1997 #1 Preservation of Mangoes by cooling Michelle I. Agripa, Janice I. Henson, Romeo L. Gilbuena, Franco C. Lim and Jose Alejandro Lopez ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the ideal amount of time for preserving mangoes by cooling. The mangoes were placed in the freezer for different periods of time at a constant temperature, and were tested for its physical appearance, taste, texture, sugar content, and pH([H+]concentration). All of these characteristics will be taken into consideration for determining the most ideal for cooling the mangoes. After preliminary tests finding out the best insulator for the mangoes for their stay in the freezer, twenty were placed in the freezer with a constant range temperature of negative five to zero degrees Celsius. Every two weeks, a batch of four mangoes were released from the freezer and was tested and observed. The tests showed there was no significant difference between the sugar content of all the batches of mangoes. The same finding was observed for pH. Although those variables stayed relatively constant, there were changes in the appearance and the taste of the mangoes. After three months of testing, a conclusion was made that the, longest time for freezing a mango without damaging it is about four weeks. #2 Using File Compression Algorithms for Cryptographical applications Jason Alcarez, Cyrus Paolo Buenafe, John Paul Catalan, William Gumabay, Jr. and Paolo Doroteo Mercado ABSTRACT The research was conducted to determine the feasibility of incorporating a file compression algorithm to create the basis for a new crytosystem. Files used in determining this feasibility were of the commonly available types, such as DOS executables, Windows executables, ASCII text, documents with formatting, and many others. The file sizes before and after encryption and decryption, as well as file redundancy, and buffer size were required to be noted in order to determine the feasibility. Theoretical and actual file comparisons of the encrypted and original file were also performed. Computer processor type, disk caches, file size, and file redundancy affected the program speed significantly. Hard disk speed did not significantly affect the program speed. Among the file types utilized, the Windows bitmap file format and the ASCII text file format appeared to be the best compressed file
Transcript
1997 #1
Preservation of Mangoes by cooling Michelle I. Agripa, Janice I. Henson, Romeo L. Gilbuena, Franco C. Lim and Jose Alejandro Lopez
ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the ideal amount of time for preserving mangoes by cooling. The mangoes were placed in the freezer for different periods of time at a constant temperature, and were tested for its physical appearance, taste, texture, sugar content, and pH([H+]concentration). All of these characteristics will be taken into consideration for determining the most ideal for cooling the mangoes. After preliminary tests finding out the best insulator for the mangoes for their stay in the freezer, twenty were placed in the freezer with a constant range temperature of negative five to zero degrees Celsius. Every two weeks, a batch of four mangoes were released from the freezer and was tested and observed. The tests showed there was no significant difference between the sugar content of all the batches of mangoes. The same finding was observed for pH. Although those variables stayed relatively constant, there were changes in the appearance and the taste of the mangoes. After three months of testing, a conclusion was made that the, longest time for freezing a mango without damaging it is about four weeks. #2
Using File Compression Algorithms for Cryptographical applications Jason Alcarez, Cyrus Paolo Buenafe, John Paul Catalan, William Gumabay, Jr. and Paolo Doroteo Mercado
ABSTRACT The research was conducted to determine the feasibility of incorporating a file compression algorithm to create the basis for a new crytosystem. Files used in determining this feasibility were of the commonly available types, such as DOS executables, Windows executables, ASCII text, documents with formatting, and many others. The file sizes before and after encryption and decryption, as well as file redundancy, and buffer size were required to be noted in order to determine the feasibility. Theoretical and actual file comparisons of the encrypted and original file were also performed. Computer processor type, disk caches, file size, and file redundancy affected the program speed significantly. Hard disk speed did not significantly affect the program speed. Among the file types utilized, the Windows bitmap file format and the ASCII text file format appeared to be the best compressed file
formats, while the pre-compressed files, such as ZIP, ARJ, JPG, ALH, and some executables did not compress well, but were encrypted. #3
Preparation of Cellulose Acetate from Wood Waste Genevieve Faye Aldover, Hazel Consunji, Florence Mago, Angelica Prudente and John Jason Sioson
ABSTRACT The project aims to study the preparation of cellulose acetate from wood waste. For the preparation of the pretreatment solution, the concentration of reactants varied from 50%/50% anhydride/acetic acid to 40%/60% acetic anhydride/acetic acid proportions with acetic acid concentrations varying from 0.5 ml to 0.8 ml. Ten grams of powdered wood waste was added to the pretreatment solution and maintained at a temperature range of –4 to 0 degree Celcius and room temperature. Crystallization time observed ranged from 24 to 48 hours. The obtained flaky residue was filtered and dried for several hours. While no significant amount of cellulose acetate was derived, the research has identified important parameters such as concentration of reactants, initiating reaction towards crystallization, temperature and time constant. #4
The Use of Chlorella in the Extraction of Phenol and Permanganate from Water Milo V. Alejo, Gino Franco I. Malillin, Agnes M. Cariaga, Margaret Marie H. Limgenco and Dawn P. Toledo
ABSTRACT The unicellular green algae Chlorella has been found to be able to clean up sewage effluent. Studies done on agricultural wastewater, as well as laboratory treated water, have shown that two of the pollutants that can be treated by Chlorella are nitrates and ammonium ions. This study aims to find out whether the same alga can clean the industrial wastes phenol and permanganate. Different concentration of phenol and permanganate solution were treated with the alga in a 1:100 ratio by volume. Spectrophotometric determination of the final concentration of the pollutants from the samples after five days of treatment.
#5
Passive Cooling Technology as Applied on an Existing Building Kevin Alombro, Maureen Ann Araneta, Amber Girard Favis and Spencer Jason Ongkinco
ABSTRACT The main objective of the research project is to find ways to passively cool the PSHS Canteen. This refers to the redesigning of the structure. The first step taken was the initial inspection of the building using the original floor plan as basis. Next, the qualitative analysis was carried out by conducting a survey where a total sample of 60 people were randomly selected out of the PSHS population. The survey verified that the PSHS Canteen is warm and humid when compared to the outside temperature and humidity. Thus, the structure was redesigned, based on the existing building appropriate energy-saving designs. In the proposed design, the ceiling and roof were raised to give space for warm air to rise and escape through adjustable jalousies, the roof was light colored, preferably white, to reflect the sun‟s rays and insulation was used to minimize the penetration of the heat through the roof. For comparison, the group formed a scale model, showing the PSHS Canteen in its proposed design. The existing building was not altered, merely added upon. Construction cost comparisons were presented to a board member for consideration as the renovation plan of the PSHS Canteen. #6
Microbial Assay of Chili Pepper Leaf Extract Melecio Alonzo, Soraya Panlilio and Jon Paolo J. Tan
ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to determine the effect of chili pepper leaf extract on the growth of bacteria. The leaves were air-dried and afterwards oven dried until brittle. The leaves were then crushed and then milled in a Wiley-mill. After this the powdered leaf was boiled in water and in mixture was filtered. Meanwhile, E. coli was cultured in nutrient broth and the bacteria were put in three petri dishes with nutrient agar. One of the petri dishes was the treatment and the other petri dish was the control. Filter paper cut into small circles was dipped in the extract and put in the treatment petri dishes. The area in which E. coli growth was retarded due to the extract was taken down as the zone of inhibition. Results showed that the extract does not have any effect on the bacteria. An experiment on the crude extract was attempted but the experiment was discontinued for the lack of time. The group concluded that at a ratio of 1 gram leaf to 50 ml water, chili pepper leaf extract has no anti-microbial effect on E. coli.
#7
Parsley (Carum petroselinum) Extract as a Source of Natural Lipid Antioxidant Maria Rica Arao, Joy Cabrera, Ma. Elena Navos and Niña Sheryl Villegas
ABSTRACT Parsley (Carum petroselinum) extract was tested as a source of natural lipid antioxidants. Newly extracted coconut oil were treated with different amounts of parsley extracts and the levels of oxidized acids were determined for each treatment using the insolubilization method. Result showed a significant decrease in oxidation of the oil. The formation of oxidation of oxidized coconut oil was significantly lower for parsley extracts than the control. Thus, parsley extract exhibits good antioxidative activity and is recommended as a potential source of natural antioxidant. #8
A Small-scale model of a Multi-layered Compost Tank for Kitchen Wastes Philip Rudge M. Arca, Pollie Anna L. Deza, Maria Theresa A. Gusad, Christopher H. Lee and Charlene C. Oris
ABSTRACT Conventional composting requires the preparation of a pit where in alternate layers of soil and wastes are deposited. The entire process is very tedious, and as a solution to this problem, the group has designed and constructed a small-scale device to perform the needed steps in composting, an essential design factor was the determination of the most efficient procedure for composting, in terms of time saved, money and effort. The concept behind the design is to incorporate a dryer, shredder and a mixer in one apparatus. The device would be run by an external motor which simultaneously powers the blades of the shredder and the mixing panels., instructions and recommendations for actual use comes with the project. The group set-up preliminary tests to simulate the proposed design of the tank. One was done to estimate the average drying period of kitchen wastes. Another tested the efficiency of the shredding blades. Simulation of the mixing layer consisted of four cans with dry, shredded kitchen wastes. Three of which were furnished with variable supplements and the remainder, the control. The dry, shredded kitchen wastes with fungus activator yielded the best results. This served as the basis for the evaluation of the design.
