Abruzzo in Autumn - naturetrek.co.uk After lunch, we drove into town to meet with Paolo, our Ecotur...

Abruzzo in Autumn Naturetrek Tour Report 30 August - 6 September 2018

Abruzzo Chamois Cyclamen hederifolium

Rosalia alpina beetle Scarce Copper

Report compiled by Jessica Turner Images courtesy of Ian Talboys

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Tour Report Abruzzo in Autumn

© Naturetrek September 16 1

Tour Participants: Jessica Turner and Matt Collis (Leaders) with 13 Naturetrek Clients

Summary

This year we enjoyed some wonderful wildlife encounters in the beautiful area which is the Abruzzo National Park. We had prolonged views of a Marsican Brown Bear pulling berries off Rhamnus bushes (and later found evidence of this in the form of a seed-filled scat in the path). The Abruzzo Chamois were confiding in their mountain home, with excellent views of adults and youngsters – well worth the steep climb! A good range of late-summer butterflies were enjoying the autumn sun, nectaring particularly on Blue Eryngo, while three species of Colchicum, Cyclamen and bright-yellow Sternbergia were other flowering delights. We also found the magnificent pale-blue-and-black Alpine Longhorn Beetle Rosalia on a dead Beech tree. With the Roman remains at Alba Fucens (with four Griffon Vultures), the imposing beauty of the Sagittario Gorge, good company and a delightful hotel, we all had a most enjoyable week.

Day 1 Thursday 30th August

London Heathrow to Rome to Pescasseroli

Eight group members met Jessica at London Heathrow, Terminal 5, for our 10.45am flight to Rome, where we met with Matt and the other group members, who had travelled on different flights, from Gatwick, Birmingham and Manchester. Having sorted out the minibuses, we successfully negotiated the Rome ringroad, noting the flowering Oleanders (Nerium oleander) along the central reservation, and Hooded Crows, Starlings, Swallows and a Kestrel overhead; we also recorded Common Buzzard and House Martin as we drove eastwards towards the Apennine mountains. The road passed through several tunnels and over deep valleys, bordered by a number of hilltop villages, and the countryside became more wooded. We stopped for a break and a leg-stretch opposite Monte Velino, where parties of hirundines and Goldfinch were seen. We were soon passing the great plain by Avezzano, the site of Lake Fucino, once the third largest lake in Italy and now a fertile agricultural area. Skirting the plain, we started the climb into the Abruzzo National Park, noting the thickly-wooded hill-slopes, so characteristic of the area. We could see black clouds where we were heading, and passed through some heavy, thundery rain, initially also in sun, with rainbows against the hills. We stopped briefly at the church at Gioia Vecchio, but the heavy rain caught up with us, so we moved on.

Once we were in the park, it was a steady descent towards Pescasseroli. We stopped to watch a large ‘sounder’ of 40+ Wild Boar, 7-8 older females, and a large number of youngsters who looked as though they had only recently lost the stripey coats of very young piglets. They were foraging in a field by the road, but soon disappeared into the trees. We drove through the village, and soon reached the Albergo Paradiso, our base for the week. We received a warm welcome, and were soon settled into our rooms, before an excellent dinner. Jessica outlined some of the plans for the week, and we retired for the night.

Abruzzo in Autumn Tour Report

2 © Naturetrek September 16

Day 2 Friday 31st August

Round hotel; La Difesa; La Cicerana

This morning, before breakfast, we explored the area around the hotel, so we could get our bearings. Though it was fine, it was very misty. We saw a couple of Firecrests in the Spruces near the entrance but could only get silhouetted glimpses. Nuthatch was calling, Hooded Crows were common and a party of four Crossbill flew over. As we walked down the road, looking at the conifers and other trees, we saw Chiffchaff, Coal Tit and had good views of Eurasian Treecreeper. On the fences and buildings in the small plots of land were several Black Redstarts, including a number of juveniles, a pair of Serin and we had some great views of Common Redstart. House Martins were flying around, and three Crag Martins were also seen. We slowly returned to enjoy our breakfast.

Afterwards, we took the vehicles the short distance to the start of our walk through La Difesa and the Vallone Pesco di Lordo. Here, there are ancient Beech trees (Fagus sylvatica), making it a potentially good habitat for Woodpeckers, although none were seen today. A Red-backed Shrike was seen on the top of a small tree, later joined by a youngster, begging for food. We could see the almost scaly appearance of the back of the juvenile. Another juvenile also appeared, and Raven flew over. Small Heath and Meadow Brown butterflies were noted. We moved on, recording the small pink flowers of the Tunic Flower Petrorhagia saxifraga, the beautiful Blue Eryngo (Eryngium amethystinum) and Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cypressias). Under the Beech trees was a fine stand of Herb-Paris (Paris quadrifolia), each spike with its single black berry; this is an ancient woodland indicator species. We also noted the leaves of Stinking Hellebore (Helleborus foetidus). A wide variety of mosses, lichens and ferns, including Maidenhair Spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes), Common Polypody (Polypodium vulgare) and the lichen Lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria), plus Round-leaved Saxifrage (Saxifraga rotundifolia), were growing on the enormous boulders and exposed tree roots and trunks, and the sun filtering through the leaves was beautiful. A series of drinking troughs by a spring was a reminder of the days of ‘transumanza’, when the enormous numbers of sheep that used to graze the mountains of Abruzzo were driven south, down to Puglia, for the winter months. Common Buzzard flew over and Nuthatch was seen.

