a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf]
/fhkq
& g+= k|b]z, s~rgk'/, @)&$ ;fn sflt{s! ut] v08 !, ;+VofM !!
efu–@
a]]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf,
@)&$
a]]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf,
@)&$
-gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 kfl/t ldlt @)&$.$.!(_
k|:tfjgf M
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)^* n] kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{] bfloTj
:yfgLo lgsfosf] x'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ctM gu/kflnsf
If]qleqsf] kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ ;|f]tdf Go"lgs/0f, k'gM k|of]u, k|zf]wg jf
lj;h{g u/L kmf]x/d}nfsf] Jojl:yt tyf k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ tyf
kmf]x/d}nfaf6 hg:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|lts'n k|efjnfO{
sd u/L :jR5 tyf :j:y jftfj/0f sfod ug{sf nflu a]bsf]6
gu/kflnsf If]qleq /x]sf k|||To]s 3/, k;n, xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06,
Joj;flos tyf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7g, lzIf0f ;+:yf, lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf, sfof{no, a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf, wfld{s :yn, ;fj{hlgs :yn
cflbaf6 pTkfbg x'g] kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfO{ kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng, 9'jfgL tyf clGtd la;h{g u/L ;8s tyf
;fj{hlgs :yn, rf]s, uNnL, v'nf If]q, pBfg, gbL / gbL lsgf/
cflbsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;'wf/ Nofpg kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg
P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf %! sf] pkbkmf @ tyf :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g
lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] lgod @&^ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L a]bsf]6
gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf @)&$ th{'df u/L nfu'
u/]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b – !
;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De
!=;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M
!= o; lgb{]lzsfsf] gfd æa]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf–@)&$Æ /xg]5 .
@= of] lgb{]lzsf a]bsf]6 gu/kl/ifb\n] :jLs[t u/]sf] ldlt
b]lv nfu' x'g]5 .
@=kl/efiff M
laifo jf k|;+un] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; lgb{]lzsfdf,
-s_ ælgb{]lzsfÆ eGgfn] a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf–@)&$ a'em\g'k5{ .
-v_ ægu/kflnsfÆ eGgfn] a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf a'em\g'k5{ .
-u_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%%
a'em\g'k5{.
-3_ ælgodfnLÆ eGgfn] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g lgodfjnL,
@)%^ a'em\g'k5{ .
-ª_ æ:yfgLo lgsfoÆ eGgfn] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt,
gu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsf a'em\g'k5{ .
-r_ æsf]ifÆ eGgfn] a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf4f/f :yflkt
jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljz]if sf]if a'em\g'kb{5 .
-5_ æ;fem]bf/Æ eGgfn] a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf4f/f kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg ug{ :yflkt sf]ifdf ;fem]bf/L ug{] cGo
h'g;'s} lgsfonfO{ a'em\g' kg{]5 .
-h_ æcf}Bf]lus kmf]x/d}nfÆ eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgaf6
lgisfzg x'g] xflgsf/s tyf k|b'if0f o'Qm kmf]x/d}nf
;Demg' kb{5 .
-em_ æcf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] s'g} pBf]u, Joj;fo jf
;]jf ;~rfng ug{] p2]Zon] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
:yflkt s'g} sDkgL, pBf]u, kmd{ jf cGo s'g} lgsfo
;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ æsG6]g/Æ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu
lglZrt :yfgdf /flvPsf] kmf]x/d}nf y'kfg{] efF8f], afs;,
aflN6g jf o:t} k|sf/sf] s'g} j:t' ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] sDkf]i6 dn pTkfbg ug{ /flvPsf] efF8f] ;d]tnfO{
hgfpg]5 .
-6_ æ9'jfgLÆ eGgfn] ;+slnt kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg :ynaf6
;+sng s]Gb| / ;+sng s]Gb|af6 :yfgfGt/0f s]Gb|;Dd jf
:yfgfGt/0f s]Gb|af6 kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn jf
:yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] :yfg;Dd n}hfg] sfo{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-7_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g
cGt{ut ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd
;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ æGo"gLs/0fÆ eGgfn] s'g} klg k|ljlw jf pkfosf] k|of]u
u/L kmf]x/d}nfsf] kl/df0f, cfsf/ jf k|efjdf sdug{]
sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ ælgisf;gÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg :ynaf6 :yfgLo
lgsfon] tf]s]sf :yfgdf y'kfg{] jf lgsfNg] sfo{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-0f_ æk|b'if0fÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nfaf6 lg:sg] 7f];, t/n jf
Uof; j:t'sf] ;+of]hgaf6 jftfj/0fdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf
?kn] k|efj k/L jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo x|f; Nofpg], Iflt
k'/\ofpg] jf jftfj/0fsf] nfebfoL jf pkef]uL k|of]hgdf
xfgL gf]S;fgL k'/\ofpg] lqmofsnfk ;Demg' k5{ .
-t_ æk|efljt If]qÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :ynsf]
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj
d'Nof+sg k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt If]qnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ æk|zf]wgÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nfsf] ?k jf u'0fdf kl/jt{g
u/L cGo s'g} pkof]uL j:t' tof/ ug{], dn, Uof;, pmhf{
jf cGo j:t' pTkfbgsf u/L kmf]x/d}nsf] Joj:yfkg ug{]
sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-b_ æk|zf]wg :ynÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ k|zf]wg u/L dn,
Uof;, pmhf{ jf cGo j:t' pTkfbgsf nflu sfo{ ;~rfng
ug{] :yfg ;Demg' k5{ .
-w_ æk'gM rqmLo k|of]uÆ eGgfn] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u4f/f ;+slnt
kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ sRrf kbfy{df ?kfGt/0f u/L pkfo]uL
j:t'sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L k'gM k|of]udf Nofpg] sfo{
;Demg' k5{ .
-g_ ækmf]x/d}nfÆ eGgfn] 3/]n' kmf]x/d}nf, cf}Bf]lus kmf]x/d}nf,
/f;folgs kmf]xf]/d}nf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfhGo kmf]x/d}nf jf
xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] tTsfn
k|of]u x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf kmflnPsf jf ;8]un]sf,
jftfj/0fdf x|f; cfpg] u/L lgisfzg ul/Psf 7f];,
t/n, Uof;, n]bf], w'jfF, w''nf], ljB'tLo tyf ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf nflu k|of]u ePsf ;fdu|Lx? nufotsf kbfy{
jf To:t} k|sf/sf cGo j:t'x? jf cgflws[t ?kdf
;fj{hlgs :yndf 6fFl;Psf kf]i6/, kDkn]6 / g]kfn
;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg
u/L kmf]x/d}nf egL tf]lslbPsf] cGo j:t' ;d]tnfO
hgfpg]5 .