#9
Production of Filter Paper from Musa textiles (ABACA) and Phaleria wikstroemia (SALAGO) Fibers Ethel S. Arceo, Maria Rita G. Esguerra, Bryan C. Exconde, Ma. Katrina M. Florcruz and King Harold A. Recto ABSTRACT
We aim to produce filter papers from Musa textiles (abaca) and Phaleria wikstroemia (salago) that would comparable to, if not more efficient than, the commercial filter paper available today. Also, we would like to find out what combination of salago-abaca fibers exhibits the best properties in terms of physical properties and filtering capability. We choose to use abaca and salago as our material because of their individual physical properties.. Salago is a strong Fiber while abaca has high holocellulose contents. Also, both plants are abundant in the country. Four types of filter paper with different combinations of the fibers were made using a nonwoven machine. The percentages of salago to abaca were 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75. Each type together with the control (commercial filter paper) was subjected to four physical tests: Air Permeability, Burst Factor, Breaking Strength, and Tear Factor test. We also conducted our own filtering capability tests by filtering sand-water, tea-water, and Coleus sp.-water mixtures. Results from the Burst Factor, Tear Factor, and Breaking Length test showed that as the ratio of salago to abaca increased, the value also increased indicating better physical properties. The results of the tests of the control were also in between the range of the values obtained from the experimental filter papers. This showed that the papers are comparable to the commercial one in terms of the said physical properties. In the air permeability test, none of the experimental filter papers had the exact value as the control but differences were not that great and it still supports that they were comparable to the commercial one. The 25/75 salago-abaca blend was the most comparable to the commercial filter paper but the 0/100 abaca-salago blend showed the best results among the four in terms of strength. For the filtering capability, a different type of filter paper showed the same results as the control per test. But combining the results, the 50/50 abaca-salago blend turned out to be the most comparable and sometimes more efficient than the commercial filter paper.
#10
Locally-available Materials as Substitute for Polythylene in Solar Dryers Arcyllin P. Arcilla, Shalimar I. Ignacio, Karen D. Millena, Kathreen V. Miralles and Raquel L. Omo
ABSTRACT Solar drying is a way of preserving food, utilizing the abundant supply of solar power. Polyethylene is the commonly used covering material for solar dryers. The aim of this research project is to find a suitable and effective substitute for polyethylene which would be more practical to use and longer-lasting. A simple design was developed based on existing dryers. A set up of four identical solar dryer frames were used. Each was covered with a specific material, namely: scrap glass, whole glass, ordinary plastic and polyethylene as control. Mangoes were processed and equally divided into four groups and distributed to the four solar dryers. Four trials were performed. The dried mangoes were tested for general acceptability. The general appearance and odor of the mangoes before and after drying were taken note of. Taste tests were conducted. It was shown that there is no significant difference in the quality of dried mangoes and in the length of drying time for each of the covering materials used. #11
Kamias Extract as a Browning Inhibitor Jerome N. Asuncion, Rodelio C. Bernal, Rogelio O. Bucao, Genalyn M. Gallinero, Bernice Ruth P. Cerezo and Ann Mae A. Sto. Domingo
ABSTRACT Fruits brown easily, especially after peeling. Many find fruits in this condition undesirable. Recently, a group of scientists found out that oxalic acid can inhibit the rate of browning of raw apple juice up to 100%. Kamias contains a high concentration of oxalic acid. This research aims to find out if kamias extract can be used as browning inhibitor for tropical fruits. Several concentrations of kamias extract were prepared. Slices of different fruits were treated with the different concentrations of kamias extract. These were observed for several days. After four days, these were presented to a panel. The panelist rated the replicates according to the intensity of browning. After evaluating the results, it was found out that kamias extract inhibits the enzymic browning of the fruits.
#12
Shrimp Processing Waste as a Flavoring Agent Charisse Y. Austria, Orland Anthony R. Gonzalez, Manuel Joseph C. Loquias, Mary Arlene D. B. Manalang and Robert John M. Tejero
ABSTRACT The study aims to develop a shrimp flavoring agent from shrimp processing waste that would be able to compete with commercial products. Three extraction methods were used, direct extraction, extraction of pasteurized comminuted shrimp heads, and extraction with plain water/salt solution. The extracts were combined with different amounts of flour and other ingredients to produce the flavoring agent. Five samples cooked in a dish of shrimp jambalaya and a dish without shrimp flavoring as control were presented to a thirty-member panel for consistency, flavor activity, and palatability tests. The five paste condiments were also presented to the same panel for appearance and texture tests. The Friedmann‟s test shows that there is a significant difference among the six dishes in all categories. The sample from direct extraction with four grams of flour was chosen for further testing due to its high rank in the Friedmann‟s test. Two samples of commercial product and one of the chosen paste condiment were cooked in a dish of shrimp jambalaya and presented to a thirty-member panel for consistency, flavor activity, palatability, odor and general acceptability tests. Results of the Friedmann‟s test indicate that there is no significant difference among the three samples. Thus the shrimp flavoring from direct extraction of shrimp processing waste with four grams of flour can be a substitute for the commercial products. #13
The Design and Testing of a Prototype of an Improvised Solar Water Heater Marie Joanne Bacud, Fritz Ivy Lopez, Mae Lynn Morgia, Eloisa Jean Santos and Hermes Tanhueco
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to construct and test prototype of a solar water heater that will make use of abundant unused energy to warm water to at least fifty degrees. The proposed design of the solar water heater is made up of two main parts: (1)the water tank; and (2)the heat collector. The constructed prototype of the design was made locally and readily available materials. The water tank which is insulated with Reflectix was made from a 2-liter plastic juice container and had an exposed portion of determining the volume of water content. The heat collector is also insulated with a case made up of aluminum and water pipes that are made up of copper tubing. Black was used to paint the interior of the heat collector for maximum heat absorption. The heat
collector is covered with glass to close the system and create a greenhouse effect. The efficiency and maximum heating capacity of the improvised solar water heater prototype were investigated. The amount of heat input and output, and the amount of solar radiation it received were measured using the following equipment provided by the Solar Laboratory in the University of the Philippines, Diliman Campus: Global Insulation Integrator, lead-acid battery, CM11 KIPP and Zonnen Pyrometer. All the tests were conducted during the months of January and February 1997 at the said department in the University of the Philippines. The four replicated of the tests for the efficiency of the solar water heater prototype have shown an average efficiency of 51.69%, maximum heating capacity of 62.5 C in a span of 145 minutes, and can double the initial temperature of water in a span of an hour with an average supply of solar radiation. #14
Tissue Culture of Mangifera indica (mango) Jomar T. Battung, Mario T. Carreon, Leo Andrei A. Crisologo, Joseph C. Lagon and Jerome V. Senen
ABSTRACT Tissue culture is a method of propagating plants from several different parts like the leaf, stem, or root tip. The source, called the explant, is inoculated into a culture media and set aside in a controlled environment. Tissue culture is generally used in monocot plants like orchid or rice. For this study, mango leaves were used as explants. They were first surface sterilized in 70% hypochlorite solution and were inoculated into dispensed Murashige-Skoog medium with variable growth hormone concentrations. These were then placed in a dark place for six to eight weeks. The explants exhibited callus growth after eight weeks. #15
The feasibility of trichoderma reesei enzyme as toner remover Kathrine Marie S Baguisi, Joseph Vincent E David, Hannah Joyce B Gutierrez, Pichy-Ann I Pagauitan, Corina Belle R Villar
ABSTRACT This study aims to remove the toner particles embedded on the cellulose fibers of paper using trichoderma reesei cellulase so that recycled photocopied papers and computer printouts would be of at least equal (or even better) quality than ordinary recycled paper. Trichoderma reesei was cultured in coconut water agar and was transferred to oat bran medium with cellulose powder. Crude cellulase was extracted from the liquid obtained
from the oat bran medium by centrifugation and was partitioned into 10, 15, and 20 ml portions to be applied to same amounts of bleached pulp. The pulp (both control and experimental) was made into handsheets. It was observed that the toner particles were separated from the pulp fibers applied with cellulase however, it was not totally removed from the slurry. It was also observed that the paper with cellulase was whiter than the control. The analytical tests showed that the control had a higher quality than the samples with cellulase in terms of breaking length and burst factor; although the tear factor and air permeability tests showed that the pulp applied with cellulase enzyme proved to be better. This lead to the conclusion that trichoderma reesei cellulase extract the toner particles from the paper but further research should be done to ensure the quality of the recycled paper and the total removal of the toner particles from the slurry. #16
The feasibility of anabena sp. and talahib as components in microbial mats Giancarlo Baradas, Brian Federic Blas, Anthony Cheng
ABSTRACT The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of local strains of cyanobacteria, anabena species, and talahib grass as components in microbial mats. Microbial mats are green slime formed by the biological action of the cyanobacteria. These mats were found to remove heavy metals in polluted waters. Anabena Sp. was cultured and inoculated into fermented talahib grass. The mats formed from the grass and the cyanobacteria were placed into three concentration of lead and cadium solutions. The mats where then filtered and acid digested for testing after time intervals of ½, 1, and 1 ½ week. The solutions after digestion where then tested with the AAS to determine the metal content. The results showed that the Anabena sp. with the talahib grass was able to reduce the level of cadium in the solution but not lead. #17
