ABS and Affiliated Companies

Safety Manual

Re-edition No. 1

September 2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 4

Section 1: ABS Safety Policies and Safety Organization ......................................................................................... 4

1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Policy Statement .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3. ABS Policy .............................................................................................................................................. 6

Section 2: Assignment of Responsibility - ABS Safety Organization ....................................................................... 7

2.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Discussion.............................................................................................................................................. 7

2.3 Responsibility ........................................................................................................................................ 7

Section 3: Safety & Health Training - Occupational Safety & Health Training ...................................................... 10

3.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................... 10

3.4 Records ............................................................................................................................................... 12

Section 4: Safety Policy Communications – Occupational Safety and Health Communication Program .............. 13

4.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Discussion............................................................................................................................................ 13

4.3 Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................... 13

Section 5: Work Sites - Hazard in Various Work Environments and Confined Space Entry .................................. 15

5.1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 15

5.2 Discussion............................................................................................................................................ 15

5.3 Responsibility ...................................................................................................................................... 15 5.4 Access To Structures and Vessel Transfer ............................................................................................. 16

5.5 Confined Space Entry Policies .............................................................................................................. 20

5.6 Use of Respiratory Equipment.............................................................................................................. 25

5.7 Smoking............................................................................................................................................... 25

PART 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 26

Section 6: Accident Investigation, Reporting, Evaluation and Control ................................................................. 26

6.1 Basic Accident Investigation and Reporting Technique ......................................................................... 26

6.2. Occupational Mishap Investigation and Reporting Procedures ............................................................. 27

6.3. Safety Performance – Reporting Flow Chart ......................................................................................... 31

Section 7 – Corrective Actions.............................................................................................................................. 32

7.1. Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 32

7.2. Discussion............................................................................................................................................ 32 7.3. Action .................................................................................................................................................. 32

7.4. Corrective and Preventative Actions .................................................................................................... 32

Section 8: Driver Safety Policy............................................................................................................................. 33

8.1. Driver Safety Training & Vehicle Reports .............................................................................................. 33

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8.2. Driver Safety Training .......................................................................................................................... 33

8.3. Motor Vehicle or Driving Reports ......................................................................................................... 33

8.4. Safety Restraints and Warning Devices................................................................................................. 33

8.5. Wireless Communication Device Usage ................................................................................................ 34 8.6. Tobacco Use ........................................................................................................................................ 34

8.7. Steps to Take Following a Vehicle Accident (for U.S. based personnel).................................................. 34

8.8. Steps to Take Following a Vehicle Accident (for Non-U.S. based personnel) .......................................... 35

Section 9: Office Safe Practices and Lifting Techniques ....................................................................................... 36

9.1. Office Safe Practices ............................................................................................................................ 36

9.2. Lifting Techniques ................................................................................................................................ 38

PART 3 .............................................................................................................................................. 40

Appendix 1: IACS Joint Statement on Safety For Surveyors ................................................................................. 40

Appendix 2: Reserved for Future Use .................................................................................................................. 43

Appendix 3: Malaria Control Program ................................................................................................................. 44

Appendix 4: Hazards Evaluation & Control .......................................................................................................... 51

Hazards Encountered in Confined Spaces ......................................................................................................... 52

Form No. 1 - Safety Orientation Checklist ............................................................................................................ 66

Form No. 2 - Acknowledgement........................................................................................................................... 67

Form No. 3 - Report of Work Related Injury/Illness ............................................................................................. 68

Form No. 4 - Confined Space Checklist ................................................................................................................. 71

Revision History ................................................................................................................................................... 73

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Part 1

Section 1: ABS Safety Policies and Safety Organization

1.1 Introduction

ABS maintains offices worldwide in support of its mission “to serve the public interest as well as the needs of its clients by promoting the security of life and property and preserving the natural environment.” The underlying foundation of this mission statement is the commitment of the senior management team of ABS to promote the awareness of the health and safety to its personnel. It is for this purpose that this manual has been developed. This manual provides general work-safety, hazardous assessment, and control guidelines for ABS and ABS Group employees as applicable, to apply in the environments under which they will work. This manual is applicable to ABS and its affiliated companies (ABS Group of Companies Inc.). The ABS Group has issued its specific Safety Manual that is hereby referenced as a supplementary part of this ABS Safety Manual. ABS is comprised of five major operating Divisions: ABS Americas, ABS Europe, ABS Pacific, ABS Greater China and ABS Nautical Systems; and an affiliated company, ABS Group of Companies, Inc. The operating Divisions and affiliated companies perform the duties of a service organization providing technical and inspection services to the shipping, shipbuilding and repair, construction, petroleum exploration and recovery, and allied industries as well as light and heavy manufacturing, foundries, forges, machining and similar activities. In all cases, the services of ABS are exclusively advisory and it does not otherwise participate in the activities of its clients in any way. For the purposes of this manual, the term “ABS personnel” shall include ABS and ABS Group personnel, personnel of affiliated companies, contractors, and temporary workers who perform work on behalf of ABS. Newly hired and contracted ABS personnel shall read, prior to commencing active employment, the ABS Safety Manual and acknowledge that they have read it by signing and submitting the applicable acknowledgement form. All ABS personnel shall read the ABS Safety Manual annually by March 1st, or after each revision of the Safety Manual, and acknowledge that they have read it by signing and submitting the acknowledgement form electronically. (Visit the HSE website on MyEagle and locate HSE News and Updates on the home page. Next locate the announcement header for the latest release of the Safety Manual. Click to review and follow posted instructions.) ABS personnel who do not have network access should use the form found at the end of this manual. The governance of the administration and implementation of the ABS Safety and Health Program resides with the Corporate Safety Committee and Sub-Committee whose members are as follows: ABS Corporate Safety Committee: Safety Committee Chairman ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABS Chairman Safety Committee Vice Chairman --------------------------------------------------------- ABS President & CEO Safety Committee 2nd Vice Chairman --------------------------------- ABS Executive Vice President & COO Occupational Health & Safety Department ---------------------------- ABS Corporate OH&S Vice President Class Corporate Liaison --------------------------------------------------- ABS SV-President & Chief Surveyor

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Human Resources Corporate Liaison ------------------------------------- ABS V-President Human Resources Safety Committee Administrator ---------------------------------------- ABS Corporate Safety Director (CSD) Risk Management Liaison -------------------------------------------------------------------- Legal Representative Engineering Liaison ---------------------------------------------------------- ABS V-President & Chief Engineer Americas Division ----------------------------------------------------------- ABS Americas Divisional President Europe Division ----------------------------------------------------------------- ABS Europe Divisional President Pacific Division ------------------------------------------------------------------ ABS Pacific Divisional President Greater China Division ------------------------------------------------- ABS Greater China Divisional President Affiliated Companies Liaison --------------------------------------------------- President & CEO of ABS Group Affiliated Companies Liaison ---------------------------------------------------------- ABS Group HSE Manager Assistant - Scribe --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Designated by CSD ABS Corporate Safety Sub-Committee: Division Safety Directors (DSDs) ----------------------------------------- Divisional Assistant Chief Surveyors Offshore Liaisons ------------------------------------- Offshore Chief Surveyor and Assistant Chief Surveyors Naval Programs Safety Director ----------------------------------- Assistant Chief Surveyor – Naval Programs Human Resources Liaison ----------------------------------------------- Human Resources Divisional Directors Sub-Committee Administrator ------------------------------------------- ABS Corporate Safety Director (CSD) Assistant - Scribe --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Designated by CSD

1.2. Policy Statement

ABS has always recognized the valuable contributions of its personnel to the overall successes of the organization. As such ABS is concerned with the safety and health of its personnel. It is the policy of ABS that its personnel are entitled to a safe and health work environment. It is our desire and intention to provide a safe workplace, safe equipment, proper materials, and to establish and insist upon safe methods and practices at all times. It is a basic responsibility for all of us to make the safety of everyone a part of our daily lives. Each person involved in the affairs of ABS must accept this responsibility; regardless of the function that he or she may perform. Senior management with the support of Human Resources is responsible for the administration of the safety and health program and ultimately accountable for its implementation. All managers and supervisors have primary responsibility for the safety of personnel and operations under their jurisdiction. The joint cooperation of employees and management in the observance of this policy will promote safer working conditions and accident free performance, both to our mutual advantage. In the pursuit of the maintenance of safe and healthful workplaces, and the protection of equipment and property, all ABS operations will continue to mandate compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local safety and health, fire protection, and environmental protection statutory and regulatory laws. We consider the safety and health of our personnel to be of the utmost importance and ask your full cooperation in making this policy and program truly effective.

ABS Chairman ABS President & ABS CEO

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1.3. ABS Policy

1.3.1 This manual is intended to provide ABS personnel involved in vessel inspections, industrial activities, and other types of fieldwork and office activities with information essential to the safe performance of their duties and the maintenance of their health. It is the policy of ABS that the safety and health of ABS personnel be the first consideration in the performance of their assignments. All full-time ABS exclusive Surveyors (not including contractors and temporary workers) who may be exposed to hazardous substances, as a consequence of their routine work assignments, are to participate in the company’s occupational medical monitoring program as prescribed in ABS’ Occupational Medical Surveillance Program (refer to MyEagle). As ABS personnel, you should know that the guidelines set forth in this Safety Manual are influenced by certain governmental and/or local regulatory administrations that have provided in-sight for the basic formulation of the safety instructions contained in this manual. This manual is intended to give ABS personnel information and an overview of hazards that may be present in their place of work. It is not intended to list or discuss all regulations or obligations imposed on employers by the various regulatory administrations having responsibility for safety and health in employment. Nothing in this manual is intended to replace or supersede any governmental or local authority's regulations or requirements for the implementation of or content of a premise safety plan, provided such plan is not less effective than the safety policies contained in the ABS Safety Manual. 1.3.2. Compliance with the provisions of this manual is mandatory for ABS personnel and personnel covered by Section 1.3 below in the performance of assigned tasks. Notice of failure to comply with the guidelines contained herein shall be referred to their Manager who shall notify the Corporate Safety Director. Should an incident occur that is determined to have been caused by behavior that is in violation of the ABS Safety Manual, disciplinary action may be taken. The level of action taken will be determined by the Corporate Safety Director in consultation with the ABS Corporate Safety Committee and based on the severity of the infraction. Disciplinary action may be up to and including termination. ABS personnel are encouraged to submit any material or suggestions relative to improving the occupational safety and health program to ABS Corporate Safety Director, via their Divisional Safety Director (DSD). 1.3.3. Any ABS personnel who is not routinely assigned to field duties, but may be required to occasionally make visits to Marine and Industrial sites shall comply with the guidelines set forth in this Safety Manual. For matters relating to safety and health, these persons shall report to the local ABS Staff Member in-Charge of the geographical area in which the work site is located. REFERENCES and APPLICABLE PROCEDURES:

ABS Safety Procedures:

- UWZ-030-99-P01 : ABS Safety Manual

- UWZ-030-99-P02 : ABS Safety General

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Section 2: Assignment of Responsibility - ABS Safety Organization

2.1 Purpose

To provide administrative controls and procedures to ensure that all ABS operating divisions or units are in compliance with national and local occupational safety and health management system requirements.

2.2 Discussion

This Safety Manual has been developed for all ABS’ operating divisions and affiliated companies and for the Corporate Office of ABS. The Corporate office has its principal office in Houston, Texas.

2.3 Responsibility

The ABS Corporate Occupational Health & Safety VP, working with the Corporate Safety Director (CSD) and the Manager for H&S for Group are charged with coordinating Company Safety Programs and safety training. Each division shall have a Division Safety Director (DSD). This person would normally be the Division Assistant Chief Surveyor. Each division shall also designate persons who must be normally available as Regional/District Safety Managers (R/DSM) for each region/district within the territory covered by this manual. The R/DSMs who will normally be DSD’s Designated Surveyors are to serve as a local point of contact and administer the safety program within his/her district/region, or the Senior Manager in charge of an office location, i.e., a non-survey operations field office or port. This person should normally be experienced and make periodic visits to the location where work is being performed. Assistance with communicating the concerns of this manual may be provided by or carried out by a Country Manager or Staff Member in-Charge as needed. The Divisional Director-Human Resources shall assist the DSD in the administration of the program and shall have the responsibility for maintaining Safety Records, Training Records and records of required physical examinations. The Divisional Director-Human Resources and the DSD shall meet monthly to review the administration and performance of the safety program and shall report to their Divisional Management Team any safety issues or recommendations for improvement as required. The Director of Training will meet regularly to coordinate with the CSD and with Corporate Safety Committee to ensure that the courses taught for Confined Space Safety Practices and Safety Awareness reflect the concerns of the committee and that the committee is aware of the most recent changes to applicable government or local safety regulations affecting the required content for safety courses being taught. The Corporate Safety Committee, whose members are listed on page 4-5, shall meet quarterly each year. The Divisional Safety Committee shall meet twelve (12) times each calendar year, approximately at monthly intervals, and shall consist of the Divisional Presidents, Divisional Safety Director (DSD), the Human Resources Liaison (HRL), and representation from the Regional/District Safety Managers (R/DSMs), as required. At the discretion of the Divisional President and the Divisional Safety Director, the number of members may be increased. Attendance by the CSD shall be on an as needed basis. The Staff Member in-Charge or Senior Manager in charge at each office or port location, and the Division Safety Director are responsible for ensuring that the concerns of this manual are passed to all

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staff members and for ensuring that staff members are working under safe conditions. The Staff Member in-Charge or Senior Manager should maintain a close dialogue with the R/DSM. As applicable to field operations, the ‘Surveyor’ in-charge (SIC) is responsible for the scheduling of training and physical examinations in liaison with the Director-Human Resources for all ABS personnel working in the field. Reporting of all occupational injuries or illnesses to Corporate Human Resources and to the CSD shall be a coordinated responsibility shared by the SIC or Senior Manager and each Divisional Director-Human Resources, using the ABS Safety Incident Report Form, available electronically and printable hard copy, from this Manual and from the applicable referenced procedure in the ABS Quality Management Documentation (QMX). The Corporate Director Human Resources Benefits, or a designated Human Resources Representative, shall be responsible for the maintenance and filing the OSHA 300 Log on an annual basis as required in the U.S. All other ABS staff members are individually responsible for their own safety and are required to bring any known or potential safety violations to the attention of their immediate supervisors. It is also desired that all staff members will adopt a healthy attitude towards their own physical and mental well-being. Surveyors, in particular, and all other employees whose main assignment is working in-the-Field are required to take an annual physical examination and are not expected to work while injured, fatigued, ill or sick requiring the use of medications or attention by a physician or doctor. It is the Surveyors’ and working in-the-Field employees’ responsibility to advise their Principal Surveyor (or Staff Member in-Charge) of any physical limitations which could endanger their well being while at the job site. Each person should use common sense and good judgment at all times. If you feel you are personally unsafe due to illness or being overtired, advise your Principal Surveyor (or Staff Member in-Charge) in order that arrangements may be made for you to take the time to recover, rest or correct the problem before proceeding with a job that may result in increased risk of injury or illness. All ABS personnel shall report to the local ABS Staff Member in-Charge (port field offices) or Senior Manager (administrative offices) of the geographic area in which the work site is located for matters relating to safety and health. The Senior Manager or ABS Staff Member in-charge of the work site is responsible for ensuring that the facility provides safe working conditions for all assigned ABS personnel. The Corporate Director-Human Resources Benefits and the Corporate General Counsel provide an oversight role to ensure that injury or illness claims are properly reported and filed with the respective workers compensation carrier or local disability insurance provider, and where required, will initiate an investigation of the incident by the R/DSM in cooperation with the DSD and with the CSD. Each Divisional Director-Human Resources will keep the divisional records up to date. ABS Risk Legal Representative will provide oversight and assistance with all areas of ABS’ safety management and safety training programs. Responsibilities will include periodic review of safety policies and procedures and a periodic review and evaluation of the company’s safety performance as evidenced by work-related injury claims. This Manual is for internal use only and is considered company confidential. Distribution to external sources is not promoted, however, it may be specially considered, upon consultation with the ABS Corporate Safety Director and ABS Legal Department. Request for external distribution is to be made via the ABS Corporate Safety Director.

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The ABS Occupational, Safety and Health Department has developed and implemented various procedures to make possible, upon the implementation of the Safety Program, its maintenance and verification of the ABS safety performance. Additionally, the ABS Corporate Safety Committee promotes the verification of the Safety Program implementation, by carrying out Safety Culture surveys, as deemed convenient. REFERENCES and APPLICABLE PROCEDURES:

ABS Safety Procedures:

- UWZ-030-99-P01 : ABS Safety Manual

- UWZ-030-99-P02 : ABS Safety General

- UWZ-030-99-P05 : Reporting, Control and Tracking of Unsafe Condition/Near Miss Incidents

- UWZ-030-99-P06 : Reporting, Control, Tracking and Investigation of Work Related

Illnesses/Accidents

- SWZ-030-99-P04 : Safety Audit (Offices/Site Offices)

- UWZ-030-99-P03 : Safety Audit (Surveyors/Auditors)

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Section 3: Safety & Health Training - Occupational Safety &

Health Training

3.1 Purpose

Accidents and injuries on-the-job normally do not "just" happen; they are typically the result of unsafe acts or conditions. The objectives of ABS Occupational Safety Training are: - To instruct personnel in the requirements of the job assignment. - To familiarize personnel with applicable Safety and Health Standards. - To instruct personnel with respect to Safety Procedures upon entering a client's premises. - To enable personnel to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions.

3.2 Background

Forming safe personal work habits and acquiring safety consciousness is the continuing responsibility of every person. Safety has been called a "state of mind". Safety is an individual responsibility and also an individual benefit.