We walked in to the more open Vallone Pesco di Lordo, appreciating the views of the mountains beyond. Butterflies were enjoying the sun in the open areas, including Silver-washed, Pearl-bordered and Queen of Spain Fritillaries, Scarce Copper, Chalk-hill and Common Blues, Brown Argus and Clouded Yellow, and a beautiful Jersey Tiger moth showed well. We spent some time looking at the many ‘Flash-colour’ grasshoppers that show red or blue as they jump, but are amazingly camouflaged at rest. We also saw a nymph of the blue flash-colour species, Oedipoda caerulescens, which was thought at first to be a Groundhopper. A few plants in flower included Common Rock-rose (Helianthemum nummularium), Red Hemp-nettle (Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolium), Purple Toadflax (Linaria purpurea) and Wild Thyme (Thymus oenipotanus). As the morning was nearly over, we slowly retraced our steps back to the minibuses, as we were having a cooked lunch in the hotel today.

After lunch, we drove into town to meet with Paolo, our Ecotur guide. He was going to take us to a remote rifugio, from where we would walk to a viewpoint from which we could see bushes of Alpine Buckthorn (Rhamnus alpinus) on the mountainsides. The Rhamnus berries are favourites with Marsican Brown Bears, so this would be our best opportunity for seeing this endangered but iconic species. We drove to the Passo del Diavolo,


The Apennines: Italy's Abruzzo National Park Tour Report

where we took a track to the barrier marking the entry to the restricted area. We parked here and prepared to walk, while Paolo explained a little about the area and its importance for Bears. The grassy slopes were dotted with mauve Autumn Crocuses, both Colchicum lusitanum and C. neapolitanum, which has slightly narrower tepals and yellower stamens. Butterflies included Great Banded Grayling, Tree Grayling, Scarce Swallowtail, Common Blue and Silver-spotted Skipper, and we also recorded more Jersey Tiger moths, the red-and-black Ground Bug Lygaeus saxatilis. When we reached the isolated rifugio at La Cicerana, we were delighted to be welcomed with a cup of tea! Common Kestrel, White Wagtails and a Northern Wheatear were seen, and Paolo showed us a (dead) specimen of the beautiful Long-horned Beetle Rosalia alpina, which had been found a few days previously – unusually late for this species. There were also the remains of a Red Deer stag which he told us had been killed by Wolves just below the rifugio the previous week; in two days they cleared the carcass, leaving only the skull and antlers, and a length of skin which would have covered the spine.

Rested and refreshed, we walked on the short distance to our viewing area. As we walked, a group of seven Hoopoes were feeding nearby. We settled ourselves where we could look across to the hillside dotted with Alpine Buckthorn bushes. We could see a few Red Deer, a couple of stags and a small group of hinds, and could hear occasional roaring, marking the beginning of the rut. Light was fading when a large Marsican Brown Bear appeared from the forest and started to walk up the track to the Rhamnus bushes, which it proceded to eat – we could see it pulling the berries off. It was either a female or a young male, and it gradually moved round one bush out of sight but reappeared the other side and eventually moved on to another one. When it vanished behind that one, and with the light fading fast, we decided it was time to leave. Although it was distant, we all had had excellent, extended views and felt privileged to have had this significant sighting of the animal behaving perfectly naturally.

We walked back to the rifugio, where Cesido had prepared a delicious supper of soup, local wine, polenta, fresh ricotta and salad. Eventually, we prepared ourselves for the walk back by starlight and torchlight, with Bruce returning by jeep. As we walked, the rest of us heard Tawny Owl and more stags and stopped to look at the stars and enjoy the silence. We drove back to the hotel, after a fascinating evening.

Day 3 Saturday 1st September

Gioia Vecchio; Alba Fucens, Gioia Vecchio

We were woken this morning by a thunderstorm and heavy rain, so we didn’t venture out early. However, the rain had stopped by about 7.30am, so Ros took a walk, reporting the scent of Red Fox. The rest of us met up at breakfast. With the forecast for further showers in the area, we decided to head down out of the park, back towards Avezzano, to visit the Roman site of Alba Fucens. After breakfast, with shopping done, we set off up towards Gioia Vecchio. We stopped to scan here, as we could hardly see the valley for rain when we stopped en route from the airport. Visibility was much better today, and we saw a couple of Spotted Flycatchers in the scrubby bushes below; otherwise all was quiet, so we carried on down to the plain. Having passed through Gioia dei Marsi, we turned on to the Circumfucense road that goes round the flat area that was Lake Fucino. In San Pelino we turned north, into the Sirente-Veline Regional Park; it was then not far to Albe, the site of the Roman town of Alba Fucens. We parked in the square, and most of us had coffee in the village bar.



We then had time to explore the area, with some going first to the remains of streets, houses, shops and other buildings, with some fine stonework, others climbing the hill to the little church and visiting the amphitheatre. Alba Fucens was a town of the Aequi tribe, on the border with the Marsi, and was colonised by Rome in 304BC. It was a strategically important and relatively prosperous place that was destroyed in the 10th Century. Round the well-preserved ruins the vegetation was quite lush with plenty of flowers such as Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris), Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), Lucerne (Medicago sativa) and Small Meliliot (Melilotus indicus), while on the drier slopes were the cream-coloured Scabious-like Cephalaria leucantha, Small Scabious (Scabiosa columbaria), Blue Eryngo but also the green Field Eryngo (Eryngium campestre), Pale Bugloss (Echium italicum) and the sculptural ‘umbellifer’, Honewort (Trinia glauca). Several Swallowtails were noted nectaring, especially on the Scabious, and other butterflies included Wall Brown, Gatekeeper, Spotted Fritillary, Clouded Yellow and Berger’s Clouded Yellow and many Tree Graylings, well camouflaged at rest on rocks.

