' ly'irHM^-'/^'g;" »!1

Pain and "c^LJo^ V^fe1^ ci/yMAI"i/j^* Pleasure

■&/l&>£0?,W»lSwi<J

tf^c/l^11 - ^1

OjIc=-^ <• ^ 1 t/i^1 '-< c,>b'l^-

T^ryi^^-^^>-^-'|J.»W-1-'-'' ^

o'dl & ' ti ^ '^r ^1^,1501^Jarring Note

hj isyj-^J3 yj l/'/l^V/--^^1 'v'*/-^'

J'uyiblx b'^^fji) ijy^j} i <-^^/^(jfi;i)y*^)>fUit>Wy*j^,/*lfct(4^> ali-

rT'-t/"

j -" j ^\j>^3ljpv'

^tS/MtfJ'*£jti.ufrf'^oPl>j'loy'^i/>i.'i'*-'f'' -Jj)^ U' A? ,'^)2~^''>

Strategy^ __^_y.^Lisolate wjJ-s^wU/

h L/^t •'i ijj i/'Aos/j'o''. i> yOji't

JUI /^JOj/t^Vjf'-lX.<iZ±^JJjyj'tJp'W?jjlA i^t/i Wjy&'A

y 1J 0 J J i>f-^ ^ W ^ C-> - ^ if i/^' ■'> 1 i^- ^

'll'

^y"/n«5w

^1/ 'ciZtii/ "ifjl ^ ^L? L U1 ^ j !/f i ^ J 1 ii- tfjiij/VJi^u-"'! "/ijfy

^ ,yZj '-^j'^cJ) ^ u-' ^ ^ ^ ^^J'1 ^

- {?j?"jZ\Z)Z^i.h-/jZ i ^ Z a' U^J-t; _/l ^L.; > tfy I

^ Zy^jsj^^i^CasZ-j*IZ

yX'Ztyj&fZiSiii^'^^r ^ Z^Z'^Z isyzZ&Z^^Zy^Xiji^j.ZJj'^Z^.^Z Z^,\fXZZ^>Z'tf}'J^i?j:M>k-ZZ>'J(t o1: J

cfa,Ut&i<£.j4a,J^i/i- jijZ-Si Z' >pZoi' ZZ^Z^Z'^Zz :,jki^ e'^yZZZ^z^^'PoZ^Z- ^■^■oy^'ZZ'ZjZ-Xoyl'Z'C'j^>jJZ- 'Z'ZZ ZitA,^1A'i 1^ --A A *xxZZ

vdiyZ/zZZAAsjt' Z'

uZfatZjZoftZ-'LpiizZzJ^Z^ZZoZ''"

*16

j>I '»/"<' ot) - - --if&X

J/'j/ \j&' ^jX /jj> jO&J ^.Jlty ^tji ^31

>0*^.

^jd$(yiyo\dj^\iJ^^d)iyZj\rJ\J\J*dL^yJi.3tidL/

i JLZI t^di^/^j/oyyjj/d^o'J'a^^y^ '^yysJjd^^ ij;^ ^ j^/y^L/' •' '&■ "ii'^/Sd. oy/y^foiJio/,

d'z oJiioh'dyw/yo^tfufdyj/y^yxyyjy-y yy'd'd'''dC^-(JlSijt/d(^yhjyyi^^d oj'XllfjjbjjCjl

^ijLsyud:('f/^liy^,^i&y/i&*gldyv/^/

cyiwoteMj'ytJd *£- fc/"/iw&'yZi/<>r'&" ^

Juldj >A '■>■*£{$&'lio&^i/-

tJk- 4^J - ^oh^K-^S'-1

*0^0 if1 '^Aif" i- i up i/'^-o-^,1

^ ^/"cftdiO '&"

jjwc^Ji«t^y*1^'''' ^f-'

l'"i^ Q;1 M/ "'f1

r\i>lY<.<=^Kc> " ^ " a^- ^(DW9 ^ ^

-ynf) /)f

i-/\^J*\ ijtJiO ^>\*£ "JO"^

i tfo\. ^ tfvs^ lJsJ^^-JI "/*~- & > J JlsV^

Ufji^jyt^/)'iji/jio^*^ isyo^^ ^/j 1^ l^o-l/u; I '(Jjy^-A OJ\J ai'>i/./jssbj&^v - \j\S$\oj\/y&cjJLstidyij)^ ■Jy^y d LrJjvsjyj^vj ^I'd c/yJ^/^/o'J^o)iy

-V-£;>),*} -1 /y^yij- f - -af'rfj/yCy&y^jjy/y^C'&y. (£)#iy*Lyiyy/£j>*3>/tf)\i>^\sytz~/f3yjj>}\>/&>'y ^'/jJi-tiji y 1 ^ ^1 './y*—- ^=r ^ '^iVj'ji^i- D)-cX/4- y) O^-H1' {P\P 'j'-Pl tyj^'1 -s^J-»'(/ y^y'jjjyij i yj i^f—l^k>" ^ pyy-'^yy"

vrj* < njyjLSj* i ^ f'fif' i - all^ i-r^/

Hf 1 uh J:j31 ^c/

^^j-j^iji^J^'' &" (/wr&*'*•) ct*1--'^*^

"cjt J*^4: ^*U^-> -^J5^ ^

1 y/j?" Ji ^ I (.s^j y,ij^J,JiJ\PJ-Jr^ I &■*£' If''

- [f.^ Li. I &jjj/' •.j^'C'} Jj l^: < ti-1 !;J> I-«J1^1* '{S>Ji^ "-^ ^ ^i/-

'/>£■ 's[J^^iSnJJ "^-v} t)\y*J,"^(/Jv(yJi\ "Jig iif\jo}^j^j^Xj^^cSi/[2ifuzj^(y.\J'cjjJ:'^^ ^ ^ i>^ijf^v'L> '-^j Jci ^1J i-^. i jjf L/g-ir'

1>L^I -WC,'^

j . l -' -t/ , '- ' "-t .

-ji^/ji^^y^ '^xt

•■s^b

y, >ijjj "^y'Jr^j'^.

