About Brain Haemorrhage

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Introduction A brain haemorrhage has many names like cerebral

haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage, intracranial or cerebral hematoma and subarachnoid haemorrhage.

It is caused due to bursting of an artery in the brain resulting in heavy bleeding.

The type of brain haemorrhage is determined from the region where it occurs.

How does a Brain Haemorrhage occur

When bleeding takes place inside the skull it is called intracranial haemorrhage.

If the bleeding takes place inside the brain it is intracerebral haemorrhage.

If the bleeding is between the brain and membranes covering it then it is referred as subarachnoid haemorrhage.

If bleeding occurs between the brain covering and skull then it is subdural or epidural hematoma.

If bleeding is between the layers of the brain coverings which are very sensitive then person may experience sudden and severe headache.

Causes of brain haemorrhage Chronic high blood pressure if not treated can cause weakening

of the blood vessel walls. Aneurysm which is weakening of the blood vessel wall. Due to

swelling it can burst causing bleeding. Drug misuse especially cocaine Head injury causes bleeding in the brain especially in people

less than 50 years. Abnormalities in blood vessels present from the time of birth. Amyloid angiopathy which occurs with ageing. Many small

bleeds are caused initially which are unnoticed. Low blood platelets caused by Haemophilia and sickle cell

anaemia.

Symptoms of Brain Haemorrhage Severe headache which is sudden Fatigue and numbness or tingling Loss of coordination Giddiness Unclear vision Pain near the eye region (above and behind) Hallucination Paralysis, particularly in face, arm, leg , more often on one

side of the body

Diagnosis of Brain Haemorrhage Computed tomography (CT) scan, in which images of brain

are created. It helps in easy by detection of skull fractures or bleeding.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps doctors to have a close and clear view of your brain for identifying the cause of bleeding.

This type of imaging test may help your doctor to see the brain more clearly and identify the bleeding source.

Treatment for Brain Haemorrhage

Patients need to be monitored very closely if bleeding is inside the brain.

Initial step of treatment involves stabilizing the blood pressure and ensuring normal breathing.

Ventilator can be made available to ensure enough oxygen supply to the brain and other vital organs of the body.

Intravenous access is required so that patient can get fluids and medicines especially in unconscious state.

Special monitoring systems are needed for keeping track of the heart beats, blood oxygen levels and intracranial pressure.

Once the patient is stabilized, then doctors take decision to operate the patient based on various factors.

Brain haemorrhage Complications Death can also occur despite of medication in some cases. Loss of movement Inability in communicating Bleeding may occur in the digestive system paralysis depression

Relation between Blood pressure, Paralysis and Brain haemorrhage

Long term high blood pressure problem if not treated on time can lead to hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage.

Blood pressure when remains high for a very long period, it leads to weakening of the walls of blood vessels.

Continuous high pressure on these walls cause damage to them

and leads to blockage of the blood vessels or sometimes leakage of blood in the brain.

Blood causes irritation in the brain tissues leading to swelling also known as cerebral edema.

The collected blood forms a mass called A hematoma or hematoma.

Swelling and hematoma inside the brain imparts pressure on the brain gradually destroying it.

Paralysis is one of the symptoms of brain haemorrhage. The face, hand or leg of the patient is paralysed many times just

one side of the body before a stroke.

How to Overcome Brain Haemorrhage related Problems

If you have any victim of brain haemorrhage make him/her lie down flat with the head and shoulder slightly raised.

This is done to reduce the blood pressure in the brain. If the person becomes unconscious then roll him/her so that he/she

can lie on the left side and try to pull the chin in forward direction. It opens the air passage and allows the vomit to come out. If the person is conscious speak positively with him/her and

provide mental support as much as you can.

Rehabilitation Therapy

Rehabilitation therapy is needed for brain haemorrhage patients after surgery or any treatment to help them lead a normal by relearning the everyday tasks.

It also aims to help the survivor to adapt to problems arising after the attack, prevent any other complications and instruct the guardians on how to support the survivor.

In many hospitals a rehabilitation team is present with different skills to help the patients.

These can be physicians, pharmacists, nurses, psychologists, physiotherapists along with speech and language therapists.

Social workers also participate to treat patients from post treatment depressions.

Prevention of Brain Haemorrhages Controlling blood pressure or hypertension. It has been found in a study that around 80% patients have high

blood pressure history. Have a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Meditate daily to keep your mind peaceful. Stress can cause overexertion of brain. Stop Smoking Avoid drugs such as cocaine which can increase the risk of brain

disorder. To avoid head injury drive carefully with your seat belt on.

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