We returned to the minibuses for our delicious picnic of local produce, enjoyed perched on a (non-Roman) wall. However, we could see a shower approaching from the east, and were forced to beat a hasty retreat, although it didn’t last long. The weather brightened again, so most of the group took the path up the hill, focussing more on the natural history. In the dry grass we found several Praying Mantises, two green and one brown in colour. We added the fragrant-leaved Winter Savory (Satureja montana), spicy-smelling Curry Plant (Helichrysum italicum) and Pink Bindweed (Convolvulus cantabrica) to the plant list. Birdlife was quiet, but those by the buildings reported families of Black Redstart and some Common Redstart. However, the main avian excitement came as we were about to leave, with four Griffon Vultures seen thermalling from low in the valley until they were almost too high to see. The species has been re-introduced to the Sirente-Velino park, to the north of the Abruzzo National Park.

Delighted with this sighting, we left the area to retrace our route back, the first minibus seeing a Skylark in the road. We stopped again at Gioia Vecchio and were pleased to see a small group of five Wild Boar, getting some good views. Returning to the hotel, we met later to update our checklists, before another delicious meal.

Day 4 Sunday 2nd September

Gioia Vecchio; Val Fondillo; Opi; Bisegna viewpoint

Some of the group were out at 6.15am, to drive to Gioia Vecchio. They reported a large Wild Boar en route, and seven Roe Deer seen from the church.

After another good breakfast, we set off to drive down the Sangro valley, past the little hill-top village of Opi, to the Val Fondillo. We were later leaving due to the complications of a major cycle race starting in Opi, which meant several roads were closed, but we managed to be about 10 minutes in front of the cyclists. We parked at the entrance to the valley and set off up the track. We noted Spindle (Euonymus europaeus), St Lucie’s Cherry (Prunus mahaleb), the Acanthus-leaved Carline Thistle (Carlina acanthifolia) with its large, stemless flower, and the ‘stemmed’ Stemless Carline Thistle (Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex) with slightly smaller flowers. A short shower had us sheltering for a while, but the sun soon reappeared. Several Red-backed Shrikes, both juveniles and adults gave good views as we walked over to the valley edge. Here, by a well-used animal track, we found a Wolf scat,



full of hair and bone. Large numbers of Swallows were everywhere, Common Buzzard was overhead and two very distant, large raptors over Monte Marsicano were Golden Eagles. Butterflies included Adonis Blue, Baton Blue, ordinary and Berger’s Clouded Yellow, and we found a magnificent Wasp Spider which we watched wrapping its prey. A good number of Field Crickets were walking around. and some were seen in their burrows.

We dropped back down to the stream, finding the parasitic plant Common Dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) on Thyme on the slope, Grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassus palustris) flowering on the bank, and Brown Trout and Caddis Fly larvae and their cases, made mainly of fine gravel, in the clear water. A boulder forming a cave had a little rock garden growing on it, including the lime-encrusted basal rosettes of the endemic Saxifraga porophylla, while a Common Wall Lizard peeped out from a crevice inside. We walked back along the stream and marshy areas, with some getting some lovely views of a confiding Marsh Tit. A patch of Water Mint had a great range of butterflies including both ‘ordinary’ and Southern Commas, Southern White Admiral, male and female Silver-washed Fritillaries, allowing us to appreciate their different markings, and more Adonis Blues, while another patch held a Red Admiral and a Holly Blue. A flat grassy area held a display of Autumn Crocuses (Colchicum lusitanum), some of the which had been dug up by Wild Boar for their corms.

We had our picnic back at the picnic site, enjoying delicious local cheeses, meats and wine, some enormous local plums, and Pan Ducale, a local cake to celebrate Susan’s birthday. Afterwards, we visited the little Visitor Centre or relaxed a while in the sun. We then decided to visit the little hill-top village of Opi, turning the minibuses and parking on the steep main street. From here we had excellent views both up and down the Sangro valley and of the surrounding mountains and learnt a little of the wartime history of this community. On a facing hillside is a sanctuary area for Abruzzo Chamois, and we had good views of three adults and two youngsters on the rocky outcrops. A Eurasian Sparrowhark was seen too. We then headed back to the hotel, meeting later on the sun terrace to update our lists, seeing Firecrest and several Crossbills in the Spruces around as we did so. Then we took an evening drive up the valley, stopping at the Bisegna road junction and at the Bisegna viewpoint, but all was very quiet and there was a cold wind. We saw a Red Deer stag with a group of hinds and a fawn on the hillside and, as we returned, those in the leading bus had good views of an Apennine Hare. Also called Corsican Hare, although it was introduced to that island, it is slightly smaller than Brown Hare and favours light woodland. We returned to the hotel, having just missed a tremendous thunderstorm, evidenced by a lot of water on the road, and enjoyed another excellent meal before retiring to bed.

Day 5 Monday 3rd September

Gioia Vecchio; Villetta Barrea; Passo Godi; Lago di Scanno; Gole di Sagittario.

The morning dawned fine, and some of the group were out at 6.15, reporting some close views of a sizeable group of Red Deer by the road, but that otherwise all was quiet. After breakfast, with the picnic on board, we set off down the Sangro Valley to the village of Villetta Barrea, where the Sangro flows in to the Lago di Barrea. Here we turned north, climbing up above the valley towards the Passo Godi. We stopped to admire the views back over the lake, and to scan the hillsides above. A distant group of at least 15 Red Deer hinds looked beautiful in the morning sun, against the blue sky on the mountain above. We also noted Pale Flax (Linum bienne) and Spotted Fritillary. We then drove higher, stopping just beyond the small ski resort of Passo Godi at 1630



metres, on the watershed. Common Buzzard and Common Kestrel were seen in flight, plus Red-backed Shrike, Mistle Thrush and some incredibly distant Rock Thrushes flitting round rocks, silhouetted against the sky. An Allium which had a few flowers on, was found to be the endemic Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum. We then dropped down to the historic town of Scanno, which dates back to the 11th Century, with its maze of narrow streets and alleyways on the steep valley slopes. After coffee and time to explore this fascinating town, we continued down to the Lago di Scanno for our picnic. Great Crested Grebe was noted, along with some feral geese.