3.3 Responsibility

Corporate Occupational Safety Training is the responsibility of the Corporate Safety Director (CSD). With the assistance of representatives from Human Resources and from ABS Learning Organization training will be given to personnel and training records maintained as appropriate to each job classification. 3.3.1 Personnel responsible for supervising, planning, attending, or conducting inspections in a shipyard or repair facility, terminal, industrial plant, construction site or mineral exploration or production facility shall be properly trained in their functional duties prior to independent field assignment. Training includes a mix of on-the-job training, workshops, and classroom instruction and includes as appropriate:

• Piping and Mechanical Systems

• Electrical Installations

• Boilers and Pressure Vessels

• Quality Assurance

• Steel Construction

• Corporate Administration

• Safety Procedures

• Hazardous Materials 3.3.2 Personnel responsible for planning or participating in confined space entry shall be trained in hazards and safety procedures. Training shall include:

• An explanation of the steps used to recognize, evaluate and control the hazards associated with confined spaces including oxygen deficient atmospheres, flammable and toxic atmospheres.

• The role of the Marine Chemist and the Shipyard Competent Person.

• The reasons for the use of proper personal protective equipment and other safety equipment and procedures required for confined space entry and exit. How to respond to emergencies.

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• A description of how to recognize probable air contamination from exposure symptoms in themselves or others and methods for alerting attendants.

Training in the proper use of atmospheric monitoring instruments including field calibration, basics of the work being performed, anticipated hazardous substances and any condition which could significantly alter the atmosphere within or outside the confined space. Form No. 4 of this Manual may be used for reference. 3.3.3 For Surveyors assigned to offshore work on a regular basis, prior to assignment of any surveyor flying by helicopter to attend a facility or unit offshore or where required by local law, the Surveyor-in-Charge or designee shall confirm that the assigned surveyor has current certification in HUET/BOSIET (Helicopter Underwater Egress Training/Basic Offshore Safety Instruction and Emergency Training) or the local equivalent, as appropriate. This requirement is mandatory for all surveyors traveling to Offshore Facilities or Units. Please refer to your supervisor for course scheduling information. For surveyors doing occasional trips to offshore, if trips planned to be done by helicopter, an online course on basic Helicopter Safety should be taken by the surveyor, prior to initiating the trips. 3.3.4 Awareness of potential health and safety hazards in an office environment is also important. Knowledge of how to control such hazards is critical to maintaining a safe and healthful work environment in the office. For this purpose, personnel who work an office environment should review the Code of Safe Practices and Lifting Techniques found in the Section 9 of this manual. ABS is committed to instructing personnel in safe and healthful work practices. To achieve this goal, we will provide training to personnel on general and specific safety procedures for each job. Training and instruction shall be provided per Section 2.3, Paragraph 2 and Section 3.3:

• To all new personnel

• To all personnel given new job assignments for which training has not previously been received

• Whenever new substances, processes, procedures, or equipment are introduced to the workplace and represent a new hazard

• Whenever the employer is made aware of a new or previously unrecognized hazard. The Safety Orientation Checklist (Form No. 1) as well as the Safety Manual Acknowledgement document (Form No. 2) of this manual must be completed during the first week on the job and in the same week that personnel are transferred to a new location. Review each item and initial as indicated. When reviewing the Safety Manual – emphasize the following:

• Section 1- Policy Statement – highlights management’s commitment to safety

• Section 2- Assignment of Responsibility - review responsibilities in detail

• Section 4- Safety Policy Communications Upon its completion, the Safety Orientation form is to be distributed to the following persons, as applicable and indicated:

• For the ABS Corporate office: o Corporate Safety Director

• For ABS Divisional offices: o Director of Human Resources o Divisional Safety Director

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3.4 Records

Each Divisional Human Resources Department shall maintain a record of personnel receiving occupational safety training. The records shall show the name of the individual, type of training and dates.

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Section 4: Safety Policy Communications – Occupational Safety and

Health Communication Program

4.1 Purpose

The purpose of the ABS Occupational Safety and Health Communication Program is to ensure that the contents of this manual and the ABS Occupational Medical Surveillance Program are communicated to personnel and to inquire as to any Safety and Health concerns which may arise because of changes in conditions or new activities. The ABS Safety Manual can be found in QMX and on MyEagle. In QMX Document Library, select the button option for ABS Manuals at the bottom of the screen. On MyEagle select the ‘Health & Safety (HSE)’ webpage link and click on ABS Safety Manual. The ABS Occupational Medical Surveillance Program can be found on the Health & Safety (HSE) webpage. From any divisional Human Resources webpage under ‘Programs’ click on the link for ‘Annual Physicals’, than select Occupational Medical Surveillance Program from the list provided.

4.2 Discussion

The scope of ABS activities which involve significant risks of occupational injury or illness are carried out on client premises (premises is understood to include vessels and other marine structures). In general, premises owned or controlled by clients are subject to the jurisdiction and laws of the corresponding local or national governments. There are, however, a significant number of instances in which immediate regulatory oversight is minimal.

4.3 Responsibility

4.3.1 The responsible Staff Member In-Charge for each field office under the direction of the Regional/District Safety Manager (R/DSM) will establish and disseminate instructions for personnel who must enter and perform their assignments on client premises. The instructions shall be in compliance with this ABS Safety Manual and with national and local regulations and shall include, but shall not be limited to:

• Name of Client Company

• Address and Location of Work Site

• Nature of the Business

• Description of Assignments

• Instructions for Verifying Regulatory Compliance

• Any Restriction or Personal Protective Equipment Required The instructions will further direct personnel to report unsafe work practices in accordance with Section 6.3.1. 4.3.2 Personnel should not hesitate to communicate all matters of safety and health concerns. Methods of communication:

• Open Door Policy— ABS supports informal communications through its open door policy with management. This policy encourages personnel to report safety concerns without fear of reprisal.

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• Hazard Reporting—Personnel are encouraged to report workplace hazards or near misses as per the guidelines provided in this manual, via electronic near miss/unsafe working conditions report, or directly to the Divisional Safety Director or Staff Member in-charge and Divisional Human Resources Department.

• Electronic Communications – Safety information will be distributed via e-mail and is available on ABS’ intranet.

4.3.3 Safety Change Notices or updates will be communicated through e-mail and/or via the use of document library change notices titled “QMX Distribution Notice: Quality Document Revisions to Production.” Safety Awareness bulletins which are periodically released by the Corporate Safety Director (CSD) will be posted on MyEagle under HSE – Safety Meeting Resources. 4.3.4 MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE (MOC) In an effort to reduce the risk of introducing any unforeseen new Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) hazards or unknowingly increase the risk associated with existing OH&S hazards, any recommended change shall be reviewed to consider its overall impact. Therefore, prior to the introduction of any change to activities, operations, procedures or policies affecting safety, the responsible Department Manager shall carry out reviews of each applicable safety case to identify and to assess such hazards and OH&S risks associated with changes in the ABS organization, the OH&S management systems, or ABS activities, prior to the introduction of such changes.

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Section 5: Work Sites - Hazard in Various Work Environments and

Confined Space Entry

5.1. Purpose

To provide general information and instructions regarding hazards which may be encountered in the various work environments in which ABS personnel may be placed to work, and to offer general guidance for working safely in most work environments.

5.2 Discussion

Since essentially all activities which may expose ABS personnel to hazards in the work place will be carried out on premises under the control of others it is not possible to anticipate all hazards. This chapter has been constructed to identify the most probable hazards and describe procedures applicable for the different types of activities and work environments ABS field personnel may encounter.

5.3 Responsibility

5.3.1 Industrial Upon entering an industrial work site where hazards can be presumed to exist, ABS personnel are to verify that the client company has in place a safety plan which has been accepted by the authority having jurisdiction (e.g., in the U.S. – OSHA, or more specifically, California - CAL/OSHA) and which has identified and provided protection against any known or anticipated hazards in its operations. ABS personnel are to comply fully with the safety instructions of the Client Company. In European countries, reference the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work at http://uk.osha.eu.int/. ABS personnel working in-the-Field may be provided with company issued cell phone or similar device (e.g.: Black Berry or I-Phone). The use of these types of devices is prohibited while carrying out a survey or inspection or while carrying out other similar inspection type activity or task. Exception to the carriage of these devices to the job applies for personnel entering to a confined space. Reference is made to the below paragraph 5.5.2. The use of these communication devices is recommended to be used only when stationary by all ABS employees and not while performing any other tasks. Reference is also made to Part 2 – Section 8 of this Safety Manual, titled “Driver Safety Policy”, and with regard to the use of these types of devices. ABS personnel on field assignments shall be provided with certain protective clothing and equipment, such as, but not limited to, hard hats, safety (eye) glasses, safety shoes, hearing protection, O2/combustible gas multi-meters recognized by an approval authority (e.g. UL), work gloves, safety harness, personal flotation device and flashlights as required by the environment and the assignment. If entry into a confined space is required, an O2/combustible gas multi-meter must be used and the provisions of Section 5.5 apply. When it is recommended or required that safety glasses be worn while on the job, ABS shall reimburse personnel based on the following practice: a. On an annual basis, field personnel are eligible for reimbursement of one (1) pair of prescription safety glasses. It is recognized that a pair is not necessary every year, only when the prescription changes, but this sets a maximum for number of reimbursements.

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b. The amount of the expense will vary by port as to “typical” costs, so ABS will rely on the local Port Principal or Staff Member in-Charge to set a maximum reimbursement for the purpose of precluding “designer” frames that are more costly and add no value. As a suggestion, the Safety Committee believes a typical amount of reimbursement would be approximately $250.00 USD. This is only a recommendation and may be adjusted as needed. The purchase of safety clothing and safety equipment (PPE) are to be charged to expense account codes, as applicable and listed in the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) procedure, SWZ-030-99-P07. It is the responsibility of ABS personnel to maintain all issued safety equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and certifications. 5.3.2 Shipbuilding and Repair Facilities ABS personnel are to verify that the shipbuilding or ship repair facility has in place an accepted safety plan and organization as described in Subsection 5.3.1. In shipbuilding and repair facilities ABS personnel will be expected to perform assignments largely independent of the Client Company. However, ABS personnel are to become familiar with the client’s company safety requirements and to comply with them in all respects. ABS personnel are to have protective equipment as listed in Subsection 5.3.1 available for use at all times. 5.3.3 Marine Transportation (Vessels) All ABS personnel, who are assigned to attend a vessel afloat, in drydock or aground due to accident, are to be familiar with ships and other floating equipment. They shall have available the protective equipment described in Subsection 5.3.1 available for use at all times. When attending a vessel afloat, in drydock or aground ABS personnel should be aware of particular hazards of the job as referenced here and in Appendix 4 of this manual. Such hazards include, but are not limited to, unguarded open hatches, loose or missing floor plates, unguarded openings at ship's sides, vertical and inclined ladders, cargo handling equipment, line handling gear, hot surfaces, flammable and toxic substances, unguarded machinery, an unsteady working platform (ship motions), electrical apparatus, transfers between ship and shore or between ship and ship and the normal hazards usual to a ship. If entry into a confined space is required, the provisions of Section 5.5 of this manual apply. 5.3.4 Offshore Mineral Exploration or Production For purposes of this manual, the provisions of Subsection 5.3.3 above apply to offshore activities.

5.4 Access To Structures and Vessel Transfer

The most common methods of accessing vessel structure are by using:

- Aerial Lifts - Staging - Ladders - Rafts

NOTE: Walking on cargo is not an acceptable means of access and must be avoided as loose granular material, such as grain, sand, coal, or similar material, can crust or bridge over and break loose under the weight of a person, engulfing and suffocating them. The method of access must be appropriate to the height, location, conditions and survey to be undertaken. The following are some safety considerations to keep in mind when using any of these methods.

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5.4.1 Aerial Lifts Aerial lifts are one of the most common devices used to conduct work from elevated locations and are commonly used to replace traditional shipyard scaffolding. Aerial lifts should be rated for more than one person and be operated by suitably authorized personnel. Aerial lifts are defined as, "any vehicle mounted device, telescoping or articulating, or both, which is used to position personnel." ABS personnel shall not operate any shipyard, shipboard and contractor supplied equipment (such as one man wire lift platforms). Commonly used terms in the shipyard for aerial lifts include:

- JLG™ - Genie High Lift™ - Condor Lift™ - Snorkel Lift™ - Cherry Picker

Safety Considerations:

- Lift controls must be tested daily, prior to starting work. - Operators must be trained/qualified personnel. - ABS personnel must work within the basket and shall not sit or climb on the edge or use planks,

ladders or other devices for a work position. - Body belts (such as harnesses) with lanyards must be used. - Load limit must not be exceeded. - Brakes must be set, outriggers used if so equipped, and wheels chocked if on incline. - Unless designed to do so in accordance with OSHA provisions, aerial lift trucks may not be

moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with workers in the basket. - Upper and lower controls are required and must be plainly marked. Lower controls must be

provided for overriding the upper controls. Except in an emergency, lower lift controls shall not be operated without permission from the work in the lift.

- As a prerequisite, it should be evident that the vehicle has been properly maintained. Periodical certification and testing may be accepted as appropriate evidence.

- Special precautions should be made when aerial lifts are used on vessels (for example barges, floats) to ensure the vessel and the lifting device is stable.

- Personal flotation devices (PFD) shall be used when working over water. - Caution should be taken for potential crushing hazards (for example, booming into the overhead,

pinch point). 5.4.2 Staging Scaffolds, or staging, are devices used to provide an elevated working surface. Staging may be of several different designs and is often constructed to fit the ship. Staging must be adequate for the work performed because falls are a significant hazard in the shipyard. Staging must be constructed by a competent person in accordance with local safety requirements and must be regularly inspected for continued safety. Before working on or near any scaffolding/staging/decking, ABS employees should ensure that:

- Scaffolding is safely secured and supported,

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- Scaffolding is level, securely footed, rigid and not supported by unstable objects (barrels, boxes, loose brick/concrete blocks)

- Scaffolding is provided with safe access (such as ladders or ladders forming integral parts of prefabricated staging),

- Scaffolding platform adequately decked (for example, has adequate secured planks, work surface and/or platform), and

- Provided with guardrails, including at the sides – as necessary - and at the ends of the scaffolding. 5.4.3 Ladders The safe construction and use of ladders can protect workers who are required to access multiple levels and when working from the ladder. Training workers on safe ladder use and how to assess the condition of the ladder before use is an important aspect of a safety and health program. Potential Hazards:

- Structural failure of the ladder or its components causing the worker to fall. - Inappropriate ladder placement (such as ladder angle) causing the worker to fall. - Unsecured ladder causing the ladder and worker to fall. - Inappropriate work practices (such as over-extending, climbing with equipment in hand, not

facing ladder when climbing down), causing the worker to fall. - Electrical shock or electrocution when using metal ladders.

Requirements and Example Solutions:

- Defective ladders must not be used and must be removed immediately. - When splicing ladders, special precautions are required. - Portable ladders used for access must be secured and extend at least 36 inches above the upper

landing. - Manufactured portable metal or wood ladders must be in accordance with recognized national or

local standards. - Portable metal ladders must not be used near electrical shock hazards (such as conductors or

electric arc welding).

Additional Requirements:

- Hand lines or tool bags must be used to keep workers hands free when using ladders. - Only one worker is allowed on a ladder unless the ladder is designed for additional workers. - Portable straight ladders must have a 4-to-1 ratio. Ladders must not be used in a horizontal

position as platforms, runways, or scaffolds. - Portable ladders must be used when the ship's ladders in the cargo holds are defective.

IACS Recommendation 78, Safe Use of Portable Ladders for Close-up Surveys - Many times the ABS Surveyor will be conducting close up surveys with the vessel at sea before arriving in the shipyard. Surveyors should be aware of this IACS recommendation and use this as a guideline for the safe use of portable ladders:

- The Owner should ensure that equipment selected for temporary work affords adequate protection against the risks of falls from a height.

- The manner in which portable ladders can most safely be used by workers should be specified.

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- Portable ladders should rest on a stable, strong, suitably sized, immobile footing so that the rungs

remain horizontal. Suspended ladders should be attached in a manner so that they cannot be displaced and so that swinging is prevented.

- The feet of portable ladders should be prevented from slipping during use by securing the stiles at

or near their upper and lower ends, by any anti-slip device or by other arrangements of equivalent effectiveness. Slip resistant feet should not be used as substitute for the care in placing, lashing or holding a ladder upon slippery surface.

- Portable ladders should meet the following criteria:

• Not more than 5 M (16.4 ft.) in length for freestanding portable ladders. • Non-self-supporting and self-supporting portable ladders should support at least four

times the maximum intended load. • The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders should be

according to a recognized standard. • The rungs and steps of portable ladders should be designed to minimize slipping, e.g.

corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid resistance material.

- Ladders should be maintained free of oil, grease and other slipping hazards. 5.4.4 Rafts

- See Section 5.5.5. 5.4.5 Transfers between Vessels

- The launch should be suitable for its purpose, taking into account the weather forecast and sea condition, route of the voyage and the duration of the trip and have appropriate lifesaving appliances (life preservers) onboard and available for use.

- A crewmember (in addition to the helmsman) must be available to assist with the transfer. - Boarding arrangements must be in accordance with IACS and IMO requirements. - Emergency recovery arrangements must be established prior to the transfer taking place. - A heaving line must be provided to transfer the surveyor’s equipment onboard. - The surveyor has the right to abort the transfer if the sea state (in his/her opinion) is not

acceptable or any of the conditions mentioned above are found not in compliance. - The surveyor is to wear a personal floatation device during the actual transfer between vessels.

