8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

1/35

BLOOD

INCOMPATIBILITY

GROUP 4

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

2/35

Red Blood Cell

The main function isto deliver oxygen tothe tissue and helpsin the disposal of carbon dioxide andprotons formed by

tissue metabolism.

Hemoglobin- about95% of itsintracellular protein

There are nointracellularorganelles such asmitochondria,lysosomes or Golgiapparatus.

It is non-nucleated

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

3/35

ATP used is synthesizedfrom Glycolysis and isimportant in processesthat help the red cellmaintain its biconcave

shape and also in theregulation of thetransport of ions.

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

4/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

5/35

THE COMPOSITION OF RBCMEMBRA NE

about 50% lipid and 50% proteinThe major phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, andphosphatidyl serine along with sphingomyelin.The Major Integral Proteins: A nion ExchangeProtein & the Glycophorins

Spectrin, A nkyrin, & Other PeripheralMembrane Proteins Help Determine theShape & Flexibility of the Red Blood Cell

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

6/35

THE COMPOSITION OF RBCMEMBRA NE

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

7/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

8/35

The anion exchange protein (band 3)

a transmembrane glycoprotein

multipass membrane protein

forms a tunnel, permitting the exchange of chloride for bicarbonate

The amino terminal end binds many proteins,

including hemoglobin, proteins 4.1 and 4.2,ankyrin, and several glycolytic enzymes.

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

9/35

Glycophorins A , B, and C

transmembrane glycoproteins but of thesingle-pass typeA

is the major glycophorinGlycophorin A contains binding sites forinfluenza virus and for Plasmodium falciparum

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

10/35

Spectrin

major protein of the cytoskeleton. It iscomposed of two polypeptides: spectrin 1 (chain) and spectrin 2 ( chain).

four binding sites can be defined in spectrin:(1) for self-association, (2) for ankyrin (bands2.1, etc), (3) for actin (band 5), and (4) forprotein 4.1.

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

11/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

12/35

A nkyrin

Pyramid-shaped protein that binds spectrin.

It binds tightly to band 3, securing attachment

of spectrin to the membrane.A nkyrin is sensitive to proteolysis

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

13/35

A ctin (band 5)

short, double-helical filaments of F-actin.

The tail end of spectrin dimers binds to actin.

A ctin also binds to protein 4.1.

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

14/35

Protein 4.1

a globular protein, binds tightly to the tail endof spectrin

also binds to the integral proteins,glycophorins A and C, thereby attaching theternary complex to the membrane

may interact with certain membranephospholipids, thus connecting the lipidbilayer to the cytoskeleton

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

15/35

THE COMPOSITION OF RBC MEMBRA NE

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

16/35

Biochemical basis of blood typing and of

blood type determination.

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

17/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

18/35

Antibody Immune Response

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

19/35

H Substance Is the Biosynthetic Precursor

of Both the A & B Substances

Formed by F ucosyltransferase - that catalyses theaddition of terminal fucose in alpha 1-> 2 linkage

onto the terminal Gal residue of its precursor

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

20/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

21/35

The A Gene Encodes a GalN A c Transferase

The B Gene a Gal Transferase

The O Gene an Inactive Product

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

22/35

Importance of the oligosaccharidesequence in the RBC membrane in blood

type determination

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

23/35

Roles of Genetics in determining the Bloodtype

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

24/35

Roles of Genetics in determining the Bloodtype

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

25/35

Predicting human blood types

What are the possible blood types of the offspring of across between individuals that are type A B and typeO?

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

26/35

Cases on Blood Incompatibility

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

27/35

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

28/35

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Rh INCOMPATIBILITY- a condition which

develops when a pregnant woman has an Rh-negative blood type and the fetus she carrieshas Rh-positive blood type.

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

29/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

30/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

31/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

32/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

33/35

Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

34/35

8/6/2019 ABO Blood Incompatibility

35/35

END OF RE PORT.