-k_ ækmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn-:oflg6/L Nof08lkmN8
;fO6_Æ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g jf k|zf]wg ug{sf]
nflu :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] :yn ;Demg' k5{ .
-km_ ækmf]x/d}nf ;+sngÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg :ynaf6
p7fpg], 3/ 3/af6 ;+sng ug{], ;fj{hlgs :yndf /x]sf]
kmf]x/d}nf a9fg{], y'kfg{], emf/kft pv]Ng] tyf cglws[t
?kdf ;fj{hlgs :yndf 6fFl;Psf kf]i6/, kDkn]6 pKsfO{
;+sng ug{] sfo{{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-a_ ækmf]x/d}nf ;+sng tyf 9'jfgL ;fwgÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf
;+sng tyf 9'jfgL ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ul/g]
;fwg, pks/0f jf cf}hf/ ;Demg' k5{ .
-e_ æaGb kZrft Joj:yfkg -kf]:6 Snf]h/ Dofg]hd]G6_Æ
eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yndf kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g
ug{ aGb u/] kZrft ;f] If]qsf] jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng
sfod /fVgsf] nflu ul/g] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-d_ æ/f;folgs kmf]x/d}nfÆ eGgfn] oyfl:yltdf k|of]u x'g
g;Sg] h'g;'s} ;|f]t tyf k|lqmofaf6 lg:s]sf dfgj
:jf:Yo nufot hLj, hGt' Pj+ jftfj/0fdf k|lts'n c;/
kfg{] ;Dk"0f{ /f;folgs kbfy{x? jf ;do ;dodf g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L /f;folgs
kmf]x/d}nf egL tf]s]sf] 7f];, t/n, w'nf], n]bf], UofF;
nufotsf kbfy{ jf j:t'nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-o_ ælj;h{gÆ eGgfn] kmf]x/d}nfsf] clGtd lgisfzg tyf
Joj:yfkg ;Demg' k5{ .
-/_ æ;+sng s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] 3/ 3/af6 lg:s]sf] kmf]x/d}nf
;+sng u/L lgwf{l/t ;do;Dd kmfNg, /fVg jf y'kfg{
:yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] :yfg ;Demg'k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
3/3/df kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng ug{ cfpg] :yfgLo lgsfon]
tf]s]sf] kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng jf kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng ug]
;fwg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-n_ æ;fd'bflos ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] gfkmf cfh{g gug{] p2]Zon]
;fd'bfosf] lxtsf lglDt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt
;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;xeflutf d"ns pkef]Qmf ;d'x,
;xsf/L ;+:yf jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-j_ æ:yfgfGt/0f s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] ;+slnt kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g
ug{ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn -:oflg6/L Nof08lkmN8
;fO6_ df n}hfg' cl3 kmf]x/d}nf ;+sngsf] nflu :yfgLo
lgsfon] tf]s]sf] :yfg ;Demg' k5{ .
-z_ æ:jf:Yo ;+:yfhGo kmf]x/d}nfÆ eGgfn] lSnlgs, kmfd{];L,
cf}ifwL, An8 a}+s, Kofyf]nf]lhsn k|of]uzfnf, kz'–
:jf:YohGo ;+:yf jf :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|af6 pTkfbg
tyf lgisfzg x'g] xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nf ;Demg' k5{ .
-if_ æxflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nfÆ eGgfn] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf x|f;
Nofpg], dfgj tyf cGo k|f0fLsf] :jf:Yodf xfgL gf]S;fgL
k'/\ofpg] ljleGg ?kdf lgisflzt j:t', kbfy{ tyf /]l8of]
ljls/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
#= lgb{]lzsfsf] p2]Zo M
o; lgb{]lzsfsf] p2]Zo b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
!= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% tyf lgodfjnL, @)%^
tyf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)^* tyf lgodfjnL,
@)&) n] gu/kflnsfnfO{ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu
lbPsf clwsf/x?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;3fp
k'/\ofpg] .
@= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yfgLo :t/df ;dGjo /
;dembf/L sfod ub{} ;xeflutfTds of]hgf th{'df ug{
;xof]u ug{] .
#= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf If]qdf /x]sf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf,
l5d]sL :yfgLo lgsfo / cGo ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu
;dGjo u/L kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;/;kmfO{sf nflu
r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
$= jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;/;kmfO{sf
nflu r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;xof]u ug{] .
%= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf lqmofzLn ;fem]bf/
;+:yfx?sf sfo{df cfjZos ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] .
^= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfd ug{] ljleGg /fli6«o
cGt/f{li6«o ;+3, ;+:yfx?;Fu ;dGjo sfod ug{ d2t
ug{] .
&= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu lghL If]q, gful/s ;dfh,
;d'bfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf h:tf ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/L
k|a4{g ug{] .
*= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg
d"Nof+sg ug{] cfwf/ k|bfg ug{] .
$= ;Dks{ zfvf M
a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{sf] ;Dks{
zfvfsf] ?kdf jftfj/0f tyf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg zfvfn] sfo{
ug{]5 .
%= lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df gu/kflnsfn] k|rlnt
sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ lghL
If]qnfO{ lhDdf lbg], k"0f{ ?kdf ;d'bfosf] lhDdf lbg], ;+o'Qm sf]if
:yfkgf u/L ;+rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{], cf+lzs ?kdf s'g} sfo{
dfq s'g} lgsfonfO{ lhDdf lbg] h:tf Joj:yfkgsf h'g;'s}
pkfox? cjnDag ug{] lg0f{ou/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^= ;]jf z'Ns lng] M
!= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg u/] afkt
;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfoaf6 ;]jf z'Ns nufO{
p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
@= o;/L ;]jf z'Nssf] lgwf{/0f kmf]x/d}nfsf] kl/df0f, tf}n
tyf k|s[lt / tf]lsP adf]lhdsf cGo s'/fx?sf] cfwf/df
gu/kflnsfn] ug{]5 .
#= o;/L p7fOg] z'Ns ;DalGwt a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf cfkm}n]
jf p;n] tf]s]sf] ;+:yf jf lgsfo dfkm{t ;d]t p7fpg
;Sg]5 .
$= gu/kflnsfaf6 kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ lhDd]jf/L
kfPsf] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] gu/kflnsf;Fu ePsf]
;xdtLsf] cfwf/df kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg u/] afkt
;DalGwt JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfoaf6 ;]jf z'Ns p7fpg
;Sg]5 .
%= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg z'Nsaf6 k|fKt cfDbfgL tyf
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf lghL If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpFbf
k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL a]bsf]6 jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljz]if
sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFwL tf]lsPsf] dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL
kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f tyf
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn k|efljt If]qsf] ljsf;df vr{
ug{' kg]{5 .