Tissue culture of mangifera indica (mango) Jomar T Battung, Mario t carreon, Leo Andrei A Crisologo, Joseph C Lagon, Jerome V Senen
ABSTRACT Tissue culture is a method pf propagating plants from several different parts like the leaf, stem, or root tip. The source, called the explant, is inoculated into a culture media and set aside in a controlled environment. Tissue is generally used in monocot plants like orchid or rice. For this study, mango leaves were used as explants. They were first surface sterilized in 70% hypochlorite solution and were inoculated into dispensed Murashige-
shoog medium with variable growth hormone concentrations. These were then placed in a dark place for six to eight weeks. The explants exhibited callus growth after eight weeks. #18
The Feasibility of Azadrachta indica A. Juss (Neem) Leaves as an Active Ingredient in Mosquito Repellant Noel M. Bautista, Joseph Jay M. Salinas and Rengel M. Santos #19
Pomelo (Citrus maxima) Rind and Sigdilyas (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Extracts as Component of Bacterial Culture Medium Gloria Patricia Benedicto, Katrina Gadia, Leo Manauis, Reynalyn Penus and Voltaire Henry Vitug
ABSTRACT
Crude extracts of pomelo rind and sigadilyas were mixed with nutrient agar in five different concentrations: 0.75 g sigadilyas with 1.25 g pomelo rind; 1.25 g sigadilyas with 1.75 g pomelo rind; 1.25 g sigadilyas eith 2.50 g pomelo rind; 2.00 g sigadilyas with 1.75 g pomelo rind; and 2.50 g sigadilyas with 1.25 g pomelo rind (all of these prepared with 2.50 ml of water and 3.75 g agar), autoclaved then placed in petri dishes. Each culture medium was inoculated with microorganisms using the streak method. Bacterial growth was then observed. The concentration of the third sample group, which consisted of 2.5 g pomelo rind and 1.25 g sigadilyas, proved to be the most conducive for bacterial growth in the alternative culture medium since bacteria from all source grew in it. This shows that pomelo rind and sigadilyas extracts are feasible components of bacterial culture medium. #20
Determining the Rf Values of Some Locally-Available Flowers MLM Lessandra L. Berbano, Phoebe Grace M. Cabaluna, Maria Clarizza S. Ching, Mary Lauren R. Europa and Pauline T. Reyes
ABSTRACT
This research aims to determine the relative front (Rf) values of the essential oils of four locally-available floweres: calachuchi, camia, sampaguita, and ylang-ylang. This may be done by subjecting the oils to thin-layer chromatography, or TLC. The essential oils were extracted using the enfleurage process. The flower samples were coated with lard, a lipid which absorbs the essential oil
from petals. The fat was extracted with ethanol, a non-polar solvent, thus transferring the essential oil to the alcohol. A few drops from each of the obtained extracts were placed onto separate slides coated with even layer of silica gel. These slides were then placed in chromatojars containing petroleum ether. Visualization using the ultra-violet lamp revealed negative results for the calachuchi samples because of the highly-volatile nature of its essential oils. As for the camia slides, five spots were visualized on both slides. The first sampaguita slide yielded nine spots while four spots appeared on the second. Seven and nine spots appeared on the first and second ylang-ylang slides respectively. With these results, the Rf values were computed. However, the compounds that correspond to the computed Rf values were not identified during the course of the study. #21
The Design and Construction of a Locally Developed Wind Turbine Generator Alex Paolo Borromeo, Pia Soledad Dalusong, Maria Roneza Fuertez, Carlo Roman Peñafiel and Carlo Angelo Tamayo
ABSTRACT Wind energy is free, renewable and non-pollutant and a good alternative source of energy if it is more efficient than fuel energy. The group aimed to design and construct a small scale wind turbine generator that could generate enough energy to charge a 9 volt battery with a given speed of 3-4 meters per second or 10.8 to 14.4 kilometers per hour. The finished design consists of six 1.5‟ in length and which at its widest part is 6” and at its thinnest part, 4”, 1/8” thick. It is connected to an alternator that produced the electricity used to charge a car battery. A shaft was also constructed to contain the ball bearings that makes the blades rotate easier that is connected to the alternator shaft by a drive train. The construction of the wind turbine generator was accompanied by the construction of a wind speed indicator for added data. The wind generator was subjected to two tests and the results were tabulated and analyzed. The results show that the model is still inefficient and further research on the efficiency and commercialization of the wind generator is strongly recommended.
#22
The Feasibility of Guinit as a Heat Insulator with the use of Rubber Latex as the Binding Component Christian Philip L. Cabañero, Ma. Virginia R. Domingo, Kathie-Anne Q. Jamasali, Francis T. Rugayan and Ma. Rosario I. Villarama
ABSTRACT This research project aims on the potential of guinit as a good heat insulator using rubber latex as the binding component. This was done by mixing “demeshed” guinit, rubber latex and water, and creating 6 ratios, each of which had been subjected to tests for water absorbency and insulating capacity. Each mixture was shaped as a board and was hot-pressed to dry. The resulting products were then trimmed for the preparation for the water absorbency analysis. The cut boards were submerged in water 1 day. A set-up was made for the insulating capacity test (see Figure 1), and the mixtures were examined according to their ability to block the heat from one side of the board to another during a 5-minute interval for 30 minutes. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. The water absorbency test results of the different ratios were just compared to one another. In the insulating capacity test results, an addition of a test for a styrofoam board was made. The T-test shows that there is a significant difference between each ratio and the Stryrofoam board. #23
Prolonging the shelflife of banas thourgh postharvest dips in calcium chloride Vincent Cedric Caducio, Ma Sheena Jimenez, Ma Adoracion Manuel, Alminda Maramba
ABSTRACT The study aims to find out the effect of employing postharvest dips in Calcium Chloride on bananas and how such method can help in prolonging their shelflife and improving their postharvest quality as well. With physical characteristics. Banana samples were randomly distributed among six treatment groups of 1%, 2% and 4% by volume of CaCl2 solutions and one control group. The control in the experiment consisted of untreated fruit samples. These treatment groups along with the control were further divided into two sub-groups, one group consisted of bananas refrigerated after treatment and the other, stored at room temperature. After dipping. All samples were dried with tissue paper and placed individually inside resealable plastics bags. All samples were properly labeled for observation purposes. Results of the experiment show that there is a significant difference between the postharvest quality of treated and untreated bananas. The most effective treatment group was the 2% CaCl2 solution for the refrigerated
samples. For the bananas stored at room temperature, the ones dipped in 4% solution showed the least signs of physical decay. However, the storage temperature played an important role in these difference. Further research is encouraged to determine the calcium content of the treated samples. #24
Corn Cobs and Wood Shavings as Alternative Maetrials for Acoustic Boards Dorothy Patricia F. Cardenas, Domini Theresa M. Manzano, Alexander Norman B. Reyes, Christian Raymund K. Roque and Audrey Christiane J. Salonga ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to produce acoustic boards from locally gathered materials to reduce production costs. The materials used in their production should also be easily and cheaply obtained. The acoustic boards were made by mixing the materials with wood glue and placing them in molds 0.5 m square and 5 cm thick. The boards were made from pure wood shavings, pure corn cobs, and a mixture of both. All the boards were tested using a ripple tank set-up. Water waves were used to simulate sound waves. This set up was made to measure the amplitude of incident and reflected waves coming towards and coming from the boards. It was calculated that there was a significant difference in the amplitude of the incident and reflected waves. The pure corn cob boards produced the greatest significant difference. Because a significant difference was observed, the group concluded that the boards are able to serve their purpose of reducing the amount of echo in a room. #25
The Production of an Anti-Alcohol Craving Candy from Pueraria lobata (Kudzu) Root Extract April Dawn Carreon, Georgianne Liad, Renee Kristine Lorenzana, Geraldine Millena and Selena Salang
ABSTRACT The study aims to make Pueraria lobata root extract commercially available, effective as an anti-alcohol craving product, and generally acceptable in the form of a candy. The candies were made by adding sugar, and flavoring to the extract. The effectivity of the product was tested by feeding it to alcoholic mice and recording the consequent daily intake of alcohol and water. The acceptability was tested by the sensory evaluation method. Ten panelists were randomly chosen to sample the candies and their preferences rated on a scale from 1 to 5. Using Friedmann‟s test, it was statistically proven that in terms of taste and appearance, the candied extract had no significant difference from ordinary candy, with or without kudzu. Using the T-test, it was statistically proven that there was a significant
difference between the intake of alcohol before and after the treatment of kudzu candy. Using the chi-square test, statistics showed that the kudzu intake of the mice was associated with the decrease in alcohol intake. It is therefore concluded that Pueraria lobata root extract is effective, economical and acceptable anti-alcohol craving candy. #26
The Revision of the Philippine Science High School World Wide Webb Home Page Jose Antonio I. Celestial and Jose Amilcar G. Reyes