Moving on, we soon entered the stunning Gole di Sagittario, or Sagittario Gorge, where the road runs between steep limestone cliffs. We stopped by the man-made Lago di San Domenico, with amazingly clear blue-green water, and walked back to the bridge that leads to a little church. Coot were on the water, and we were able to see one feeding on the lake bottom, through the clear water, and rising again to the surface. A Common Sandpiper was on the lake shore. The plants here were more Mediterranean, with Spiny Spurge (Euphorbia spinosa), the very aromatic, white-flowered Winter Savory (Satureja montana), the similar but more spindly, pink- flowered Micromeria graeca, and the endemic bellflower Campanula fragilis subsp. cavolinii growing on the rocks. Other species included Lesser Calamint (Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum), royal-blue-flowered Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus). Swallowtails were flitting around, plus a probable Dark-green Fritillary.

From here we continued through the gorge, taking a small turning to the right and parking at the start of a path along a section of the River Sagittario. As we started the walk, we admired the Ivy-leaved Cyclamen (or Common Sowbread: Cyclamen hederifolium), dotted around in little groups, and Matt found a black Millipede. Trees included Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus), Montpellier Maple (Acer monspessulanus) and Italian Maple (Acer opalus subsp. obtusatum), and we also noted Southern Polypody and Rustyback ferns (Polypodium cambricum and Asplenium ceterach), and short spikes of Forking Larkspur (Consolida regalis). Crag Martins were feeding overhead as we descended the steep stony path with caution, to the valley bottom, where the Sagittario is a fast-flowing stream. Here it was more humid, but the rather dark valley floor was illuminated by carpets of pink Cyclamen. We reached a more open area, where we could look up to the top of the cliffs, seeing a female Rock Thrush, more Crag Martins, a couple of Raven and a distant Peregrine Falcon. Meanwhile, Jessica had located a vivid-yellow Crocus-like flower high up on a rocky ledge - Sternbergia (Sternbergia lutea). This delightful autumn-flowering bulb is very rare in this region of Central Italy, and we got good views through the telescope – not just useful for birds! We walked a little futher, to where we could see the town of Annversa degli Abruzzi above us, before retracing our steps, and having refreshments back at the minibuses. We returned the way we had come, through the gorge, past Scanno and up over the mountains, before dropping to Villetta Barrea and up the valley to the hotel. Although it was a long day, with a lot of driving, we all agreed that it had been very enjoyable.

Day 6 Tuesday 4th September

Val di Rose

We woke to another fine day, ideal for our mountain walk up the Val di Rose. Overnight, we had run a moth trap in the hotel garden; the low overnight temperature meant there was a limited catch, but with some



interesting finds, including Brimstone Moth, Feathered Gothic, Red Underwing, Large Yellow Underwing and Common Footman.

After breakfast, with picnics made, we drove back along the Sangro valley to Villetta Barrea, this time turning right over the river and up to the village of Civitella Alfadena, where we parked at the start of our path. We set off up the stony path, where plants in the initial section included Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas), Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris) and, in the open, Mountain Tragacanth (Astragalus sempervirens). We were concentrating on walking up the steep path through the Beech forest and glades and enjoyed the views back down to the Lago di Barrea. We heard Nuthatch, Chiffchaff, Green Woodpecker, Common Buzzard and Tawny Owl. Eventually, we reached the final glade, where we had a rest and refreshments. A Goden Eagle gave a magnificent fly-past overhead. Butterflies included Clouded Yellow, Small Copper and Adonis Blue, and Pat, staying in the glade, also recorded a female Scarce Copper and a Bee Chafer.

The rest of us climbed on, soon clearing the tree line and emerging into the open alpine meadows, with stunning views in all directions. Black Redstarts were flitting around, as were a few Northern Wheatears, and a male Scarce Copper was on Oxford Ragwort (Senecio squalidus). We ate our picnic by a solitary Sycamore tree, seeing a rather distant Abruzzo Chamois, resting on a rock. We reckoned we could get better views without disturbing it, so we continued up the path towards the Passo Cavuto, which is 1,942 metres above sea level. Crag Martins were around, and another Golden Eagle was spotted over the ridge, followed by a second one. We heard a group of Alpine Choughs having an altercation and heard and saw a number of Red-billed Choughs on the skyline, some well enough to see their beaks. We noted little bushes of Daphne oleoides, and Cobweb Houseleek (Sempervivum arachnoideum) and Rock Crane’s-bill (Geranium macrorhizum) growing in crevices on the boulders, but not in flower.

As we approached the area where the Chamois was resting, we saw that there were, in fact, a herd of 16, and then another two as well, all resting or quietly grazing. At least two were youngsters, with only horn buds. The Abruzzo Chamois is a different species from the Alpine Chamois, and this area is their stronghold. Some of the group continued on the path towards the pass, which took them closer to the Chamois, giving great views and photo opportunities. Others branched right to walk up to the ridge; from here the views are amazing, of La Camosciara and beyond. On the ridge we found a few flowers including a small blue Scabious Scabiosa silenifolia, yellow Small Scorpion-vetch (Coronilla vaginalis) and Alpine Rock-rose (Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre), and the tiny leaf rosettes of Ciliate Rock-jasmine (Androsace villosa). We also noted Dwarf Juniper (Juniperus communis var. saxatilis) and Dwarf Mountain Pine (Pinus mugo). Eventually we had to leave this fantastic location, to descend again through the forest. On the way we noted Fox scat, Marten scat (probably Beech Marten) and a very old Wolf scat, that was a mass of hair.