& ^>/>\)j i tfiJy£yyf"oj&i "cCy/f^y

j?b\/'cdjo^a -t^/

i/d^^^dyjj>/',/&£'*iiJ,,j1* Kiz/uyi^1"

i*.

C/^id

tj/sii i 'jtifjjy^Jbj i - crfdjz i^ji^-^ & J/I b/j>\^(jd'^tfjjy'... - tji^Kj jir^^i

/^r^^^^-^t'i/1 --*f 1

l^^-f--,J^^J,c) i^l/^''V !^H

j; i/yji I^wvij j^iJ-' /y^t-—V/I/ccj*

^ ^Jsj ^JjlJ*/& iJ^y^dej^do^ ;. 'oj ^/J^Ou iJLb&yAo)

(//"

- -A ?s, [/*yty)j\W?tfjy/\'Oj/&yryA'j\fy''jlJ.(tJ~'& "jj. <&

iAl

^ ' tSJ'Mf

^J'rf-gij-^iiJ'oil'^/JiJijisA i^uv-jyy

ifi\ ij>jj li VxP4^ C^^j0^-^-y^-/'^- ^ V^4-

o>/^J ly

y v> ^ Yj^wrfiy,^ % "<£■> ^

rrt t-r ai^- ^ 'i}'^iJ!/^'3& ^

^{z->'£/-' ty^ij31uus'cfj i y^j1 ^ «& -mi'Vpl ^ 714

^JZjii.iZo- \/*JJL^L/il)fcdySpj!.y

^ i ^J^j> ^^/isA ;Lx oiirffofy '\i^Jic/j^ ■^-/*tf ■ £-■

'l/iJJ I/jj>2?^

jy^'/^y-t^oj \/j^ j- ^ U'U^f b^t-U

ioid'Misju.tfo csjx^ J>y) \/^ t ^r'^ofJ^(c%' & &' ^fj^/'J1-'

^(/^yy^d^d-J

vi-' ufu^-

\,J r^i usy s t/JJ_ Living Biographies of Religious Leaders

»1/"|II-I-S.ji,I. - 5

Ui" ^ l>, Gabriel's High School Magazine a0

y>j 'dS'&y^ & ^d.

^ li*^^ jj yyw i i (tzr^j- tiJk&yyj. yy/iyytfoi/o/cdy^

o}-y/yji/idyy zy^dy^^

i/IWJ^I %u ^

isif*j^tfS&y^£>jww-W-'ti}:/t'o(j'y',\f

^" i^^^/i/j-^iir-AJii/ui/fe - Ct/'?i^v^^ ^

Y j> Jl'ia^^-^ir ■ «t? ri^A(j^j/^i >(/>(/ L/^UU/ fily*-/^ ^ a^'

(jfl/P-t-^1 r' ' C/^3!: l/bUljt/j^y&S^ oi/MM? 1/jy, ^"(/^ u^'-'

o'j^1 ^js^'j-yJ^c/^^'j^

}jlU/*J-£(^cjVwJ* '^i&i/.^jf-oy^

yftfaiijtJijjtfjfa*! voy^y^O3^' JuJjh' OJJ^q\O^ ^ ^(^(f' y''-/''(fi-'d3! ^Ju"'^3

(S&l-~Siifj/i "(^j/c^Ji/ j ^ '4^^

JcirfA/tfjJ'j'Jitf ijQ fc-'CV'tffe/ ^■j./^/'>}^rh>\

jjj>yS0L- "=:;- -• P> ^ (/> i-1 ' cfc % ^ 4/4/

o)\JJ) i ojy Tf\^j 'Of v J u^rOf-^j^c) U ji-i^^ t I 'A ^•ZjtfyljljjsS'isZj. ^ 1/jsyJjfyt&iSM t (l/j> i

(Oiyy>nw^rfey\S/?3*s^J(<i3J'.i'r3>J' ^

4-»A

Ct? c IL J ^t/ij (f^ L -; Ji-2^a^SAo^-''v-^--=^'ls'-['-^Ji-l!'i-u'-i''-^r

i L> ^

-J-.£■:/*>.

yj' ^

/j l>> >'*t&aV-^'j^fa^''(f'^JrA>d^^t'b. -c

I^'j u^lXi -<) 1/l/T '-»^ ly^f

-JJ¥* ^^ty>bl'vL'1^f'*zi. ^)j,\t£::j£,j°3j)\y~j'l}\> i-

• i JU^I Ifti'iJU' j/ ^01. j-Jte '^/'/^J^J^- iP-^iJ^-

0 yjAyfcj) & If t/

6 &£</'■' ji\i£ y *0^* X^oif i^y t ^^'(/cP^c/^* J ^J-^Jc/1 '-<

ij" /IIha 5,jtyn

; IT {/(ft OLCI Kj' I 'J^L^r^jJij^

if.^ J&}

3 ^cfVj j^}JJ --v-

■^"XlfJ-sL Truth

vfa- oy^H l/i ^

- (^1 ^ '

o) jA^M^r^JyAA^(S'^^'' "6) OiMf/.J^jO& if 'Acjuji '$/J> i^i/jfj'^Aa' L^>" i"

jj - ^jt^",'^!/'^ 'J>1 ,"^<'->i '"ii'^.if

y'Ji^"' "-4-C-'' * 'UHK' 'ft ■^^(M/- 'ul-"^'*^-4J'tyj ' 4

1 ^ '-r'^' 2 Cr*=^J y

&:^W>ly>/iiM.-jiy^\s-4'j^i'&

iy,Shfs.y/».ji ,i»'\iJii/^M - Li'i/i^v ^'4?I-

Mji\,j>^y-j}a\>^ c V/lu!)!"' Ii4 ^'^te-^iX

t '^cfy i /j*a>/'iS)\&£>iftf'ji\ "u^j yj^i^ ^

^ ^^,:'jV-'J,^1/Vrl

^y^di^'^y-i/jy^^-jj fcj *l*~-*£j>\tf'jtf$>yf [itJyJSjs, Ui/^.C^y

-<^y/0^yj\o) U ii/f^ ^ tfYyj&ii# y/^&j4ZrZjiJ'a£J%/)0

t/^'^y ".• yji^ycj/yj>^^\^Mj\j>Mi /

"-uty^/* ^UjltUAS/^ ^ <> ^ 11 b\Jj£'ez~-j\r<£> i ^\r'