5.4.6 Hold Harmless Documents On occasion, before going on board a vessel or into a shipyard or facility, surveyors may be requested to sign "hold harmless" or "access" agreements. These agreements are contractual in nature and usually state that ABS agrees to hold the shipyard or owner harmless for anything that happens aboard the vessel or in the shipyard, often including the negligence of the shipyard or owner. It is the policy of ABS not to sign these documents as is and to attempt to limit the liability. ABS is willing to indemnify others for the negligence of ABS and the ABS Surveyor only. These agreements can have the effect of changing the liability provisions already agreed to in the Request for Class. When requested, these agreements should immediately be forwarded to Legal. Legal does recognize that often Surveyors are waiting to board vessels or obtain entry into a shipyard and these issues will be given a first priority. All of the ABS attorneys have Blackberry devices and can be reached after hours as necessary. These agreements are

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handled on a case by case basis and often ABS is able to supply a simple insurance certificate showing our coverage and our Surveyors are able to board. In the event that the Surveyor determines that it is necessary to sign the document (only after attempting to contact Legal and Surveyor's direct supervisor), the Surveyor should sign his/her name and state they were requested to sign or they would be refused entry and that the document is for that day/visit only. The Surveyor should request a copy of the document and the document should be forwarded to Legal as soon as possible. When possible, when accepting a request for survey, the person creating the work order, particularly from a new facility, should ask if the surveyor will be required to sign any documents before entry. If yes, then a copy of this document should be obtained in advance and forwarded to Legal for review before the attendance.

5.5 Confined Space Entry Policies

5.5.1 General

a. In no case are personnel to enter a confined space on his own initiative to attempt rescue or render assistance to someone who is, or appears to be, the victim of an accident or is otherwise in difficulty.

b. The following minimum safe conditions are required for entry into a confined space without respiratory protection.

• Atmospheric oxygen not less than 20.8% by volume nor more than 22 % by volume. The optimum oxygen level is between 20.8% and 21%.

• Combustible gases 0 % and in no case more than 1% (ISGOTT 1%) of lower explosive limit. Specific to Crude Oil Washing Surveys, the hydrocarbon content should be 1% or less of the lower explosive limit.

• Toxics within acceptable limits (with due regard to specific dangerous cargoes and 8% previous inerting operations), Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for hydrogen sulfide is 0 ppm, and for benzene it is 1.0 ppm. The action level is 0.5 PEL. (Refer to Appendix 4, paragraph 3.4.)

c. All ABS personnel have the personal responsibility of safeguarding themselves. Nothing in these

instructions should be interpreted to require ABS personnel to take any action believed to be hazardous. Should such a situation present itself, personnel should contact their supervisor immediately.

d. ABS personnel shall not enter spaces where the use of respiratory protection is required to do

routine inspection. For emergency situations, refer to Appendix 4, paragraph. 3.16.

e. ABS personnel must use caution when re-entering confined spaces after unattended periods and/or where such spaces contain oxygen/acetylene hoses, painting apparatus, and blasting equipment, or other equipment capable of polluting the atmosphere.

f. All ABS personnel assigned to duties which may involve confined space entry are to receive

Confined Space Safe Practices Course and are to be familiar with the use of atmospheric monitoring devices (oxygen/combustible gas analyzer, Draeger tubes, etc.) and be capable of assessing the hazards involved. For personnel performing periodic duty in confined spaces those persons may enter the spaces provided they have taken, as a minimum, the on-line Confined Space Safe Practices refresher course and enter with an ABS person properly trained as noted

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above. This also applies to personnel who have not had the opportunity to complete all mandatory pre-requisite requirements.

g. All spaces covered by this policy shall (after initial testing) be re-tested at intervals not to exceed

twenty-four (24) hours or when conditions change.

h. Surveyors reserve the right to require re-testing before entering confined spaces.

i. Mobile telephones shall not be used in enclosed spaces and any other location where a hazardous condition (atmosphere) may exist.

5.5.2 Confined Space Entry – Maritime

a. Except as hereinafter provided, the following spaces on board a ship or barge, or other marine vessel, shall not be entered unless they have been certified as "safe for workers" (and "safe for hot work", if applicable) by a Certified Marine Chemist, an Industrial Hygienist, a Shipyard Competent Person, or similarly qualified person. A duly authorized person appointed by the vessel's Owners, Deck Officer (normally the Chief Mate) is considered a similarly qualified person.

Definition: Certified Marine Chemist or similarly qualified person - the ‘holder’ of a valid Certificate which establishing the ‘holder’ as a person qualified to determine whether construction, alteration, repair, lay-up, or shipbreaking of vessels, which may involve hazards covered by a safety standard, can be undertaken with safety. In the U.S. such Certificate is issued by the National Fire Protection Association in accordance with the "Rules for the Certification and Re-certification of Marine Chemists."

1. Cargo spaces or other spaces containing or having contained (in the last three cargoes) bulk

liquids, gases or solids of a toxic, corrosive or irritant nature, 2. Spaces that have been fumigated, 3. Spaces immediately adjacent to those described above.

b. Except as hereinafter provided, the following spaces on board a ship or barge, or other marine vessel, shall not be entered unless they have been certified as "safe for workers" (and "safe for hot work", if applicable) by a certified Marine Chemist, an Industrial Hygienist, a Shipyard Competent Person, or similarly qualified person. If flammable or toxic vapors are found in the above by a shipyard Competent Person, then a Marine Chemist, an industrial hygienist, or similarly qualified person shall be required for the purpose of certifying the spaces as "safe for workers".

1. Compartments that have been sealed, 2. Spaces that have been coated and closed, 3. Freshly painted and unventilated compartments, 4. Spaces containing cargoes that absorb oxygen, including but not limited to scrap iron, fruit,

molasses, vegetable oils, etc. 5. Double bottoms, 6. Saltwater ballast tanks including peak tanks, 7. Spaces immediately adjacent to hot workspaces (which must be certified safe for hot work). 8. Spaces that have been inerted and spaces adjacent to inerted or loaded cargo tanks (reference

IACS Rec. 72 for additional guidance).

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c. All spaces must be continuously force ventilated during entry and immediately prior to entry for a

sufficient period of time to produce a minimum of three air changes per hour.

d. When entering an enclosed space outside of a shipyard environment, ABS personnel shall enter only if accompanied by a person having responsibility for the work and a backup team of at least one experienced person is to be maintained at the entry to the space. The watch officer or person-in-charge is to be continuously aware of the ABS personnel's position. Rescue equipment including breathing apparatus, resuscitators, smoke masks, rescue lines, harnesses, a stretcher, etc. must be readily available at a central location.

e. Cofferdams, voids, and spaces used exclusively for fresh water (including when these spaces are

adjacent to bunker tanks) which have been ventilated in accordance with (c) of this section (or in the case of fresh water tanks; voided within the last 24 hours) may be entered in accordance with 5.5.3.1, Safe Work Practice. If flammable or toxic vapors are found to be present during atmospheric testing, a Marine Chemist, an Industrial Hygienist, or similarly qualified person must certify the space as safe prior to entry.

f. Spaces not listed above may be entered subject to compliance with Items (a) through (h) of "Safe

Work Practice" of 5.5.3.1.

g. Special consideration is to be given by ABS personnel when it becomes necessary to enter into a space known to have been subject to a casualty or damage (i.e., subjected to a fire, flooding, gas or liquid spillage, etc). Special consideration is to consist of at least (but not less than) confirmation of the cause of the damage, type of cargo being carried in the space at time of the damage and possible effects that may have been caused to the existing substances or goods, by the ingress or actions of the involved external agents. Any space that appears to have unsafe conditions must be evaluated by a qualified person and be cleared as safe for entry before ABS personnel can enter in and perform work. Steps must be taken to correct the unsafe or hazardous condition of the space before entering.

h. All spaces covered by this policy shall (after initial testing) be re-tested at intervals not-to-exceed

twenty-four (24) hours or when conditions change.

i. In spaces that have been certified “safe for workers” but NOT “safe for hot work”, the following precautions should be taken to preclude the creation of sparks in such atmospheres:

• Inspection hammers should be of a non-sparking type, • Flashlights should be rated non-incendive, • Cell phones and calculators should not be carried into the space, • Radio communication equipment should be intrinsically safe, and • Gloves should not be plastic material (or equivalent)

In addition, ABS personnel are to ensure that other personnel in the tank have taken similar precautions and that any lighting or staging provided meets explosion proof and non-sparking requirements.

5.5.3 Authorization for a ‘Shipyard Competent’ Person to act in lieu of a Marine Chemist or Industrial Hygienist (refer to Appendix 4, paragraphs 3.11-3.14 for additional information.)

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When it is claimed that the services of a Marine Chemist or an Industrial Hygienist are not reasonably available, and certain local, national, or other governmental provisions do not apply, the District or Country Manager, or the Staff Member in-Charge (if previously authorized by the R/DSM), may authorize his/her staff to accept another person to act in place of the Marine Chemist or the Industrial Hygienist. In such cases, the following "Safe Work Practice" will apply: 5.5.3.1 Safe Work Practice:

a. The person or entity in charge of the vessel or rig (mobile or offshore unit) shall designate a Shipyard Competent Person (hereinafter referred to as ‘Competent Person’) who is trained in the use of atmospheric monitoring devices (i.e., oxygen/ combustible gas analyzer, Draeger tubes, etc.). Qualifications of designee may be verified by on-site ABS personnel.

In the case of MODU's legs, columns, spud cans, mat tanks, pontoon tanks and drill water tanks to be internally examined; testing must include tests for hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Ballast tanks, which may have contained organic matter, must also be tested for H2S. In no case should ABS personnel be considered to be a Shipyard Competent Person or similarly qualified person.

b. The Competent Person shall test all the spaces to be entered using a calibrated, direct reading

instrument for the following conditions in the order listed prior to entry:

1. Oxygen content, 2. Flammable gases and vapors, 3. Potential toxic air contaminants.

c. Prior to entry, the Competent Person shall complete an entry permit and make it available to ABS

personnel for review. The entry permit shall include:

1. Date and time tests conducted, and validity of permit, 2. Space tested, 3. Results of test (oxygen, combustible gas, toxics, visual examination), 4. Instrument(s) used and date of calibration, 5. Name of Competent Person.

d. Hazardous energy sources communicating with the spaces to be entered are to be identified and

locked out.

e. Tank entry in accordance with 5.5.2.

f. Ventilation in accordance with 5.5.2(c) is to be provided.

g. An attendant shall be stationed outside space entered and lines of communication are to be established and clearly understood. Emergency rescue services are to be immediately available.

h. Surveyor reserves the right to require re-testing before entering confined spaces.

5.5.4 Confined Space Entry - General Industry Before entering a confined space ABS personnel are to be satisfied that the host contractor has documented and implemented a confined space entry program as follows:

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a. The host contractor shall designate a Competent Person who is trained in the use of atmospheric monitoring devices, oxygen/combustible gas analyzer, Draeger tubes, etc.).

b. The Competent Person shall test all spaces to be entered using a calibrated, direct reading

instrument for the following conditions in the order given prior to entry:

1. Oxygen content, 2. Flammable gases and vapors, 3. Potential toxic air contaminants.

c. The Competent Person shall complete an entry permit and make it available to ABS personnel

prior to entry. The entry permit shall include:

1. Date and time tests conducted, and validity of permit, 2. Space(s) tested, 3. Results of tests (Oxygen, combustible gas, toxics, visual examination), 4. Instrument(s) used and date of calibration, 5. Name of Competent Person

d. The host contractor shall identify and lock out all sources of hazardous energy communicating

with the space(s) to be entered.

e. The Competent Person equipped with air monitoring device shall accompany ABS personnel into each space entered.

f. Forced air ventilation is to be provided (see 5.5.2 c).

g. An attendant shall be stationed outside space entered and lines of communication are to be

established and clearly understood. Emergency rescue services are to be immediately available.

h. Surveyors reserve the right to require re-testing before entering confined spaces. 5.5.5 Inflatable Workboats for Inspection of Cargo or Ballast Tanks The following are required when using inflatable workboats for the inspection of Cargo or Ballast Tanks:

a. Only rough duty, two (2) chamber inflatable boats are to be used.

b. All conditions noted in 5.5.2 or 5.5.3 as applicable are to be observed.

c. Adequate lighting of a certified safe type is to be available.

d. The workboat shall be used only in tanks containing clean ballast water. Rafting should be discontinued if the rise and fall of the raft within a cargo tank (due to the motion of ballast water caused by rolling) makes the operation difficult or hazardous. In making this decision, the team should consider the degree and period of roll, the proximity of rafting to the deckhead or other structure that could damage the raft, or injury to the people in the raft and expected maneuvering that could add to excessive motion of the ballast water. While the actual limit will vary, a general guide is that the rise and fall of ballast water should not exceed about .25m, equivalent to about 1.5 to 2 degrees of roll per side on a V/ULCC. The water level in the tank should be stationary.

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On no account shall ABS personnel be in the boat when the water level in the tank is being raised or lowered.

e. All ABS personnel in the compartment are to wear personal flotation devices approved by an

administration with capacity for the person using the device.

f. The workboat is to be tethered to the access ladder and an additional person stationed down the access ladder with a clear view of the workboat.

g. Lines of communication are to be established and clearly understood.

h. At no time shall the upside of the boat or raft be allowed to be within 1m of the deepest under

deck face flat so that the Surveyor is not isolated from a direct escape route to the hatch.

i. The tank or hold must contain clean ballast water. Even a thin sheen of oil on the water is not acceptable.

5.6 Use of Respiratory Equipment

Personnel shall not enter spaces where the use of respiratory protection is required to do routine inspections. For emergency situations see Appendix 4, paragraph 3.16.

5.7 Smoking

Although ABS has policies in place to restrict smoking in offices and company provided automobiles, ABS does not maintain a policy controlling the use of tobacco products by its personnel outside of those environments. However, personnel are to be aware of their surroundings and the possible hazards that exist when using tobacco products that require and/or maintain an open flame condition (e.g. smoking inside a confined space that may possess a hazardous environment).

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Part 2

Section 6: Accident Investigation, Reporting, Evaluation and

Control

6.1 Basic Accident Investigation and Reporting Technique

6.1.1. Effective investigations are imperative to the success of a safety program. The purpose of accident investigation is to identify causative factors and develop corrective action to prevent accident recurrence, mishaps or near misses. Effective investigations should:

- Describe what happened -- Thorough investigations can sift through sometimes conflicting evidence and arrive at an accurate description of the incident.

- Determine the causation – Any investigation should be detailed and thorough in order to reach a conclusion of the causes of the incident.

- Determine the risks -- Good investigations provide the basis of deciding the likelihood of recurrence and the potential for major loss -- two critical factors in determining the amount of time and money to spend on corrective action.

- Develop controls -- Adequate controls that minimize or eliminate a problem can only come from a sound investigation, which has truly identified the problem. Otherwise, the problem will appear again and again but with different symptoms.

- Define trends -- Few accidents and incidents are truly isolated cases. When a significant number of good reports are analyzed, emerging trends can be identified and so controls can be set.

- Demonstrate concern -- Accidents give people vivid pictures of threats to their well-being. It is assuring to see a prompt, objective investigation in process. Good investigations aid personnel relations.

6.1.2. All lost time accidents should be promptly reported and investigated by the Divisional Safety Director or his/her Delegate. Techniques to follow when conducting an investigation are as follows:

- Visit the accident scene as soon as possible to insure that facts are still fresh in witness’s minds. - Interview personnel as soon as they are physically and mentally able. - Interview other witnesses to the accident either at the scene or as soon after the accident as

possible. - Obtain signed statements from witnesses if applicable or available. - Document details graphically -- use photographs, sketches, or diagrams if appropriate. - Save or preserve all physical evidence as necessary.

6.1.3. The Staff Member in-Charge or Senior Manager in charge of each office or port location shall be responsible for carrying out the investigations of any lost time and reportable incidents and near miss cases and for ensuring that proper steps are taken to ensure that recommended and approved corrective and preventative actions are taken. Corrective and Preventative actions will include, as needed:

- Replacing all defective or broken tools and equipment. - Revising work methods to eliminate or to prevent unsafe procedures. - Retraining of personnel. - Monitoring the hazard to insure it remains corrected or controlled.

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- Following up by revisiting the incident and its scenario after a reasonable period of time has elapsed to confirm that the corrective and preventative actions implemented by the Management of the premises are in place and found effective.

- Depending on the nature of the incident, the Corporate Safety Director, in consultation with the Corporate Safety Committee may request attendance by a member of the Divisional Safety Committee, preferable the Divisional Safety Director or his/her Delegate.

- Disciplinary action for violation of ABS policies, and instructed safe work procedures.

6.2. Occupational Mishap Investigation and Reporting Procedures

6.2.1. Purpose To stress the need for meeting safety and health investigation and reporting requirements. To provide factual data to the Regional/District, Division, and Corporate Safety personnel so that corrective action can be taken to prevent recurrences. 6.2.2. Background Mishap investigation and reporting is essential to maintaining a safe environment and enabling personnel to carry out assignments effectively. Reference is made to the following Procedures published within the ABS Quality Management System, available under Shared Resources-Safety:

- Reporting, Control, Tracking and Investigation of Work Related Illnesses/Accidents – UWZ-030-

99-P06

- Reporting, Control and Tracking of Unsafe Condition/Near Miss Incidents – UWZ-030-99-P05

6.2.3. Definitions of Terms

Reportable Incidents

All work related injuries that occur while on the job, even if medical treatment is not required. "Note: Near misses or incidents that occur outside of work (not work related) are not considered

reportable.

