1

If the Union must be dissolved slavery is If the Union must be dissolved slavery is precisely the question upon which it ought to precisely the question upon which it ought to

breakbreakJohn Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams

2

Background of AbolitionistsBackground of Abolitionists

MishMosh of BeliefsMishMosh of Beliefs• ReformersReformers..

– Saw slavery as a blight Saw slavery as a blight on American society and on American society and a a roadblock to progressroadblock to progress..

– Mostly came from the Mostly came from the middle-classmiddle-class, who were , who were already reforming already reforming prisons, education, prisons, education, equality for women, equality for women, mental health, mental health, government, and government, and services for the poor. services for the poor.

Susan B. Anthonyhttp://ncwhs.oah.org/images/YoungSusanB.jpg

3

Background of AbolitionistsBackground of Abolitionists

MishMosh of BeliefsMishMosh of Beliefs• Political reasonsPolitical reasons..

– Democrats protested the Democrats protested the denial of denial of political and political and civil rights to blackscivil rights to blacks..

– By By 18051805, all of the , all of the Northern states had Northern states had either either outlawed slavery outlawed slavery or set out gradual or set out gradual emancipationemancipation..

– Northerners believed that Northerners believed that the slave South was the slave South was gaining power and trying gaining power and trying to push north of the to push north of the Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise line.line.

Map of US after MO Compromise

http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/images/enan_0001_0002_0_img0141.jpg

4

Background of AbolitionistsBackground of Abolitionists

Key TermsKey Terms

• EmancipationEmancipation..– Freeing of slaves. Freeing of slaves.

An Emancipated Slavehttp://eprentice.sdsu.edu/S03X2/pasenelli/Emancipation.jpg

• AbolitionAbolition..– The immediate The immediate

and total end of and total end of slavery. slavery.

5

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist Opinions

ColonizationColonization

• Benjamin LundyBenjamin Lundy..– Quaker publisher, tried Quaker publisher, tried

to persuade to persuade Southerners to Southerners to free free their slavestheir slaves..

– Once freed, he Once freed, he explored the possibility explored the possibility of colonization in of colonization in Canada or HaitiCanada or Haiti. .

Benjamin Lundyhttp://images.virtualology.com/ac/4/i/ency0027.jpg

6

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist Opinions

ColonizationColonization• 1817, American 1817, American

Colonization SocietyColonization Society..– Gradual emancipation of Gradual emancipation of

slavesslaves, with freed slaves , with freed slaves to be sent to colonies in to be sent to colonies in Africa.Africa.

– Founded the colony of Founded the colony of LiberiaLiberia..

– Would be a long and Would be a long and expensive process.expensive process.

– Slave owners would have Slave owners would have to voluntarily take a loss. to voluntarily take a loss. Liberia

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=62283&rendTypeId=4

7

Frederick Douglas

• runaway slave• self – educated• wrote and spoke the

evils of slavery

8

Quote

9

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Former Slaves: Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

• Background.Background.– Most well-known escaped Most well-known escaped

slave.slave.– Learned to Learned to read and write read and write

and mastered a tradeand mastered a trade while a while a slave.slave.

– Earned enough money from Earned enough money from lectures and writing to send lectures and writing to send to his former master and to his former master and legally purchase his legally purchase his freedomfreedom..

• Became part of the Became part of the Massachusetts Anti-Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.Slavery Society.– Would associate with Would associate with

leading abolitionists of the leading abolitionists of the time period.time period.

Frederick Douglasshttp://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/images/

4fred16b.jpg

10

Freedom Child

11

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Frederick DouglassFormer Slaves: Frederick Douglass

• Narrative of the Life of Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass..– Freedom required not Freedom required not

only emancipation, but only emancipation, but also full social and also full social and economic equalityeconomic equality..

Frederick Douglasshttp://www.ls.cc.al.us/blackhistory/douglass2.jpg

12

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsFormer Slaves: Frederick DouglassFormer Slaves: Frederick Douglass

• Changing opinions.Changing opinions.– Originally wanted Originally wanted

emancipation by violent emancipation by violent means.means.

– Late 1840s, decides to break Late 1840s, decides to break with the “with the “radical radical abolitionistsabolitionists.”.”