- - - Jyif^lfo Ijj t/l Jl>'^l li/i M^)^y>^A<7j> a!^

IV

yyt /lJ()^\j^O'&lO>-£uO>->jJ'J>]'ifJ

(_/L LXjjJ'}£\Jj*J U'^' J'^e^

yy *S'//-&> 'ofif' ^riS^if^-^ ^jJ"- ^ I I 'tfsjj^yj ijlj'fiifWCii//^/;^' L jjj*dJ*sL\

jy ^u^/y^r d^fsH/^uo

>ji i t^Jj>*=L i^^J /tStjsi.

yyjif *& * I (V^/inI•jyjj'Jjjjy"

t iuj-,

faiS&'J*'(f'^'i}ji£u^Ji^/>jy'uc/jSti^M

O^^lltv^lQuaMimivetJ^.s^j.Ui-Cjtltf:.^ UCU^

&"J'l)&'.^^&fy\.jj/J£')£QSI'\jAt3iv>\3pfaj_

'=—r^J ^/^^C'jS/t^j l>

Sjj> "j,i -^j^'/^xJ^^/J',

SSC"****##* *-

^yii^yXllV^f^^^t^^/^'/''l'/,'t!/ =« ,^.1^1?

—safe$5®S:''

"jtji i/VJv-^'^ -

J^dc/i/ijsi. ^v/V1

tijd^tlti/s,* 1^1 ji;^. u^.r® cy 1^ L^ J>i^y/jy^i "l/\,ouJc/'> »>< Ju" .■ ^ (^■4^,ji(j£C)t/J't/tV*>i -k-^"-'^(/'^(/'^JI^ju-J^<24/1/Jl/

"ou "jt ^i/.^y^j/oj^ ^liij^^ip^j)* •&tfijbdjj*,l£xpy'lj\)^,Jl£&)$)k^iOji\\j\yj\Ji\l^\j'&jJJjl(ro3

'fut J, tJ,y{d'ddd)J'jfjOI "tJltJ-Ldddj Crystallise

{^^> r\M>t>/>^ ojp^jS\jij(^\t;r>yd &.

*1 J?t .J^j,^, fjl, ^

Ot^jji" ^(/-^ ^ji ''jj'izijz'jttf! isLzjisi^ i-'\^

J^j»jl - Xlfyl)j'Jc£(J (^„jJ^ls *oti)*J,/>a-'-"^h^J'y^-(A j^JJ^

uk - ^ j ^

^ fjL^' 'J&d'Ccctj -/^'"-^(^'"LC^3 & ^ - {&</?&

(^dzhicf^iji &^ '^vT 1 £^3 "-, j^/- J'rUU-^ Ol^lJ^i-O. />U*^

L^. rrJ^^/uJy^J Jd^ijd

tyuun - .oqi WrrJa (Hia^

o^-t r Uix '^c^L J' ur/i

j & 'i/tCfo at ^ u''

'Such a style is clearly unclear"

•isjit-jj 01 JyJCJ IjQjtjtr^iii^ i iff-■£■<(:

J^^/^j'uf'Ji h'ilS^i ' jyifj ^i/yZ i/^i/J^>

ffej ." Tht Imponanct o! Urns 'JiHiJ, «i r^yi "^d1 ai-

ly. ■ M&'HjP'J' icy. jiudJi/ cy X,-'5'>' ^

I' \5^\^yi)j\j-jiiiji fasoAAjJ^ GJI*' t w^i VjiJ>'l&Jr&jlJ)W i

0 ij^jV'ALGjj^c)

\^IJM "J'A Jjj sjij!& i 'yi:>cZ) <ou i "-t/

Lj J1/ I A' l>. fajlj/^y L=^j ^

i-3 [-is%' y^-yyj*!1" y i ojfji srsyXQ/^J***^/?

- UjU'ti/lfxJijJlJ'J f.4!i t'-IJ'uf^ip'hljl »JL

^^r-^^J'^ul^;oT'^^("'^Ci;t/')l;i

-^rp

- o/i

isfi'hiiijp 1 jj1* ''

fj.o1 - ^ • >^ j J^: yy

< 11 1 ^''-^

j*?^- '-s^tU' - ^j- ^/'i-H^'i^^'^-r'S J

'Ji)!'t^^lj'i3l>>^J^wI^j£?' Ci i O'j i ^ J 1 ,/-AP i^r •

'ySySjjl^&J-y l5l^'i'fJ/-r'»L'ly;^= W-'xr-V"

jA/.^. j '''• yt>'l Ki«^ljo^i/ii J^'1

b>1rf LI;^-^1 &/i/^

lijJ

v/ipatii'ijyyjd'' xjy^'^^'"1 ^

1 Jcji ^UU^'v - jMjJ^

JJ J-^t1 3-^< i ^ " 'i-r^'iiSiVi/'-J'ji-rJ' 'i,J^Mti'/'ifi. •by'-'J-M/

s^y aj-t

^s^jnQ'i >''■"'■ 'o' "^'- ■Oi^-^ui^- 'Y'' -i/jli-y'iH/i"Y-.-'nu^'

^ '-^Yo/y'< JlWi "

J '& 'J 'J iy

lAj/v ^ ^-(y < l-S/|(>i' ^

V'o&OX^/i'- '&J'fjL'*At

1'^^j<JO 'tifa"}3" cf • J y ix?-

jy/>t> ^^4/^4/ - jyj^o & L o ^ y}j)\j3% ^jj^xsJb'ij ij-_

o tttoW/, L* ^

lib t

^ & J 4 J ^ U^y^ x£^^,jJJc£Xyl)C>jOJicfjj&JMI &J> h) £//^v-U^Iri/ojijjI(jjf.01

,f|t/(^>gb>?l'C/Jl2/* ^ a-^'