&= ;]jf lgnDag jf cGTo ug{ ;Sg] M
!= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;]jf z'Ns ga'emfpg]
;]jfu|fxLsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;]jf lgnDag
jf cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] JolQm, ;+:yf
jf lgsfon] lgwf{l/t ;]jf z'Ns ga'emfpg] ;]jfu|fxLsf]
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;]jf lgnDag jf cGTo ug{
;Sg]5 / o;/L ;]jf lgnDag jf cGTo ul/Pdf ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
#= ;]jfsf] lgnDag jf cGTo ul/Psf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf]
3/af6 pTkfbg x'g] kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DalGwt
3/wgL cfkm}n] ug{' kg{]5 .
$= ;]jfu|fxLn] a'emfpg' kg{] ;]jf z'Ns a'emfPdf lghnfO{ k'gM
;]jf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b – @
Joj:yfkg tyf ;+rfng ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*= Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g M
s_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{df cfjZos gLlt
lgdf{{0f, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg d'NofÍg ;d]tsf]
nflu b]xfo cg';f/sf] Ps Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
u7g ul/g]5 .
!= gu/ k|d'v cWoIf
@= gu/kflnsfn] dgf]gog u/]sf] slDtdf ! dlxnf
;lxt@hgf gu/kflnsfsf af]8{ ;b:ox? ;b:o
#= gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;b:o
$= j8f gful/s d~rsf ;+of]hs dWo]
gu/kflnsfaf65gf}6 ePsf ! dlxnf ;lxt
@ hgf ;b:o
%= k|ltlglw a]bsf]6 pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 ;b:o
^= k|ltlglw a]bsf]6 xf]6n Joj;foL ;+3 ;b:o
&= k|ltlglw lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;b:o
*= k|ltlglw vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;a l8lehg
sfof{no ;b:o
(= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu :yflkt Nof08
lkmN8;fO6sf] k|efljt If]qsf afl;Gbfx? dWo]
;ldltn]tf]s]sf slDtdf ! dlxnf ;lxt @ hgf
;b:o
!)= kmf]x/ ;+sng ul/g] If]qsf afl;Gbf dWo] ;ldltn]
tf]s]sf slDtdf ! dlxnf ;lxt @ hgf ;b:o
!!= gu/kflnsfsf jftfj/0f tyf kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg zfvf k|d'v ;b:o—;lrj
gu/kflnsfdf hgk|ltlglwx? g/x]sf] cj:yfdf
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIftf gu/kflnsfsf
sfo{sf/L clws[tn] ug{]5g\ . ;fy} of] ;ldlt
:yfkgf gx'Gh]n ;Ddsf nflu gu/kflnsfn] g}
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DalGw ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug{]5 .
v_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7s ;fdfGotof #
dlxgfdf Psk6s a:g]5 . t/ cfjZostf dx;';
ePdf h'g;'s} a]nf klg af]nfpg ;lsg]5 .
u_ a}7s cWoIfsf] cfb]zn] ;b:o ;lrjn] af]nfpg]5.
3_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vof sDtLdf
%! k|ltzt ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf a}7ssf]
u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg] 5 . a}7ssf] lg0f{o
cWoIfn] k|dfl0ft ug{' kg{]5 .
(= Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
s_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf nflu cfjlws tyf aflif{s
of]hgfx? th{'df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, d"NofÍg / ;dLIff
ug{] .
v_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf nflu r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd
tyf tflndx? ;+rfng ug{] .
u_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g / lgodn]] lbPsf clwsf/ k|of]u
u/L cfjZos sfo{ ug{] .
3_ gu/kflnsf If]qnfO{ k"0f{ ;/;kmfO{ o'Qm If]q agfpg kxn
ug{] .
ª_ kmf]x/nfO{ >f]td} tyf Joj:yfkg s]Gb|df ;d]t juL{s/0f
ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
r_ juL{s[t kmf]x/ dWo] cUof{lgs kmf]x/af6 sDkf]i6 dn,
Knfli6shGo kmf]x/af6 x:tsnfsf ;fdu|L tyf cGo
k|fs[lts kmf]x/nfO{ 3R (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle)
sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ug{] .
5_ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgdf qmdzM :oflg6/L Nof08lkmN8sdf]
cjwf/0ff cg';f/ sfo{ ug{] .
h_ Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6 lglZrt ;dokl5 el/g] x'Fbf el/Psf
;fO6x?nfO{ kfs{, pBfg, uf8{]g cflbsf ?kdf ljsf;
ug{] tyf a}slNks Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6x?sf] vf]hL u/L
ltgLx?sf] ;Defjgfsf] cWoog ug{] .
em_ kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgdf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lghL If]q /
;d'bfox?sf] ;+nUgtf a9fpg cfjZos sfo{ ug{] .
`_ Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6 nufotsf If]qx?sf] ;/;kmfO{df ljz]if
Wofg lbg] .
6_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos kg{] ;|f]t ;fwg /
hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf ug{] .
7_ Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6sf] k|efljt If]q klxrfg u/L ToxfFsf
afl;Gbfx?sf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{] .
8_ Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6nfO{ k|b'if0fz'Go agfpg k|of; ub{}
To;sf gsf/fTds k|efjx?nfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
9_ h}ljs kmf]x/af6 sDkf]i6 afof]Uof; Pj+ dn agfpg] tyf
Knfli6s, wft' cflbnfO{ k'gM k|of]u ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf
ug]{ .
0f_ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ko{6g k|a4{gsf] dfWod agfpg
cfjZos sfo{x? ug{] .
t_ ;f]em} Nof08lkmN8;Dd Nofpg sl7gfO{ x'g] / nfut a9L
x'g] ePdf kmf]x/sf] c:yfoL Joj:yfkgsf nflu 6«fG;km/
:6];gsf] Joj:yf ug{] .
y_ kmf]x/af6 afof]UofF; h:tf a}slNks phf{ pTkfbg ug{]
tkm{ cfjZos kxn / Joj:yf ug{] .
b_ kmf]x/af6 hg:jf:Yodf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds c;/
Go"lgs/0fsf nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
w_ kmf]x/ ;+sng / Joj:yfkgsf] k|efj If]q lj:tf/ tyf
;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/sf nflu cfjZos sfo{ ug{] .
g_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf nufOPsf] z'Nssf] ;dLIff ub{]
To;df ;dof]lrt k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] .
k_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg laifout
;ldltsf] u7g ug{] .