We reconvened at the bottom of the path, returning to the hotel for a quiet evening. We all had a sense of achievement after our strenuous walk and were all delighted to have seen the Chamois in such beautiful surroundings.



Day 7 Wednesday 5th September

Gioia Vecchio; Pescasseroli; La Cicerana (Selva Moricento)

The early group were out this morning at first light, going first to the Bisegna viewpoint and seeing several Red Deer and one large Wild Boar. It was very misty there, so they moved on to Gioia Vecchio, where they were joined by a slightly later group. We saw a couple of Roe Deer, but otherwise, all was quiet. We returned to the hotel for a later breakfast, seeing a couple of Red-backed Shrikes en route.

After breakfast, most of the group went into Pescasseroli, in order to do some shopping, look round the market and explore the back streets of this little town. We returned for some free time or a chance to explore the area behind the hotel, before our picnic on the sun terrace. Noteable records from the morning included a female Four-spotted Footman moth in town, and a Knapweed Fritillary in the meadows above the hotel.

We then left to repeat our excursion to La Cicerana; however, this time, we would all be driven to the rifugio. We drove to the Passo del Diavolo, as before, where we met Paolo (a different guide from before) and the first group transferred to the Ecotur vehicle, reporting Red-backed Shrike by the road. Meanwhile, the rest enjoyed the butterflies, including Hermits and a very battered Mazarine Blue. The jeep returned to take them up the stony track. We met together at the rifugio and set off with Paolo, recording Skylark. We soon stopped by a dead Beech tree, where we looked for Rosalia alpina, the Alpine Longhorn beetle, finding one near the base of the trunk; we admired the pale-blue-and-black coloration of this large beetle.

Moving on, we entered the Selva Moricento ancient woodland; Paolo explained the importance of this UNESCO World Heritage area, where no human interference of collecting wood, fungi etc, is permitted. Several Marsh Tits were seen, some as part of a mixed tit party, together with Eurasian Treecreepers. Nuthatches were also vocal. We passed an underground Wasps’ nest which had been attacked by a Bear, seeing how the animal had enlarged the hole and broken the nest. We came to a large old tree at the junction of two tracks where there was a Wolf scat; they often mark such points. The nearby wooden sign had been broken by Bears a few years ago, searching for insects in the wood. We also inspected tracks in the nearby puddle and muddy areas, but none were clear. Many Lichens were hanging from the branches, and the trunk is sometimes used as a rubbing post by Bears. Amythyst Deceiver fungi were growing by the roots, and we passed some massive Parasol Mushrooms in the open meadow. We gently retraced our steps to the rifugio, where we enjoyed tea in the late-afternoon sunshine, before splitting into two groups again for the return journey. On the valley track we had a further stop to examine a Bear scat, full of Rhamnus berries and seeds. It had been a fascinating insight to the ecology of this area.

We returned to the hotel and met later to update our checklists and enjoy our final delicious meal and evening together.



Day 8 Thursday 6th September

Pescasseroli – Rome - UK

Today was our final morning, and we had to return to Rome. After an early breakfast we loaded our luggage into the vehicles and said our farewells and thanks to Marco and Geraldine and the Albergo Paradiso. We drove north, past Gioia Vecchio, and down to the plain below, where we joined the autostrada for Rome. We reached the airport in good time and checked in for our flights, leaving behind the wonderful wildlife and beautiful scenery of the Abruzzo National Park.

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Sagittario Gorge

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Species Lists

Plants (* = a species is endemic)

The layout of the plant list, and plant names have been updated in line with current taxonomy (mainly based on DNA

studies). Scientific name Common name Location

PTERIDOPHYTES FERNS & ALLIES

Leptosporangiate Ferns True Ferns Aspleniaceae Spleenwort Family Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Val Fondillo Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort La Difesa

Polypodiaceae Polypody Family

Polypodium cambricum Southern Polypody Sagittario Gorge Polypodium vulgare agg. Common Polypody La Difesa

GYMNOSPERMS CONIFERS

Cupressaceae Juniper Family Juniperus communis Common Juniper La Difesa Juniperus communis var. saxatilis Dwarf Juniper Passo Godi Juniperus oxycedrus Prickly Juniper Sagittario Gorge

Pinaceae Pine Family

Pinus mugo Dwarf Mountain Pine Val di Rose Pinus nigra subsp. italica* Villetta Barrea Black Pine Val di Rose Pinus nigra subsp. nigra Austrian or Black Pine Above Villetta Barrea Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine

ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS

Eu-dicots True Dicotyledons Adoxaceae Moschatel Family Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder La Difesa Sambucus nigra Elder Val Fondillo

Anacardiaceae Sumach Family

Pistacia terebinthus Terebinth Tree Sagittario Gorge

Apiaceae Carrot Family

Bupleurum falcatum subsp. cernuum A Hare's-ear La Cicerana Daucus carota Wild Carrot La Cicerana Eryngium amethystinum Blue Eryngo Widespread Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo Alba Fucens Seseli montanum subsp. tommasinii Seseli Val Fondillo Trinia glauca Honewort Alba Fucens

Apocynaceae Periwinkle Family

Nerium oleander Oleander (planted) Rome Ringroad Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Swallow-wort Val di Rose

Aralaceae Ivy Family



Scientific name Common name Location

Hedera helix Ivy Sagittario Gorge

Betulaceae Birch Family

Corylus avellana Hazel La Difesa

Boraginaceae Forget-me-not Family

Cynoglossum magellense* An endemic Hound's-tongue La Cicerana Echium italicum Pale Bugloss Alba Fucens Echium vulgare subsp. pustulatum a Viper's-bugloss Alba Fucens Heliotropum europaeum Heliotrope Alba Fucens