ABSTRACT The study aims to design and implement a web site for the PSHS Diliman campus. The website was created as various interlinked divisions called pages. All pages were constructed using HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Visual content was obtained by ordinary photographic methods, then transferred into electronic form for inclusion into the web pages. Various software applications were used to manipulate collected information, such as image manipulation and text formatting. The structure of the web site was defined according to the proposed standards of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an organization of computer software companies and research institutions responsible for defining de facto standards for the Internet and, specifically, the World Wide Web. All pages within the web site share a common layout format. Various pages were designed and constructed for the different parts of the school. The final implementation of the Web site are all fully interconnected via activation links; and is connected to other institutions outside the defined site. The deep-level characteristic of the web site enables future programmers to efficiency expand and/or change any resource within the web site. #27
Comparative Study on the Effect of Soaking and Cooking on the Saponin Levels of Phaseolus aureus (Mung bean) Charles Bernard Cielo, Arnel Daleja, Jim Funesto, Sharon de Leon and Michelle Gatan
ABSTRACT The study aims to define the effect of soaking and cooking on the saponin levels of mung bean. Ten samples of mung beans were gathered, dessicated and standardized according to weight. The prescribed treatments (soaking in sodium hydroxide, soaking in sodium bicarbonate, soaking in citric acid, soaking in oxalic acid, soaking in distilled water, cooking for 20 minutes,
cooking for 40 minutes, cooking for 60 minutes, cooking for 80 minutes and the control which received no treatment) were applied to the samples. The samples were then dried and ground up using the willey mill. The saponin of the samples was then extracted using a soxhlet apparatus and a 70% butanol, 0.01% EDTA solvent. The butanol layer was decanted and analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophometer. The analysis of the samples revealed a decreasing presence of saponin per increase of duration of cooking. It also revealed a similar decreasing trend in solutions of either acid or base as compared to the control. Expectedly, the sample soaked in distilled water did not exhibit this trend. An error was detected in the sample cooked for 20 minute – it exhibited an unprecedented increase in saponin. This has been attributed to human error. Only six samples were analyzed as the other four were lost due to human error. The project proved to be inconclusive. It has been recommended that the experiment be retried with more replicates and a greater pH spectrum in the soaking treatments. Furthermore, it has also been recommended that a standard for saponin be adopted to allow a quantitative evaluation of the results. #28
Utilization of calcium carbonate from talaba shells as toothpaste abrasive Abigail Marie Cirujales, Aureen Foronda, Kristine Myra Lalas, Mely Nor Navarro, Johanna Marie Santiago
ABSTRACT CaCO3 is commonly used as a toothpaste abrasive. The CaCO3 was obtained from the shells by pulverizing them. The pulverized shells were tested for impurities by mixing them with water. Those which dissolved were weighed and were considered impurities. The weight was negligible. The other toothpaste ingredients (carrageen, peppermint, saccharin/sugar, coconut diethanolamide, glycerol) were mixed with the CaCO3 to produce the toothpaste. The manufactured toothpaste was tested against Happee ( a commercial toothpaste) and a toothpaste containing the same aforementioned ingredients except for the pulverized shells. Commercial CaCO3 was used instead. Lead washers were stroked 100 times with each toothpaste. The weight difference before and after brushing was recorded. The ANOVA test results showed that no significant difference in the abrasiveness of the different toothpastes exists. The toxicity of the ingredients was looked up in the Merck index. No toxic effect of any of the ingredients was found. In conclusion, the toothpaste using shells as CaCO3 source is comparable with commercial toothpaste in terms of abrasiveness and has a cheaper cost of production (P8.20).
#29
Gibberellic Acid as Shelf-life Extender for Tomatoes Ferdiand Coloma, Siegfried de Belen, Melanie de Guzman, Richard Misa and
Viviene Velasco
ABSTRACT The study aims to determine the feasibility of gibberellic acid as a shelf-life extender for tomatoes. Different concentrations and amounts of gibberellic acid were sprayed on post and pre-harvest tomatoes. The resulting colors ranged from green to orange. The chi square test shows that there is an association between the amount and concentration of the gibberellic acid and the resulting color of the tomatoes. The gibberelic acid is therefore effective in extending the shelf life of tomatoes. #30
Study on the Stability of Vitamin C in Thermally Processed Tomato Sauce Nina Socorro Cortina, Dexter Gerald David, Kristian Joy Milan, Harold John Santos and Michael Alfred Tan
ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin found in most fruits like mangoes, oranges, berries and tomatoes. It is important for the formation of normal teeth and bones and the prevention of scurvy. Tomato Sauce is a common ingredient of our daily dishes. It is also a good source of Vitamin C. However, in it‟s cooking, a substantial amount of Vitamin C may be lost. The study aims to determine the extent of Vitamin C oxidation in tomato sauce. The group heated the tomato sauce samples in temperatures ranging form 60 C to 70 C under time span of five minutes. They were then compared to a control and the percent difference of the samples and the control was calculated. The group concluded that 80 C is the best temperature setting for simmering tomato sauce. In this temperature, minimal Vitamin C is lost without sacrificing much of the food‟s edibility.
#31
Determination of the Carotenoid Content of Thermally-processed Sweet Potatoes Jerome Darryll Cruz, Jeremy C. Davis, John Louie Fabila and Michael Rubio
ABSTRACT The research study aims to determine the allowable time and temperature that Ipomea batatas or sweet potato could be heated while keeping its carotenoid content at its maximum. The experimentation started with the preparation of the six sets of samples to be heated. Each set was weighed to be exactly 200 grams. After weighing, all of the sets were heated and boiled at different time intervals, all except for the control. The crude extract of the control was immediately extracted after weighing. The other sets were boiled at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 respectively. After boiling, they were left to cool down back to room temperature before getting their crude extracts. The Beta-carotene of the sweet potatoes was then separated from the crude extract by means of liquid separation. This was done with the use of the solvents Acetone and Diethyl-ether. The extracted Beta-carotene from the sweet potatoes was then diluted with Chloroform. The absorbances of the six sets were determined and recorded with the use of Spectrophotometer. These were then compared to the results of the Absorbance Test done on the standard Beta-carotene. Analysis and computation of the results proceeded. #32
The Improved Design and Construction of a Locally Assembled Epidiascope Lesley Ann N. Cruz, Zarah B. Fernandez, Michael B. Quililan, Metchie C. Refamonte and Zoe A. Villanueva
ABSTRACT An epidiascope, commonly referred to as an opaque projector, is an optical device that projects a magnified image direct from a two-dimensional object. Commercially-available models are manufactured abroad and retail for about P 63,500.00 (Eiki brand, as of 1995). The objective of this study is to design and construct an opaque projector using locally-available resources , and with minimal cost. The projected total expenditure is P 2,500. A research group from batch 1996 of Philippine Science High School constructed an initial prototype. This study aims to develop their design and re-engineer the construction, thus creating an improved model. The present group‟s design uses a 12.7 cm (5”) double-convex lens with a focal length of 29.5 cm (11.6”). Two 500-W Halogen lamps provide the required intense illumination. Forced cooling is created by two blower fans on opposing ends of the chassis. Commercial versions project with a magnification of 5 times at 2 m
(6‟) and 7.5 times at 3 m (9„). The prototype created by the group is able to project an image that is distinct and more readable than the previous prototype‟s and was comparable to the image projected by the commercially-available projectors. #33
The Efect of Pendimethalin on the Ascorbic Acid Content of Camote (Ipomea batatas) Jay Ace Z. David, Eunice M. Espe, Jennie Lou A. Montemayor, Janice Hya B. Tabula and Gizelle Ann B. Torrizo
ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze the effect of pendimethalin, an herbicide, on the ascorbic acid content of Camote (Ipomea batatas). The Camote samples were treated with different concentrations of the herbicide (2 drops/100ml water, 3 drops/100 ml, 4 drops/100ml, 10 drops/100ml, 20 drops/100 ml) and stored in a dark room temperature for one month. The samples were peeled and ground, the ascorbic acid extracted and titrated using 2,6-dichloro-indophenol dye. (Results showed that the sample treated with the greatest concentration of the herbicide had the most ascorbic acid content. This proves that the herbicide prolong the ascorbic acid retention of Camote when stored at room temperature.) #34
A Preliminary Investigation of Lectins from Erythrina indica as a Possible Mitogen or Cytotoxin in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells Coe de la Sena, Peter Paul Gadi, Jacinto Limjap Jr., Pamela Santos and Martha Jane Umali
ABSTRACT This study aims to determine whether lectins from Erythrina indica have a positive or negative effect on the growth rate of non-small lung cancer cells. The study was made in collaboration with Dr. Sonia Jacinto and the Lung Center of the Philippines. Lectins are glycoproteins found at the surface of the cell membrane. They function in the interaction of the cell with its environment and mediate cell-to-cell recognition. The lectins were extracted by mashing, stirring and centrifugation of mature E. indica seeds. The plates were subjected to 125 uL, 20 uL, and 0 uL of lectin volume. Each treatment had three replicates and the cell count was done at 0 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours. Analysis of variance of the different growth rates shows that those treated with 125 uL lectins volume had significantly higher growth rates than those treated with 20 uL and uL lectins volume. Therefore, lectins act as a mitogen promoting the growth of non-small lung cancer cells and can be used to speed up the establishment of cell lines needed in cancer research.