!)= pk;ldlt jf sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg]
!= ;ldltn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg,
sfo{ ;'rf? ?kn] ;Dkfbg ug{sf nflu cfjZostf
cg';f/ laifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljz]if1, gu/kflnsf
sfof{nosf ljleGg zfvfsf k|d'v, k|efljt If]qsf 6f]n
ljsf; ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;]jf
If]qsf 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3,
j8f gful/s d~rsf k|ltlglw ;d]t /x]sf] a9Ldf &
;b:oLo pk;ldlt jf sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@= a'Fbf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t pk;ldlt jf sfo{bnsf] sfd,
st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-s_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf hg;xeflutf h'6fpg
kxn ug{] .
-v_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg
ug{] .
-u_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] lbuf] / k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;dGjo
ug{] .
-3_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t
;fwgsf] vf]hL ug{] .
-ª_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg If]qsf nflu ;Defljt
j}slNks :yfgsf] vf]hL ug{] .
-r_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu lghL If]q, gful/s
;dfh, ;d'bfo, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf;Fu ;xsfo{
/ ;fem]bf/L ug{ ;Defjgfx?sf] vf]hL ug{] .
!!= ;ldltsf cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .
s_ a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{] .
v_ a}7s af]nfpg ;lrjnfO{ lgb{]zg lbg] .
u_ a}7sdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{], k|:tfj k]z ug{] u/fpg] .
3_ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 ug{] tyf sfdsf]
cfjZos ;dGjo ug{] .
ª_ s]Gb|sf nflu ljlQo tyf ef}lts ;|f]t h'6fpg] /
kl/rfng ug{] .
r_ s]Gb|sf lg0f{ox? ;fj{hlgs u/L kf/blz{tf sfod u/fpg].
5_ s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 cGo lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj ug{] u/fpg] .
h_ s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 cGo lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj ug{] u/fpg] .
em_ s]Gb|sf] of]hgf th{'df tyf :jLs[t ug{ u/fpg cfjZos
sf/jfxL ug{] u/fpg] .
`_ s]Gb|sf sfdsf] cg'udg d"Nof+sg ug{] u/fpg] .
!@= ;b:o ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
;b:o ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
s_ cWoIfsf] cfb]zfg';f/ a}7s af]nfpg] . cWoIf;Fusf]
;Nnfxdf 5nkmnsf] laifoj:t'x? tof/ u/L lg0f{ofy{
a}7sdf k]z ug{] .
v_ a}7ssf] lg0f{o n]Vg], s]Gb|sf ;a} sfuhft lhDdf lng] .
u_ s]Gb|;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgfx?, tYof+s tyf clen]v
cBfjlws ug{] .
3_ s]Gb|sf k|zf;lgs tyf cGo b}lgs sfo{x? ug{] .
ª_ s]Gb|sf] sfo{qmd th{'df, :jLs[lt / sfof{Gjogsf nflu
cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{] .
r_ sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug{] u/fpg] .
5_ s]Gb|sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug{] u/fpg] .
!#= ;b:osf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
;b:osf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
s_ a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ 5nkmndf ;lqmotfk"j{s efu lng].
v_ cWoIfsf] sfddf ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] .
u_ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k'/f ug{] .
3_ a}7sdf lg0f{odf k'Ug dtbfg ug{'kg{] eP dtbfg ug{] .
ª_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{
;xof]u k'/\ofpg] .
r_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo sfo{x? ug{] .
kl/R5]b – #
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf lghL tyf ;fd'bflos If]qsf] ;+nUgtf
!$= cg'dlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] cg'dtL glnO{ s;}n] klg ;f]
If]qsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfd ug{ jf u/fpg
kfpg] 5}g .
@= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ rfxg] :jb]zL jf ljb]zL
sDkgL, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfO{
cg'dtLsf] nflu ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfdf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{
5 .
s_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL of]hgf,
v_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfjZos hgzlQm tyf
k|ljlwsf] ljj/0f,
u_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] cGo ljj/0f,
#= o;/L kg{ cfPsf] lgj]bg pk/ ;DalGwt :yfgLo
lgsfon] cfjZos hfFra'em u/L cg'dtLkq lbg ;Sg]5 .
$= kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg, k'gMrlqmo k|of]u k|zf]wg /
lj;{hgdf cfjZos kg{] k|ljlw :jb]zdf pknAw x'g
g;Sg] b]lvPdf To:tf] k|ljlw pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] s'g}
ljb]zL sDkgL, ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt
cjlwleq To:tf] k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug{] zt{df g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jLs[tL lnO{ a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] cg'dtLkq
lbg ;Sg]5 .
%= cg'dltkq ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg"gdf tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%= lghL If]qaf6 kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] sfd u/fpg ;lsg] M
gu/kflnsfn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cg'dlt k|fKt lghL If]qsf
sDkgL jf ;fd'bflos If]qaf6 k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ jf k"jf{wf/
;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf lghL nufgL ;DaGwL sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] s'g} k|lqmofsf] cjnDag u/L cfkm\gf] If]qsf]
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg u/fpg ;Sg]5 . kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ubf{
lghL If]qsf sDkgLsf] xsdf b]xfosf ;a} jf s'g} / ;fd'bflos
Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yfsf] xsdf b]xfosf s'g} sfd u/fpg
;lsg]5 .
s_ kmf]x/d}nf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4,
v_ kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng,
u_ kmf]x/d}nf 9'jfgL,
3_ kmf]x/d}nfsf] k|of]u, k'gM k|of]u, k'gMrqmLo k|of]u jf
k|zf]wg,
ª_ kmf]x/d}nf lj;h{g,
r_ aGb kZrft\ Joj:yfkg
!^= k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf lbg] M
!= gu/kflnsfn] lghL If]q jf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfaf6
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg u/fpFbf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L
k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ Joj:yfkssf] 5gf}6 u/L Joj:yfkg ug{]
lhDdf lbg' kg{]5 . o;/L kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkssf] 5gf}6
ubf{ b]xfosf cfwf/df ug{' kg{]5 .
s_ gu/kflnsfnfO{ a'emfpg sa'n u/]sf] /sd,
v_ kmf]x/d}nfaf6 pmhf{ zlQm pTkfbg ug{] jf k|fª\ufl/s dn
pTkfbg ug{] Ifdtf, k"FhL, k|ljlw / hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf,
u_ cfly{s tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf,
3_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf ckgfpg k|:tfj ul/Psf]
k|ljlwsf] lbuf]kgf tyf jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0f,
ª_ Joj:yfkg s/f/ ug{] eP k|:tfj ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg
z'Ns,
r_ kmf]x/d}nfsf] k|of]u, k|zf]wg jf k'gM k|of]u ug{] ;DaGwdf
eP gu/kflnsfnfO{ a'emfpg dGh'/ ul/Psf] /f]oN6L,
@= af]nkq ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
#= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf kfPsf] sDkgL ;+:yf jf
lgsfon] gu/kflnsf;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tf cwLgdf /xL
z'Ns p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
!&= kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg :yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt
lbg ;lsg] M
!= lghL If]qaf6 kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg :yn k|zf]wg jf cGo ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L
;~rfng ug{ :jLs[lt dfu u/]df jftfj/0f tyf cGo
k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL To:tf] ;+oGq lgdf{0f tyf
;~rfngsf nflu a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] lbg ;Sg]5 .