• Believed that the Believed that the Constitution Constitution needed to be upheld.needed to be upheld.

• If it was not, then If it was not, then emancipation meant nothing emancipation meant nothing because blacks would not be because blacks would not be treated as treated as equalsequals..

– Destroy slavery by working Destroy slavery by working within the systemwithin the system..

Frederick Douglasshttp://img.timeinc.net/time/2002/bhm/history/images/douglas.jpg

13

Quote

14

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• Assistant of Benjamin Assistant of Benjamin Lundy, would become Lundy, would become a leading abolitionist.a leading abolitionist.– Became leader of the Became leader of the

radical viewradical view..– Wanted the Wanted the immediate immediate

emancipation of emancipation of slavesslaves..

– Did not care about the Did not care about the political, social, and political, social, and economic economic consequencesconsequences. .

William Lloyd Garrisonhttp://images.acswebnetworks.com/1/934/garrison_portrait.jpg

15

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• Refused to engage in Refused to engage in political activitypolitical activity to end to end slavery.slavery.– CompromisesCompromises have failed have failed

in the past.in the past.– Laws made to protect Laws made to protect

slavery were illegal under slavery were illegal under God’s law.God’s law.

• Prepared to destroy the Prepared to destroy the Union to gain their Union to gain their endsends..

William Lloyd Garrisonhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/

William_garrison.jpg/250px-William_garrison.jpg

16

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• Garrison was so Garrison was so radical that he radical that he burned the burned the ConstitutionConstitution..– Called it an Called it an

““agreement with agreement with HellHell.” .”

William Lloyd Garrisonhttp://www.arfalpha.com/PushToTheFront/Volume1_HTM/

41e4c670.jpg

17

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• The LiberatorThe Liberator..– Key abolitionist Key abolitionist

newspaper.newspaper.– Extremely Extremely

controversial in both controversial in both the North and the the North and the South.South.

– Would be banned in Would be banned in the South.the South.

– Set out the reasons Set out the reasons for abolition in a for abolition in a graphic manner.graphic manner.

William Lloyd Garrisonhttp://www.olemiss.edu/courses/his105/images/liberator.jpg

18

Abolitionist OpinionsAbolitionist OpinionsWilliam Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

• Importance of Garrison.Importance of Garrison.– Did not have many followers, but opened up Did not have many followers, but opened up

new views on abolitionnew views on abolition..– Abolition was Abolition was not not a a reform movementreform movement, but a , but a

revolutionrevolution..– Achieving Achieving racial equalityracial equality, not just ending , not just ending

slavery, will lead to the true goal: slavery, will lead to the true goal: full justice full justice for blacksfor blacks..

• Saw blacks as Saw blacks as true equalstrue equals..• Supported the efforts of Supported the efforts of female female

abolitionists and the women’s rights abolitionists and the women’s rights movementmovement. .

19

Harper’s Ferry (1859)

• led by John Brown• wanted to free slaves• stormed the arsenal • convicted of treason

and murder• Bought attention to

slavery again

20

21

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used

as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

22

Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance2. Refusal to work hard.

3. Isolated acts of sabotage.

4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

23

Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads

24

Slave Rebellions Throughout Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americasthe Americas

Slave Rebellions Throughout Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americasthe Americas

25

Slave Rebellions Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South

Slave Rebellions Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South

1822

Gabriel Prosser

1800

26

Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:

Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831

Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:

Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831

27

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda

28

Follow the Drinking Gourd

29

A. Underground Railroad

1. not underground

2. not a railroad

30

3. What was it?

a) a system of loosely organized group of people working against slavery and for freedom

b) Approximately 100,000 slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad

c) operated from early 1800s through the Civil War

31

4. Special Termsa) conductors – people who helped guide

escaping slaves to freedom i. most famous: Harriet Tubman

b) stations – safe house (hiding places)c) Heaven, Promise Land, Canaan=

Canadad) Passengers, Cargo – fugitive slavese) station masters – person in charge of the

hiding placesf) Big Dipper / North Star were used

32

5. Maps were not used . . .

– routes were passed on through songs and quilts

– Follow the Drink Gourd

33

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

Quilt Patterns as Secret Quilt Patterns as Secret MessagesMessages

The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

34