#35
The Feasibility of Jam and Vinegar Production from Dagwey Hernani Dingle, Johans Gonzaga, Julius Migrino, Karlo Roberto Torio and Sarah Mae Bagsic
ABSTRACT The study aims to determine the feasibility of dagwey (Saurauia subglabra Merr.) as a source of jam and vinegar. Adding dagwey, sugar and pectin to boiling water yielded a sweet, viscous and jelly-like substance similar to strawberry jam, while boiling dagwey and sugar in water and fermenting the liquid mixture yielded a sweetish-sour vinegar similar to sukang paombong which is made from pineapple. Friedmann‟s tests on the jam and titration tests for the vinegar show that dagwey fruit can be made into a feasible jam and vinegar. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the properties of the dagwey plant and its growing habits in order to allow wider cultivation of the plant. #36
The Extraction of Allicin from Allium sativum Rochelle Dumlao, Brian Abenoja and Dawn Benigno
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to obtain information on the Allicin content of locally available samples of Allium sativum or garlic. The compound has already been proven to have anti-microbial activities. Allin, readily available in Allium sativum, is the source of Allicin. Unlike Allicin, Alliin has no antimicrobial activities and has no practical purpose, and is unstable. With the use of the enzyme Allinase, the more useful organic compound, Allicin, can be synthesized from Allin. Samples of Allium sativum were obtained from a local market. These were grouped according to their relative size. Individual samples were skinned and then manually crushed and ground. The group samples were then placed in a soxhlet apparatus and extracted using diethyl ether. The resulting liquid was then distilled to remove the solvent, leaving the extracts. The extracts were divided into thirteen test sample of different formulations. Specific gravity and pH were taken and compared to Allicin constants. The physical appearance was also observed. The extracts‟ color and odor were taken. Results indicate that the extracts exhibit the same characteristic as pure Allicin when allowed to stand. Other datas such as color and odor also matched, but pH turned out to be higher than that of pure Allicin.
#37
A Comparative Study of Different Electrodes on an Electrostatic Exhaust Filter Evan M. Espina, Joseph Joven C. Gammad, John Erwin P. Macapagal, Jaeson C. Paras and Christian Abelardo M. Sese
ABSTRACT Two years ago, a group (Viray, et al.) developed a research project entitled “Testing Filtering Efficiency of an Improved Air Ionizer”, in which they were able to construct an effective air ionizer from an improved circuit, and which made use of brass electrodes, instead of an emitting needle. These electrodes were installed as apart of a muffler. This project compares the performance of copper, aluminum and brass electrodes for this air ionizer. A circuit following the design by Viray, et al. was constructed. This apparatus was installed in a custom-made muffler. The muffler incorporate design modifications to make it easier to change electrodes. The electrode assembly can be detached (screwed on and off). This innovation is predicted to be advantageous because it facilitates the cleaning electrodes. This electrostatic exhaust filter was tested at the Quezon City Hall in cooperation with the Task Force Clean and Green Division. The filter was tested with the different electrodes. These tests were repeated for three different vehicles. The percentage of carbon content of the exhaust air for each vehicle was measured by a „smokemeter‟. The results showed brass to be the most efficient electrode followed by copper then aluminum. But with regards to their prices, brass was the most expensive and aluminum was the cheapest. It is also noted that all electrodes passed the standard set by Task Force Clean and Green on smoke belching. It is therefore suggested that aluminum be used as electrodes for its low price and recyclability as what was done with the „Sprite‟ in can. #38
The Design, Construction, and Testing of a Solar Water Distiller Ross Oliver B. Evangelista, Yasmin M. Lee, Karenina F. Lim and Artessa Niccola D. Saldivar-Sali
ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to design, construct, and test a solar water distiller. The design was intended to maximize the volume of water collected by the apparatus as compared to solar distillers of similar structure. The design was based on modifications of an existing plastic still. Testing was conducted for 5 days. Testing consisted of exposing the apparatus to solar radiation for 10 hours each day . Recordings of
atmospheric conditions were taken for each trial. Daily volume readings were taken of the distilled water collected. Testing showed that still has the capacity to collect an average of 4.04 liters per day. This does not meet the standard value of ten liters per day for existing distillers of equal area. These results are attributable to unsuitable weather conditions during testing. In addition, the roofs slope and the material from which was constructed was not ideal. The group recommends that further research be carried out to address these problems. #39
Pinus insularis Cones and Salix babylonia Leaves as the Active Ingredient in a Mosquito Repellant Aldric Rodolfo Z. Gaerlan II, Ibrahim Shem S. Nas and Tagumpay R. Vergara
ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are pests that have been pestering land vertebrates for millions of years. Although there are many commercial insecticides available in the market, they are proven to be too harmful or too expensive for the consumers. The main purpose of this study is to produce an environment-friendly, safe, effective, and cheap mosquito repellant. Pine cones and weeping willow leaves were gathered from different places. After they were gathered extraction was done and the solution was collected and distilled, to separate the extract from the solvent. Preparation of the mixture was done in ratio of 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 weeping willow leaves extract to pine cone extract. Testing of the mixture was then accomplished, using the wrigglers and the adult mosquitoes as the experimental group. The results of the tests for the mosquitoes and wrigglers were analyzed using chi square test to determine if there is an association between the death of the wrigglers and mosquitoes and the presence of the repellant. The statistical test done used 5% level of significance. It has been found out that the prepared mosquito repellant is not effective against mosquitoes. #40
Effect of Pretreatment with Microwave Rays on the Storage Stability of Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Clarinda Xandra Gendrano, Thomas James Ingles, Ruchel Muñoz, Marcial Panganiban Jr. and Hilda Larina Ragrario
ABSTRACT A previous project done by Cunha et al showed that gamma and microwave rays had the potential to affect the storage ability of dry beans. It is the objective of this project to show that microwave rays also have the potential to affect the storage stability of kidney beans. To prove the objective, three tests were employed: Microbiological assay, Cooking Time
Test, and Moisture Determination Test. No test was done to the results of the Cooking Time Test because there was only one trial. Therefore, microwave rays have no effect on the storage stability of kidney beans. #41
Saluyot Leaf Extract, Suha Peeling Extract, and Gulaman as Bacterial Culture Medium Components Noelle Gonzales, Jesus Cesar Natividad, Cristina Cecille M. Reyes, Leia Nessi Torre and Jose Carlo Tubadeza
ABSTRACT
Bacterial culture media is in demand these days, as its applications, which currently range from biology, to genetics, to medicine, grows. Often being used is agar, but the high cost of nutrient agar restricts its usage, especially in less-funded researches. A cheaper, yet equally effective culture medium would greatly assist in the advancement of sciences which are dependent on tests involving bacteria. The materials chosen for this research are all locally available, and further research may unearth other important uses. Extracts were taken from the peeling of suha and saluyot, and these were combined in different proportions. Gulaman was added to help solidify the medium. The smooth, autoclaved mixtures were transferred to petri dishes to completely solidify. The solid medium was then introduced to a species of bacterium. One of the three treatments proved quite comparable (in terms of number of bacterial colonies) to commercially-produced agar. Two of the treatments produced a medium quite similar in color and texture to nutrient agar. In addition, all of the experimental medium turned out much cheaper than the commercial medium. #42
Utilization of Pilinut (Canarium ovatum) Shells in the Production of Cement-Bonded Boards Niña Marie Hernandez, Maria Josefa Jocson, Zulieca Tamayo, Herbert Paul Guanzon and Lee Anthony Valera
ABSTRACT Pilinut shells are either discarded or used as fuel in the Philippines. However, they contain chemical components that are present in hardwoods, making them promising substitutes for timber. In the production of cement-bonded boards, the pilinut shells were ground and glued together with cement. After 3 ½ weeks of curing, the boards were subjected to modulus of rupture, the 60:40 cement/pili ratio was superior to that of the 50:50 and 40:60 cement/pili ratio as well as to that of commercial cement-bonded boards made from sugar-cane bagasse. Water absorption results show that they are comparable to other cement-bonded boards. Cement-bonded boards can therefore be used to for housing material, based on the two tests done.
#43
Extracts from Dilenia indica Linn. As a Limiting Agent for Ethanol Absorption Michael John T. Hilario, Ronald Paul P. Gatbonton, Pia Angela R. Bustos, Miles Tampani and Carl Vincent O. Mercado
ABSTRACT A study conducted by a team of scientists led by Dr. Masayuki Yoshikawa of the Kyoto Pharmaceutical University showed that traditional Chinese herbs limited the absorption of ethanol in the bloodstream. This research project aims to test whether a local plant species, Dillenia indica Linn., containing the said active component saponin has the same properties. Extracts were obtained from the plant‟s fruits and force-fed to guinea pigs. Ethanol was introduced to them after two hours, and one hour after, their blood samples were obtained and tested with extracts from Dilenia indica Linn. Were significantly lower as compared to the control group. #44
Expandable Polystyrene as Component in Cement-bonded Particle boards Ian Gabriel Lopez, Dexter Aldwin Ong, Philip Miguel Ranada, Allan Santos and Vincent Varila
ABSTRACT Expandable Polystyrene (Styrofoam), being non-biodegradable, abundant in supply, and having excellent insulating properties, was chosen as a component for Cement Bonded Particle Boards (CBPBs). CBPBs are primarily used in paneling and construction purposes, and usually utilize organic fiber (wood shavings and crop fibers), together with Portland cement as binder. The study was conducted to test for the feasibility of expandable polystyrene as a component in cement-bonded particle boards. Controlled samples of polystyrene cups from Jollibee, Inc. were used for the study. The material was shredded into 1 mm x 1.5 mm pieces and mixed with Portland cement in the following by-weight rations: 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20. Other components include water amounting to 10% of the weight of the cement and calcium chloride, a chemical accelerator. The mixture was mat-formed, pressed in a 10-ton hydraulic jack for 24 hours and left to cure for 28 days. Testing for bond strength, rigidity and water absorption was conducted. This included quantifiable values for Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), Nail Heal Pull Through, Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption. A test to determine the extent of the CBPBs insulating properties was also conducted. Test results only served to approximate the insulating property of the styrofoam CBPB. These values are not directly comparable to industry standards for insulation.