^•Jjj: J V rfl^Jjl t U?^£lSj/^^cfj&JlJ^L3l*t£<£i,*r>'^tl/'i&

lj*r;>ij.><J/

l£>Ll£l/^>UjSyJifj lyify - l^U'^ -—ty/i—rf-1 ^ 1^1^ J bj' Ojj

-^i/zi^'JV;^/

L/"i &j&y'yf()\/yi^&^d&^^j\<j\>/$isrf'^oSQje\'ytft

yf.&■y.^./ifj^. J ^j^JLI/.^ ly^^M ■<zr£/^y*\iJ,yi>jZoJ'i>y~5J,' jyj'Jj )> 2i-\j° i^Lj'ii^iyy ^'oy^ ^yy.

jiyyt^yi'i/j >1/^/2^) - jioh^-ij^) ^i/yy/,

'j4:/2Jjj/\Ji^A<£/c>} tijuy i^i/if^* ^j-yyjfA>>

pjji)jsl,&0&' ail

C'b

•£• ••« ^C^/o/9'^ I VoMl^rS/^1 T"-^

.-^p^ u Jy fy^-'

J'flpl'iJi- ■^-J\}fj^£py iJhf&J^J^Oi/.^^-^-JIp

^fc'/\dj i j-ij^/JpZ/^^J^J^i^Cz&^jv'/

■ob^c//-(flcf' , ^c" Lfi>^Jy /J J - *~-ljyJij^Jo>ri UJj^J'si/t/j'jv

-JltLpJi ^..Jl^"^ br~$*£TC'\U:j'Js.^ 0/7, Z^zz^Ji/fapi/./i-yL ^yjf ^ 1 if'J

^ ••-. r.^j 1 (J .(/< (^w^; t Li"1 ^

|p'f>/y'(Jjl^*>-^>U't^t!PJ o-^1

IP''' (/-' f^-'y-f1,-5'1"^ ^

f ji^yJLo ^j/Jij)\/

<5^^^ —7-1/

jyifjlJjt/l \J'£ J {jr^j^J^-j^n I b^/l

^ "- - tfj JJ - &>*£■//&

(/cil J^' L^^-b^b ? ^jJCs^J' IK ^ t-A^j» iJij^y^' & b'Jf&Jh ti'iyr-Ce 11> AjJl)U\-\Ji\/i&\^3tfiyjJ*£~tfif''<£*£.)/

^ 'i/t&wrfif:'J-J ji' (S£'6A^jj \}^j\y^iSi ("^i •-^ij^^^-

/iii i'^--V1^5'J< ^ J ^.J fj/ JJ; - L L/'^J^S^- <L&.cz-O.J'' lyij oj of] o 12) l> - L l^L^oisJL-'^

AHjl ({»&) ^ if^uf (J'i^)J;ij>^(s3i>i)l>()fy

' '6 &f-;(-'if

j ■ 'fytfi/v »> *

"ChWfobtf—

4 '/v1"

V/. J\

^ " «ii Si 'uliili/^ ,J3j.<j Ji* l/

-Zi-

a!2

^-y^r t/i-^fJ^1 ^'I^3}if('~^j 0^^ "

»ij,.^r

UJJL' ij_ 'llJ^^ZifM^r"/^'.1

</jf "Jil — Cs*,S,*C^j>

-^ClIJjf^fS^L-s-^^W^flJjl/'

^,^-0 [/.^JZI/jt iji^LJtJfJrfr^j'L- Jy-^Jry 6^^-JdS^&.0^'l^0'yitS/,^.(j(j-^r]s-

f-t/ ' ^ lay.^i^ ^ </ ' ^'J7 ^

\J>L y flips'/ l JOfiJjyf C&

^ •iZ.s/ji/S'd/o^.cZ'" io''^."^HZjy;f^'/"

^/J:-Jio^>'\i\fA 0>'Zr<S.^'" G;^ • - is/'frf'ijh'ojZjfj?;/" -^-K iH' i^'1^

ttz- JiJ'jJ|j^ ^^■*^-c/l-;J,^r \S\Z'JW-f!^V->Zi>j>Z^^Uj^/'ljii6'/iii'jrJ'ZJ Z/

f&jZ-

j'iii^\Zj&Z^J^ZjljMijZ'^'J'ii&''*:i'dZ Z

I't/4 ^ IJ UJ« U" iJuZZZJ^yti>Uf >-^' jl1 f'11/' ^

^l.^C^U,^ /" f^0^/ji^JJ^ji/\iS>jfi

-tc-.^I jj lij^jjjl

)/'j>\jhyio^y>do$OWcC&'s&ld(f>&tyj^sl)C*>

ij ^Jj> j>^J^r^i/V fyf - L^-tf'a ^>Vj^4^//r L/dvjv.ff^y>y

rj oj .

2 iJii/^-jf t-gjc^cr^-jJ [J/JU iJs^Ji' I PLJI

ezLjj^sijZ -tzLj) *3tf,^yl ^CJ itiLj)

V(/y1 i=2-

1)1

y Vif^'utO^.-^- dU^if^rl/j^i^/ JJJS\J^>^~\JJ>^.^/M>±,/", l^j bjj i i -r^/S i/- ^Ji^= ^JV.J

w^}^(j^/j 1^I* 'Jjs i/j lA'l \^j[f/jjj/ *zrfo^xfi £ >pij*jyy}', t Jl zt VjJi

(jll/lj i^ ^ -i/L^t>u 'Jfrt

<f'-i t J i/k-^'^f L - LA/^tTj'i)>&t(/.W>V

y.^jJjCf\j\M yij,^yyj3\'c~;<=£

^Zfr^U'/y* ^ip

j ifr '* y&lLiJMiJLsjJJli/f/ *£?

