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About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads...

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About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users
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Page 1: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AboutBitsandBytes

andFileTransfer

foriPadUsers

Page 2: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

PCs,iPadsandiPhoneshave:• memorychipstostore

data;• processingchipsthat

manipulatedata—i.e.allowittobeedited,movedandcopied,displayedandplayed.

Page 3: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Anunderstandingthebinarynatureofthedatafilesthatstore

digitalaudio,booksandphotosandtheamountofmemoryspace

thatsuchfilesoccupypreparesusformanagingthecontentofouriPads.

Page 4: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

HereisasimplifieddiagramofaniPad’s

memoryandprocessingcircuitry.

Steppingthroughafewprocessorcycleswillhelpusunderstand

whatdataisandhowitisstoredandprocessed.

Page 5: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

ThereisaMasterClock.Eachtimeitticks,aprocessoccurs.

Page 6: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AvaluefrommemoryhasbeenputinInputRegisterA.

Page 7: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AsecondvaluehasbeenputinInputRegisterB.

Page 8: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

TheadditionoperationhasbeenputintheInstructionRegister.

Page 9: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

TheinstructionhasbeenprocessedandtheresultputintheResultRegister.

Theresultmaynowbeputinmemory,oroutputtotheScreenortotheWiFi,etc…

Page 10: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Shownabovearesomeofthewaysdata

isgotintoandoutofaniPad.

OutputsInputs

Page 11: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Digitial devicesstoredataasbinarydigits— ones andzerosVoltagelevels:ON andOFF,representthedigits.

Page 12: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Agroupof8bitsiscalledaByte—enoughbitstoencodeasingleletterorsymbol.Thebinarycodesfortheletters“O”and“K”

in8-bitASCIIcharactercodeareshownabove.

Page 13: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

HerearetheASCIIcodesfor:• TheDigits• TheUpperCaseLetters• TheLowerCaseLetters• SomePunctuationCharacters

8-bitASCIIcanrepresentonly256differentcharactersymbols.Newercodingsystemsarenowusedtorepresentthefullrangeofcharactersrequiredtorepresenttheworld’slanguages.

Page 14: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AKilobyte1KB

AThousandBytes

Enoughspacetostoreabouthalfapageofsingle-typed

Text.

Page 15: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AMegabyte1MB

AMillionBytes

Enoughspacetostorethetext

ofanovel.

Page 16: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AMegabyte1MB

AMillionBytes

Enoughspacetostore

around3minutesofAudio

Page 17: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

HalfasecondofDigitalAudio—Twotracksofastereorecording.

WhenCDqualityaudioisrecorded,amplitudevaluesaresampled44,100timespersecond.

Page 18: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AMegabyte1MB

AMillionBytes

enoughspacetostore

a mediumresolutionphoto

Ifwezoominonthetoweronthepeak

Page 19: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Theimagepixelsbecomevisible.

Eachpixelintheimageisrecordedbythreenumbers:thered,greenandbluebrightnessvalues.

Page 20: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AGigagabyte

1GBAThousandMBABillionBytes

Enoughspacetostorethetextofaround1000books

Page 21: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AGigagabyte

1GBAThousandMBABillionBytes

Enoughspacetostore

10to40AudioCDs1

1 Theamountofspacerequireddependsupontheselectedbit-rate.Higherqualitysounduseshigherbit-ratesandoccupiesalargeramountofspace.

Page 22: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

AGigagabyte

1GBAThousandMBABillionBytes

Enoughspacetostore

hundredsofhighresolutionphotos

Page 23: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

iPadstoragecapacitiesrangefrom

16GBto 256GB

Page 24: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

USBMemorystickstoragecapacities

rangefrom8GBto 256GB

Whenpurchasing,lookoutforU3B3.0devices.

U3B3.0 transferspeedsare10timesfaster.Thatbecomesimportantwhenyoustarttomove

Gigabytesofdata.

Page 25: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Portableharddiskstoragecapacities

rangefrom500GBto4TB

ATerabyteis1000GigabytesEnoughspacetoholdanenormouscollectionofmusic,books,andphotos.

Again,whenpurchasing,lookoutforUSB3.0devices.

Page 26: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Transistorcountswillcontinuetodoubleattwo-yearintervals

forthenexttwentytofortyyears...

?…andperhapsfor

thenext600years.

ThefirstiPadwasreleasedin2010.

Thefirstmodelsarenowobsolete,

fortheirchipsetslacktheinput/outputfeatures,the

RAMandtheprocessorspeedrequiredtohandlethelatest

operatingsystems.

GraphofCPUTransistorCountAgainstTime

Page 27: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

TheiPadPro,releasedinNov2015,hasupto256GBofstoragememory,a2.24GHz64-bitDualCoreA9Xprocessorand4GBofRAM.

Page 28: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Digitaltechnologydevelopmentbeganinourlife-timesandisproceedingfarmorerapidly.

Ittookrailwaytechnologyover200yearstodevelopbullettrains.

Page 29: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

Newerdigitaldevicesaremuchmorecapablethanolderdevices.InthecaseofiPads,forexample:• ThemorememoryaniPadhas,themoreaudiotracks,booksand

photositcanstore.MemorycapacityisspecifiedinMegabytes,GigabytesandTerabytes(Millions,BillionsandTrillionsofBytes).

• ThefasteraniPad’sclockcantickandthemoreprocessorcoresithas,themoreresponsiveitbecomes—thequickeritcanrespondtoscreengestures,startapplications,displaydata andmovedatatoandfrommemoryandtoandfromtheinput/output(I/O)ports,etc…Clockspeeds arespecifiedinMegaHertz andGigaHertz (MillionsandBillionsofcyclespersecond).

Page 30: About Bits and Bytes and Bits and...About Bits and Bytes and File Transfer for iPad Users PCs, iPads and iPhones have: • memory chips to store data; • processing chips that manipulate

That’senoughaboutthebinarynatureof

digitalaudio,booksandphotos,thememoryspacetheyoccupy

andprocessorspeeds.

ItstimetomovesomedataintoaniPad.

Let’sstartwithMusic.


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