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Five definitions
1. Deviation from a statistical norm.
2. Deviation from social norms.
3. Maladaptive behavior.
DSM-IV-TR
17 very detailed categories of specific psychological disorders.
Older method- two categories
NeurosisCharacterized by anxiety, unhappiness and maladaptive behavior.
PsychosisSerious psychological dysfunction characterized by a lack of contact with reality.
Compare and contrast:
Neurosis vs. Psychosis
1. Hospitalization.
2. Contact with reality.
3. Danger to self and others.
4. Treatment
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized AnxietyDisorder characterized by excessive, global and persistent anxiety and tension.Also known as free-floating anxiety.
Panic attacksSudden episodes of acute and overwhelming apprehension and terror.
Phobias Unrealistic fear of almost anything
Social phobia
fear of being embarrassed, judged, or criticized by others.
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety developed in response to extreme psychological orphysical trauma.
Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderFeel compelled to think about things they would rather notthink about or perform acts they do not wish to carry out.
Obsessions- unwelcome thoughts or images
DepressionTwo ways to define:
1. Abnormal when out of proportion to the event.
2. Symptom checklist.Examples
Bipolar disorder (manic depression)
Alternating euphoria and depression
Norepinephrine
Lithium
Examples of Manic Behavior
Personality Disorders
A whole group of disorders characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are stable over time.
Paranoid Personality Disorderpervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others.mostly men
pathological jealousy
Antisocial Personality(sociopath or psychopath)
A pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others.
Six characteristics:1. No guilt or remorse.
2. Longstanding patterns or maladaptive behavior.
3. No conscience 4. No feelings for others.
5. Highly manipulative.
6. Mostly men.
Treatment- not good outcomes
Cause- genetic or environmental?
Borderline Personality DisorderMost common of all personality disorders.
10 million people with B.P.D of which 75% are women.
Chronic instability in emotions, self-image and relationships.
Dissociative DisordersDisruption in awareness, memory, or identity.
Dissociative ExperiencePerson’s awareness, memory, or personal identity become divided.
Dissociative Identity DisorderKnown as D I D and confused with schizophrenia
Must have two or more distinct personalities.Range: 2 to 100
10 to 15 most common