Brassicaceae Cabbage Family

Erysimum pseudorhaeticum* a Treacle Mustard Alba Fucens Lunaria annuus Annual Honesty Sagittario Gorge

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family

Campanula fragilis subsp. cavolinii* An endemic bellflower Sagittario Gorge Campanula rapunculus Rampion Bellflower La Difesa Campanula scheuchzeri Scheuchzer's Bellflower (a Harebell) Val di Rose Campanula trachelium Nettle-leaved Bellflower La Difesa

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family

Cephalaria leucantha a Cream Scabious Alba Fucens Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel La Difesa Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious Alba Fucens Scabiosa silenifolia Val di Rose Scabiosa triandra A Scabious with v. divided leaves Sagittario Gorge

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family

Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Summer La Difesa Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink Val di Rose Petrorhagia saxifraga a Tunic Flower La Difesa Silene dioica Red Campion La Difesa Silene latifolia White Campion La Difesa

Celastraceae Spindle Family

Euonymus europaeus Spindle Tree Val Fondillo Euonymus latifolius Broad-leaved Spindle Sagittario Gorge

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family

Helianthemum nummularium Rock-rose La Difesa Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre Alpine Rock-rose Val di Rose

Compositae (Asteraceae) Daisy Family

Bellis perennis Daisy Vallone Pesco di Lordo Carduus affinis* A thistle Val Fondillo Carduus defloratus Alpine Thistle La Difesa Carlina acanthifolia Acanthus-leaved Carline Thistle La Cicerana Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex Stemmed' Stemless Carline Thistle La Cicerana Carlina corymbosa Corymbose Carline Thistle Alba Fucens




Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistle Above Villetta Barrea Centaurea nigrescens Alpine Knapweed Val Fondillo Centaurea solstitialis Yellow Star-thistle Alba Fucens Cichorium intybus Chicory Roadsides Cirsium tenoreanum a Woolly Thistle La Cicerana Cota tinctoria subsp. australis Yellow Chamomile Alba Fucens Echinops sphaerocephala Great Globe Thistle Alba Fucens Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony Sagittario Gorge Helichrysum italicum A Curry Plant Alba Fucens Jacobaea samnitum* A large-flowered Ragwort Val Fondillo Lactuca viminea subsp. chondrillifolia Alba Fucens Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy La Difesa Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort Val di Rose

Convolvulaceae Bindweed Family

Convolvulus arvense Field Bindweed Alba Fucens Convolvulus cantabrica Pink Bindweed Alba Fucens Cuscuta epithymum Common Dodder Val Fondillo

Cornaceae Dogwood Family

Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Val di Rose Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Alba Fucens

Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family

Sedum dasyphyllum Fat-leaved Stonecrop Val Fondillo Sedum sexangulare Tasteless Stonecrop La Cicerana Sempervivum arachnoideum Cobweb Houseleek Val di Rose

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family

Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge La Difesa Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge La Difesa Euphorbia myrsinites Glaucous Spurge Vallone Pesco di Lordo Euphorbia spinosa Spiny Spurge Sagittario Gorge

Fagaceae Beech Family

Fagus sylvatica Beech Common Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Roadsides Quercus ilex Holm Oak Sagittario Gorge Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Roadsides

Gentianaceae Gentian Family

Gentiana cruciata Cross Gentian Val Fondillo (leaves) Gentiana lutea Great Yellow Gentian Vallone Pesco di Lordo (leaves)

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family

Erodium alpinum Alpine Stork's-bill La Cicerana Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill La Difesa Geranium macrorrhizum Rock Crane's-bill Val di Rose Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane’s-bill Vallone Pesco di Lordo Geranium reflexum Reflexed Crane's-bill La Difesa




Geranium robertianum Herb Robert Sagittario Gorge Geranium subcaulescens Ashy Crane’s-bill

Grossulariaceae Gooseberry Family

Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry La Cicerana

Hypericaceae St. John's-wort Family

Hypericum perforatum Perforate St. John's-wort La Difesa

Lamiaceae Deadnettle Family

Clinopodium (Acinos) alpinum Alpine Basil Thyme Alba Fucens Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum Lesser Calamint Sagittario Gorge Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil Sagittario Gorge Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolium Red Hemp-nettle Vallone Pesco di Lordo Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop Sagittario Gorge Marrubium vulgare White Horehound Alba Fucens Mentha aquatica Water Mint La Difesa Micromeria graeca subsp. tenuifolia Pink Micromeria Sagittario Gorge Prunella laciniata Cut-leaved Self-heal La Cicerana Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary Alba Fucens Satureja montana Winter Savory Alba Fucens Sideritis italica A Sideritis Alba Fucens Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort La Cicerana Thymus oenipontanus Wild Thyme La Difesa

Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Pea Family

Astragalus sempervirens Mountain Tragacanth Val di Rose Coronilla vaginalis Small Scorpion-vetch Val di Rose Cytisus (Chamaecytisus) spinosus Spiny Broom La Cicerana Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum Val Fondillo Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil La Cicerana Medicago sativa Lucerne Alba Fucens Melilotus indicus Small Melilot Alba Fucens Onobrychis viciifolia Sainfoin Alba Fucens Ononis spinosa Spiny Restharrow La Cicerana Securigera varia Crown Vetch Alba Fucens Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Roadsides Trifolium pratense Red Clover Vallone Pesco di Lordo

Malvaceae Mallow Family

Malva moschata Musk Mallow La Difesa Malva sylvestris Common Mallow Alba Fucens Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Lime Lago di Scanno

Oleaceae Olive Family

Fraxinus ornus Manna or Flowering Ash Sagittario Gorge Ligustrum vulgare Privet Alba Fucens