Note: All personnel are required to complete and submit a “Report of Work Related Injury/Illness” form immediately after an injury occurs, even if medical treatment is not required.

Injury/Illness (Lost Time Incidents) Work related Injury/Illness that renders the injured person unable to perform any of their duties or return to work on a scheduled work shift, on any day immediately following the day of the accident or incident. Generally, lost time incidents will require more than first aid treatment by a physician, dentist, surgeon or registered medical personnel.

Near Miss

A Near Miss is an event where no contact or exchange of energy occurred and thus did not result in personal injury. Any unsafe working condition (as per Section 7.3.1) should be reported electronically as a near miss. 6.2.4. Responsibilities

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The Regional/District Safety Manager has the responsibility for investigating and reporting of mishaps and will be responsible for:

a. Conducting safety and occupational health investigations and reporting on any mishaps or incidents that involve ABS personnel in the performance of their assignments;

b. Evaluating findings and making recommendations for corrective action as appropriate. c. Communicating findings to the Division Safety Director and/or requesting assistance when

required. Responsibility may be delegated to the Staff Member in-Charge. The Division Safety Director will report monthly to the CSD on the operation of the safety program. The report shall include all significant safety events. 6.2.5. ACTION 6.2.5.1 The Staff Member in-Charge, who is responsible for the activities of the injured/ill person, where required by the local regulations, shall file a report in a form acceptable to the local and national authorities within twenty-four (24) hours of receiving knowledge of every actual or alleged occupational injury (or illness) to any ABS personnel that results in lost time beyond the date of the injury (or illness) or requires medical treatment beyond First Aid. The report shall include as a minimum:

- Time and date of injury or illness. - Name, job title, and affiliation of person reporting the mishap. - Site of mishap or incident. - Name of person to contact at site of the mishap. - Description of incident, injury, or illness, (i.e., broken left leg, injured right eye, etc.). - Location from/to which the injured person was removed/taken, as applicable. - Identity of any witnesses or attendants at the site, as applicable. - Description of how the mishap or incident occurred.

When an injury or illness is reported, the immediate supervisor is responsible for assuring the injured employee receives prompt medical attention. Medical attention must be offered to any injured personnel, despite severity. In all cases of serious injury, illness, or death; where required by the local regulations, a report of injury/illness must be made to Local and State (Provincial) authorities having jurisdiction within 24 hours after the time the Local Office learned or should have learned of the injury. A "serious injury or illness" is one that requires in-patient hospitalization for more than 24 hours for other than medical observation, or one in which the ABS employee or contractor suffers the loss of a body member, or suffers any serious degree of permanent disfiguration. These cases of serious injuries must be reported immediately to the Corporate Safety Director (CSD) and to the Divisional Safety Director (DSD), as well as to the responsible Division President for transmittal to the Corporate CEO. In addition, the DSD shall arrange a conference call with the Division’s Management Team responsible for the location where the incident occurred. 6.2.5.2. The Staff Member in-Charge who is responsible for the activities of the injured/ill person shall file a report, within 24 hours, of all work related reportable incidents (injuries and illnesses) with their immediate supervisor, the responsible R/DSM, Divisional Director-Human Resources, the DSD, the CSD

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and the Corporate Occupational Health & Safety VP. The Divisional Director-Human Resources will report same as noted in the Section 6.3, Safety Performance – Reporting Flow Chart, on page 31. 6.2.5.3. Each ABS local office shall maintain a log and summary of occupational injuries and illnesses as legally required. In the U.S., all mishaps or incidents shall be reported as soon as possible, to the Corporate Human Resources office, who shall be responsible for the maintenance and filing of OSHA Form 300 and Supplementary Record OSHA 301 as required. 6.2.5.4. Reporting of such incidents to Corporate Human Resources is required as directed in Safety procedure UWZ-030-99—P06 – Reporting, Control, Tracking and Investigation of Work related Illnesses/Accidents. This procedure is an internal procedure for reporting of work related injuries or illnesses and is used for internal control and reporting only. Following this procedure does not preclude any office or station from following all local government and state mandated procedures for reporting of occupational injuries or illnesses. Reporting of incidents may be done in one of the following ways:

a. Use of the form provided in this procedure, a copy of which is also included after Section 3 of this Safety Manual.

b. Use the form provided in this manual as a cover page. Fill in the top portion of the form and print your name at the bottom of the form. Attach a copy of the report that was completed for your State or Local governing agency and forward all to Corporate Human Resources and other responsible persons, as applicable.

c. Electronic system “ABS Safety Incident Form” may be used also for reporting of work related injuries and illnesses. Electronic system is accessible on your computer by clicking on START / ALL PROGRAMS.

d. Supplementary information for any of the above described reporting systems (eg: Medical examination report, Photographic report, Police report, etc) may be submitted as an attachment to an e-mail message.

6.2.5.5. It is the responsibility of the Staff Member in-charge to verify that any employee, who has been absent from work due to an injury or illness, has a medical release from their doctor prior to returning to the workplace. 6.2.6. Near Misses In order for ABS to take proactive measures to alert ABS personnel of potential work place hazards, a means of recording near misses is available to all personnel, via the same ABS Safety Incident Form electronic system. When reporting a near miss the following information should be provided:

- Probable cause (workplace layout, awareness, equipment failures, etc.) - Contact with an object or substance which nearly occurred (step, fall, burn, struck by, etc.) - Corrective actions taken and recommended preventative action (safety poster, training, equipment

replacement, etc.) - Whether reporting to the employee’s supervisor has been made and whether a task, if interrupted,

was carried out, upon corrections made. NOTE: All near misses (per Section 6.2.3) which directly involve the safety of ABS personnel must be reported. In addition, any near miss incidents occurring in an ABS workplace which could result in serious injury or death to non-ABS personnel should also be reported.

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6.2.7. SLIPS, TRIPS AND FALLS Historically, approximately 66% of the on-the-job injuries sustained by ABS Employees are a result of slips, trips and falls. It is imperative that our field staff pay particular attention when working in the vicinity of decks, gratings, ladders and walkways as these areas may be slippery and hazardous due to:

- Cargo Residues - Welding Rod Ends - Spilled Liquids - Drainage - Scrap Metal - Mud - Surrounding conditions, including those caused by insufficient housekeeping and improper

placement of electrical cords, welding tools, cables, and other purpose tools and hoses. All personnel must remain cognizant of these potential hazards and ensure that each worksite has adequate lighting and good housekeeping.

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6.3. Safety Performance – Reporting Flow Chart

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Section 7 – Corrective Actions

7.1. Purpose

To monitor work environments to which ABS personnel may be exposed. To detect and report any unsafe or unhealthy condition which may exist and to institute corrective procedures. Refer to Section 6 of this Manual, titled “Accident Investigation, Reporting, Evaluation and Control”.

7.2. Discussion

Because ABS personnel perform extensively in work environments totally under the control of others, it is important that ABS personnel take steps to familiarize themselves with the working environment and with the protective equipment appropriate to the task and the environment.

7.3. Action

7.3.1. Upon visiting a client's premises (premises include vessels and other marine structures), ABS personnel shall verify that the client has safety procedures in effect. If during the course of work ABS personnel encounter a condition or procedure that may compromise the safety of ABS personnel, they should stop work immediately and contact their supervisor and the Regional/District Safety Manager (R/DSM). This unsafe condition shall be investigated by the Staff Member in-Charge who shall resolve the matter with the client. If the matter cannot be resolved, and depending on the seriousness of the problem, ABS personnel may refuse to continue with the assignment. The Divisional Safety Director or a designated staff member shall investigate the safety system and physical condition of a client's premises under any of the following conditions:

- An injury to ABS personnel has occurred on the premises - A complaint of unsafe working conditions or practices has been made - As directed by the Corporate Safety Director

A Safety Report shall be filed with the Staff Member in-Charge and Regional/District Safety Manager who shall summarize the information for internal distribution.

7.4. Corrective and Preventative Actions

The Staff Member in-Charge or Senior Manager in charge of each office or port location shall be responsible for carrying out the investigations of any lost time and reportable incidents and near miss cases and for ensuring that proper steps are taken to ensure that recommended and approved corrective and preventative actions are taken. Corrective and Preventative actions will include, as needed:

- Replacing all defective or broken tools and equipment. - Revising work methods to eliminate or to prevent unsafe procedures. - Retraining of personnel. - Monitoring the hazard to insure it remains corrected or controlled. - Following up by revisiting the incident and its scenario after a reasonable period of time has

elapsed to confirm that the corrective and preventative actions implemented by the Management of the premises are in place and found effective.

- Depending on the nature of the incident, the Corporate Safety Committee may request attendance by a member of the Divisional Safety Committee, preferable the Divisional Safety Director or his/her Delegate.

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Section 8: Driver Safety Policy

8.1. Driver Safety Training & Vehicle Reports

Safety depends on the choices a driver makes, and the choices are often difficult. The most important rule is: Consider Safety First.

8.2. Driver Safety Training

ABS always promotes defensive driving habits and safety awareness. From time to time, ABS may schedule its vehicle drivers to undergo driver safety training as may be determined by their Country/District Manager or equivalent. Training may take the form of correspondence or in-residence courses.

8.3. Motor Vehicle or Driving Reports

Motor Vehicle or Driving Reports are one way ABS has of determining where and when additional safety training may be advantageous to ABS and the ABS driver. For drivers who tend to have repeated moving violations or minor accidents, safety training may have a two-fold benefit: In many states and countries, participation in safety courses can result in a reduction of penalty points and personal automobile insurance premiums. On a periodic basis, ABS obtains reports on the driving histories of leased vehicle drivers from agencies that provide such information. For that purpose, each driver (and their spouse *for Company Issued Vehicles) is required to provide identifying information to facilitate ABS’ inquiries. At the same time, each driver and their spouse (*) sign a release authorizing ABS and/or the designated insurance company or agent to make the inquiries. Drivers' histories are used for two purposes: 1. To help ABS determine when additional driver safety education may be necessary 2. To allow ABS’ insurance representatives to set premiums and make recommendations for reducing premiums or maintaining the existing premiums. When ABS personnel and their spouses (*) provide the driver’s release, those individuals are authorizing ABS or its designated insurance company and/or agent to research the driving history of ABS personnel and their spouses (*).

8.4. Safety Restraints and Warning Devices

ABS Leased/Owned vehicles come with all required safety features (eg but not limited to: lap and shoulder belts, driver/passenger airbags, and antilock brakes). Drivers of, and passengers in, leased vehicles and other vehicles when used for company business transportation shall use all available restraints while the vehicle is in operation, whether or not local law requires their use. Drivers should make it a habit to drive with their headlights on in inclement weather, be it day or night, whether the law requires it or not.

Note: Personnel traveling on company business in commercial vehicles (i.e., taxis, limos, etc.) shall use all available restraints while the vehicle is in operation, whether or not local law requires their use.

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8.5. Wireless Communication Device Usage

The Company values its employees and the safety of others, and expects employees to put safety first while driving. Personnel are prohibited from using any cell phones, handheld PCs or PDAs while operating any motor vehicle for business purposes, whether such vehicle is personal, rented or provided by the company for business use, unless the driver is using a hands-free device (e.g. Bluetooth). Personnel are further prohibited from using Company provided cell phones, handheld PCs or PDAs while operating a motor vehicle for personal use, unless the driver is using a hands-free device (e.g. Bluetooth). Employees’ spouses, if permitted under ABS policy to use Company issued vehicles, are strictly prohibited from using any cell phones, handheld PCs or PDAs while operating the Company issued vehicle. This ban includes making and receiving cell phone calls or sending or receiving text or e-mail messages. Safety must come before all other concerns, regardless of the circumstances, including slow or stopped traffic. Personnel should pull out of traffic and park the vehicle in a safe location before initiating or answering calls, or sending or receiving text or e-mail messages. Under no circumstances are employees to place themselves or others at risk to fulfill business needs. Employees who are charged with traffic violations resulting from the use of their cell phone while driving will be solely responsible for all liabilities that result from such actions.

Note: Using the device in speakerphone mode is NOT considered “hands-free” use and texting while driving is strictly prohibited. All Personnel are expected to adhere to the local and regional governmental regulations and laws in the areas where they are employed. If any local or regional governmental regulation or law prohibits the use of cell phones, hands-free devices (e.g. Bluetooth), handheld PCs or PDAs while operating a motor vehicle, Personnel are to observe these restrictions, regardless of ABS’ policy.

8.6. Tobacco Use

For the purpose of maintaining high vehicle market value, the use of tobacco products while driving and/or riding in a company vehicle is strongly discouraged.

8.7. Steps to Take Following a Vehicle Accident (for U.S. based personnel)

If an accident involves injuries, other vehicles or damage to the property of others, contact ARI Accident

Management Department at 1-800-221-1645 immediately. Also contact 911 or EMS for bodily injuries.

If an accident happens, the following procedure must be followed: 1. Report accidents by phone to ARI. ARI completes the form and emails it to: Fleet Administrator, Risk Legal Representative, and insurance company. 2. Secure the names of witnesses, attending officers, police accident report number, etc. 3. Report the accident to the Risk Legal Representative as soon as possible. Again, if an accident involves casualties, another vehicle, a pedestrian, or damage to others' property, contact our insurance carrier

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immediately. If the leased vehicle was damaged, contact the ARI Accident Management Department as soon as possible at 1-800-221-1645. 4. The enclosed accident report must be completed and submitted within seven days of the accident to the following offices:

- Risk Legal Representative - ARI Accident Management Department

Additional forms may be obtained from your local ABS office, the Legal Department (Risk), or the Fleet Administrator. 5. If the leased automobile sustained damage, ARI will direct you to a repair shop. ARI will work with the repair facility and will issue a work order after reviewing the estimates. If a replacement vehicle is needed, advise ARI, who will make arrangements for a rental to be delivered to your office or advise you where to pick a temporary replacement.

8.8. Steps to Take Following a Vehicle Accident (for Non-U.S. based

personnel)

If an accident involves injuries, other vehicles or damage to the property of others, contact your local authorities and report the incident immediately. You should also try to contact your Country/District Manager and Human Resources Manager to report the incident whenever possible. Note: Reference is made to the Attachment A to the ABS Safety General procedure – UWZ-030-99-P02,

titled “Driving and Safety Guidelines”.

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Section 9: Office Safe Practices and Lifting Techniques

9.1. Office Safe Practices

ABS has established the following rules, not all-inclusive, for the safety of all personnel when working in an office environmental. These rules exist to provide a safe working environment and to prevent accidents and injuries. As a condition of employment and continued employment, and per contract, all personnel are expected to observe and comply with all ABS safety rules, both general and specific to the department and/or job. 9.1.1. General Safety 1. Immediately report to your supervisor any unsafe condition, practice, procedure, equipment, or act. 2. Report all work related accidents, injuries, or incidents to your supervisor immediately, regardless of

how minor you may believe them to be. 3. Horseplay, practical jokes, scuffling, and other acts which tend to have an adverse influence on the

safety or well being of personnel or others is prohibited. 4. Running in the facility is not permitted. 5. Use handrails when going up or down stairs or ladders. 6. Personnel who attempt to report to work under the influence of alcohol or drugs are dangerous and, if

detected, will be prevented from working and will be subject to immediate disciplinary action up to and including discharge or termination of contract.

7. Comply with all safety-related warning signs. 8. Keep aisles, exits, and passageways unobstructed and well lighted. 9. Do not leave material, inventory, etc. on the floor, which could result in tripping hazards. 10. Materials and equipment are not to be stored against doors, exits, fire ladders, or extinguisher stations. 11. Never stack material precariously on the top of lockers, file cabinets, or other relatively high places. 12. Do not stack material in an unstable manner. 13. Smoking is not permitted inside ABS offices. 14. Firearms are not allowed on the premise. 9.1.2. Fire Protection 1. Keep fire-fighting equipment and fire exits clear and ready for immediate use. Know the evacuation

routes from your work area. 2. Do not use fire extinguishers unless you know how to use them. Workers responding to fire or other

emergencies should be suitably trained. 9.1.3. Electrical 1. Never tamper with electrical equipment. 2. Inspect electrical cords before use and report any electrical problems, frayed cords, or exposed wiring

immediately. 3. All cords running into or across walk areas must be taped down or inserted through rubber protectors

to preclude them from becoming tripping hazards. 4. Keep papers and other combustible materials away from electrical cords.

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9.1.4. Office Area 1. Keep file drawers and desk drawers closed when not in use. 2. Do not open more than one upper drawer of a file cabinet at a time, particularly the two top drawers

of tall file cabinets. 3. Never overload file cabinet drawers, always fill bottom drawers first. Always use handles to open

drawers. 4. Files and supplies should be stored in such a manner as to preclude damage to the supplies or injury

to personnel when they are removed. 5. Keep floors clear, clean and unobstructed. Pickup pencils, paper clips, and other objects that could

cause a slip. 6. Keep all legs of your chair on the floor. Tilting could result in a fall. 7. Report any worn carpet immediately. 8. Never store boxes or other materials where people might trip. 9. Avoid hurrying around corners. 9.1.5. Computer Operators 9.1.5.1. Posture

- Feet flat on floor. - Knees should be at about a 90-degree angle (or more). - Adjust chair to provide lower back support. - Hip angle slightly more than 90 degrees. - Shoulders relaxed. - Elbows at about a 90-degree angle. - Type with straight wrists. - Tip head slightly down to view screen.- Shift your position throughout the day to keep muscles

loose and ease tension. - Experiment to find what is comfortable for you.