@= o;/L lghL If]qaf6 kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;+oGqsf]
lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ubf{ tf]lsPsf] jftfj/0fLo
dfkb08sf] kfngf eP jf gePsf] cg'udg a]bsf]6
gu/kflnsfn] ug{]5 .
#= cg'udg ubf{ :jLs[t dfkb08sf] kfngf u/]sf] gkfOPdf
To:tf] dfkb08 kfngfsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf ug{
;dofjlw tf]lslbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] ;dofjlwdf klg
dfkb08sf] kfngfsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf gu/]df
To:tf] JolQm jf sDkgLsf] :jLs[tL a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn]
/4 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!*= ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] M
!= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL
lghL If]q ;fd'bflos Pj+ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yf;Fusf]
;fem]bf/Ldf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@= a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] ;fd'bflos Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+3,
;+:yf;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf kmf]x/d}nf Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
hgr]tgf clea[l4, kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng, 9'jfgL, kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg :ynsf] aGb kZrft\ Joj:yfkg, pBfg lgdf{0f
/ ;f}GboL{s/0f h:tf sfo{ dfq ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b – $
cfly{s Joj:yfkg
!(= sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
s_ a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
sfd gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ljz]if
sf]ifaf6 sfo{ ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
v_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{sf nflu egL x/]s
gu/kl/ifb\af6 cfjZos /sd jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg
ljz]if sf]ifdf ljlgof]hg ul/g]5 .
u_ sf]ifdf gu/kflnsfn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{sf nflu
kl/ifb\af6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] /sd, ;/;kmfO{ z'Ns jfkt
gu/jf;Laf6 k|fKt /sd, g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g]
/sd, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?af6 ;f] sfo{sf nflu /flvg] /sd
tyf cGo ?kdf sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] /sd /xg]5 .
3_ gu/ If]qdf ptkfbg x'g] kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg /
hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug{] sfo{qmdsf nflu pQm /sd vr{
ul/g]5 .
ª_ jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ljz]if sf]ifsf] /sd s'g} a}+sdf
Pp6f 5'§} vftf vf]nL hDdf ul/g]5 .
r_ jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ljz]if sf]ifsf vftf ;+rfng
gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t / cfly{s
k|zf;g zfvf k|d'vsf] ;+o'Qm b:tvtaf6 x'g]5 .
5_ sf]ifsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/kflnsfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{]
Joj:yf cg';f/ x'g]5 .
h_ sf]ifsf] cfly{s Joj:yf o; lgb{]lzsfdf tf]lsPsf] s'/fdf
o;} lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd / cGo s'/fsf] xsdf :yfgLo
lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ nufot
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@)= cGo If]qdf vr{ ug{ gldNg] M
sf]ifdf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd
;f]xL k|of]hg afx]s cGo sfo{df vr{ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@!= a}7s eQf M
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7sdf efu lng] kbflwsf/L tyf
;b:ox?n] gu/kflnsfsf ;b:on] kfP ;/xsf] a}7s eQf
kfpg]5g .
@@= gu/ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug{] M
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? gu/kflnsfsf]
cfjlws tyf aflif{s of]hgfx? gu/ ljsf; of]hgfdf ;dfj]z
ug{'kg{]5 .
@#= hfFrkf; tyf km/kmf/s M
sf]ifaf6 ;~rfng ul/Psf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL
sfo{x?sf] hfFrkf; km/kmf/s Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7saf6
ul/g] 5 .
kl/R5]b – %
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg
@$= kmf]x/d}nfsf] pTkfbs sd ug{] M
!= s'g} JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] s'g} sfd sf/f]af/ ubf{
pTkGg x'g] kmf]x/d}nf oyfzfSo sd ug{ kg{]5 .
@= cfkm\gf] If]qleq la;h{g x'g ;Sg] kmf]x/d}nfsf] la;h{g
jf k'gM k|of]usf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ afFsL kmf]x/d}nf dfq
lgisfzg u/L kmf]x/d}nfsf] kl/df0fnfO{ 36fpg' k|To]s
JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M æcfkm\gf] If]qÆ eGgfn] lghL 3/ sDkfp08,
cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] kl/;/, c:ktfn jf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf]
kl/;/, cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf] kl/;/ nufot kmf]x/d}nf
pTkfbg ug{] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] kl/;/nfO{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
@%= kmf]x/d}nfsf] ;+sng ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug{'kg{] M
s_ gu/kflnsfn] kmf]x/d}nf lgisfzgsf] ;do, :yfg /
tl/sf lgwf{/0f ubf{ kmf]x/d}nf 9'jfgL, k|zf]wg / clGtd
lj;h{gsf nflu ;lhnf] x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug{' kg{]5 .
v_ gu/kflnsfn] k|zf]wg :yndf n}hfg' kg] kmf]x/d}nfsf
nflu 5'§} ;do, :yfg / tl/sf lgwf{/0f ubf{ hg:jf:Yo
tyf jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] k|lts'n k|efj / To;sf]
Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg{]5 .
@^= kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg tyf lgisfzg ;DaGwL M
s_ k|To]s 3/, k;n, Joj;flos k|lti7fg, ;fj{hlgs
k|lti7fg, lzIffno, sfof{no, wfld{s :yn, ;fj{hlgs
:yn tyf kl/;/ cflbaf6 pTkfbg x'g] 3/]n' tyf
gu/hGo kmf]x/nfO{ lgisfzg k"j{ h}ljs (Organic) /
ch}ljs (Inorganic) u/L 5'6\ofpg] / cnu ef8f]df /fVg
nufpg] Joj:yfnfO{ clgjfo{ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{]5 .
o;/L gu/kflnsfn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd kmf]x/d}nfnfO{
;|f]td} 5'6\ofO{ ;+sng s]Gb|;Dd k'/\ofpg] bfloTj To:tf]
kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg ug{] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] x'g]5 /
o;sf] nflu gu/kflnsfn] cfjZos k|ljlw, dfn;fdfg,
pks/0f, s06]g/ cflb pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
v_ o;/L cnu cnu /flvPsf kmf]x/x?nfO{ a]bsf]6 gkfn]
tf]s]sf] lbg, ;do / :yfgdf dfq lgisfzg ug{'kg{]5 .
lbg, ;do / :yfg tf]s]sf] ;"rgf a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn]
lgoldt ?kdf ;+rf/ dfWodx? dfkm{t hfgsf/L
u/fpg]5. ;fy} ;DalGwt j8f sfof{noaf6 klg o;
;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
u_ 3/]n' kmf]x/ pTkfbgdf sdL Nofpg j8f sfof{nosf]
;+of]hgdf :yfgLo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, j8f gful/s d~r
tyf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf hg:t/df gful/s
;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 .