The results from these five tests indicated that the CBPBs from expandable polystyrene exceeded the Philippine Standards set by FPRDI and approved by DOST for each property of the board being tested. The tests also showed that the 60:40 styro to cement ratio contained the best proportion. A comparative analysis of the styro-board with FPRDI-fabricated sugarcane and cornstalk CBPBs was undertaken, and the expandable polystyrene boards compared favourably with boards made out of these materials. #45
The Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper Leaf Extract Against Termites Wyn Antonio A. Lumasag and Joseph Christian I. Romano
ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to determine the insecticidal effect of chili pepper leaf extract on termites. Chili pepper leaves were collected then air-dried and oven-dried until brittle. The leaves were then pulverized and milled using the Wiley mill. After this, the powdered leaf was boiled in water and filtered. After the preparation of the extract, termites were gathered into two containers. One of the containers was tested with the extract by means of spraying. The other container served as the control. The setup was checked every hour for five succeeding hours. Results showed that the extract had no apparent effect on termites. #46
The Production of an Improved Edible Film for Food Packaging Neil Ongkingco, Jerome Punzalan, Sanjay Risbud, Mary Rose Magpily and Patricia Anne Vega
ABSTRACT For the past years, plastics have been used to preserved processed fruits. Plastic is well suited for this role. It keeps moisture ad air out and so retards moisture absorption and oxidation caused by air. The bad side is that plastic is non-biodegradable. Plastic has been piling up in our landfills. The research project aim to produce an edible film made from chitosan and lactic acid that will preserved processed fruits. The production of an edible film would have to keep out moisture and air just like plastic. Also, since it is to be eaten with the fruit, it must not have an unpleasant taste. The edible film was prepared by mixing 1% chitosan solution with 50% lactic acid in a 1:1 mole ratio. The samples used in the experiment were sliced apples, since they are readily available and the results of its oxidation is easily observable. The film was applied to the samples by hand-dipping. The samples were then kept in three environments: the freezer, the refrigerator and at room temperature.
Results show that treated samples were comparable to the control only in the freezer. The treated samples in the refrigerator and at room temperature oxidized faster than the control. As for treated samples taste, results show that there is no significant difference in taste of treated and untreated samples. The results also show, increasing the lactic acid to chitosan ratio increases the effectivity of the film. The group therefore succeeded only in one of the objectives, producing an edible film with no unfavorable taste. Further research may delve into changing the mole ratio of chitosan to lactic acid to find the optimal ratio. The group therefore succeeded only in one of the objectives, producing an edible film with no unfavorable taste. Further research may delve into changing the mole ratio of chitosan to lactic acid to find the optimal ratio. #47
Foam polystyrene-Gasoline Mixture as an Adhesive Artheo Day V. Rivera
ABSTRACT This research is concerned with recycling of styrofoam, scientifically known as a foam polystyrene (FPS), a plastic resin. Styrofoam was reused as a major material for making an adhesive. Gasoline was used to dissolve the FPS, resulting in a sticky mixture. Five mixtures of FPS-Gasoline were made with the ratios of 11:4, 9:4, 7:4, 5:4, and 1:1 Blocks of wood having the same sizes were used for testing the adhesiveness of the mixtures. Each of the mixture was applied on a clean surface of the block and was left to air dry. Each mixture was tested against the commercially available cement rugby. A test of tension was done, pulling the two blocks which are bonded together by the mixture (receiving load). Results proved that the adhesive was comparable with the commercially produced RUGBY. It also showed that the mixtures having the ratios greater than 1:1 (FPS-gasoline mass ratio) are much stronger than RUGBY. #48
The Design and Implementation of the PSHS Transcript-of-Records System Eric Cesar E. Vidal, Jr.
ABSTRACT Schools like the Philippine Science High School keep track of student records and produce transcripts of these whenever a student requests them for college applications and the like. The process of creating transcripts require a search through these records and copying only the information needed for the transcript, a process which is in time-consuming and error-prone. This research simplifies those tasks by creating a database management system which enables the school registrar to store all the
needed transcript information in databases for easy storage and retrieval. The system also has added features such as student list printing, automatic sorting, common curriculum tables, support for multiple computers, and password security, which are designed to simplify transcript management. As a result, the system makes the production of transcripts more efficient, thus making student management easier for the registrar. Also, the system provides a backbone towards the eventual total automation of the school‟s student processing. #49
The Determination and Comparison of Some Chemical Properties of Coconut Oil with Other Vegetable Oils Karl Lester Yap and Paolo Ruiz
ABSTRACT Coconut oil is some of the Philippine‟s largest commercial products. Over the past few Years, scientific studies regarding the healthfulness of coconut oil have been made, the results showing that coconut oil is inferior to other vegetable oils. This has lead to the general belief that coconut oil is not healthful. In order to conclusively determine the validity of such a belief, this study was conducted. The aim of the sturdy was to determine the healthfulness of coconut oil with regards to other vegetable oils by performing three health-significant tests on it, and two other vegetable oils, namely soybean oil and corn oil. These tests are the determination of the iodine value, determination of the saturate/unsaturated fatty acid content, and determination of medium-chain [saturated] fatty acid content. The results of the test for the iodine value and saturated/unsaturated fatty acid content indicated that coconut oil was more saturated than both corn and soybean oil. This means that coconut oil has a higher tendency to cause cardiac diseases; saturated fatty acids tend to cause hardening and loss flexibility of arteries, which is the cause of most cardiac conditions. On the other hand, coconut oil had the greatest content of medium-chain fatty acids. (In fact, of the three oils, only coconut oil contained MCFAs). The significance of this is that medium-chain triglycerides, which contain MCFAs are more easily absorbed and digested during cellular respiration making them more efficient and accessible energy sources than a long-chain triglycerides. Coconut oil is, therefore, a better energy source that either corn or soybean oil.
#50
The Effect of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Root Extract on the Embryonic Development of Mus musculus Sandra Yap, Valery Cabal, Monica David, John Michael Cancio and Germaine Gabriel Belmonte II
ABSTRACT The malunggay plant is used for curing bruises and rheumatism, for dyeing as a supplement for breast-feeding mothers and is to be an effective abortifacient on humans. This study aims to determine the effect of malunggay (Moringa oleifera) root extract on the embryonic development of white mice (Mus musculus). Three malunggay root extracts of different concentrations were given to each of three sample groups and a control from a chi-square test showed that the malunggay root extract has no significant on the embryonic develiopment of mus musculus. #51
Construction of a Cement-polystyrene Based Ceiling Panel Dennis Evan Balacano, Justin Castelo,, Adrian Constantino and Edmar Vincent Slapno
ABSTRACT This research project is concerned with the recycling of foam polystyrene, more popularly known as Stryrofoam. Foam polystyrene was reused as an ingredient in making ceiling panels. The ceiling panels were made as follows: foamed polystyrene was mixed with cement (mixed with fine sand) after being dissolved in premium gas bought from a local Caltex station. This mixture was placed in molds 14 inches by 14 inches by ¼ inch left to air dry. The mixture ratio foam polystyrene and gas to cement and sand mixture was 30:70. The dried mixture was then removed from the mold and sanded into ceiling panel creating a fine surface. The resulting ceiling panels were tested against some commercial ceiling panels using the following criteria: flammability, water absorption, bending strength, weight and insulating properties. #52
COMPLEXCITI: A Game and an Economic Model Brian E. Abenoja, Charles Bernard C. Cielo, Ma. Clarizza S. Ching and Arlene D. Manalang
ABSTRACT The research involves the designing of the program that simulates economic trends. It aims to encourage people to study and to enjoy learning basic economics. Economics, being a social science, is a difficult topic to grasp
because it offers a little in the way of concrete tenets to help solidify its concepts. The project means to abjure this unfortunate quality through a visual model designed to epitomize the mentioned incomprehensibilities of economics. To construct the program, Visual Basic 3.0 was used. The maps and other graphics used in this project were drawn using Paintbrush and they were loaded into the game via specific calls by functions and procedures. The user has every option of going on with the game or quitting it via the message boxes that appear after a certain event. The creation of the simulation-game proved to be long and challenging such that time constrains have to be considered. The programmers, should they decide to make follow-up on this project should give ample time thinking of the algorithms and debugging of this game. Also, this type of project could be used to create other simulation of an ecological system. #53
The PSHS Library Directory Charisse Y. Austria, Michelle S. Gatan and Pauline Reyes
ABSTRACT
This project is a computer program that lists all possible reference materials needed in the library for easy selection. It aims to make this task of locating and finding exact materials in the library easier reducing time and effort, at the same time it helps the librarians for easy editing of records and importing of new acquisitions. The database is developed in a menu fashion. The selections are listed according to author, title and subject, just as one is accustomed to when going through the card catalogue. In a sense the project is a card catalogue in computer language, thereby making it easier and faster to search for needed information on desired topics. Future researches may be towards the development of a network application of this database, to be installed in the library with wider array of topics for selection.