WcJ al3

OY

L-^-j 1 ^^r ^^ ^

v^<tj ^'(K^

yij^ 'n-i. Cfji '^i

^./^ji'^'iviytsj^ - (y'l/j; 'n-i -i?' j'y1^ ■ ^y-!:' LJ«s-1_^-'(^ it fytyjy' -y^-y'' Jttji^iyU^-^f'c/jiji/Jy'ipC'i t>jji>fjy J i/'

l/l/Sij'iilijSi'liti'fay&'ii'

, i/jf»if-^t/1^'

y Wn/.jjjfa^isJ&^i fa

type J^-i'.^r^'^ -^r-0' 'ypyw'-c*"^-

-*Zri$/>&.^>'li'>'^

jJfa/d>Ji/fal-'>IJ''fa-*rty 'lSjl&j 'Y'fa-

y fay, fa'j *".3^ *-3

<|C

Antiseptic - (4 Cs'-Z - <44^ Jr'jte 0 l-n^

Lrifa/' "

'y i K()>fvj-i 4^ ^-4^/4"

(_/. J Ix^""jL/JvUc" >4/j iStf/>JifJjiy(/i<Lif OJ tfj ^ i/.^ Ijtfj^ t/^y^'r"i/i/cfi^- £

y^o^oi-'-sr-^tv

- oj&tf;)jfy^-OX/J^^jJ>yJijjj>$t\y, Ujyi-y/Ji -Ji^ytf-y^jj''ctfidu<y iv'i

: ty l4i/ l>^ j t?(/>J/','r^'

i\6

jwct

y,>yj\j:u^-^y[o\yj>^^^l/./[s'yji'^' j'y^J lr U^t? wt-JJ^ed; I -JL (JjJj 0 U" I^J ly^U>

~4jo'^> **- •/^ ifA'X^/)} y ■" . c)^^. c w u i^-V »W - '(f\j_jJi>j__ jifjii/jv^f- c/J^a ^ St Jis \> u j/-^s^jih^ijjJ}

a!^: &ysS'\%'j£\y."j,/" o jtys'S v 1 ^ ^ 1 1

-jjj^ji/"ji/v/ "i-y^sy ^"

ijlj^y? ^■Zzr'b^dy/' .Jyyyy ^"- - ■ ■

ysyf

fr- tyy "y^y t ii^rt/(>fL.J> id

\±J)J4lttjy{yd)J»0 a£"

'^yj//\) bjsi -^jy/j^ yyo^j^/yy n^y^f. - JL^^tfjiyifjjjiy^jj-y1 "(^^LJ^'

111/yt£,jj^/jj'j}\J']'\.y}jjjj!,

JjirfJCa'ti isjJjJl&l<yo l-eLv l-J W.^-Z^J

-s^ cI1 <~y01JiXjJ y*'f(X^r .^i/^i-^r '^J lifers ^ " tf/&l/jJJ &'/' "cjjyjls /t^/^4 i ''^L/^/jijiy&^j'jsi.y/j^ji - if jy & 'Jy. ify tfyy tfyjyy.w ^/Jfjt u-^. ^ /

o \*Lh£fj> i yy/y

-*£,,/iXi^ H&i&J'Ztf

\tHy lr\*i*yij!yjyif}\j\j;')JjU^ (yJ')jjjky ad- t^i aClf

l/i'U

^ Jji 1 a£^:

c ujj/'J^- ^ '^Lio tf^/t/1' n^yVj81'

*j JjO c"J ^ Ijr* Cjhil^/jy

■tru/ySy ^iwi^4 "-"'"t-cV1

j\-

[Wljti mnof.'J'^ *& \yilj aSS4

Of

-s^ 0 ix^tt oj/tZ-CXs If L/«7 U Lv'J7

^ i-A?'i jjiA'^J1. >4'4>'iui^ ^/^ut/^ !; Talker "

L^-J (fjy jt '-^-O/ KS1 ^ 'j'sJi^-y

- u-a^_^> 'tz-Jti4^0 " '4-Jd'&t~&

>iid '-ff^ ■^>/'4l ' tJ%0^l>xJi/jyJ'L>rf/(ff

lfl tfjii/JO^

jU f ofJjA1 }4 I^1_/| lf(>^ wjJ'jZJ Lf Jy^-' Jyji jL^j^1^

t /I$/l/)'lflA&if fc" '> ^ - ^Sj- LtJpf'oJjj'A ^&j\j^2r-J2^i££1>flj;j3i>

M/jjc - by Vtty^ Cf - ^

^^Ji^'Jl^rj/SY' ^jS-'

^jY&J^i$>\ss&\y»cS\Ji:£y)ji>ru./t-*T>i.[i

j i j; ^-'W^T ^y s Jc)! - "=r-

J U ^ Jj/' : ^L

^A'yL'by-t^-J'" Lilerary Embellishments "c^s-e'j.,l

<¥•

J?[/I^JI^/tf.U.^Jjljj^/flyil

^i/o^diyiS/i^ W'"

•^lyvuifj '^y. j'. i

'y^'j^jiJ L; ij^z j-y '-s^'1

tiW ii^diyiiiJ^J^- s' ^ 'J/i '-

I^Ljh^'Lzil^ i <_//1 t

yj^ J^kjh^-jypyes/tz- -'jricXj^ijyi"i^ji\j)/\LJi\

" stylists "^ed^riy^ "'Z-OV'S'y^(^/Z " ^

?\,y i ijJMl J> ip^cS!J

J> i ($J \jjl'(J}\j£j'f'lS>M(S^id^C/ri(f3[i t^Uix/oUf

i^O-^iJ1fO l^J iJjfL ■'^r0/^,

i}\J^\fit.^ji ijji(/yn C iy< oir'< ^tr

- tyjjd-S, '^'J^j^u-^j^ift '■> '/-^ ^fJ—=rL^'^'d/

U^jy/O^-J^ - ifylg ifosty O/^'^ut Jl -^rijdoMijtiidi^M^dJ^'^JuJ^C/.dj^ jfiJtjti $ J tf L^jlr^ 121