3_ a]bsf]6 gkf If]qleq ;+rfngdf /x]sf k|To]s 3/, ;+:yf,
Jofkfl/s Pj+ Joj;flos k|lti7fg tyf k;naf6 lg:sg]
kmf]x/ ;8sdf kmfNg jf lgisf;g ug{ k|ltaGw nufOPsf]
5 . To:tf] kmf]x/sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu kmf]x/ lgisf;g
stf{n] 5'§} kmf]x/ /fVg] efF8f]sf] aGbf]a:t u/L ;f]xL
efF8f]df kmf]x/ /fVg] / o;} lgb{]lzsfdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd dfq kmf]x/ lgisfzg ug{' kg{]5 .
ª_ kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ xflgsf/s, /;folgs / ljz]if kmf]x/df
juL{s/0f u/L To;nfO{ gld;fO{ lj;h{g ul/g]5 .
r_ xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nf jf /f;folgs kmf]x/d}nf pTkfbg
ug{] JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] To:tf] kmf]x/d}nf tf]lsP
adf]lhd Joj:yfkg ug{'kg{]5 . o:tf] kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng
s]Gb| jf :yfgfGt/0f s]Gb|df lgisfzg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@&= kmf]x/d}nf lgisf;g, ;+sng tyf lj;h{g ;DaGwL Joj:yf M
s_ kmf]x/ ;+sng sfo{sf nflu k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgx?n]
a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf :yfgx? jf tf]lsPsf
;+sng s]Gb|df tf]lsPsf] ;dodf dfq kmf]x/ lgisfzg
ug{' kg{]5 .
v_ a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] pNn]lvt ;do ;Ldf leq s'g}
lglZrt :yfgsf nflu lglZrt ;do tf]sL kmf]x/ ;+sng
ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L lglZrt ;do
tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd ug{' u/fpg' kg{]5 .
u_ kmf]xf]/ ;+sng ug{] ;jf/L ;fwg4f/f 9f]sf 9f]sfdf kmf]x/
;+sng ubf{ ;z'Ns ;]jfu|fxLsf] xsdf tf]lsPsf] ;do
;Ldfsf] @ ldg]6 ;Dd tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf kv{g ;Sg]5 .
kmf]x/ ;+sngsf nflu l/S;f jf ;jf/L ;fwg cfpFbf
;fO/g jf 306L ahfO{g]5 / ;fO/g jf 306L ah]sf]
;'Ggf;fy uf8L jf l/S;fdf kmf]x/ kmfNg'kg{]5 . To:tf]
l/S;f jf ;jf/L ;fwg s'g} Ps :yfgdf a9Ldf @ ldg]6
;Dd dfq /f]lsg]5 .
3_ c:ktfn, pBf]u jf cGoq st}af6 klg pTkfbg x'g]
xflgsf/s kmf]x/nfO{ cGo kmf]x/ ;+sng s]Gb| jf kmf]x/
;+sngdf k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwg jf l/S;fdf kmfNg
kfO{g] 5}g . To:tf kmf]x/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DalGwt
lgsfo cfkm}n] ug{' kg{]5 .
ª_ 3/, k;n, Joj;flos k|lti7fg, lzIffno, sfof{no
kl/;/ cflbaf6 lg:sg] h}ljs kmf]x/nfO{ ;s];Dd cfkm}n]
s'g} ljlw cjnDag u/L jf glhssf] ;fd'bflos
sDkf]li6Ë s]Gb| (Community composting Center) df
nflu sDkf]li6Ë ug{' kb{5 / ch}ljs kmf]x/ dWo] k'gM
k|of]u x'g] jf rlqmo k|of]u x'g] kmf]x/nfO{ 5'6\ofO{
glhssf] Community Recycle Center (CRC) jf
To:tf kmf]x/ vl/b ug{] s]Gb|df nuL a]Rg] / afFsL /xg
uPsf] kmf]x/dfq lgisfzg ug{] ug{'kb{5 .
@*= lghL sDkgL÷u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf÷;fd'bflos ;+:yfn] kfngf
ug{'kg{] st{Jo / bfloTj
s_ dfly plNnlvt lgb{]zgsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug{' u/fpg' a]bsf]6
gu/kflnsf If]qdf kg{] 3/, k;n, Joj;flos k|lti7fg,
;fj{hlgs k|lti7fg, lzIffno, sfof{no, wfld{s :yn,
;fj{hlgs :yn tyf kl/;/ cflbsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
v_ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ;DalGw sfdsf ;DaGwdf ;a} lghL
sDkgL, u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf]
hjfkmb]lxtf a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsf k|lt /xg]5 .
u_ a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] kmf]x/ ;+sng tyf
lgisfzg ;DaGwL ;dokfngf / cGo lgb]{zgx?sf]
kfngf ;Djlwt ;j}n] ug'{kg]{ 5 .
3_ a]bsf]6 gkfnfO{ z'Ns lt/L s'g} ;]jf lng] lghL sDkgL
jf ;fd'bflos jf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfn] ;dod}
lgodfg';f/ ltg{' a'emfpg' kg{]5;f] k|fjwfg ljk/Lt s;}n]
;dodf z'Ns ltg{] a'emfpg] sfd gu/]df To:tf] ;+:yf jf
JolQmnfO{ lbOPsf] ;]jf tTsfn aGb u/L lgh;Fu lng
afFsL /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
ª_ l/S;f jf uf8Laf6 kmf]x/ ;+sng ug{] lghL kmd{, sDkgL,
u}/;/sf/L ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yf cflbn] a]bsf]6
gu/kflnsfsf] :jLs[tL lagf ;f]em} gu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf]
;+sng s]Gb|df kmf]x/ kmfNg kfpg] 5}gg\ .
r_ s;}n] klg tf]s]]sf] ;fwg / ;dodf afx]s cl3 kl5
kmf]x/ lgisf;g u/]df, 5/k:6 agfPdf, gp7fPdf, 5b{}
nu]df, kmf]x/ af]Sg] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ g9fsL v'nf ?kdf
u'8fPdf, kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{] sd{rf/L jf ;+:yf jf
JolQm jf gful/snfO{ s'g} k|lts'n cj/f]w u/]df tTsfn
sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
5_ lghL If]qaf6 x'g] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] lgoldt
cg'udg tyf d'Nof+sg ul/g]5 .
h_ gu/kflnsfn] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZostf
cg';f/ ljleGg If]q lgwf{/0f u/L 5'§f5'§} kmf]x/ ;+sng
s]Gb| tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
em_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf g=kf=sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt,
;Demf}tf tyf cg'dtL a]u/ cGo s'g} klg JolQm jf
;+:yfn] sfo{ ug{ u/fpg kfpg]5}g .