9.1.5.2. Equipment Positioning Keyboard

- Place on stable level surface. - Keyboard should be directly in front of you with home row about elbow height. - Move entire hand to reach function keys. - If desired, a padded wrist rest will be provided to you. - Keyboard can be flat or at low angle. If possible, and comfortable for you, vary angle slightly

during the day. - Use a light touch - don't pound!

Monitor

- Top of screen should be at, or just below, eye level. - Line of sight should be about 15 degrees below horizontal. - If you wear bifocals, see a doctor about special VDT glasses. - Sit comfortable viewing distance from screen (usually 18-24 inches from eye to screen). - Tilt screen to minimize glare and/or close window curtains. - If desired, glare screens and/or hoods are provided. - Keep screen and glare filter clean.

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- Set brightness, level low, and contrast level to achieve crisp letters, against background. Work Materials

- Source materials should be at same height, angle, and distance as computer screen. - Keyboard shall be in front of you as you type with other materials arranged to the sides of the

monitor. - Task lighting and/or document holders will be provided upon request.

9.1.5.3. Exercise/Alternative Work Breaks Do not sit for several hours in one position. Perform other work tasks and move around. Take short work breaks or alternate work tasks to alleviate fatigue.

9.2. Lifting Techniques

Injuries caused by manual material handling are the most frequent type of on-the-job accidents. However, these injuries are preventable and the following are some of the things you must do to avoid injury: 9.2.1. Preparing for the Lift

- Clear any movable obstacles out of your way, and know where unmovable ones are. - Cautiously heft the object you'll be moving to check its weight and center of gravity.

9.2.2. Alternatives to Lifting For difficult lifting tasks, you should:

- Ask a co-worker for help. - Use a pushcart or other material handling device.

Pushing a load is easier on the back than pulling is. If you must pull something:

- Face the object squarely, with one foot at least 12 inches in front of the other. - Keep your back straight, bend your knees slightly, and pull in one smooth motion.

9.2.3. Performing the Lift This is the part that causes most on-the-job back injuries. The keys to safe and easy lifting are:

- Fact the object squarely and get as close to it as possible. - Balance yourself solidly, with one foot slightly in front of the other. - Squat down, bending your knees. Keep your back straight and as nearly upright as possible. - Grip the object firmly. - Take a breath and hold it. Tighten your abdomen. - Keeping your back straight, LIFT WITH YOUR LEGS to a standing position. - Make the lift smoothly and under control.

9.2.4. Carrying and Lowering

- When carrying an object, grip it firmly and hold it as close to your body as possible. - Use a safe technique for setting the load down. - Keep your back straight. - Tighten your abdomen. - Bend at the knees. - Whenever possible, store heavy loads off the floor.

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9.2.5. Special Dangers - Do not lift objects over your head. - Do not twist your body when lifting or setting down an object. - Do not reach over an obstacle to make a lift. Move whatever is in your way or go around it. - Do not carry a load that obstructs your vision.

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Part 3

Appendix 1: IACS Joint Statement on Safety For Surveyors

Because IACS Societies all face the same hazards in similar locations around the world and all members can benefit from being involved in Safety, several of the Societies issued a joint statement on Safety for Surveyors in early 2005. The initiative focuses on the principle that the working environment, including equipment, provided for a surveyor must be safe. It identifies five key safety concerns that surveyors face. In addition, it identifies a number of clear and simple expectations specific to each of these concerns that need to be in place if serious injuries and even fatalities are to be avoided. The five concerns are:

� Entry into confined spaces � Access to, from and within the workspace � Safe plant and equipment � Working at height � Transferring between vessels at sea.

These basic safety requirements represent a minimum safety standard that would be expected to be found when working on third party sites. Where ABS personnel determine the risk to their safety to be too high they have the responsibility and right to refuse to carry out the work until it is safe to do so. The IACS members that signed this release agreed that it is our joint position that a refusal to work from one classification society (due to an unsafe condition) will represent a refusal from us all. These same safety concerns are addressed in this manual. If you find a situation in which the risk to your health and/or safety is unacceptably high, you should stop work and return to a safe location. Attempt to get the manager of the premises (or person in charge) to correct the problem. Involve your supervisor. If the premises will not correct the situation and the risk to your health and safety remains unacceptably high, you have the authority to refuse that work. Report your concerns as well as your refusal to work, to the Manager of the premise (person in charge) and your supervisor. Complete a Near Miss report, as equivalent to the form "Working together for the Safety of your Surveyors (report form)" provided at the end of this section, and submit, as applicable. If another IACS Society provides you with a completed copy of this form that they issued to a premises please forward it on to your supervisor, R/DSM, Divisional Safety Director and Divisional HRD Director immediately.

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Working Together for the Safety of our Surveyors

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Working Together for the Safety of our Surveyors (Form)

AIM

The Aim of this initiative is to positively influence the health and safety of our surveyors on third party sites by emphasizing individual responsibility and reinforcing the support of the classification societies. METHOD

In the event that you should be faced with a situation in which the risk to your health and/or safety is unacceptably high, you should:

1. STOP work (DO NOT start) and return to a safe position/location. 2. Draw the attention of the site controller to the situation and try and resolve and improve the

health and safety issues locally in order to carry out your work. 3. If this is not possible and the risk to your health and safety remains unacceptably high you have

the responsibility, authority and support to refuse to carry out that work. 4. Report your refusal to work to the site controller/relevant person and to your manager. The

manager should try to resolve the situation in order that future work is not refused. 5. Complete the following form and forward it to your respective organization’s safety manager so

that all the class societies can be informed.

Name:

Classification Society:

Date of Incident:

Location:

Describe the work to be carried out:

Why was the work stopped?

Additional Remarks:

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Appendix 2: Reserved for Future Use

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Appendix 3: Malaria Control Program

(Revised Dec. 2008) 1.0 PURPOSE

2.0 INTRODUCTION

3.0 SCOPE

4.0 DEFINITIONS

4.1 Chemoprophylaxis 4.2 Field Office 4.3 Home Office 4.4 Malaria Survival Kits 4.5 MCP Manager 4.6 Mosquito-Resistant Housing 4.7 Non-immune Person 4.8 Semi-immune Person 4.9 Travelers 5.0 PROGRAM ELEMENTS 5.1 “A” for Awareness 5.1.1 Non-immune 5.1.2 Home Office Responsibility 5.1.3 Field Office Responsibility 5.1.4 Traveler Responsibility 5.2 “B” for Bites - Personal Protection Measures 5.2.1 Home Office Responsibility 5.2.2 Field Office Responsibility 5.2.3 Traveler Responsibility 5.3 “C” for Chemoprophylaxis 5.3.1 Home Office Responsibility 5.3.2 Field Office Responsibility 5.3.3 Traveler Responsibility 5.4 “D” for Diagnosis and Treatment 5.4.1 Home Office Responsibility 5.4.2 Field Office Responsibility 5.4.3 Traveler Responsibility

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1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to communicate the essential elements of the ABS’ Malaria Control Program (MCP). The purpose of this program is to: A. Improve awareness of malaria risks among all ABS personnel. B. Reduce the risk of malaria transmission in the non-immune and semi-immune persons (see

definitions in Section 4.0). C. Minimize the serious outcomes from all malaria cases through early diagnosis and effective

treatment. D. Ensure a consistent approach to malaria prevention across all sites located in malaria endemic

areas. 2.0 INTRODUCTION

ABS is committed to protecting the safety, health and well being of its personnel and, if requested and reasonably possible, the personnel of our business partners. Recognizing that some of our operations take place in malaria endemic areas, ABS is committed to providing a comprehensive MCP based on Awareness, Bite prevention, Chemoprophylaxis, and early Diagnosis (the A-B-C-D principals of malaria prevention). This program will minimize the risks of malaria infection in non-immune and semi-immune personnel living in or visiting malaria endemic regions. The Program Manager for the ABS’ Malaria Control Program is the Director of International Personnel Relations, Corporate Human Resources. The Program Manager will review the program annually and modify it as required. 3.0 SCOPE

The MCP is applicable to all ABS Travelers (see definition of Travelers in Section 4.0) who travel to or reside in a location where malaria is a known health risk. Non-immune personnel, as defined below, will participate in all aspects of the MCP when traveling to or residing in malaria endemic areas. Semi-immune personnel will participate in all program components with the exception of using chemoprophylaxis and being tested for chemoprophylaxis use. 4.0 DEFINITIONS

4.1 Chemoprophylaxis Medication taken to prevent malaria. 4.2 Field Office An ABS office located in a malaria endemic area. A Field Office may be located in a country where there is malaria but the area in which the office is located is malaria free. (see http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/yellowBookCh5-MalariaYellowFeverTable.aspx)

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4.3 Home Office

An ABS office in a non-malaria endemic area from which Travelers depart for a Field Office. The ABS office in Houston is considered to be the Home Office for purposes of this Program. 4.4 Malaria Survival Kits Malaria Diagnostic and Curative Kits are offered to Travelers leaving malaria endemic areas. These kits contain a rapid test for the diagnosis of malaria, explicit instructions for administering the test, a medication for treatment, and a 24-hr SOS telephone hotline for questions and additional support. These kits can be obtained through the Country Manager. 4.5 MCP Manager

The Program Manager is the Director of International Employee Relations, Corporate Human Resources. This person is the company’s client contact and the point-of-contact for Program questions.

4.6 Mosquito-Resistant Housing

Housing should have adequate screening and seals to minimize the number of mosquitoes entering the building. Although, no building is completely mosquito-proof, screens and seals can substantially reduce the number of mosquitoes entering a habitat. 4.7 Non-immune Person

An individual is regarded as non-immune if:

• They were not born and raised (at least to the age of 5 years) in a location that has similar intensity of transmission and type of malaria as the location of their current malaria exposure, or if:

• They have been considered semi-immune in the past but have not been exposed to malaria for more than 12 continuous months preceding their current exposure e.g., a falciparum semi-immune person traveling to a falciparum area, following an 18 month continuous business or educational assignment in a non-falciparum malarial area.

4.8 Semi-immune Person

An individual is regarded as semi-immune if:

• They were born and raised (at least to the age of 5 years) in a location that has similar intensity of transmission and type of malaria as the location of their current malaria exposure, and they have not been away from this level of exposure for more than 12 continuous months preceding their current exposure.

• Individuals who were considered semi-immune in the past but have spent more than 12 continuous months in a non-malarial area and are returning permanently to their country of origin are still considered semi-immune. However, these individuals may benefit from taking a sub-optimal chemoprophylaxis for a short period of time for the purpose of facilitating the recovery of their immunity. This recovery period should be under the advisement of a qualified physician.

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• Individuals who are unsure if they should be regarded as semi-immune should consult their personal physician.

4.9 Travelers

ABS personnel, their immediate family members, and approved visitors who are traveling on, or residing outside their home country on Company business are defined as Travelers for purposes of this Program. 5.0 PROGRAM ELEMENTS

5.1 “A” for Awareness

ABS will increase awareness through training and educational materials to ensure understanding of malaria risks by all at-risk Travelers. 5.1.1 Non-immune

Non-immune Travelers that are assigned to work in or visit a malaria endemic area should consult with the MCP Manager before going to one of those locations. In addition, Travelers must complete an orientation on arrival at the Field Office. The educational process will be repeated annually to ensure awareness and Program compliance are maximized.

5.1.2 Home Office Responsibility

• Provide a malaria training program that is accessible by ABS Travelers.

• Ensure the ABS travel health portal contains malaria prevention advice.

• Develop a process to communicate Program components and responsibilities to at-risk Travelers. 5.1.3 Field Office Responsibility

• Develop a location-specific malaria orientation for ABS Travelers. This orientation should be both written and verbal. The format and core elements are available from the Program Manager.

• Ensure that shortly after arrival, all ABS Travelers are given a malaria orientation during which they are given a country-specific pamphlet (e.g., Malaria in Equatorial Guinea) and a Malaria Warning Card, and that key elements of the Program are presented and discussed.

• Ensure that posters containing the malaria risk message are prominently displayed in common areas. Posters may be available from the local Ministry of Health or can be ordered from the following websites:

Media Materials Clearinghouse: Health Communication Materials Database by country http://www.m-mc.org/ http://www.m-mc.org/mmc_search.php?page=1&kwm_connect=and&adv=mat&cp=&region=&mf=Poster&la=&prod=&kwm[]=Malaria

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CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/outbreak_toolkit.htm http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/toolkit/bite_protection(poster).pdf http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/toolkit/posteroutbreak1.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/toolkit/posteroutbreak2.pdf 5.1.4 Traveler Responsibility

• Complete malaria orientation shortly after arrival at the Field Office.

• Obtain a copy of the country-specific pamphlet (e.g., Malaria in Equatorial Guinea). Study it.

• Obtain a Malaria Warning Card. Carry it with you both in-country and when you return home. 5.2 “B” for Bites - Personal Protection Measures

Bite prevention at the individual level is based on creating a physical and/or chemical barrier between the person and the vector. The effectiveness of these measures is well demonstrated: The overwhelming medical consensus is to strongly recommend: (1) use of insecticide (permethrin or deltamethrin) impregnated mosquito nets, (2) permethrin treatment of clothing, (3) wearing long sleeved shirts and trousers, and (4) use of repellants for exposed skin (e.g., DEET or Picaridin). There are a variety of skin repellants that are commercially available. These products vary significantly in their effectiveness. There are marked differences in the duration of activity for each product and every product requires reapplication. However, some products are far more long lasting than others. In general, the various DEET products are the most effective.

Insect Repellent Coverage

23.8% DEET 301.5 minutes Picaridin (KBR-3023) 9.3% 120 minutes Soybean oil based 94.6 minutes IR3535 22.9 minutes Citronella based products, skin-so-soft Less than 20 minutes

5.2.1 Home Office Responsibility

• Reimburse personnel for the cost of insect repellants. 5.2.2 Field Office Responsibility

• Maintain an adequate stock of insect repellants and bed nets (if applicable) for Travelers.

• Ensure offices and housing are made mosquito-resistant to the maximum extent possible. 5.2.3 Traveler Responsibility

• Apply insect repellants according to manufacturer’s directions and use bed nets when sleeping in housing that is not adequately mosquito-resistant.

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• Wear long sleeve shirts and trousers - - particularly at dusk and dawn. 5.3 “C” for Chemoprophylaxis All non-immune Travelers will be encouraged to comply with a company approved chemoprophylaxis regimen for the duration of their assignment or visit and for the appropriate period after departure. Company approved chemoprophylaxis regimens will be based on the most current recommendations of the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) or other recognized international medical authority such as the World Health Organization (WHO). 5.3.1 Home Office Responsibility

• Establish an arrangement with a travel medicine provider convenient to the work location for Travelers to obtain a prescription for anti-malarial medication.

• Reimburse the cost of anti-malarial medications and travel medicine for Travelers.

5.3.2 Field Office Responsibility

• Establish an arrangement with a local medical provider to prescribe and to dispense anti-malarial medication.

5.3.3 Traveler Responsibility

• See the Company-designated travel medicine provider to obtain a prescription for anti-malarial medication if required. If it is not possible to see the Company-designated provider, see an alternate, qualified provider. A referral can be obtained from International SOS or from the International Society of Travel Medicine website, http://www.istm.org.

• Encouraged to comply with the chemoprophylaxis regimen recommended by the travel medicine provider. If experiencing adverse side effects, contact the travel medicine provider to determine if an alternative regimen is recommended. Refer to Company- approved travel medicine provider list.

5.4 “D” for Diagnosis and Treatment

Malaria is a true medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment as infected individuals can quickly deteriorate and die over a 24 hour period. Therefore, ABS will actively provide information and resources to assist with the early diagnosis and treatment of malaria. These resources will include pre-identified providers near the Field Office or work location with the resources and skills required to diagnose and treat malaria as well as Malaria Survival Kits and access to an International SOS 24-hour emergency phone number. The emergency wallet card advising providers that you have been in a malaria area is important to obtaining the appropriate care. 5.4.1 Home Office Responsibility

• Identify and communicate the contact details for providers near the Field Office who are able to diagnose and treat malaria

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• Purchase Malaria Survival Kits to be shipped to the Field Offices. Kits may be purchased through SMI http://www.smiequip.com/Malaria-Kit-Detailed-Description,-References-and-Links-_a295.html.

• Produce and distribute a Malaria Warning Card to all Field Offices. The card will be wallet-size, laminated, and advise healthcare professionals that the Traveler may have been exposed to malaria.

5.4.2 Field Office Responsibility

• Identify and communicate the contact details of local providers who are able to diagnose and treat malaria.

• Maintain a three month supply of Malaria Survival Kits. The required supply should be based on the number of Travelers leaving the site on a monthly basis and upcoming activities. Kits may be purchased through SMI http://www.smiequip.com/Malaria-Kit-Detailed-Description,-References-and-Links-_a295.html.

• Identify and contract a local physician to distribute the Malaria Survival Kits. Keep an adequate supply of kits at the provider’s office and reimburse the provider per agreement.

• Advise Travelers regarding the availability of the Malaria Survival Kits and how to obtain them.

• Maintain close liaison with the physician designated to issue Malaria Curative Kits. Ensure an Inventory Record is maintained indicating kits on hand, expiration date of medication, to whom kits have been issued, issued dates, and name of persons issuing the kits.

• Report all confirmed cases of malaria to the Program Manager, jcrumly@eagle.org. 5.4.3 Traveler Responsibility

• Promptly obtain treatment for any symptoms resembling malaria. Early diagnosis is very important. Present the Malaria Warning Card and the results to the physician treating you.

• Contact the International SOS 24-hour emergency hotline number prior to and following a visit to a healthcare provider for a malaria related issue.

• Report any confirmed case of malaria to the Program Manager.