#54
Video Tape Rentals Sarah Mae Bagsic, Janice Hya Tabula, Zulieca Tamayo and Ibrahim Shem Nas
ABSTRACT The software, Video Tape Rentals, keeps valuable information on customers and video tapes on hand for future or immediate references. It handles all computations and changing of status of tapes – whether the tape is in or out. Print-outs of the computations can be made available, therefore, it can serve as a receipt. This software is designed mainly to help video rental firms ease their job in managing, organizing, keeping track to all transactions and to meet the other needs and demands of both owner and customer.
FOXPRO was used to implement the software. The developed software is capable of adding, updating, and printing new records. The software is able to exhibit simplicity and understandability because data were stored in tables which are simple in structure. It is cheaper in the sense that only one person is needed to man it. It also efficient in the sense that all computations were done automatically. Although we cannot handle many copies of a single tape, in general the software was able to work up to expectations. The software‟s efficiency can be further enhanced by working on the software‟s capability of keeping track to numerous copies of a simple tape. With proper modifications this software can be of use to other firms with similar systems. #55
College Admission Test Reviewer Jomar Battung, Arnel daleja, Jim Funesto and Orland Gonzalez
ABSTRACT The College Admission Test Reviewer is a software whose purpose is to make reviewing easier and more enjoyable, while having a comprehensive review on the subjects Math, Filipino, Science, and English. It also aims to create an updateable reviewer. The procedures used in the software include Math, Filipino, Science, and English modules which were used to facilitate the review on each subject, and the checking and evaluation module for the evaluation of the user‟s performances. The data used in the project are test questions that came from the various references like the MSA. The software is fully functional, although many more modifications can still be done. Future programmers can make a better reviewer by adding a personal filing cabinet which will keep tract of user‟s performances. It would also help to include other subjects like abstract reasoning as part of the topics. #56
The Creation of a Workgroup Mailing and Scheduling Software Germaine Belmonte, Marcial Panganiban and Amilcar Reyes
ABSTRACT The project is aimed at creating a user-friendly software that will allow the user to send and to receive mail, post to workgroups, download archives, and use a group calendar without any knowledge of networking whatsoever. The project allows workgroups to use some functions of more expensive and complex e-mail systems without any knowledge in networking whatsoever. The users can post on several topic-based bulletin boards and on a common calendar.
The Clipper language was used in programming. Clipper 5.2 was used as the compiler and .Rtlink as linker. Most of the text were written in Microsoft Edit. The machine used were 286, 386 and 486 PCs equipped with DOS and Edit. The databases were created using DBU.EXE. The final product was able to meet the requirements stated above the calendar module was reduced to “Important Dates”. Further research groups planning to improve the software should concentrate on the software‟s security features and system administrator utilities. A very important feature lacking is also the ability of the software to allow mail between users of different workgroups. #57
The Development of a Database Program for Video Rental Procedures Gloria Patricia B. Benedicto, John Michael G. Cancio and Monica C. David
ABSTRACT
The program manages the inventory and daily procedures of video rental stores. It deals with the processes of returning and borrowing of tapes, inquiry about tape availability, and management of member‟s files. Improvements over the conventional method, where records are manually inputted and processed, are in maintenance of membership files, inquiry as to the availability of tapes, and returning and borrowing of tapes. However, the program is not capable of conducting accounting procedures such as balancing of dues, rebates, overdue and membership fees. Security is not managed by the program, anyone can access the database files and the program does not utilize back-up archives. #58
The Application of Solar Energy for General Consumption Dawn V. Benigno, Gino Franco L. Mallillin and Milo V. Alejo
ABSTRACT A program that computes for the power output of solar collectors that may be installed in future buildings is created to give the user an overview of the power output of the building. The program should first show the user an isometric drawing of the project being made after the user inputs the dimensions of the building and its geographical location interms of the longitudinal and latitudinal measurements and then shows the power output of the solar cells. The program aims to show the user the actual power output of the solar collectors that may be installed in future buildings and therefore let the user know if the future project would be successful or not. By using the program, the user saves a lot of time.
The resulting program proved to be inadequate because it could not compute the total power output of the buildings but can only show the isometric drawings of each and the user can make their own scale of measurements of the buildings. The program still needs to be improved by adding the formula that is needed in the computations of the power output. It can therefore be concluded that the program should not be used by the public but should be further improved. #59
Teachers Evaluation in PSHS MLM Lessandra L. Berbano, Phoebe Grace M. Cabaluna, Sharon T. de Leon and Manuel Joseph C. Loquias
ABSTRACT
The aim of this program is to upgrade the present evaluation system of the PSHS teachers. A complete list of all the current PSHS teachers, as well as the subjects and sections they teach, comprise the database files program. The program was designed especially for the convenience of the user. At the click of the key, the CISD staff can enter each teacher‟s scores into the database, and then view them later on. The rank of a particular teacher, as well as the teachers with the top ten averages, are the ultimate output of the program. The amount of time and energy conserved through this technique is tremendous, compared to the hours the CISD staff had to plod through while computing the scores by hand. The program, however, has a few drawbacks. Each year marks the departure of old teachers and the arrival of new ones, so it is necessary to update the database utility suit these changes. This problem poses a challenge, however, to future researchers who wish to improve on its program. #60
PSHS Electronic Library Catalog Valery Cabal, Katrina Gadia and Martha Jane Umali
ABSTRACT
The PSHS Electronic Library Catalog is simply a computerized version of the PSHS library‟s ordinary card catalog. The purpose of this software is to aid students, teachers, and researchers in the acquisition of the reading materials needed. Three important elements are also being attained using this form of card catalog: time efficiency, accuracy, and enjoyment. This software is composed mainly of databases for books, magazines, and topics found in the vertical file. The programming tool used is Clipper 5.0 since this is known as a computer language for creating databases. Directly inputted into the software are the information from the cards for the books, the titles and major articles for the magazines, and only the available topics for the vertical file.
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The PSHS Filing System: A Quick Memo Finder Agnes M. Cariaga, Rochelle Marnelli P. Dumlao, Margaret Marie H. Limgenco and Dawn P. Toledo
ABSTRACT This project aims to create a program that can locate files and memos without having to go through the actual files and paperwork. Instead, it makes use of an electronic file that is less bulky and time consuming to look through. The program contains modules that can add new memos to the file, look up a filed memo for reference, provide a complete listing of the memos stored, or delete files that are no longer needed. It is a small improvement to the crude manual system often used today but it is a step towards creating an efficient electronic system of keeping track of the paperwork in an office. Future researchers may look into the possibility of creating a more efficient and secure system which is more presentable than the existing one. #62
The Electronic School Directory Mario T. Carreon, Leo Andrei A. Crisologo, Joseph C. Lagon and Jerome V. Senen
ABSTRACT
The Electronic School Directory is an on-line guide to the Philippine Science High School Diliman Campus premises. The main objective of this software is to help visitors locate the offices or rooms that they want to go to. Visual basic was used in the creation of the software. Most of the control are done by images with help of command buttons and text boxes. The text boxes open certain text files which correspond to a particular office or building. Further improvements can be made by adding more pictures and text. The software has the capability of upgrading to the latest source since each attribute is controlled by an array. #63
Design and Implementation of a Symmetric-key Computer File Cryptosystem Based on the Vernam Cipher Model Jose Antonio Celestial, Pia Angela Bustos and Pamela Santos
ABSTRACT
This research aims to develop a system of securing computer files by means of a previously designed cryptographic model called the Vernam or One-time Pad cipher.
The project was carried out by designing the program in separate modules, each containing different function that perform specific tasks of the program. The main algorithm (based on the Vernam cipher) was first outlined in pseudo-code and translated into two separate functions (encryption and decryption). Miscellaneous functions were then designed or adapted to handle ciphertext validation, pre-encryption plaintext compression, argument processing, and string manipulation. Actual coding of the source code under C/C++ was initiated after completion of the cryptosystem definition. The compiled or executable program was then tested for errors. The last step was to test the implemented cryptosystem for different inputs of key and plaintext, and to record statistical data (i.e., elapsed times for encryption and decryption) for comparative analysis. The results of the project showed that any plaintext file can be successfully encrypted using a separate key file of the same length. A specific ciphertext file can be successfully decrypted by using an identical copy of the key used to encrypt the corresponding plaintext. Comparative analysis shows that plaintext files of increasing file sizes produce ciphertext files of similar increase in terms of file size. Elapsed times for encryption and decryption functions were also determined as a function of increasing file sizes, where a general increase in input file size would lengthen the amount of time to complete these functions. Ciphertext files encrypted using the executable program generally have smaller file sizes as compared to the original plaintext files, due to a function that compresses plaintext information before encrypting to ciphertext. Compression ratios were found to vary across various file formats, with test and raster bitmap files having the highest compression ratios while compressed information of random files having the lowest. From these results, it is concluded that a software implementation of the Vernam or One-Time Pad model can be successfully attained without sacrificing the intrinsic primary security feature of the original cryptosystem. #64
The Computer-aided Data Management of the Philippine Science High School Property Unit Coe de la Seña, Peter Paul Gadi, Leo Manauis and Voltaire Vitug
ABSTRACT This project integrates computers into the PSHS Property Unit‟s system by creating a program which would be able to handle the manual work done by the Property Unit personnel. Due to the broad scope handled by the property unit, however, only the student services provided by the Unit was computerized. This consisted of the borrowing/returning of books, togas, calculators and lockers. A mock database was used since data-encoding of the whole Property Unit data is time-consuming.