Onagraceae

Willowherb Family




Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb La Difesa

Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family

Euphrasia agg Eyebright Val Fondillo Odontites lutea Yellow Odontites Alba Fucens Odontites vulgaris Red Bartsia Alba Fucens

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family

Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax La Difesa Digitalis ferruginea Brown Foxglove La Cicerana Linaria purpurea Purple Toadflax Vallone Pesco di Lordo Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax Alba Fucens Plantago media Hoary Plantain Vallone Pesco di Lordo Plantago sempervirens Shrubby Plantain Alba Fucens

Plumbaginaceae Thrift Family

Armeria canescens Plantain-leaved Thrift Alba Fucens Plumbago europaea Plumbago or Common Leadwort Sagittario Gorge

Primulaceae Primrose Family

Androsace villosa Ciliate Rock-jasmine Val di Rose Cyclamen hederifolium Common Sowbread La Cicerana Primula vulgaris Primrose Val Fondillo

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family

Clematis vitalba Old Man's Beard Alba Fucens Consolida regalis Forking Larkspur Sagittario Gorge Helleborus foetidus Stinking Hellebore La Difesa Ranunculus serpens subsp. nemorosus Wood Buttercup La Difesa Thalictrum simplex A Meadow-rue La Difesa

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family

Rhamnus alpinus Alpine Buckthorn La Cicerana Rhamnus saxatilis Rock Buckthorn Val di Rose

Rosaceae Rose Family

Cotoneaster nebrodensis A large-leaved Cotoneaster Sagittario Gorge Crataegus laevigata Midland Hawthorn La Cicerana Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn La Difesa Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Vallone Pesco di Lordo Malus sylvestris Crab Apple La Difesa Potentilla detommasii A Sulphur Cinquefoil Vallone Pesco di Lordo Prunus mahaleb St. Lucie's Cherry Val Fondillo Prunus spinosa Blackthorn La Difesa Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster Wild Pear Val di Rose Rosa canina agg. Dog Rose La Difesa Rubus fruticosa agg. Bramble La Difesa Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Val Fondillo

Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family




Asperula aristata Southern Squinancywort Val di Rose Galium odoratum Woodruff La Difesa Galium verum Lady’s Bedstraw Alba Fucens

Salicaceae Willow Family

Pop[ulus alba White Poplar Val Fondillo Populus nigra agg. Black Poplar Val Fondillo Salix alba White Willow Val Fondillo Salix purpurea Purple Willow Val Fondillo Salix viminalis Basket Willow Val Fondillo

Santalaceae Sandelwood Family

Viscum album Mistletoe Val Fondillo

Sapindaceae Maple Family

Acer campestre Field Maple La Difesa Acer monspessulanum Montpelier Maple Alba Fucens Acer opalus subsp. obtusatum Italian Maple Sagittario Gorge Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Gioia Vecchio

Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family

Saxifraga callosa Thick-leaved Saxifrage Sagittario Gorge Saxifraga porophylla* Reddish Saxifrage Val Fondillo Saxifraga rotundifolia Round-leaved Saxifrage La Difesa

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family

Scrophularia scopolii Italian Figwort La Difesa Verbascum mallophorum a large branched Mullein La Cicerana Verbascum pulverulentum Hoary Mullein Vallone Pesco di Lordo Verbascum thapsus Aaron’s Rod Val di Rose

Thymelaeaceae Daphne Family

Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel Sagittario Gorge Daphne mezereum Mezereon La Difesa Daphne oleoides A Daphne Val di Rose

Urticaceae Nettle Family

Urtica dioica Nettle La Cicerana

Violaceae Violet Family

Viola alba subsp. dehnhardtii A Violet (mauve) La Difesa

Monocots Monocotyledons

Amaryllidaceae Daffodil Family

Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum Rock Onion Passo Godi Sternbergia lutea Sternbergia Sagittario Gorge

Asparagaceae

Asparagus Family




Asparagus acutifolius Prickly Asparagus Sagittario Gorge Polygonatum multiflorum Solomon’s-seal La Difesa Ruscus aculeatus Butcher's-broom Sagittario Gorge

Colchicaceae Autumn Crocus Family

Colchicum alpinum Alpine Autumn Crocus La Cicerana Colchicum lusitanum An Autumn Crocus La Cicerana Colchicum neapolitanum An Autumn Crocus La Cicerana

Melanthiaceae Herb-Paris Family

Paris quadrifolia Herb-Paris La Cicerana

Orchidaceae Orchid Family

Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Val di Rose - in flower Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid Val di Rose - dried stems

FUNGI

Lecanoromycetes Lichens Lobaria pulmonaria Lungwort La Cicerana

Agaricomycetes Suillellus (Boletus) luridus Lurid Bolete La Cicerana Coprinus comatus Shaggy Ink Cap Fomes fomentarius Hoof Fungus La Difesa Laccaria amethystina Amethyst Deceiver La Cicerana Macrolepiota procera Parasol Mushroom La Cicerana

Birds (=recorded but not counted; H = heard only; LO = leader Only)

Common name

Scientific name

August -September 30 31 1 2 3 4 5

1 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 2 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 3 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 4 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1 5 Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus 4 6 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 2 3 7 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 1 1 8 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 2

9 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 10 Common Sandpiper Arctitis hypoleucos 1 11 Rock Dove/Feral Pigeon Columba livia

12 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus

13 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto 14 Tawny Owl Strix aluco H H 15 Common Swift Apus apus LO 16 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 7 1 17 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major H H H 18 European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis H H H H 19 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus

20 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 2



Common name

Scientific name August -September

30 31 1 2 3 4 5 21 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 7 1 12+

22 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius H

23 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica

24 Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 25 Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus H 26 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix

27 Northern Raven Corvus corax 28 Coal Tit Periparus ater

29 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris H

30 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus

31 Great Tit Parus major

32 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis

33 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

34 Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 35 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum

36 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus H H 37 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita

38 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla

39 Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus 40 Goldcrest Regulus regulus H 41 Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes H H H H H H 42 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea H

43 Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris H

44 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 45 Common Blackbird Turdus merula

46 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus 47 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 48 European Robin Erithacus rubecula

49 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros

50 Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus

51 Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis 52 Whinchat Saxicola rubetra LO 53 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oeneanthe

54 Italian Sparrow Passer italiae

55 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus LO 56 Grey Wagtail Montacilla cinerea 2 57 White Wagtail Montacilla alba 58 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis LO

59 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

60 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula H H H H 61 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris

62 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina 63 Red Crossbill Loxia curvirosta 4 2 64 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis

65 European Serin Serinus serinus

66 Rock Bunting Emberiza cia

Mammals (D = Dead; S = Signs Of)



Common name


30 31 1 2 3 4 5 1 Mole Talpa sp. S S S S 2 Red Fox Vulpes vulpes ? S S 3 Grey Wolf Canis lupus S S S 4 Marsican Brown Bear Ursus arctos marsicanus 1 S 5 Beech Marten Martes foina S 6 Badger Meles meles S 7 Red Deer Cervus elaphus 6+H 12 30+ H 11 8 Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus 7 2+H 9 Apennine or Abruzzo Chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata 5 18 10 Wild Boar Sus scrofa 40+ S 5 1 1 11 Apennine Hare Lepus corsicanus 1 12 Bat sp.

Reptiles & Amphibians

1 Green Lizard Lacerta viridis 1 1 1 2 Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis 2 1

3 Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula 4 Asp Viper Vipera aspis D

Fish

1 Brown Trout Salmo trutta

Butterflies

1 Swallowtail Papilo machaon 2 Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius LO 3 Large White Pieris brassicae 4 Small White Pieris rapae

5 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea

6 Berger's Clouded Yellow Colias alfacariensis 7 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni 8 Wood White Leptidea sinapis 9 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas 10 Scarce Copper Lycaena virgaureae 11 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus 12 Baton Blue Pseudophilotes baton 13 Brown Argus Aricia agestis

14 Mazarine Blue Cyaniris semiargus

15 Chalk-hill Blue Polyommatus coridon 16 Adonis Blue Polyommatus bellargus

17 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus

18 Southern White Admiral Limenitis reducta 19 Peacock Butterfly Aglais io 20 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta 21 Comma Butterfly Polygonia c-album 22 Southern Comma Polygonia egea 23 Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia

24 Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja 25 Queen of Spain Fritillary Issoria lathonia



Common name


30 31 1 2 3 4 5 26 Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne 27 Knapweed Fritillary Melitaea phoebe

28 Spotted Fritillary Melitaea didyma LO

29 Heath Fritillary Melitaea athalia 30 Woodland Grayling Hipparchia fagi

31 Tree Grayling Neohipparchia statilinus

32 Hermit Chazara briseis

33 Great Banded Grayling Brintesia circe 34 Autumn Ringlet Erebia neoridas

35 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina

36 Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus 37 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus

38 Wall Brown Lasiommata megera 39 Southern Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus malvoides 40 Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma

Moths

1 Olive-tree Pearl Palpeta vitrealis 2 cf. Mint Moth Pyrausta sp. 3 Ermine type cf. Yponomeuta sp. 4 Six-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae 5 Common Carpet Epirrhoe alternata 6 Purple Bar Cosmorhoe ocellata 7 Treble-bar Aplocera plagiata

8 Brimstone Moth Opisthograptis luteolata 9 Humming-bird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum

10 Common Footman Eilema lurideola 11 Four-spotted Footman Lithosia quadra

12 Jersey Tiger Euplagia quadripunctata

13 Heart and Club Agrotis clavis 14 Large Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuba 15 Feathered Gothic Tholera decimalis 16 Red Underwing Catocala nupta

Other Invertebrates

1 Mayfly Order Ephemeroptera 2 Grasshopper spp Acrididae

3 Rock-dwelling Grasshopper (pale stripe) Omocestus petraeus 4 Blue-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens

5 Red-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda cf. germanica

6 Great Green Bush-cricket Tettigonia viridissima 7 Southern Wart-biter Decticus albifrons 8 Roesel's Bush-cricket Metrioptera roeselii 9 Field Cricket Gryllus campestris 10 Praying Mantis Mantis religiosa

11 Red and black Shield Bug Graphosoma lineatum ssp. italicum

12 Forest Bug Pentatoma rufipes



Common name


30 31 1 2 3 4 5 13 Black-shouldered Shieldbug Carpocoris purpureipennis

14 Red & black Ground Bug Lygaeus saxatilis

15 A Ground Bug Spilostethus saxatilis N

16 Capsid Bug sp. Miridae sp.

17 Caddis Fly Trichoptera sp. L

18 Common Crane-fly Tipula oleracea

19 A large bristly orange/black fly Tachina fera

20 Common Wasp Vespula vulgaris

21 White-tailed Bumblebee Bombus lucorum

22 Common Carder Bee Bombus pascuorum

23 Rove Beetle Staphylinidae

24 Rose Chafer type Protaetia sp.

25 Bee Chafer Trichius fasciatus

26 Blue-and-black Longhorn Beetle Rosalia alpina D

27 Tawny Longhorn Beetle Paracorymbia fulva

28 Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi

29 Oak Spider Aculepeira ceropegia

30 A Harvestman (commonest sp.) Phalangium opilio

31 Millipede cf Tachypodoiulus niger

Abruzzo Chamois

Date post:	15-Feb-2019
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Abruzzo in Autumn - naturetrek.co.uk After lunch, we drove into town to meet with Paolo, our Ecotur...

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