• Obtain a Malaria Survival Kit before leaving the Field Office and become familiar with how to use it.

• Carefully follow the directions included in the Malaria Survival if it is used.

• If you use the Malaria Survival Kit, it is mandatory that you contact the International SOS 24-hour Hot Line at 1-215-942-8226, and contact the Program Manager.

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Appendix 4: Hazards Evaluation & Control

1.0 PURPOSE

2.0 DISCUSSION

3.0 CONFINED SPACE HAZARD EVALUATION

3.1 Hazards of Confined Space

3.2 Oxygen Deficiency

3.3 Oxygen in Excess

3.4 Toxic Chemicals

3.5 Welding

3.6 Paint Hazards

3.7 Fumigation Hazards

3.8 Solvents Used as Cleaning and Degreasing Agents

3.9 Role of A Certified Marine Chemist (also applicable to an Industrial Hygienist, Shipyard

Competent Person, or a Similarly Qualified Person)

3.10 Marine Chemist’s Certificate

3.11 Competent Person

3.12 Industrial Hygienist

3.13 Potentially Hazardous Situations

3.14 Respiratory Protection Equipment

4.0 PHYSICAL AGENTS

4.1 Noise

4.2 Heat Stress

4.3 Extremely High Temperature

4.4 Extreme Low Temperature)

5.0 DUSTS

5.1 Asbestos Fibers

5.2 Sandblasting

5.3. Lead

6.0 RADIATION

6.1 Ionizing Radiation

6.2 Non-ionizing Radiation

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Hazards Encountered in Confined Spaces

1. PURPOSE This chapter provides information to ABS personnel concerning the potential hazards encountered in confined spaces. 2. DISCUSSION Since essentially all the activities, which may expose ABS personnel to hazards in the work place will be carried out on the premises under the ownership and control of others it is impossible to anticipate all hazards. This chapter has been constructed to identify the most probable hazards and describe procedures applicable for the various types of activities and work environments, which ABS personnel may encounter. 3. CONFINED SPACE HAZARD EVALUATION 3.1. Hazards of Confined Space For purposes of this manual, a confined space is defined as a space that (1) is large enough and so configured that personnel can bodily enter and perform assigned work; (2) has limited or restricted means for entry and exit and (3) which is not designed for continuous human occupancy and natural ventilation. Entry includes ensuing activities in the confined space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of the opening into the space. Examples of confined spaces in the maritime environment include cargo tanks, cargo space ladder well, fuel and ballast tanks, cargo holds, double bottoms, voids and cofferdams, leg cans, mat tanks, pump rooms, etc. Under certain circumstances some machinery spaces and other limited access areas could also be considered confined spaces. Additional examples from the industrial sector are tanks, pressure vessels, silos, hoppers, storage bins, vaults, open pits, boilers, sewers, manholes, etc. The primary hazards are respiratory, the presence of a hazardous atmosphere, the difficulty of exiting the space in an emergency, and the difficulty of rendering assistance when necessary. Oxygen deficiency is the hazard most often encountered in confined spaces and poses the greatest danger to personnel. The dangers of oxygen deficiency are severe because the senses are useless in recognizing the hazard and its effects are swift and generally irreversible. A confined space can become oxygen deficient when the oxygen in the space is either consumed or replaced. Consumption will result from fire, decomposition of organic matter, drying of paints or coatings, rusting of metals, etc. Oxygen may be replaced by another gas such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), petroleum vapors, inert gas, etc. Flammable (combustible) Atmospheres are generally the result of flammable gases, vapors, dust mixed in certain concentrations with air, or an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Oxygen-enriched atmospheres are those atmospheres that contain an oxygen concentration greater than 22%. An oxygen- enriched atmosphere will cause flammable materials such as clothing and hair to burn violently when ignited. An atmosphere becomes flammable when the ratio of oxygen to combustible material in the air is neither too rich (Upper Explosive Limit, UEL) nor too lean (Lower Explosive Limit, LEL) for combustion to occur. Combustible gases or vapors will accumulate when there is inadequate ventilation in areas such as

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a confined space. Flammable gases such as acetylene, butane, propane, hydrogen, methane, natural or manufactured gases or vapors from liquid hydrocarbons can be trapped in confined spaces, and since many gases are heavier than air, they will seek lower levels of a space. In a closed top tank, it should also be noted that lighter than air gases may rise and develop a flammable concentration if trapped above the opening. The work being conducted in a confined space can generate a flammable atmosphere. Work such as spray painting, coating, or the use of flammable solvents for cleaning can result in the formation of an explosive atmosphere. Welding or cutting with oxyacetylene equipment can also be the cause of an explosion in a confined space and shall not be allowed without a hot work permit. Oxygen and acetylene hoses may have small leaks in them that could generate an explosive atmosphere and, therefore, should be removed when not in use. The atmosphere shall be tested continuously while any hot work is being conducted within the confined space. Workers die because:

- They do not recognize the hazards, - They trust their senses, - They underestimate the danger, - They become complacent, - They try to "save their buddy".

3.2. Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen is essential to life; normal atmosphere has an oxygen content of 20.8% by volume. In general, a Marine Chemist will not certify a space as safe for workers unless his oxygen indicator shows 20.8%. In

no case should ABS personnel enter into any space where the oxygen content is less than 20.8%. For emergency situations see Appendix 4, para. 3.16. Oxygen deficiency can only be detected by the use of appropriate equipment; it cannot be determined through an individual's senses. Oxygen deficiency may arise through dilution or displacement by gases or vapors of volatile chemicals, which might otherwise not be considered hazardous. Such gases are referred to as simple asphyxiants (e.g., argon, helium and nitrogen). Chemical or biological reaction processes may consume oxygen. Certain cargoes or residues of cargoes, such as, but not limited to, scrap iron, coal products, grain products, fresh fruits, wood chips (pellets), molasses, and various vegetable-drying oils slowly use up oxygen. Even in open holds such action has resulted in oxygen deficient atmospheres and fatalities. Oxidation, or rusting, of ferrous metals is itself an oxygen consuming process; “torching”, a process by which oxygen in a space is consumed by a burning candle in order to inhibit rusting, is yet another factor. The procedure in which a cargo tank or space is filled with inert gas to render it "safe for hot work" (e.g., for welding) will also displace enough oxygen to make the tank's atmosphere immediately dangerous to life. Oxygen may be displaced if a supply hose used in inert gas welding is not properly secured at the end of workday. Enough argon or helium may leak during the night or weekend to displace oxygen to a dangerous level. Spaces in which gas-welding equipment has remained overnight must be tested to ensure a safe oxygen content. [NOTE: Argon gas is heavier than air and will tend to linger in low-lying areas; helium, being lighter than air, will displace oxygen in the upper areas of the space.] 3.3. Oxygen in Excess A condition where excessive oxygen exists is rare but it can occur, particularly when entry takes place to spaces at time of steel works or works requiring the use of steel cutting equipment. Atmospheres containing oxygen in excess of the normal air content of approximately 20.8% may become a dangerous

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and explosive hazard. ABS personnel should be familiar with or request information of the shipyard or vendor in respect to their safety policy, instructions to the workers, and precautions instructed to be taken at time of using oxygen/acetylene cutting equipment within confined spaces. In the event it is noted that no safety policy in this respect has been implemented, the ABS personnel are to ask for an immediate remedy to it. 3.4. Toxic Chemicals Toxic vapors, gases, and particles may be found in many work areas and emergency locations under various conditions. The symptoms of exposure may be severe and immediate, or progressively debilitating years after exposure. The severe immediate effect referred to as acute toxicity, usually results from a single exposure to a high concentration of a toxic substance. A delayed effect, called chronic toxicity, may result from repeated low concentration exposures to toxic substances. The symptoms of low level exposures may take many years to manifest themselves. Toxic substances may have good or poor warning properties. The presence of a toxic chemical may be quite apparent because of its odor; but personnel must not rely on their sense of smell to detect

chemical vapors. Some chemicals deaden the sense of smell or cannot be detected by smell at hazardous concentrations (e.g., hydrogen sulfide and propylene oxide). Smoking or consumption of alcoholic beverages may accelerate toxic effects, or make the individual vulnerable to lower concentrations of chemicals, which might not be hazardous without the influence of alcohol or smoking. For example, alcohol in the blood stream intensifies the effects of inhaled or ingested Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride. The heat in a cigarette may cause vapors to break down to a more toxic product, such as phosgene. Threshold Limit Values (TLV's). Chemical exposure limits have been established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for over 400 commonly shipped chemicals. These exposure limits are expressed in parts per million (ppm) or, in the case of particulates, as milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3). The ACGIH pamphlet "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices", (referred to as the "TLV Guide", a copy of which is on file with the Division Safety Director), provides annual updates of both TLV-time weighted average (TWA) and TLV-short term exposure limit (STEL). The TLV's listed in the Guide are recognized by industrial hygienists as concentrations that can be safely tolerated by most individuals for 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week. TLV's are based on the best available information and represent TWA values (i.e., concentrations of atmospheric pollutants may vary above and below the listed value during an 8-hour exposure). Thus, the TLV represents the average concentration over the period of time of measurement. In addition to the TLV, there is a short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) for some chemicals where no toxic effects have been reported from high short-term exposures. A STEL is defined as a 15-minute time weighted average exposure, which must not be exceeded during the workday. STEL exposures must not be repeated more than four times per day and there must be at least 60 minutes between exposures. In cases involving sequential or simultaneous exposure to different chemicals, additive toxicity probably occurs, i.e., one chemical will neither enhance nor inhibit the effect of the other chemical, and the effect of the two together will equal the sum of the two individually. When the chemicals do not follow the additive model, the interaction is synergistic or agonistic; their effect is greater (or less) than the sum of the effects of the two chemicals' independent effects. Another possibility is potentiation. This condition occurs when one substance is made more potent in the presence of the other substance. Thus, the TLV for a mixture of chemical vapors may be exceeded even though the TLV for none of the constituents has been. Some of the chemicals listed in the TLV Guide have "Ceiling Values" (TLV-C). These are the maximum values that personnel should not be exposed

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to, values that should never be exceeded. The TLV is a concentration limit established to protect most individuals against long or short-term hazards of a chemical. The ceiling value and values obtained by excursion factor exposure limits are referred to collectively as a "guide". However, they have been codified in 29 CFR 1915.1000 (Subpart Z - Toxic and Hazardous Substances). These are the (U.S.) OSHA regulation guides for exposure to hazardous chemicals. The OSHA standards are referred to as "Permissible Exposure Limits" (PEL). Toxic Cargoes. Most chemicals exhibit some degree of toxicity. Some chemicals may be lethally toxic in minute quantities; others may have little or no effect at the time of exposure, but cause debilitating effects years later. Certain chemicals affect the nervous system, causing the individual to feel groggy or

nauseous. In this condition, the individual becomes highly susceptible to serious injuries from

slipping, tripping, or falling. Certain activities have the potential for adverse chemical vapor exposure. Do not enter spaces that may contain cargo vapors unless they have been tested and certified "Safe for Workers" by a Certified Marine Chemist or in accordance with a "Safe Work Practice" authorized by the RSM/DSM. Carbon Monoxide (CO). Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless, non-irritating gas that is slightly lighter than air. CO is the product of incomplete combustion. It is found in smoke and fumes from all burning substances, and in the exhaust gases from all internal combustion engines. When inhaled, the hemoglobin, that part of the blood stream whose normal function is to carry oxygen, absorbs carbon monoxide. Hemoglobin has an affinity for carbon monoxide about 200 times greater than for oxygen; consequently, absorption of the gas is quite rapid. As the hemoglobin becomes saturated with carbon monoxide, death ultimately occurs from oxygen starvation. However, long before that point is reached, pronounced physical disturbances occur. A carbon monoxide concentration of 0.05 percent (500 ppm) may produce unconsciousness in a little more than an hour, and may prove fatal in 4 hours. Higher concentrations may cause almost immediate unconsciousness and death within a few minutes. Resuscitation measures are usually successful with victims of carbon monoxide poisoning if they have not been exposed for too long a time, or to too great a concentration of the gas. Repeated exposures produce the same effect each time. The danger of carbon monoxide poisoning is greatest in confined spaces where internal combustion engines are operated. It is also known that Carbon Monoxide has been developed in Cargo Spaces carrying cereals/vegetables (organic products) that may generate spontaneous combustion that remain incomplete causing the subject generation of carbon monoxide in relevant quantities. In order to ensure safe entry into such spaces the ventilators should be in operation and the carbon monoxide concentration is to be below 50 ppm. In the case of cargo spaces, as stated above, confirmatory checks of the space atmosphere should be required by the Surveyor at time of first entry when the space has not been entered for an extended period of time while carrying these types of goods due to the cargo hatches remaining closed. Carbon Monoxide (CO). Hydrogen Sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable gas with an offensive odor reminiscent of rotten eggs. While the human nose can detect the scent of hydrogen sulfide at concentrations as low as 1 ppm or less, the nose is not a reliable guide. Hydrogen sulfide will deaden

the sense of smell. As a person breathes, the strong odor of hydrogen sulfide seems to disappear.

The primary hazard of hydrogen sulfide is its toxicity. Death is very rapid if concentrations in the range of 1,000-2,000 ppm are breathed. Respiratory paralysis with consequent asphyxia will result from exposure to concentrations of 700-900 ppm. Over time, concentrations of 10-50 ppm may cause headache, fatigue, cough, burning or watery eyes, gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and insomnia. Eye irritation has been reported from exposure to concentrations below 10 ppm, the current TLV. Personnel may work in the presence of low concentrations (10 ppm) of hydrogen sulfide for several hours or even days before experiencing irritation or discomfort. Symptoms of eye irritation generally start after several

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hours of exposure and may not appear until after the workday is over. Personnel may encounter hydrogen sulfide when they are exposed to “sour” crude oil or in confined spaces containing decaying organic

material. Hydrogen sulfide has also been found in dangerous concentrations in mat tanks and spuds of offshore drilling units. Remember that hydrogen sulfide has a density greater than air, and it is

therefore located at the bottom of confined spaces.

The concentration of hydrogen sulfide released into the air by sour crude can be lethal. During one topping-off operation, for example, the sour crude oil going into a tank had hydrogen sulfide concentration of only 70 ppm; however, the vapor stream coming out of an ullage opening in the tank measured a deadly 7,000 ppm. Personnel conducting on board inspections during loading operations of sour crude should always stand upwind from all cargo tank opening. When inspection personnel enter cargo tanks that have contained sour crude, or confined spaces containing organic materials, the hydrogen sulfide level in the atmosphere should be checked. Remember that hydrogen sulfide has a density

greater than air, and it is therefore located at the bottom of confined spaces. Benzene. Benzene, also known as benzol, is a toxic substance. The Environmental Protection Agency has classified benzene as a known human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have also determined that benzene has been linked to the development of blood cancers and blood disorders several years after exposure. Benzene is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. Benzene evaporates into air very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. Benzene is highly flammable. Most people can begin to smell benzene in air at 1.5-4.7 parts of benzene per million parts of air (ppm) and smell benzene in water at 2 ppm. Most people can begin to taste benzene in water at 0.5-4.5 ppm. One part per million is approximately equal to one drop in 40 gallons. Benzene is found in air, water, and soil. Benzene comes from both industrial and natural sources. Brief exposure (5-10 minutes) to very high levels of benzene in air (10,000-20,000 ppm) can result in death. Lower levels (700-3,000 ppm) can cause drowsiness, dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, tremors, confusion, and unconsciousness. In most cases, people will stop feeling these effects when they are no longer exposed and begin to breathe fresh air. Hexavalent Chromium Compounds – which is written as chromium (VI) or Cr(VI). There are many hexavalent chromium compounds in industrial use, including: chromate pigments in dyes, paints, inks, and plastics; chromates added as anticorrosive agents to paints, primers, and other surface coatings; and chromic acid used to electroplate chromium onto metal parts to provide a decorative or protective coating. Hexavalent chromium can also be formed during “hot work”, such as the welding, brazing, and cutting of stainless steel or other chromium-containing metals and the melting of chromium metal. In these situations, the chromium metal is not originally hexavalent, but the high temperatures involved in the process result in oxidations that convert the chromium to a hexavalent state. Workplace exposures to Cr(VI) in welding are dependent upon a variety of conditions including the type of material used, the type of welding performed, and the welding environment. Welding activities with the greatest potential for exposure to Cr(VI) include welding stainless steel and welding in confined spaces or indoor conditions, on both stainless steel carbon (mild) steel. Welding fumes may generate from the base metal and applied coatings, electrode coatings, or from the filler metal or flux. High-chromium nickel allow electrodes and chromium-containing filler metals produce significant hexavalent chromium fume. Similarly, certain types of base metals contain greater percentages of chromium than others and

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will result in more Cr(VI) in the welding fume. The following types of welding may result in Cr(VI) exposures exceeding the PEL, in order from highest to lowest likely exposures: thermal cutting (plasma cutting); shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); gas metal arc welding (GMAW); flux-cored arc welding (FCAW); air cutting, are gouging; plasma welding; and oxy-fuel welding, SMAW, GMAW, and FCAW welding use an electrode and filler metal that may contain Cr(VI); therefore, exposures are possible during those operations even when welding on a non-stainless steel base material. Painting operations with the greatest potential for overexposures to Cr(VI) are spray painting, abrasive blasting for the removal of Cr(VI)-containing paint or primer, sanding, and grinding on Cr(VI)-coated materials. The primary hexavalent chromium compounds found in paints and primers are strontium chromate and zinc chromate. Foundry, Steel Mill, and Other Molten Metal Handling operations with the greatest potential for overexposure to Cr(VI) are furnace and crane operations, molten metal pouring and transfer, tapping, surface conditioning, hot rolling, torch cutting and gouging, and welding. The primary occupational health effect associated with hexavalent chromium compounds is an increased risk of lung cancer from inhalation exposures. In addition, health effects associated with exposure to chromium (VI) can include airway sensitizations, or asthma, skin sensitizations, e.g., allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, nasal and skin ulcerations, and eye irritation. 3.5. Welding Toxic fumes may be generated during certain welding operations, especially in an enclosed space. Ozone and nitrogen oxide gases are produced during heli-arc and argon arc welding. Ozone attacks the lungs and exposure to as little as 20 ppm could be lethal within a few hours; if ozone is present with about an equal amount of nitrogen dioxide, its toxicity increases. Nitrogen dioxide also attacks the lungs and has poor warning properties. Dangerous amounts of nitrogen dioxide can be inhaled without discomfort, triggering pulmonary edema, which may be considered chemically induced pneumonia. Welding of certain metal surfaces can have lethal consequences. For example, the heating of cadmium-plated metals produces highly toxic fumes that can kill in several minutes. Certain welding rods may be coated with highly toxic materials, such as lead, aluminum, and zinc, which require protective measures. Before proceeding through an area where welding is taking place, the type of welding and the nature of the operation should be ascertained If the welders are wearing respirators, then the surrounding atmosphere may be

hazardous to breathe and the area is to be avoided.