-'j 1 j^jS^ isyjo^ddj

&o ^y ^ jj^))*L&<^j^jy^ji*>*zJi/{jjtiyJ'j,jy tJuL/

•jKJ£.O>\I ^/^y. i <■ ^ y^jjvi ojJ>i^\*io»j^loyy/ylljd?'yy'd&>£dC\f

1(/0J

(VI y <&

J^-Xr Y^^^Jjy l?jeL.j[y<zJ;i\£,\jrV^ b^il^i

i&M.isj^^y'tfjiJ:J&',^Wi/ylj*s./u'i2Jij_J'i i Jljsl'J MjLsjJ '^-i>

y^j>jiiJ\j/<^\^i^J--t!j^ii'Di-'(iy)yry'jVi£

tV ■r-j air vyrysjjyyy

-ojj^Jj/jljjh^Ll; Si!^C^lfy>/jfJy t J ^ ^ JlA^j 1/

tf u^>y<SJ^f^%^i£^J^^J J i y

—-'Js/oj?J L

lySoyj^^ftJPl^-j^oJ-lZv' Commitment Jj'jilJQ

jti\ yy/y^A (^j^fo/f^ i v-t/yfgjty* ^Cy {/■■ t J^<f>

tyy/Jk^ty^ s^^yhy\yJy\^o). uj^Dc^ ^ c^ Iv^l^^'U Jj^ ^

jjXi^i/" ^/>i ^i// 1 -^-T'.? ji^*-4-

£v2,i[S^\fJ^.>l&&-£z£'!yjr*^lS*>y'blS'i,

Lb J >" I tCSfjJ L 1 J>K/L:1 ^ w-4 cCb^lyy^- ju>s^b^

yy. ^'yyjiff'''jii/-^/yyj>i/

^>^4*j&-iy?>>y>j:*i/'ti-*riiiy^ ftiajyiSj&yS^&iiiiy>>^>'i-J/''!Jl<Zr-'rfJl>'y

y^y^.'$'uJijii\t>\.ty\ijky''P>J'liyl*'*£:OJiPJi

/' ypytj "yy*

sj}- 'I/A iUS^'-JUty^JyO

^yc SJ^O \)t^-yj3 i <£>■>*

\ tfj:w/u/uf/^i-^j/y(ys.^

y - - ^/J" ^' 's:^^jjujM

i/(s~/^,j*i^{-^?f'i/oiji j^y ci)/"'rfjsLr} ££/y>j\^\£^j^\i^ry'j^is/j[jk)i j)j yjZj a\jMj>iuJ>\?jJtl/y\. ^ J^jV

pcL/d J u>^l^^' IJ Ij I tr^jjijf

a—'J'^(jtj Ojj SjJ

w -ioi,/' ' bi/jo^^jj £

''•s//>ijjyj'^iJU/L'DS,//fU&l oii - l'^i/'/^(/jii>J

<■'J J))iJjxzijd\iyj>\ jslt&Uiil .1 wiS r»,f 'JsJji)\ .y n-j run . i-

f0* j? hlfSf JLCu^w'c^js\,j,i*' -(*■

ffrj O-if (fsj'bt Mi.&u&.a

i-n-y fmr ^Mfc5 ., (J^>;

'y I-I't/' tyty^pyiyA ■ <■ Y^cf hit) ^ Jyi-c)^'^'- A

j-iflaa rfipiQ&Ojil i WJ MM iSjA&'^ (fM>' I'll/ M'r j/Ufifi./i ,(V->,.

tirj 'nai ttfj o-j' Mi*

(Vo> fffi/ fnp") Ifj'K'^

^i^A. " icidt/ 19-</ ^9•"» 'Jfflwjfys1

(S'^j (^J

?• J r\Ul

^ if o-j ^

firfhW* ^yf rw {(ȣ> -

t/ fi«/) Jj;^/^1

f s^r^Lf^rJ^ LJ'/cf^^f (/mL^U^

rujrnut Jt's-J- njnue rl i/ o-S (»A . "* ,y

T-?f J> 'iflKr ti'sr'ifjv/- f

Y-trfnuc^ ' * 4/l/>

Y.i J {(»A> V* if 0' J- 'ydjjjlfr/pejbl - Y ^ J '\u* 6»*/)/£&-i

£}/ jsLJI Z/^'ff*

T ij r\*i a ia "'■1J'J- ' - "^'i ji' ''lO"/'

<?v'-f

cC'/ , (/; |/)^jL i;j*?il!ifL'Jf/ i/s/tf '*4%,' *

V-rJ1 ^"iflcA f-Yj fl^A /.ry .*: y

d4 y A3

«n( ^ nq df ijp .^i)ijf - ^ir

y^r^'yri1 .Y^U "

fK. - r

t-tj ✓/ {{})£*) " fun //ir^iJ-Ct/'

rr* if rfy J rwrf

rtij /iin ^16

ft-d' rrnj" /"If. ri-j? n^. uj OS

faWJ rnKH ffl^i

rr^J' U^p' rwd /J^K YttJ'

ySW .tv (f>v\) -

4/rf

ju^ji - rc - fa

* kZsiM'A-b ->*W * fvA.) ■'

,(V^j « r^'/y- ft

* . fs ^ypyi^lb (J^A-Vu* - fl

♦ -- 'ty*lJ>^)}j\lJiJ)Jp\

{jMyjsiiJ\f. c- jitti

Cf U^l'^'/ 1*1 (/ 'Hff" KV (/ niAi

A+lW ''UKA

YY^jf r.)(/ ^■19^ iptff"*) *

ri9iA fi" (/•"f c/ '19 KK ■r''

M949 'y^. yi l/V'a?"

r? ^ cV ir'*!/ 'iwi

li^.i !»"♦(/ /191^9 J Jpy^ UL> . ip'r'</

'1919 ' j'

1^9 (/ 'wr c/^phA - M

^c/ ri9f^ ri9AK

ryfj /mi

ISK J /11-M (J^pL^J - ifyfas&lf&i (J(li*:'?/>

WY// XHKA l^(/ /llfr fa riAt/ MUf ■ Yf-S r\w<. * ((»#> „ P'ff J ^Hak ^^jjyLPSoM (fajJfj(jjfi,Ciy*

niA* '- {(vjSf^Mpy.i

^J> '\ut /tpijv- ir'-y •

yJj\s i iff^niAi (/WlifjUwU^C)/ (.(ȣ) "

'jJ W^uf /I^S 'ydtf-ty {(sYy^/r' -

(/ ri«A. p^uy^y'ejjl ({j\J(£) - /) 1 A* '/ '

y/Yfapijy {(s>\y

ri-t/ '!»<(

A. J run IS&oty'' -II" fly" 'Hlf 'y^JjJj^i J'JI'jiO.if

—jlivJ1— «■ l/ V-\S ul-^OJCI^J -1'