@(= s;'/ M
o; lgb{]lzsf ljkl/t hyfeflj kmf]x/ kmfNg], ld;fpg] tyf kmf]x/
;+sng sfo{df cj/f]w k'/\ofpg] u/]df o; lgb{]lzsfsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu s;'/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
#)= b08 ;hfo ;DaGwL M
s_ kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf #* tyf o;
lgb{]lzsfdf pNn]v u/] adf]lhdsf] s;'/ u/]df To:tf] s;'/ ug{]
JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ gu/kflnsfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] b08 ;hfo
ug{]5 .
!= gu/kflnsfn] tf]lslbPsf] ;do / :yfg afx]s cGoq
kmf]x/d}nf lgisf;g ug{]nfO{ klxnf] k6s eP ?=%))).
;Ddsf] hl/jfgf, bf];|f] rf]6L ug{]nfO{ ?=%))). b]lv
?=!)))) ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf / ;f] eGbf a9L u/]df k6s}
lkR5] ?=!%))) hl/jfgf .
@= sG6]g/ jf kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng s]Gb|df /flvPsf] kmf]x/d}nf
cgflws[t tj/n] k|of]u ug{]nfO{ k6s}lkR5] ?=%)). b]lv
?=%))) ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#= >f]td} kmf]x/d}nfsf] k[ysLs/0f gu/L P]gsf] bkmf ^ sf]
ljkl/t kmf]x/d}nf ld;fP/ lgisf;g ug{]nfO{ k|To]s k6s
?=%)). ;Dd hl/jfgf .
$= ;8s k]6L gfnfdfly Joj;fo -/]i6'/]G6, df5f, df;', ;AhL
k;n, r6k6], 3'kr'k, js{;k cflb_ ;~rfng ug{]nfO{
k6s}lk5] ?=!))). b]lv ?=%))). ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf Pj+
lglZrt ;do leq ;f] aGb ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] .
%= 7f]; kmf]x/ tyf zf}rfnohGo kmf]x/-lbzf, lk;fa, efG;f3/sf]
kmf]x/ cflb_ ;8s gfnf, 9ndf ld;fpg] sfo{ ug{]nfO{
k6s}lkR5] ?=!))). b]lv ?=%))). ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf Pj+
lglZrt ;do leq ;f] aGb ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] .
^= xflgsf/s kmf]x/ kmfnL/fVg] egL tf]lsPsf] :yfg afx]s
kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng s]Gb|,sG6]g/ jf kmf]x/d}nf y'kfg{] 7fpFdf
s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xflgsf/s kbfy{ kmfNg], /fVg] jf
y'kfg{]nfO{ k6s}lk5] ?=%))). b]lv ?=!%))) ;Ddsf]
hl/jfgf / To;sf] s;'/af6 s'g} Iflt eO{ ;s]sf] /x]5 eg]
;f] a/fa/sf] Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t e/fpg ;Sg] .
&= d/]sf jf d/]sf kz'k+IfL / ;f]sf] nfbL, KjfFv, x8\8L tyf
df5fsf] sTnf cflb kmf]x/nfO{ tf]s]sf] :yfg afx]sdf /fv]df
k6s}lk5] ?=%))). b]lv ?=!%))) ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf .
*= 3/, sDkfp08 tyf kl/;/sf] kmf]x/d}nf ;8s jf cGo
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf /fVg], kmfNg] u/]df, kmf]x/af6 lg:s]sf]
b'lift kfgL jf 9n r'xfO{ cGo JolQmsf] 3/ hUuf k|b'lift
u/fpg]nfO{ k6s}lk5] ?=%))) b]lv ?=!%))) ;Ddsf]
hl/jfgf .
(= ;8s, k]6L, gfnf OTofbLdf lgdf{0fhGo ;fdu|L y'kf/L af6f],
k]6L cj?4 u/]df k6s}lk5]] ?=%))). b]lv ?=!)))) ;Dd
hl/jfgf u/L rf}la; 306f leq ;f] ;fdu|L x6fpg] cfb]z
lbg;Sg] .
!)= kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng s]Gb|df /flvPsf] sG6]g/ tf]8kmf]8 ug{],
k'/\ofpg], /flvPsf] :yfgaf6 x6fpg] jf ;+sng s]Gb|df s'g}
gf]S;fgL k'/\ofpg]nfO{ ?=!%))) b]lv %)))) ;Ddsf]
hl/jfgf .
!!= o; P]g adf]lhd cg'dtL glnO{ ;/;kmfO{sf] sfo{nfO{
k6s}lk5] ?=!%))) b]lv ?=%)))) ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf .
!@= o; P]g adf]lhd ;/;kmfO{sf] nflu ul/Psf] cg'dlt kqdf
plNnlvt ;t{x? pNn+3g ug{]nfO{ ?=!%))) b]lv %))))
;Ddsf] hl/jfgf .
!#= gu/kflnsfn] tf]lsPsf] 7fpF afx]s hg :jf:Yodf k|lts'n
c;/ kg{] u/L ;8s jf cGo ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf s'g} klg
lsl;dsf] xfgLsf/s, /fVg],kmfNg], y'kfg{] jf lgisfg ug{]nfO{
?=#)))) b]lv %)))) ;Dd hl/jfgf .
!$=/;folgs kmf]x/d}nf, cf}Bf]lus kmf]x/d}nf, :jf:Yo ;+:yfhGo
kmf]x/d}nf jf xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nf hyfefjL kmfNg], /fVg] jf
lgisf;g ug{] jf u/fpg]nfO{ ?=%),))). b]lv ?=!,)),))).
;Ddsf] hl/jfgf, ;f]xL s;'/ k'gM u/]df klxnf] k6s u/]sf]
hl/jfgfsf] bf]Aa/ hl/jfgf u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
cg'dtL /4 ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg
;Sg] .