3.6 Paint Hazards Painting in an enclosed space without adequate ventilation or respiratory protection is an unsafe practice. Toluene and certain Ketones used as solvents and thinners can have a narcotic effect. The painter is liable to become nauseous or develop a headache, and may ultimately become unconscious and die. Personnel should always exercise caution in freshly painted spaces and paint storage areas. In addition to the narcotic effect, the curing process will consume oxygen, making the space oxygen-deficient, and giving off carbon monoxide. 3.7. Fumigation Hazards Fumigation has resulted in injury and death to workers and crewmembers. Grain cargoes are frequently fumigated during storage in the grain elevator or in transit in rail cars. Subsequent loading on barges or ships may occur while these fumigants remain in the grain, endangering personnel entering such hold spaces. Grain cargoes may also be fumigated on board a vessel or barge. Signs warning of fumigation operations are required to be posted upon all gangways, ladders, and other points of access to the ship, and entrances to the spaces designated as not safe for workers. In addition, spaces next to fumigated

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spaces must not be entered into unless tested and found safe for entry. Any space that has been posted

not safe for workers shall NEVER BE ENTERED.

3.8. Solvents Used As Cleaning and Degreasing Agents Most of these substances exhibit chronic and acute toxicity properties; many are Halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. carbon tetrachloride). The most common symptoms resulting from acute exposure to high concentrations of these chemicals are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and unconsciousness. If unconsciousness occurs, it may be followed by sudden death due to fibrillation (rapid, irregular contractions) of the heart or respiratory failure. Repeated exposure to considerable lower concentrations of these Halogenated hydrocarbons may result in severe kidney and liver damage, which may eventually cause death. These chronic symptoms may not appear for 15 to 20 years after the exposure. Methyl chloroform, Trichlorethylene, Perchloroethylene, and carbon Tetrachloride may be found in solvents used as degreasing agents. "Carbon-tet," which is being removed from the market, can cause sudden unconsciousness and death in high concentrations, and has been implicated as a carcinogen with repeated, routine exposure to low concentrations. Perchloroethylene has also come under suspicion as a carcinogen. Tetrachloroethane, which is an excellent solvent for a number of paints and lacquers, has no particular warning properties and can produce severe poisoning from continuous exposure to low concentrations. [NOTE: Fluorinated hydrocarbons are generally safer than chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons.] Exposure to Halogenated hydrocarbons may be encountered in routine operations when such products are being used for cleaning. Care should be taken in enclosed spaces. Do not enter any spaces in which

cleaning solvents are being used. 3.9. Role of the Certified Marine Chemist - also applicable to an Industrial Hygienist, a Shipyard Competent Person, or a Similarly Qualified Person The certified Marine Chemist tests cargo tanks and other confined spaces and boundaries to ensure that these spaces are safe for alterations and repairs. A space may be designated "safe (not safe) for workers" and/or "safe (not safe) for hot work." In order for a space to be designated "safe for workers," the Marine Chemist must determine that the atmosphere in the space has a minimum of 19.5% oxygen by volume and that toxic vapors are below TLV's, as designated in the ACGIH's TLV Guide (note: ABS requires a

minimum of 20.8% oxygen by volume). The Marine Chemist must personally determine the condition of the tank or confined space, and test its atmosphere with appropriate instruments to ensure that it is safe. 3.10. Marine Chemist's Certificate The certificate, which the Marine Chemist prepares on site, must be posted in a conspicuous location aboard where it can easily be examined by anyone who might enter the tanks or other compartments. - The following must be confirmed:

- Issue time and date, - Vessel location, - Compare the data on previous cargoes (last three loadings) with the test methods for

compatibility.

The Surveyor should examine the body of the certificate for the safety designations and additional instructions or precautions, such as ventilation, fire watch, or protective equipment. The Marine Chemist's certificate should be carefully examined each time a confined space is entered. A Marine Chemist's certificate is valid for up to 24 hours, provided conditions are maintained and the prescribed work has commenced within 24 hours of the certificate. The “Shipyard Competent Person” under certain situations can maintain the certificate issued by the Marine Chemist.

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3.11. Competent Person A Competent Person is a person who has been trained in the hazards of Confined Spaces and is knowledgeable about the use of equipment and procedures for ascertaining that a confined space is safe for entry with respect to the hazards that may exist with the particular Confined Space to be entered. When the local jurisdiction requires or recommends such persons to be certified, the person performing such work must possess such certification required or recommended. The Competent Person can check the atmosphere in confined spaces for the level of oxygen and flammable vapors. The Competent Person cannot initiate entry into spaces where previous cargoes were toxic, corrosive, or irritant in nature. Testing by the Competent Person may include toxic vapor tests as required to maintain the conditions of a certificate, as directed by the Marine Chemist. The employer (contractor) having control of the work on OSHA Form 73 (in the U.S.) or equivalent must designate the Competent Person. The Competent Person must log all tests on OSHA Form 74 (in the U.S.) or equivalent. Such form must be examined to determine that the appropriate testing has been conducted. 3.12. Industrial Hygienist The Industrial Hygienist (although basically trained in engineering, physics, chemistry, or biology) has usually acquired by additional study and experience knowledge of the effects upon health caused by chemical and physical agents under various levels of exposure. The Industrial Hygienist is involved with the monitoring and analytical methods to detect the extent of exposure, and the engineering and other methods used for hazard control. An Industrial Hygienist is normally authorized to test for toxic atmospheric contaminants in confined spaces prior to conducting shipyard activities not involving hot work. The results of tests carried out by an Industrial Hygienist are to be reported on OSHA Form 74 (in the U.S.) or equivalent form. In accordance with the applicable IMO Resolutions on MARPOL Annex IV, “Sewage” means drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets and urinals, drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bay or hospital) via wash basins, wash tubs and scuppers located in such premises. Also drainage from spaces containing living animals and other similar waste waters when mixed with the drainages, as defined before. It is known that some vessels have been fitted with means to dispose Sewage within structural tanks, including After Peak or even Top Side Wing Tanks. Subject tanks, in general, are known as designated or had been originally designated as Ballast Tanks. Access to these types of tanks is to be made by the ABS Surveyors only if all necessary precautions and verifications have been taken to place and to certify the involved space, as safe and healthy for entry. Necessary tests and certification, for this purpose, is to be carried out by a recognized and duly qualified hygienist or person capable to perform the appropriate tests and verifications. Reference is made to the applicable standards set forth by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 3.13 Potentially Hazardous Situations In case there are any questions about the certificate, the space must not be entered until the shipyard representative, the ship owner, or a representative contacts the Marine Chemist, or other similarly qualified person, and has the space re-certified. Despite a Marine Chemist's certificate, personnel must be alert for any signs that might indicate that the space is unsafe. Odors from a space should not be ignored, but a lack of odors does not guarantee a safe atmosphere either. Any unusual circumstance should be regarded as a warning signal. The Marine Chemist's certificate is good evidence, but it is not an infallible document. Unless the information on the document is current, its value is meaningless. Natural occurrences can make a space hazardous quite easily (residues may vaporize, pipelines may clog, and vapors may leak out of rust, scale, or insulation and contaminate the space).

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Confined spaces that have contained bulk liquids, gases, or solids of a toxic, corrosive, or irritant nature, and have been certified for entry; must be continuously forced ventilated during the inspection. The Marine Chemist or Competent Person prior to entry must retest spaces to be entered in which ventilation has been removed. If conditions have not changed, ventilation should be re-started before entry is made. At least three air changes should occur before entering the space. The time required for one air change can be verified by determining the volume of the confined space in cubic feet (L x W x H) then dividing by the blower capacity (rating). The capacity is normally marked on the blower and is given in cubic feet per minute (CFM). The resultant answer will give the time in minutes required for one air change. If additional ventilation equipment is utilized, then their total capacity is used for the calculations. 3.14. Respiratory Protection Equipment ABS personnel must not enter a dangerous atmosphere where the use of respiratory protection equipment is required. The following is provided for information only in the event that such equipment is needed for exiting a space or compartment in an emergency situation. A respirator must fit correctly so that its protective capability is delivered. Respirators must fit as perfectly as possible, offering a good seal with the face. Any facial hair between the sealing surface of the face piece and the skin shall not be allowed. This includes stubble, a mustache, sideburns, or a beard. [NOTE: A single day's growth of beard can prevent a good seal.] A person who is trained to test for proper fit and seal must correctly fit all respiratory devices to the wearer. Individuals who may be required to wear and use respiratory protection equipment shall be trained in its proper use and care, and fit-tested for the particular device to be used. The pressure-demand type Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is the only type that should be used in atmospheres that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). Several types of respirators are available, as noted in the following text. However, in the U.S. approved respirators must carry a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Mine Safety and Health Administrator (MSHA) approval number, starting with the letters "TC" for use in the maritime environment. This guideline may be followed internationally.

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). The SCBA provides maximum respiratory protection and may be carried by an individual during emergency situations. This device has a self-contained air supply and a full-face piece. It offers the greatest protection against toxic and/or oxygen-deficient atmospheres. Proper fit and positive pressure within the facemask prevent hazardous air from reaching the wearer. A pressure-demand device ensures that positive pressure is maintained to prevent leakage of contaminants into the face piece (and to the wearer). Supplied-Air Breathing Apparatus. This device relies on air passed through a length of hose to the wearer. The vulnerability of the hose, the possibility of it becoming entangled or snagged, and its 300-foot length limits an otherwise effective respiratory device. This type of protection is not suitable for use in toxic atmospheres. [NOTE: The location of the air supply inlet for the hose should be carefully considered, to avoid pumping contaminated air to the individual wearing the equipment.] Chemical Cartridge or Canister Air Breathing Apparatus. This offers the least degree of protection. Utilizing a chemical filter, this device is effective only against low concentrations of toxic chemicals and relies on the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere. It must be stressed that these units only filter air, they do not supply it. They are only effective for short periods of time, varying with concentrations of vapors being filtered. The higher the vapor concentrations, the shorter the effective time of the filter. This type of device should be used only when the identity and concentration of the contaminant are known, and when it can be determined that the contaminant will be adsorbed or neutralized by the selected filtering media, and when there is sufficient oxygen present.

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Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD). This device provides air for escape only. An EEBD should never be used to enter a hazardous atmosphere. These devices are self-contained and easily carried. They are designed to be easily donned over the head and to provide breathing air for 5 minutes. EEBDs are intended for use when there is potential for adverse exposure to chemicals, such as during cargo transfer operations, topside inspection of loaded (loading) tank vessel or barges. 4.0. PHYSICAL AGENTS

4.1. Noise. Noise induced hearing loss may be temporary or permanent, depending on the level and frequency characteristics of the noise, the duration of exposure, and the susceptibility of the individual. Usually, temporary losses of hearing sensitivity diminish and the original sensitivities are restored within about 16 hours. Permanent losses are irreversible and cannot be corrected by conventional surgical or therapeutic procedures. Noise-induced hearing loss will initially be observed as a loss of hearing in the higher frequency range (4,000 Hz). If high-level exposures are continued, the loss of hearing will further increase around 4,000 Hz and spread into the lower (2,000 Hz) speech frequency range. Considerable difficulty in hearing conversational speech will be noticed when the hearing loss expands into the lower frequencies. ABS personnel may be exposed to excessive noise when they are near specific shipyard operations, such as hull sandblasting. They also encounter impact noise when they are in a confined space (e.g., a cargo tank, and pounding or grinding work is being conducted on or in the tank). When in areas

of high noise levels (85 db or higher) ear protection is to be used.

4.2. Heat Stress. Heat stress is defined as the total net heat load on the body, with contributions from exposure to external (environmental) sources, and internal metabolic heat production. Exposure to heat stress conditions can produce physiological responses or displacement of functions referred to as heat strain, and is characterized by an increase in "core" or "deep body temperature," heart rate, blood flow to the skin, and water and salt loss due to sweating. Conditions of excessive heat stress may occur either when the physical work is too heavy or the environment is too hot. As heat impinges upon personnel working in temperate environments, the first response is a sensation of discomfort. This discomfort increases as thermoregulatory adjustments are made to counteract thermal stresses on the body. Inefficiency in the performance of non-physical tasks, an increased propensity to minor accidents, and changes in the emotional tone of workers are found in association with these changes in sensation and body temperature. As the heat stress on the body increases, the following heat disorders may manifest themselves: Prickly Heat. This is a condition in which dysfunction of the sweat glands, prevents sweat from reaching the skin surface and evaporating. The worker suffers from distressing sensations of prickling, tingling, and burning over the skin surface as the body tries to lose heat by sweating. Red, itchy rashes appear on parts of the body that have been covered by clothing. These rashes may persist for several days or weeks. Heat Cramps. These are painful intermittent spasms of the voluntary muscles following hard physical work in a hot environment. Cramps usually occur after heavy sweating, and often begin at the end of a work shift. Heat Exhaustion. Profuse sweating, weakness, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea, and headache evidence heat exhaustion. The skin is cool and sometimes pale and clammy with sweat. Body temperature is normal or subnormal. Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness may occur. Heat Stroke. In this condition, sweating is diminished or absent; the skin is hot, dry, and flushed. If uncontrolled, increased body temperature may lead to delirium, convulsions, coma, and even death. Medical care is urgently needed. The primary method to reduce heat stress on the body is the

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acclimatization of personnel. In a heat-stress-full situation, a person acclimatized to heat will have a lower heart rate, a lower body temperature, a higher sweat rate, and more dilute (containing less salt) sweat than a person who is not acclimatized at the start of exposure to excessive heat. Both work and heat stress are required to initiate the body changes that result in acclimatization. Working in the heat for about two hours per day for a week or two will result in essentially full acclimatization. Acclimatization can be reduced by a measurable amount after only a few days of not working in hot working conditions. During and after acclimatization periods, fluid (water) and electrolyte (salt) levels must be maintained. Personnel new to the marine field and personnel returning from illness or leave should be given adequate time to acclimate to hot working conditions. If work is to be performed under the above conditions, the heat exposure limit must be maintained at or below the applicable Threshold Limit Value (TLV) established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) to protect personnel from the risk of acute heat illness. Note that the TLV's established by ACGIH are based on the worker wearing light summer clothing. They are not valid when wearing protective clothing, since this clothing impairs the body's normal heat exchange mechanisms (i.e., evaporation, convection, and Radiation). 4.3. The ACGIH and the US Department of Labors/Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) advise about certain extremely high temperatures, in association with levels of relative humidity, that may cause workers to experience from varying degrees of discomfort (30C to 39C / 92F to 101F), uncomfortable conditions (40C to 45C / 102F to 124F), and many types of work restrictions to be considered by the employer (at 46C / 125F and above). In this regard, ABS requires that the management of the local office where in-the-Field personnel may face extremely high temperatures (40C / 102F and above), implement safety precautions and below recommendations to reduce heat stress, for the personnel working in the-Field. Local offices shall also take into consideration any applicable requirements from Divisional Management, local regulations, experience from facilities established in their area and any other established practices. Recommended methods to reduce heat stress: (Note: Other methods may be considered.):

• Specific Equipment, including PPE, to carry out outdoor works and/or in confined spaces

• Provide products such as water, isotonic drinks or solving powders, etc, to stay hydrated

• In cooperation with the clients, the use of facilities such as location for resting (e.g. cool room or shaded locations) made available to the ABS employees working outdoor and/or spaces under these extreme conditions. With regard to facilities, the use of normally provided means by the Local Shipyards, Vessels and their Heat Management Programs in consultation with the subject facility's managers.

The ABS management of the local office should implement a program for acclimatization of new employees and for those returning from extended time away (e.g. home leave, vacation). Whenever possible in consultation with the owners and/or shipyard, the attending Surveyor should schedule surveys of spaces to avoid the hottest part of the day. Anytime a Surveyor is feeling the effects of the heat, the Surveyor is to immediately stop work until normal conditions return. Reference is made to the ABS Safety Orientation Checklist - Form No. 1. ABS Occupational Health and Safety Department will put in place, on regular basis, the issuance and re-edition of training material (e.g. Tool Box Talks) and training resources provision for all the ABS personnel, with regard to the subject Heat Related Illness/Working at High Temperatures.