IHy" 'Hlf ({!/'-o;i)y/sf >■>}&}»fa)-li

WJ niA,

i-A y fMAf f .' A in y' ci-y" ■'t'tifv-'fa'j*li>ttfjifl -t'

v^/?-

.IKSIIS AND MAKV IN THK yi'KAN -

ri9*(r ' O-c/ t riAiq /H<K /i9ar /'^r r 19. I jy^nf\&\^ o-j ''yw/ZtJ&ty ^jtcf ruir y^'oi^jhyf' "Uf j/yi/Mfjii, jli,0i,_

rl9/»K

MtJi* J^yi ■eZ^Jx^1

cu/^-/ir

/n^d J.>^^

(bt'ODlJ/jr MlaSl/frji' (jfljf

/IUI 0-s

fi&yj ijirf

JJ/jS'jt

c^'Ou-

(■J/Ws*

(iW'f'S'

Ujlti^\

run sfJ'^'fciiti n?-' A-^JU/ yL<^l/5,x rn«| ^^Li>uJ^bi z*'^/^- /i^rr cfjU/jjfiJUs (fwifaLosCiiZojy.

/H<9 (/jj&lUJfit- /IUI jyt'J'S £< OpctZ r,^f " " <Sy&\s^ * "

(iWaft'o^. cus^fiwtf o-s * v

-j^ D-(/ iSlZ-iS^'^^ (jryfrj'

J^UJJ^\ 'IM CtiS'c/Mtfl, rn^ './^UZS Jf-fl'd.1? nU' (f&itUtjyz iJii^L^^ji nur sjii(fiiJfjjjjU^A' 'w j^jyU J^'i/Lf rup'A J^s't} -^^'JiS/^

y^jj 'Jjs'zJfi crf^y'ifA? O'i/ (f?i/3kL^J-¥

nu-

wr* StfM

/HSf

nw\

nui ri«<;A

niir nw /|<)A.

/H A* /"Ifdq

'J/i'

(d'Wfj;

ifri'syLii

(^«

sejui

^l^KiJlJl /j^ifilijIJC;!

CO/ijZ^WUfjis

JUio; ivjpyljjjji^ &ii&0v*C'iu* A"ciT*i];'* Cti/ff

fcjtrji/iijul

■qUiJ&Jcfti1 S&I,6I

■PPcfW'tS"''

cH'^A

cr'»*Jnsj'j

/A- {•Z/'U&V

j\Zt/~ir^

c»-</ ^<K ci't/

(fj/u'i^njiji ((J*i>JfJOpJlj;i*A j/fi'Ciiyttff sttyoviJJc/j

jjUip&l rf/t*. fatvjiJJc?-1 iSJit'j[i

j/oi^jjj-^ jLsijAt'iy'Jib s/ll'u>l CjliSsJ* jJ^Csb^JH ySteljZsi&Jyf

v'wJ' /IIK rlAOi ^)li)jl "

Wit r^MA j/piutiftJfjr1*. Jr^js*s-tfi/C •> » ♦ ruHtf „ * * ui^-u » /n*)) j'/iw'JJc/j s,J'(iJ> /^V^J^V" nWo faivjtyjt' £/&(*/ '■ '* /HH1 * ♦ « ni^r' '■y'/jt? df?*)

/tW Sl&yjAt j&lyLf

>/ w* -jfiJ'jsCo/ «

/i^q '$■>&>> c/J'uJ^ /ih^M jjy^y^u i/)u>io^' /i^< ♦ - '' * ''

M't^y /HVa r&'jllf'iljjjjjl JISjcj^s /ilA(V yrs>ihs f6fij\&h>tfJ'flP f\fW rC^fi^^y

;)4A(V o-J c^jyv" y^f- ^6/i

i \u* yoyc/^Jv1

/i^o

it-

f/

/(IA. JrjjSj/io'lfilAvJi if/j&'lfSfMj

nin nu* iA^c/>y

y^f J/l}lU)lHyf^ /IU) Jl/it&t&lliih -^'£rtr^J> n*o\ Jj/' /ift j^'iy ;i9df r\uy J/ti/tfyHoWjej''! ri^Ai v * * SMljM1

rtiAf <- - » JAO^^-J . » »

/Its a j/J i/fi/uy,!! & (P/)~sy ov Ww&Jt U^(>t

/^ nlsf q/'v&C/J i(yy^}y,>j' WM J'jjph;/ P^j*yns>x /HAl V V <• m* r jjiftfWajJ&ijhi ^-/cPy^ JtpJi^x ri9a- tfj/1 ^pJjrPA* ^>^nj)X

rifled ^i/t&t&lllilj OpJlji/l'far jyiO&'Jxt 0.J Cu/it/JixSttfjx n^9 wyJ'd^/W /)9Sd &l)L> (/l/'lj^jfjlJjJ ri*qi tfi'i/'d' (JJSijS'jfof'jX r\^y n^d ^/uy^ fo'JV'tf/f' vW oO-iu>ic)hjV ri4C|V (JjIsJfJ&b&'l ri^t" jL^'i^Z/'Wl i/y&jh nu* 0'/Jjhfct'^33j] foib'\jj> ni^A ''/OiuiiJJiS^ -^l/^0-//' J'cC'&l 1\)*y

(J'lyjfU&hi?!

(frfr) t-sil Ml

1\WY £4

fyj'jp (fr) Jifl r\U£ Q/A J&l

frl m* o/J~ /W IW/Si [fr/) t^i rwi.fr OhUJS) frj\ •<C/i>v' rm 07. "oijO1

rmyj?: rwr&kb iwttfjkk rwi&Jrr 'LLJJ" /i1»A M nwrfrfr ou rwfw fr

rwr %,A

w/h* ;n<(V oi r\u<y y

7H*f rwfcyp

/ifr'f(J'yl/if

'HH/Sj riinl

n^K^y niyrjrji

niri&A/. wrofrf.