!%= cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg jf :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] pBf]u jf :jf:Yo
;+:yfaf6 lg:sg] xflgsf/s kmf]x/d}nf hyfefjL kmfNg], /fVg]
jf lgisf;g ug{] jf u/fpg]nfO{ ?=%),))). b]lv
?=!,)),))). ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf ;f]xL s;'/ k'gM u/]df klxnf]
k6s u/]sf] hl/jfgfsf] bf]Aa/ hl/jfgf u/L k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd cg'dtL /4 ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL
k7fpg ;Sg] .
!^= P]gsf] bkmf $$ ljkl/t /;folgs laiffbLsf] cfoft ug{] jf
Dofb gf3]sf] cf}ifwL gi6 ug{] lhDd]jf/L k'/f gug{]nfO{
?=%),))). b]lv !,)),))). ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf .
!&= ;f]xL s;'/ k'gM u/]df klxnf] k6s u/]sf] hl/jfgfsf] bf]Aa/
hl/jfgf u/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cg'dtL /4 ug{sf]
nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg] .
v_kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf #( adf]lhd k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Ln] lgDg adf]lhd s;'/df lgDg adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!= kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng 9'jfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{df afwf cj/f]w
>[hgf ug{]nfO{ ?=!),))). b]lv ?=%),))). ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf
jf !% lbg b]lv # dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] .
@= kmf]x/d}nf ;+sng, 9'jfgL tyf clGtd lgisf;g :yndf
cj/f]w aGb, 3]/fp ug{] jf ;/;kmfO{ ;DalGwt sfo{df
x8tfn ug{]nfO{ ?=!),))). b]lv ?=%),))). ;Ddsf]
hl/jfgf jf !% lbg b]lv # dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo ug{
;Sg] .
#= kmf]x/d}nf cToflws pTkfbg x'g] j:t' egL g]kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L k|ltaGw nufPsf] s'g}
j:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf ljqmL ljt/0f ug{]nfO{ ?=%))) b]lv
?=!)))) ;Ddsf] hl/jfgf jf # dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j}
;hfo ug{ ;Sg] .
u_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gsf] bkmf !^%-!_ -u_ tyf -r_ adf]lhd
gu/kflnsfn] b]xfo adf]lhd s;'/df b]xfo adf]lhd b08 hl/jfgf
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!= gu/kflnsf If]qleq lglb{i6 :yfgdf kmf]x/d}nf gkmfnL
htftt} kmfn]df To:tf] kmf]x/d}nf x6fpg nfUg] vr{ ;d]t
;DalGwt JolQmaf6 c;'n u/L kGw| xhf/ hl/jfgf ug{
;Sg]5 .
@= s;}n] cfkm\gf] 3/, l5d]sLsf] 3/, cfFug, rf]sdf kmf]x/d}nf
kmfn]df jf jftfj/0f b'u{lGwt x'g] sfo{ u/]df gu/kflnsfn]
kGw| xhf/ ?k}ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf u/L To:tf] xfgL gf]S;fgLsf]
lauf] ;DalGwt JolQm l;t c;'n pk/ ug{ jf ;flas
cj:yfdf tof/ ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b – ^ljljw
#!= lrlsT;f If]qsf] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg M
gu/kflnsfaf6 tf]lsPsf] clws[t jf cg'udgstf{ jf ;ldltn]
lrlsT;f If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] IEE / EIA sf] jftfj/0fLo
k|s[of k'/f u/]sf] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em / lg/LIf0f ug{]5 .
#@= ljz]if sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg] M
gu/kflnsfn] kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg cg'udgsf] sfo{ Pj+ o;
;DaGwdf ePsf cfb]z adf]lhd b08 ;hfo sfof{Gjog ug{ ljz]if
sfo{bn u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
##= u|fxs sf8{ nfu" ug{] M
s_gu/ If]qsf Joj;foLx?n] Joj;fo gljs/0f ug{ cfpFbf gljs/0f u/fpg'
k"j{ Pj+ gofF k;n Joj;fo btf{ ubf{s} ;dodf gu/kflnsf jf kmf]x/ p7fpg]
lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] JolQm, kmd{ jf ;+:yfaf6 u|fxs sf8{ clgjfo{ ?kdf lnPsf]
x'g' kg{]5 .
v_o:tf] u|fxs sf8{ lnPsf] glnPsf] jftfj/0f tyf kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg
zfvfaf6 hfFra'em u/L To:tf] u|fxs sf8{ lnPsf] k|dfl0ft ul/lbP kZrft
dfq Joj;fo gljs/0f ul/g]5 .
u_gu/kflnsfaf6 k|bfg ug{] cj:yfdf o:tf] sf8{ jftfj/0f tyf kmf]x/d}nf
Joj:yfkg zfvfn] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
#$= dfly ljleGg v08df pNn]lvt s;'/ ug{] JolQmnfO{ tf]lsPsf] b08
;hfo hl/jfgf / s}b e'Qmfg gug{] JolQm, ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd
sf/jfxL ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
s_ b08 ljleGg / ;hfo tf]Sg' cl3 ;fdfGo s;'/df klxnf]
k6s r]tfjgL jf ;r]t u/fpg ;lsg] .
v_ a]bsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] pknAw u/fpg] s'g} ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]
cltl/Qm ljB't tyf 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf /f]Ssf ul/lbg tyf lghsf]
gfdsf] 3/ hUuf laqmL /f]Ssf ug{sf] nflu gu/kflnsfn]
;DalGwt lgsfodf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 . t/ o;/L n]vL
k7fpg' cl3 ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f] ;DaGwdf lnlvt ?kdf
hfgsf/L lbg' kg{]5 . o;/L n]vL cfPdf To:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf
/f]Sg' ;DalGwt lgsfosf] st{Jo x'g]5 o:tf] ;]jf /f]Sg] jf
aGb ug{ ;lsg]5 .
u_ ;]jf k|bfos lghL sDkgL, kmd{, u}/;/sf/L÷;fd'bflos ;+:yf
ePdf ;]jf aGb]h ug{] / To:tf ;+:yfnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg
;lsg] 5 .
#%= lgb{]lzsfsf] ;+zf]wg M
o; lgb{]lzsfnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df gu/kl/ifbaf6 :jLs[t u/L ;+zf]wg ug{
;lsg]5 .
#^= arfp / vf/]hL M
s_ o; lgb{]lzsfdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ePdf ;f] ;+zf]wg eGbf cl3
lgb{]lzsf adf]lhd ePsf sfo{df s'g} c;/ kg{]5}g .
v_ of] lgb{]lzsfsf s'g} Joj:yf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] Joj:yf;Fu
afFlemg uPdf afFlemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
cf1fn]
e'kfn l;+x sfsL{
lg= k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t