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4.4. Extreme Low Temperature. ABS personnel working in cold environments need to understand the interaction between ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, personnel protective equipment and task being performed. In order to limit the risk during operational activities due to cold stress and further prevent local cold injuries and general freezing, specific preventative measures should be evaluated and introduced during the planning and execution of the daily work activities. Refer to the ABS Guide for Vessels Operating in Low Temperature Environments for recommendations on the type of clothing and equipment required to work in these low temperature conditions. 5.0. DUSTS 5.1. Asbestos Fibers The breathing of minute fibers of asbestos may eventually lead to asbestosis, a debilitating condition of the lungs. It has also been implicated in otherwise rare forms of cancer, pleural Mesothelioma and peritoneal Mesothelioma, as well as cancers of the lung, stomach, colon, rectum, and esophagus. Asbestos has been widely used as an insulating material on ships because of its fire-resistant properties. However, recent documentaries and publicity given to its carcinogenic properties have compelled its replacement with less hazardous materials, such as fiberglass. Structures (including ships) in an overhaul status may sometimes undergo a process referred to as “ripping out”. This process of removing asbestos insulation results in dangerously high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air. Personnel should be apprised of any asbestos removal operations and shall avoid areas where "rip out" operations are being conducted unless they have the required protective clothing and respiratory protective equipment. Ventilation and respiratory protection are essential during asbestos removal operations. Asbestos dust, in minute yet dangerous quantities, may persist for months after the apparent removal of asbestos material. The danger appears to be related to fiber size and shape. Those particles most dangerous to humans are microscopic, not discernible by the unaided eye. Also, they are not easily detected by instruments as chemical vapors can be. Fibers must be collected and counted under a special microscope by an Industrial Hygienist. Asbestos insulating blankets are another source of releasing asbestos fibers into the air. These insulating blankets have been used for furnaces, steam pipes and numerous industrial applications in which heat from steel furnaces and welding torches have posed a danger. Asbestos insulating and welding blankets, as well as asbestos gloves, aprons and full fire suits are manufactured from asbestos fabric and/or lined with asbestos. Like any fabric, these materials are subject to normal wear and fraying. They can also be torn open, releasing asbestos fibers into the work environment. Although asbestos insulating blankets, welding blankets, aprons and gloves have been phased out over the past few decades in favor of silica and carbon fiber fabrics in most countries, the use of asbestos may continue in some areas. Surveyors should be become familiar with the material used in the yards they attend and take the necessary precautions if they note damaged or frayed blankets. 5.2. Sandblasting In sandblasting, a stream of sand is projected under pressure of 60-120 psi to prepare metallic surfaces for the application of paint or other coatings. This method of abrasive cleaning, which is employed to treat both external and internal surfaces, produces a high concentration of respirable free silica within the working atmosphere. There is an association between the levels and duration of exposure to free silica

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and the onset of silicosis. Silicosis is the permanent deposition of particulate material in the lungs (pneumoconiosis) that is caused by the inhalation of finely divided silicon dioxide in the free state. The silicon dioxide may be in a crystalline form, such as quartz. The particles gradually become concentrated and discrete modular lesions of translucent fibrous tissue develop in the lungs. This fibrous tissue reduces the lungs' ability to supply oxygen to the blood. Although personnel are not directly involved in sandblasting operations, they can still be exposed to silica. The presence of suspended silica has been measured in various areas of operation during non-blasting periods. In many instances where the job sites were located close to or downwind from the blasting site, the workers were exposed to levels of respirable silica dust several times greater than the TLV (see paragraph 3.3). The TLV for silica is dependent on the percent of quartz in the blasting agent. The higher the percent of quartz in the agent the lower the TLV. Personnel should ascertain what type of agent is being used; if quartz-bearing sand is being used, the blasting area should be avoided or respiratory protection used. Information concerning the quartz content is normally printed on the bags containing the blasting agent. 5.3. Lead. Lead can be absorbed into the body by inhalation or ingestion. Lead poisoning can cause severe damage to blood forming, urinary, nervous and reproductive functions, affecting the brain, nerves, muscles, child bearing and reducing sexual activity. Lead accumulates in the body and poisoning can occur at low exposures over long periods (chronic) as well as at high exposures (acute). Personal protective equipment may be required including respiratory protection for exposure levels exceeding 50 micrograms per cubic meter. Exposures to lead ingestion occur primarily in activities related to painted metal structures during repair, renovation, maintenance and demolition and in general industry activities such as foundries. ABS personnel are to satisfy themselves that exposure levels requiring respiratory protection will not be exceeded before entering such areas. To minimize effects in case of contamination, shower thoroughly

and change clothes after exposure. NOTE: ALL ABS PERSONNEL SHOULD BE AWARE OF THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BEING USED BY THE WORKERS AROUND THEM. IF THE WORKERS ARE WEARING SPECIAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OR RESPIRATORY GEAR, THEN ABS PERSONNEL SHALL AVOID THE AREA. 6.0. RADIATION 6.1. Ionizing Radiation

The term radiation as used in this manual refers to a number of types of electromagnetic energy of varying wavelengths. Ionizing radiation refers to those wavelengths, which produce electric charges in air or other matter with which they come in contact. Ionizing radiation can take the form of both electromagnetic radiation (gamma and x-rays) and particulate radiation (neutron, alpha, beta, proton etc.). Ionizing radiation can damage living tissue and vital organs. ABS personnel who may be engaged in areas adjacent to radiation areas are to be provided with personal monitoring devices; they are not to enter the radiation safety area without prior approval of their supervisor, and in such cases will be required to wear a personal radiation monitoring device. 6.2. Non-ionizing Radiation Non-ionizing radiation is also part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and includes, in addition to visible light, infrared and ultra-violet light, lasers, microwaves and radio waves.

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Ultraviolet. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation can result in serious damage to the eyes and skin damage associated with “sunlight”. Sunlight is the principal source of exposure to UV, but various welding processes also produce it.

Microwave. The term microwave refers to electro-magnetic radiation normally propagated in the atmosphere by FM and radar transmitters. The primary effect of exposure to microwaves of sufficient intensity and time is an intolerable rise of body temperature.

Radio Frequency Radiation. The most common sources of high frequency radiation (HF) are HF whip and broad band antennas. Exposure to HF can aggravate existing dermatitis, impair vision and cause temporary sterility. ABS personnel should stay at least 12 ft. from HF antennas at all times unless it is known for certain that they are not operating at more than 250 watts. Each person is cautioned to avoid areas where non-ionizing radiation can be expected to be present.

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Form No. 1 - Safety Orientation Checklist

This checklist is to be completed by the supervisor with all new personnel or existing personnel transferred or entering a new location. Checklist to be completed within the first week, upon reporting to the new location and submitted not later than 10 working days, as applicable. Name ________________________________ Supervisor ____________________________ ID Number ____________ Department ____________________ Position ________ New Hire ________ Transferred ________ Other ________ Date Start Orientation __________ Date Completed Orientation __________

Employee Supervisor Initials Initials

I. General Safe work Practices

1. Reviewed the contents of this Safety Manual (Policy Statement–Responsibilities–Accident/Hazard ______ ______ Reporting–Enforcement) 2. Reviewed Code of Safe Work Practices ______ ______ 3. Reviewed Lifting Techniques (as required) ______ ______ 4. Conducted Facility Tour - Review processes, fire extinguisher location and use, emergency exit, emergency equipment, etc. ______ ______ 5. Reviewed Emergency Procedures ______ ______ 6. Confirmation that valid driver’s license is available, if applicable ______ ______ 7. Review of any parts of the ABS Safety specific documentation for the new work place (eg: High Temperature, Low Temperature, etc) ______ ______ 8. As required by position - the following training programs were administered, including driving training, if deemed necessary or the employee asks for it: __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

The above general and specific safe work practices have been explained to me and I understand them and what is expected of me in terms of workplace safety. Distribution to ABS Corporate office: Distribution to ABS Divisional offices: o Corporate Safety Director o Director of Human Resources o Divisional Safety Director

Signature: __________________________________ Date: ______________ Supervisors Signature: ________________________ Date: ______________

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Form No. 2 - Acknowledgement

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND CERTIFICATION

ABS Safety Manual

Print Name Employee ID No.

Location / Office Division

I acknowledge that I have reviewed pertinent sections of the ABS Safety Manual and that I completed my review on _______________(mm/dd/yy). I understand that revisions or updates to the ABS Safety Manual may be issued from time to time and that it is my responsibility to read and become familiar any future enhancements or updates. I also understand that any violation of the policies or procedures contained within the ABS Safety Manual may subject me to discipline per section 1.2 of the safety manual.

Date Employee’s or Contractor’s Signature

Date Supervisor’s Signature Please return this completed form to the ABS Corporate Human Resources Department.

American Bureau of Shipping and Affiliated Companies

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Form No. 3 - Report of Work Related Injury/Illness

(Global Format)

Name of injured person/Employee No.:

HR Organization (Location/Dept.):

Bus. Unit/Cost Center:

Date reported:

Details of Injury/Illness

Date of Incident Time Location

Nature of Injury – describe (eg: broken right arm): Check all applicable:

Abrasion, scratch Effects of Electricity Puncture Wound Amputation Fatigue Sprain Asphyxia, drowning Fracture Strain Bruise, crushing and contusion High Temperature Stress

Burn – chemical Internal Injury Traveling

Burn – heat Laceration, cut Weld Flash

Concussion Low Temperature Dislocation Natural

Part(s) of Body Injured – Check all applicable

Head Neck & Trunk Upper Limbs Lower Limbs

Scalp, skull Neck Upper arm {Right / Left} Hip {Right / Left}

Eye {Right / Left} Shoulder {Right / Left} Elbow {Right / Left} Thigh {Right / Left}

Ear {Right / Left} Chest Forearm {Right / Left} Knee {Right / Left}

Face Abdomen Wrist {Right / Left} Shin {Right / Left}

Nose Pelvis, groin Hand {Right / Left} Ankle {Right / Left}

Mouth, teeth Back Fingers {Thumb, Index, Middle, Ring, Small}

Foot {Right / Left}

Overall (Full Body)

Biological Psychological

Description of Injury/Illness and the events leading to the incident:

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Factors Contributing to Injury/Illness

100 - Substandard Conditions

101 – Access/Escape routes 115 – Ladders

102 – Aerial lifts 116 – Lifting appliances/Lifted items

103 – Defective tool or equipment 117 – Lighting (inadequate)

104 – Driving car/Transportation 118 – Lockout-Tagout (improper)

105 – Eye protection 119 – Material failure

106 – Guards or Barriers (inadequate) 120 – PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

107 – Machinery and/or Equipment Operation 121 – Raft – Use of

108 – Physical test 122 – Staging

109 – Pressure test 123 – Ventilation (inadequate)

110 – Safety Belts/Harness 124 – Fire/Explosion

111 – STS (Transfer) 125 – No Smoking Policy (Not Followed)

112 – Wasted Structure/Items Other – describe

113 – Hearing

114 – Housekeeping

200 - Caused by/May End Up to Be

201 – Fall 204 – Slip/Trip

202 – Laceration 205 – Struck by or against

203 – Struck by falling object Other – describe

300 - Contact with/Affected By

301 – Airborne matter (blast grit, paint overspray,

etc)

311 – Asbestos

302 – Benzene 312 – Carbon Monoxide ( CO)

303 – Cool (Low temperature) 313 – CS-H (Confined space – Hot work)

304 – Electrical 314 – Fumigation

305 – Heat effects/Fatigue 315 – Burn-Chemicals

306 – Burn-Heat 316 – Hydrogen Sulfite (H2S)

307 – Liquids (oil, water, mud, etc) 317 – Oxygen-Excessive

308 – Sewage (MARPOL Annex IV related) 318 – Solvents/Cleaners

309 – Tank/Confined Space Entry 319 – Stress

310 – Toxic substances 320 – Infection

Other – describe

400 - Other Factors

401 – Aggression/pressure from others 405 – Lifting of weight

402 – Major/Catastrophic 406 – Radiation

403 – Storm/Lightning 407 – Surrounding conditions

404 – Weld flash 000 – N/A

001 - Office Other – describe

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Other Information

If injury (or illness) resulted in lost time beyond the date of the injury (or illness) or required medical treatment beyond First Aid, was a report filed with local/national authorities as required by ABS Safety Manual Section 4?

Number of lost time days

Number of days with restricted (light) duties

Were there any lost wages?

Name of Person to be contacted at incident site

Location From/To Injured Person Moved or Taken

List Names of Any Witnesses

Name of Person Submitting Report (type or print)

(Signature - optional)

Forward a copy to:

Divisional HR Director Assistant Chief Surveyor (Divisional) Country/District Manager Immediate Supervisor

Job Title (print) Divisional HR, forward a copy to: Corporate HR Corporate Legal (Risk) Corporate Safety Director

Note: This report may be issued electronically, using the “ABS Safety Incident Form” which may be accessed by clicking on Start/All Programs on your computer.

Phone No.

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Form No. 4 - Confined Space Checklist

Safety Planning, Rules & Work Procedures The following points should be considered before entering. Unless indicated otherwise, all questions should be affirmatively answered. Negative replies may call for task interruption and correction before continuing with the task.

THE FINAL DECISION IS YOURS

YES NO

� � Is entry necessary?

� � Someone will accompany you into the space?

� � Is air supplied respiratory equipment necessary to enter? If the answer is yes, entry to be cancelled.

TESTING

� � Are the instruments used in atmospheric testing properly calibrated

� � Was the person performing the tests a certified Marine Chemist, Competent Analyst, or equal, or a (competent) person designated by the facility or vessel management to so?

� � Was the atmosphere in the confined space tested?

� � Was Oxygen at least 20.8% and - not more than 22%?

� � Were toxic, flammable, or oxygen-displacing gases/vapors confirmed within acceptable limits?

- Hydrogen sulfide

- Carbon monoxide

- Methane

- Carbon dioxide

- Benzene

Other (list) ___________________________________ ___________________________________

PHYSICAL AGENTS

� � Is the space free of asbestos fibers?

� � Is the space free from airborne sandblasting grit?

� � Is the space free of other ongoing coating works?

MONITORING

� � Will the atmosphere in the space be monitored while work is going on?

Remember – atmospheric changes occur due to the work procedure or the product stored and vessel movements and temperature changes. The atmosphere may change very quickly.

VENTILATION

� � Has the space been ventilated before entry?

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� � Will ventilation be continued during entry?

� � Is the air intake for the ventilation system located in an area that is free of combustible dusts and vapors and toxic substances?

� � If atmosphere was found unacceptable and then ventilated, was it re-tested before entry?

ISOLATION

� � Has the space been isolated from other systems?

� � Has electrical equipment been locked out?

� � Have disconnects been used where possible?

� � Has mechanical equipment been blocked, chocked, and disengaged where necessary?

� � Have lines under pressure been blanked and bled?

CLOTHING/EQUIPMENT

� � Is special clothing required (boots, chemical suits, glasses, etc.)?

� � Is special equipment required (e.g., rescue equipment, communications equipment, heavy-duty raft, life vests, etc.)?

� � Are special tools required (e.g., spark proof, intrinsically safe)?

� � Are you wearing a serviced, calibrated, and in working condition MultiGas Meter?

TRAINING

� � Have you been trained in confined space entry and do you know what to look for? (If not, you should not enter into a confined space.)

STANDBY/RESCUE

� � Will there be a standby person on the outside in constant visual or auditory communication with the persons on the inside?

� � Will the standby person be able to see and/or hear the persons inside at all times?

� � Is the rescue equipment available for immediate use?

PERMIT

(The permit is an authorization in usually writing that states that the space has been tested by a qualified person, that the space is safe for entry; what precautions, equipment, etc. are required; and what work is to be done.)

� � Has a confined space entry permit been issued?

� � Is the permit up to date?

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Revision History

31 August 2012

Re-Edition No. 1

1. Structure of the document has been modified to have three (3) Parts, Sections, Appendixes and Forms, as per the Table of Contents (Pages 2 & 3)

2. Reference to the ABS Group of Companies and its specific Safety Manual 3. ABS Corporate Safety Committee and Sub-Committee membership 4. References to ABS Safety procedures added, across the Manual 5. Miscellaneous editions from the ABS Rules, from the ABS Safety Procedures and

Guides, and relative to ABS Organizational structure, across the Manual 6. Training of Surveyors on Helicopter safety transfers 7. Addition of Management of Change (MOC) paragraph 8. Clarification on use of cell phone and similar devices 9. Clarification on scaffoldings use 10. ABS Incident Report Form (electronic form) 11. Extremely high temperature

Jan. 2012

Revision 14

1. Minor changes and editorial revisions.

2. Changes from Rev. 13 remain highlighted in blue.

Jan. 2012

Revision 13

1. Changed some of the members of the Committee for needed updating

2. Added ABS CEO

3. Added that number of Divisional Safety Committee members may be increased.

4. Added instructions to make possible distribution of the ABS Safety Manual to external

5. Accidents report changed the section on Factors Contributing to Injury/Illness

6. Paragraph 4.3.4 added with distribution of the Safety Orientation Checklist

7. Safety Orientation Checklist added with a target date for its completion and distribution

8. Immediate reporting of serious injuries to CSD & DSD added

9. Reporting Flow Chart, section 6, changed to include immediate reporting

10. Generic expense codes and reference to the applicable PPE procedure included.

11. Instructions for Ship to Ship (STS) transfers have been further clarified

12. Details and instructions to deal with entry to Sewage dedicated spaces added

13. Wireless communication device usage has been re-issued to clarify better and to respond to feedback received from employees

14. Reference to disciplinary action in Section 7 has been removed

15. Acknowledgement form reference to disciplinary action has been revisited