WYlaJ'^Y

OU

(/?J^l->Ok'l) jfa

MO' iW"

fd ^

cp^-fy

rtfr*! sy',i* /iir^ /'^y

^yy^y rHfy&f/S- n^w/yry nif*^1.1- myyjyj/y myy^^ i\^y^,y- iw* /?/ i\^y/>^ nu-JJj fa'y

nw&ifS rw^bA 4tf.

n^c/ >,io

rilodySy *AfO*S

niAi fyAS Wn/p-'/ir

•'Wvpi/H Wtofrjlyl- rllt'frjlylt nidtfriifsO mi*ijj))/ i

1\SbV'tf\/Y\

sifi'&A/.i* W1 wr&Afi Wlffr'/f

nlidljii/, r rWtjyA/

/Hii SHU (f,Y< nmox/r

*

<■ /(«•« &A;li * /m^/i /HK V//- "

/Hi*(Jj>);H * "

/HiAffS' " /Hil fail *

/iw&Asr " nuiqfy'yie nwu/,^ *

nucoii/fi * r\U'(/W * rlUA V/yf- " nuisP^y't * /lUr yfyt * WAfC/JsT, <■ "

/iiyi/f jy /HfA

nui y/jrfl''I^*JU'(/JI Lj^fUU^ »*l>)

ijjy? *

nw (f WHot fw//} *

ntr.frof wr.s/i nw &>} rm

nWfySj riWI&ji nw 'tfiif „ nw ^ Woo

wvdjj?:

r^ottfjk r WOi (jjtj „ ;i9(>V^ nil I fry

WII^aJI

r , I r i i ll^f

jw*!/ rwrfyj:

rilll nu-tfjy?

/iif* /?& /I9 fA O/yYt

jV

-"'V

oi^ 3JJ^l

ENGLISH BOOKS

Abid Hussain, S.

Afzal Iqbal

Allah Buksh Yusufi

Arberry, A.J. Bashir-ud-Din, Mirza Buckle, Henry Thomas

Burckhardt, Titus

Durant, Will FitzGerald, Edward Gibb, H.A.R. Greig, J.Y.T.

Guenon, Rene

The Destiny of Indian Muslims, Lahore, Qadiria Book Traders 1983. Life and Work of Rumi, Lahore, Institute of Islamic Culture, 1978 The Life and Times of Muhammad Ali, Lahore, Institute of Islamic Culture, 1974. Life of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar; Karachi, Muhammad Ali Educational Society, 1972. The Koran Interpreted (Vol. I) 1955. Ahmadiyyat or the True Islam, Qadian, 1924. History of Civilization in England; London, Longmans Green and Co. 1930. An Introduction to the Sufi Doctrine; Lahore, Suhail 'Academy 1983. The Story of Philosophy: New York, Pocket Books, 1953. Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam; London, George G. Harrap Ltd. 1930. Mohammadanism. The Psychology of Laughter & Comedy, London, George Allen and Unwin. 1923. Crisis of the Modern World: Lahore, Suhail Academy, 1983

Hitti, Philip.K. Hoffding, Harald Iqbal, Allama Muhammad

Khalifa, Muhammad

Klineberg, Otto Lecky, W.E.H.

Lings, Martin Maudsley, Dr. Mcdougall, William

Mill, John Stuart

Oliver, J. Thatcher Oliver Lodge Pickthall, M.M.

Islam and the West, Princeton, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1962. A History of Modern Philosophy (Vol.1) Dover Publications, 1955. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Lahore, Ashraf Press, 1968. The Sublime Quran and Orientalism, New York and London, Longmans, 1983. Social Psychology, New York, Henry Holt and Co. 1947. History of European Morals (Vol.1 and II) London, Longmans Green and Co. 1913. What is Sufism. Lahore, Suhail Academy, 1983. Pathology of Mind: London, Macmillan and Co. 1895. The Outline of Psychology, London, Methuen and Co. 1961. An Introduction to Social Psychology. London, Methuen and Co. 1963. Essays on Politics and Culture, New York, Doubleday and Co. 1962. A General History of Europe: London, John Murray, 1905. Pioneers of Science, New York, Macmillan and Co. 1904. Meaning of Glorious Quran, Lahore, Taj Company, 1930.

Stroll, Avrum and Popkin, Introduction to Philosophy: New Richard H. York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972.

Ray, P.K. Richard, Paul Sampson, George

Introductory Readings in Philosophy: New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972. A Text Book of Deductive Logic: London, Macmillan and Co. 1912. To the Nations: Madras, Madras Ganesh and Co. 1919. Concise Cambridge History of English Literature, Cambridge, 1965.

Sharif, M.M. Muslim Thought, Its Origin and Achievements; Lahore, Institute of Islamic Culture, 1980. Sherwani,Latif Ahmed (ed.)Speeches, Writings and Statements of Iqbal: Lahore. Iqbal Academy, 1972. Stace, W.T. A Critical History of Greek Philosophy: Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 1982. Tipton, I,G.

Trilling, Lionel.ed. Vahid, S.A. (ed.)

Wallace, William

Berkley--the Philosophy of Immate- rialism: London, Methuen and Co. 1974. Literary Criticism: New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal: Lahore, Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1964. Epicureanism: London, Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 1902.

Watson, George The Literary Critics: London, Penguin Books, 1964.

it*

Zatar Ali Qureshi Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics: Lahore, 1985. Gandhiji (His Life and Work): Bombay, Karnatak Publishing House, 1944.

PERIODICALS

12th March 1944. 4th Nov. 1983. Oct. 1912. Oct. 1913. 14lh April 1944. Oct. 1954, Oct. 1956. 1st June 1943. Sep. 1919. Oct. 1920. May 1922. Oct. 1928. 20th June 1943. 14th June 1943. 13lh Aug. 1943.

Bombay Chronicle Dawn East and West

The Hindustan The Islamic Quarterly Leader Modern Review

Morning News Onward Times of India

>(?_ _^£ J1 iSfjr n

irr ir rrr

JjJ-y (/» rn ^lA- tS^.^ <5

J\> r r'r4 p\) i r4i

fY 4 4.A <? 4rr 1 4 A 1

-S 'i JtU 1. 4a<) ^if J-rTl) rr 4ir

t A«jf 14 f-r ^ai^i r iri

ji^> (A iri j\} iir

^/»*.[ u •04 Ort* jPP 4 *'i 4 4 4 ^0

""