The programming facility used was Clipper 5.0 Each student service (books, togas, calculators, lockers) was provided a module which contained options to add, delete or edit the data in the specified module. The program created was organized and systematic. The interface is simple and easy-to-understand, but someone not familiar with the Property Unit‟s system would have a harder time analyzing the system. It is easily maintainable with an option to update the student database. The program, though usable, is still inadequate. Improvements need to be made like making the program able to produce hard copies of data essential in record keeping. A security password and archive are also needed. Further researches could go into the improvement of this project to make it serviceable to the Property Office. #65
The Feasibility of a Computerized Time-Keeping System for the PSHS Personnel Eunice M. Espe, Nina Marie R. Hernandez, Jennie Lou A. Montemayor and Selena J. Salang
ABSTRACT The project is a computerized time-keeping system for PSHS personnel which allows the employees to log-in or log-out, and to look at their deductions from the moth‟s salary according to attendance. The importance of this project is that it will make the computations of salaries easier for the PSHS accounting office and, with the use of personal identification numbers, ensure the confidentiality of information about employees‟ salaries. Steps taken in the making of this program are: data gathering, researching, encoding, debugging, and testing of the finished product
Consultation with the Accounting Office provided the group with a format for computation and an idea of what data to put in the database files. This project can be subjected to slight revisions to suit other businesses or factories. #66
Club Directory Mary Lauren R. Europa, Aileen D. Fadul and Robert John M. Tejero
ABSTRACT The project is simple database management system which was designed and implemented to enable the PSHS Registrar‟s Office to keep track of the clubs in school and their respective members. The system includes a master list of the clubs, as well as the listing of officers and members relevant information about each club member. The project aims to give the Registrar‟s Office a more manageable system, as the previous system involved manually-
created lists on paper. The program code was constructed using the MS-DOS Editor Clipper 5.0 as a compiler, the database files were created using the Database Utility and an introductory presentation was created using Qbasic. The resulting program, in itself, is then very simple and could easily be understood by the user. Changes to the databases must be done directly through the database utility. It is recommended that further similar researches include provisions that will allow the user to edit information found in the databases through the program itself. #67
Cell Reproduction and Development Aldric Z. Gaerlan, Lee Anthony D. Valera and Paolo Ruiz
ABSTRACT
The project is a software that focuses on a major part of the life of the cell, which is its propagation, or “cell division”. The two major kinds, mitosis and meiosis, are discussed in detail. Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) was the basis of the program-it imparts useful knowledge on cell division to the user. Visual Basic 3.0, an object-oriented programming language, was utilized in the production of the program. This provides user-friendly interface and promotes easy operation and utilization. The user just has to point and click. The program was met the objectives set for it, but further improvements are still needed. More information about cell biology can be added and a quiz portion should be also be included. #68
Philippine Science High School Residence Hall Catalogue Ronald Paul Gatbonton, Michael John Hilario, Hilda Larina Ragrario and Miles Tampani
ABSTRACT This project provides a system that will organize all the dormitory records into a user-friendly electronic database so that the very tedious job of handling, managing and processing large quantities of records in the four residence halls would be greatly facilitated. The software contains data regarding interns‟ bio-data, room assignments, roommates, and other dormitory related data. It will manages the maintenance processes of the dormitory room assignments such as addition of new rooms, deletion of dysfunctional rooms, editing of records, and transferring of dormers into new rooms. The program was created using the Clipper 5.01 and Rtlink, respectively. Files containing the data that the software will process were created using Database Utilities (DBU). The program resulted into a user-friendly one, with easy-to-understand menu that is provided with a brief description of each option at the bottom of the screen.
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Where are Waldo and Walda? Clarinda Xandra C. Gendrano, Thomas James G. Ingles, Carl Vincent O. Mercado and Ruchel M. Muñoz
ABSTRACT A software was designed and implemented to provide an easy and fast way of locating a student in the PSHS campus. Any visitor simply enters the name of the student he/she is looking for, the time, and the day, and the program will indicate the location of the student. The program was implemented using Microsoft FoxPro version 2.6 Two database files were used, Perinfo.dbf, which contains personal information on the student and Section.dbf, which contains the schedule of fourth year sections. There are also two bitmap files: idno.bmp, which contains secured pictures of students, and room.bmp, which contains secured pictures of rooms.
The software was found to be efficient and more convenient to use than having the visitor manually locate the student he/she is looking for. Though the program is working, it would be better if there is a network between the guard house and the Registrar‟s Office. The program‟s capability is limited by its database content, meaning that there is no way of verifying if the teacher is around or not. Also, if there are no classes for that day, the visitor wouldn‟t know. The program only accepts the name that will match the one in the database. For further improvement of the software, a module for the addition and deletion of record may be done because the software has no edit module. #70
THE DORMFILES Ma. Josefa N. Jocson and Gizelle Anne B. Torrizo
ABSTRACT
THE DORMFILES is a software created to serve as a computerized data handler of the Philippine Science High School Residence Halls‟ records. It aims to assist the dorm manager and the staff in managing the bio-data of the dormers. In using the software, lost messages would be minimized and tracking the dormers would be easier and faster. The programming language used in making the software is Clipper5. The software contains three (3) main modules: Information, Maintenance and I.D. number. The information module outputs dormers‟ information, enters and retrieves messages and has functions similar to a logbook which logs-in and logs-out dormers. The Maintenance module edits and deletes dormers‟ information and I.D. number and deletes messages. This module is guarded by a password. The I.D. number module just displays Dormers‟ names and sorted in alphabetical order with their corresponding I.D. number. The software is simple and could easily
be understood by the user and the confidential area is password-protected for a safer implementation. It is recommended that further research should be done in adding a function for class schedule for improvement in student tracing. #71
The PSHS Library Automated System Georgianne Liad, Renee Kristine Lorenzana, Tagumpay Vergara and Karl Lester Yap
ABSTRACT
The PSHS automated library system is a library system that allows the PSHS population to search for library reference materials, to borrow and return these materials, and tom update the data regarding these materials. The program was implemented using Clipper5. It allows the user to search for the records of books and periodicals in the library, log out books with the use of the book‟s classification number, log in books that have been borrowed. And if needed, compute the number of days overdue. It also allows update of the data regarding library reference materials. Search for books by author, title, subject and classification number is also possible. The program also holds a huge amount of data: the database of the library‟s holdings, the date and time that the item was borrowed, the date and time it was returned, the borrowers‟ I.D. number, the item number, the loan period and loan status. With these characteristics, the PSHS Automated Library System provides the PSHS population with an easier and faster access of reference materials, a more effective transaction of the library‟s holdings, and a more effective method of updating the data of the books. It is recommended that the program be applied and tested in the PSHS library to determine its effectivity and so that errors and limitations which have not been considered before be known and subsequent changes be made to the structure of the program. #72
The Design and Construction of a Computer-Aided Instruction Program Discussing Projectile Motion Jacinto A. Limjap, Jr.
ABSTRACT A computer-aided-instruction program on projectile motion based on the Philippine Science High School curriculum was designed and constructed. The content of the course includes the basic concepts of projectile motion as specified in the PSHS 2nd year (1995-1996) curriculum. After the design was finalized, a program was constructed using the Microsoft Windows 3.1x and windows 95 environment. The program presents slide shows discussing
projectile motion, and gives a quiz on the topic. The performance of the user is then recorded in separate data files. No actual evaluation of the program was done, so its effectivity is still questionable. #73
The Constellations Julius R. Migrino, Hernani Dingle, Karlo Torio and Johans Gonzaga ABSTRACT The constellation is a program intended to be a general reference of the different major constellations that can be found in the celestial sky. It was created to comply for users with general or little knowledge of the constellations. The program was made using Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0, an object oriented programming language. Most of the graphics included in the software were created using Windows Paintbrush and integrated in the program to provide pictures of the different constellations and the hemispheres. Several menus can be accessed in the program, which enables the user to browse through the program with minimal effort. Twenty-four different stellar patterns and the two different hemispheres of the celestial sky were included in the program, and are accessible through the different menus mentioned above. The program was completed behind schedule, therefore the quiz part wasn‟t included. #74
Development of a Computerized Database for Pharmaceutical Inventory Reynalin Penus and Sandra Yap
ABSTRACT This project aims to create a computer database program that would lessen the use of time and energy of the user while doing a pharmaceutical inventory. It includes all the necessary data that are needed in a pharmaceutical inventory as well as other pertinent information concerning the drug of interest. The program is divided into three parts: New Entries/Edit, Records, and Inventory, each of which are divided into subparts. New Entries/Edit is the maintenance module of the program wherein the user can add, delete, or change a record. The Records and Inventory modules are for the purpose of viewing information about the pharmaceutical product the user would want to know. Inventory contains the inventory of the drugstore. This includes the price, quantity, and total amount of remaining drugs. Records contains the same data found in the Inventory module with other data about the drug such as: Date Ordered, Date Delivered, and Deal. The resulting program was found to perform its function, which is to provide an alternative to a tedious manual inventory, thus the aim of the project was
attained. Future researchers are advised to revise the program in such a manner to add security measures and archives.
