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AbstractThe City of Portland, in collaboration with TriMet (Portland’s regional transit service provider) and the Oregon Department of Transportation, has implemented transit signal priority (TSP) at more than 240 intersections on seven transit routes as a part of the Streamline program. This study focuses on the simulation of one intersection in Portland by using hardware-in-the-loop simulation to examine the effects of TSP signal control strategies on transit performance. More specifically, near- and farside bus stops are studied with hardware-in-the-loop traffic simulation todetermine the effect of stop location on the effectiveness of the Portland TSP system. This analysis is verified by using a deterministic spreadsheet model to determine the effectiveness of the system and to address whether a green time extension plan should be used if there is passenger activity at a nearside stop.
Objectives
Conclusions
AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the support of the City of Portland, TriMet, ODOT, and the Portland State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering for their support. In addition, they particularly thank Bill Kloos, Willie Rotich, and Paul Zebell, of the City of Portland; Kiel Ova, of PTV America; and Karen Giese and Selman Altun, of Kittelson & Associates, Inc. The authors acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by Matt Lasky in the completion of this paper.
Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation to Evaluate Signal Control Strategies for Transit Signal Priority
Neil Byrne, Robert L. Bertini, Chris Pangilinan and Matt Lasky, Portland State University; Peter Koonce, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.
Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation to Evaluate Signal Control Strategies for Transit Signal Priority
Neil Byrne, Robert L. Bertini, Chris Pangilinan and Matt Lasky, Portland State University; Peter Koonce, Kittelson & Associates, Inc.
On-BoardComputerRadio
DoorsLift
APC (Automatic Passenger Counter)
Overhead SignsOdometer
Signal Priority Emitters Memory Card
RadioSystem
Garage PC’s
Radio Antenna
GPS Antenna
Navstar GPS Satellites
Control Head
Conditional Priority with TriMet’s Bus Dispatch System
Study Design• Model a single intersection• N. Killingsworth at N. Albina• VISSIM 3.70• Model 170E Signal Controller• NIATT Controller Interface
Device• “Hardware-in-the-loop”
simulation• With no Transit Signal Priority, bus stop location has a
negligible effect on delays and travel times.• With Transit Signal Priority AND a very high stop
utilization, far side stops are clearly beneficial.• Minimal increase in side street delay with short cycle
length (70 seconds) and modest volume to capacity ratios.• Future
• Effect of detection length• Different Transit Signal Priority plans (i.e. no green
extensions)• Traffic volumes
N
500’
Study Design• TSP Detection Range = 500’• 12 minute one-way headways• Dwell times of 20-40 seconds• 70 second cycle time• 31 green, 3 amber, 1 AR• Green Extension: + 12 seconds• Red Truncation: - 12 seconds• 25-hour real-time simulation
runs for each scenario, 2 runs per scenario
• Aggregate data every hour (50 samples)
• Vehicle/Person delay• Travel Times• Queue Lengths
TSP No TSP
Near Side Stop X X
Far Side Stop X X
Far Side Transit Stops Near Side Transit Stops
Travel TimesFar Side: -11% Near Side: +6% Intersection DelayFar Side: -33% Near Side: +18% Side Street DelaysMinimal delays
Delay Per Bus
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Stoppage Percent
Del
ay (
seco
nd
s)
Near Side
Near Side TSP
Far Side
Far Side TSP
Travel Time Per Bus
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Stoppage Percent
Tim
e (s
eco
nd
s)
Near Side
Near Side TSP
Far Side
Far Side TSP
• Stop Utilizatoin: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%• Near Side/Far Side similar with 0% stoppage• Near Side reacts as if it was a Far Side stop • Near Side delay reductions decrease with higher
utilization• Far side receives benefits regardless of stoppage
• Near Side travel time reduction occurs in every scenario EXCEPT 100% stoppage
• Far side receives travel time reduction for all scenarios.
• Far Side results have better consistency with TSP
• Unpredictability of dwell time for Near Side can make call for TSP ineffective.
Conditional Priority Framework
Green Extension
Red Truncation
Yes
Yes
Yes
Is bus within the City of Portland?
Is the bus on its proper route?
No
Are the bus doors closed?
Is the bus behind
schedule?
Request Priority
Priority Disabled
Is the bus on
schedule?
Has the request already been sent?
Yes No
Yes No
No
Yes No
No
• Examine relationship between Transit Signal Priority and bus stop location
• Explore concept of hardware-in-the-loop simulation• Measures of Effectiveness
• Bus Travel Times• Bus Intersection Delays• Side Street Delays
www.its.pdx.edu