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SETHULAKSHMI K VROLL NO : 17

ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene.

The result is a long chain of polybutadiene criss-crossed with shorter chains of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile). The nitrile groups from neighboring chains, being polar, attract each other and bind the chains together, making ABS stronger than

pure polystyrene.

ADVANTAGES High impact strength

Good stiffness

Good colourability

Excellent surface quality

High diamentional stability at elevated temperature

Good chemical resistance

Good stress cracking resistance

DISADVANTAGES

Lack of transparency

Poor weathering resistance

Poor flame resistance

Two types

Blends of Acrylonitrile butadiene Styrene copolymers with butadiene rubbers

Inter polymers of poly butadiene and Acrylonitrile

To produce ABS polymers,styrene and Acrylonitrile are added to polybutadiene latex and the mixture warmed to about 500c

to allow absobtion of the monomer s

A water soluble initiator-potassium persulphate is then added to polymerize the styrene and Acrylonitrile

Resultant materials will be a mixture of polybutadiene grafted with Acrylonitrile and styrene,and styrene-Acrylonitrile copolymer

Mechanical propertiesimpact resistance and toughnessMaximum Temperature: 176°F 80°CMinimum Temperature: -4°F -20°CMelting Point: 221°F 105°CTensile Strength: 4,300 psi

FlammabilityThe material burns with a smoky yellow flameemitting a pungent gas

Mechanical Properties

Young's Modulus 1.1- 2.9GPa

Elastic Limit 18 - 50 MPa

Tensile Strength 27 - 55 MPa

Elongation 6 - 8 %

Hardness - Vickers 6 - 15 HV

Endurance Limit 11 - 22 MPa

Fracture Toughness 1.2- 4.2MPa.m1/2

Thermal Properties

Max Service Temp 350 - 370 K

Thermal Expansion 70 - 75 10-6/K

Specific Heat 1500 - 1510 J/kg.K

Thermal Conductivity 0.17 - 0.24 W/m.K

Chemical resistanceExcellent resistance (no attack) to Glycerine, Inorganic Salts, Alkalis, Many Acids, Most Alcohols and HydrocarbonsLimited resistance (moderate attack and suitable for short term use only) to Weak Acids

Poor resistance (not recommended for use with) Strong Acids and Solvents, Ketones, Aldehydes, Esters, and some Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Household application

Telephone bodies

safety helmets

pipings

furniture

car components

TV ,radios casings

control panels

Valve bodies

material handling equipment

Automobiles Radiator grillsHead light housingSeat beltHead lamp fixtureDoor knopsTwo wheeler frontWater panelsHelmetsElectroplated partsMirror housingsWheel coversVentilationsHeater housingloudspeaker housing

AgricultureWater vent systemDrinking water systemIrrigation system MedicalIV fluid monitoring controllersBlood glucose meterSurgical clipsEmergencyIntravenous infusion pumpsScanner bodyECG/EEG body framesCabinets of medical kit

Packaging

Luggage cases

Oil petrol ,kerosene containers

containers for carbonated beverages

Cups

Luggage shells

Blends of ABS

ABS/pc-increase in HDT up to 1300c

ABS/PVC-Fire retarding ABS type material

ABS/Acrylic materials-A reasonable transparent ABS type polymer

Composites of ABS

Bio-based polymer blend using available bio-polymers in combination with ABS

Housing for small appliances (for example: printer parts and 3D printers)

Achieve a commercial blend with Eco-label

ABS-wood composites – Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) Market: Automotive Industry (for example: interior rigid

panel parts)

Achieve a commercial composite with Eco-label

Novel acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) nanocomposites reinforced with pristine or functionalized single- or multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP) sheets were manufactured via hot-compression and vacuum infiltration.

Their morphology, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties were comparatively investigated.

SEM and TGA showed that the infiltration process leads to better BP impregnation than the hot-press technique. BPs made from functionalized or short nanotubes form compact networks that hamper the penetration of the matrix chains, whereas those composed of pristine tubes possess large pores that facilitate the polymer flow, resulting in composites with low degree of porosity and improved mechanical performance.

Enhanced thermal and electrical properties are found for samples incorporating functionalized BPs since dense networks lead to more conductive pathways, and a stronger barrier effect to the diffusion of degradation products, thus better thermal stability.

According to dynamic mechanical analysis these composites exhibit the highest glass transition temperatures, suggesting enhanced filler-matrix interactions as corroborated by the Raman spectra.

The results presented herein demonstrate that the composite performance can be tailored by controlling the BP architecture and offer useful insights into the structure-property relationships of these materials to be used in electronic applications, particularly for EMI shielding and packaging of integrated circuits.

A series of flame retardant acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (FR ABS) composites were prepared by melt blending using aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) or silicone flame retardant (SiFR) as synergistic flame retardant.

The thermal behavior, flame retardancy of FR ABS composites were investigated by thermogravimetric (TGA), the UL-94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter test. The FR ABS composite showed good flame retardancy, from no vertical rating of ABS to V-0 rating of FR ABS containing 25 wt% AHP in the UL-94 test

The results showed that ABS/22wt%AHP composites presented lower peak heat release rate (PHRR), lower total heat release (THR) and higher char residue (CR) than those for ABS.

Adding small amount of MCA or SiFR, PHRR and THR values for ABS/20wt%AHP/2wt%MCA and ABS/20wt%AHP/2wt% SiFR composites decreased compared with ABS/22wt%AHP composite, which indicated that the incorporation of MCA or SiFR led to a synergistic effect on the ABS/AHP flame retardant composites.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurement results showed that the residual structure for ABS/20wt%AHP/2wt%MCA and ABS/20wt%AHP/2wt%SiFR composites presented very different surface morphology and surface element composition, which were attributed to different synergistic flame retardant

mechanisms.

The impact resistance of the lignocellulosic-filled ABS grades showed higher property retention at exposed condition in comparison to neat ABS. The analyses were supported by electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy.

Impact properties of four ABS grades have been investigated as a function of artificial weathering under ultraviolet (UV)/condensation conditioning. Natural-colored, carbon-black-filled, and two lignocellulosic biocomposites filled with sunflower hull (SFH) and distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were used in this study.

The neat ABS and filled grades were extruded and injection molded.

Notched and unnotched Izod impact testing was performed to determine the impact resistance at 0 h and 168 h of UV/condensation conditioning.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fractography of UV/condensation-exposed and impact fracture surfaces

A 10% by weight of pineapple leaf fiber PALF was compounded with ABS using diisononyl phthalate 1% w/w as plasticizer at the different flame retardant concentration (10 and 20 wt%) in a co-rotating twin screw extruder

This research is to study the effect of two different flame retardants i.e., bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and 9, 10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) on the flammability and mechanical properties of the composites of modified natural pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

An injection molding machine was used to prepare the specimens. The effects of flame-retardants showed that the PALF/ABS composite contaning DOPO showed superior performance in terms of flammabitily.

Higher content of flame retardants led to increase LOI value. Moreover, the composites added DOPO produce enhanced mechanical properties such as youngs modulus and tensile strength.

“Bio-ABS” plastics: new bio-plastics ecologically friendly based on blends

of ABS and biopolymers

• Focused in innovative solutions based on environmental protection.

• Environmental impact assessment based on reduction energy

consumption and green-house gas emission offers a clear advantage for bio-materials compared to traditional polymers.

The development of a new generation of environmental friendly ABS-based materials is going to be requested by our customers and the ABS market.