Academic Administrators Leadership Seminars New Administrators Orientation

Managing for Diversity & Issues in Recruiting

Luisa Amelia Dempere, Ph.D.Chair, UF President’s Council on Diversity

Outlineo Diversity AND Inclusion: Core Understanding

o Historical Perspective and Facts

o What does research shows?

o Lessons learned?

o The Inclusive Model - How do we get there?

o The Business Case for D&I

o Legal Issues in Recruiting

Inclusion

Diversity

Law

Diversity without inclusion, will not work.

Diversity and Inclusion: Core Understanding

LAWS~

COMPLIANCE

LAWS~

COMPLIANCE

Executive Order 11246

Executive Order 11246

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

of 1967

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

of 1967

Vocational Rehabilitation

Act of 1973

Vocational Rehabilitation

Act of 1973

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Immigration Reform &

Control Act of 1986

Immigration Reform &

Control Act of 1986Pregnancy

Discrimination Act of 1978

Pregnancy Discrimination

Act of 1978

Genetic Information

Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

Genetic Information

Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

Fair Labor Standards Act

of 1938

Fair Labor Standards Act

of 1938

Americans with Disabilities Act

of 1990

Americans with Disabilities Act

of 1990

Title IX of the Education

Amendments of 1972

Title IX of the Education

Amendments of 1972

Uniformed Services

Employment & Reemployment

Rights Act of 1994

Uniformed Services

Employment & Reemployment

Rights Act of 1994

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

of 1964

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

of 1964

The Law

The Law

Equal Employment Opportunity

Affirmative Action

The enforcement of statutes to prevent employment discrimination

The effort to achieve parity in the workforce through outreach and eliminating barriers in hiring

Civil Rights to Full Inclusion

Inclusive Workplace

Managing Diversity

Diversity

Equal Employment Opportunity

Affirmative Action

Civil Rights Movement

<<< 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 >>>

Historical Perspective

12 years

15 years

13 years

Adapted from Georgia Coffey – The Inclusion Paradigm – U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Defining DiversityThe full spectrum of human differences and similarities, including immutable and mutable characteristics yielding unique perspectives.

Other way to “see” it...

Society for Human Resource Management

“Inclusion means a work environment where everyone has an opportunity to fully participate in

creating business success and where each person is valued for his or her distinctive skills, experiences

and perspectives.”-HP Corporate

“Inclusion puts the concept and practice of diversity into action by creating an environment of involvement, respect, and connection—where the richness of ideas, backgrounds, and perspectives are harnessed to create business value.” - Profiles in Diversity Journal

“Inclusion is a sense of belonging: feeling respected, valued for who you are; feeling a level of supportive energy and commitment from others so than you can do your best work.” - Miller and Katz

“The achievement of a work environment in which all individuals are treated fairly and respectfully, have equal access to opportunities and

resources, and can contribute fully to the organization’s success.” - Society for Human Resource Management

Defining Inclusion

Defining Inclusion

• By 2042, there will be no single demographic majority; we will be “majority minority”.

• By 2050, 1 in 5 people living in the US will be Hispanic.

• There are currently 4 generations in the workplace; soon to be 5.

• Disabilities affect 20 percent of all Americans.

• Women earn the majority of college degrees awarded in the United States.

• There are an estimated 9 million LGBT individuals in the U.S.

• Diverse workforces in culturally competent orgs have the highest employee engagement, which in turn leads to higher performance and productivity.

References: US Census Bureau; The Gallup Organization. Employee Discrimination in the Workplace, Public Opinion Poll - Sirota Survey.

The Facts

Georgia Coffey – The Inclusion Paradigm – U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Diverse teams are more creative and perform better in problem solving than homogeneous teams.

What is the functional value of homogeneity?

What is the functional value of diversity?

What Does the Research Show?

People in homogeneous groups tend to have blind spots in judgment and behavior as they assume that others are like them in terms of having similar perspectives, knowledge, and behavior...

Does homogeneity works towards the organization business case:• Innovation• Retention• Morale• Productivity, etc. ?[1]

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Studies have shown diverse teams...• promote creativity• foster critical thinking• tend to make better, more thoughtful

decisions because they consider a wider range of perspectives.

Other studies indicate diverse teams...• fuel interpersonal conflicts• reduce cohesion• slow the pace of working or learning.

Diversity in teams

“321 companies with more than $500 million in revenue, 85% agree or strongly agree that diversity is key to driving innovation in the workplace” – Forbes 2011

An article published in The Academy of Management Journal examined the impact of group diversity on academic performance.

For the study, the researchers defined diversity by cultural identification.

They created 19 culturally diverse groups and 17 culturally homogenous groups composed of white-Americans

At the end the diverse teams had surpassed the homogenous groups in overall performance. In fact, the diverse groups far exceeded the homogenous groups in the “Alternatives generated” (read: innovation) score.

Faculty Diversity

(Cultural Diversity's Impact On Interaction Process and Performance: Comparing Homogeneous and Diverse Task

Groups)

• Diversity in workforce and processes results in better decision-making.

• The effects of diversity are highly dependent on the presence of facilitating or inhibiting conditions in the organization...Absent facilitating conditions (inclusion)

the aforementioned outcomes are reversed.

What Does the Research Show?

Diversity without inclusion, will not work.

EEO

Average EEO complaint costs approximately $60,000 (administrative process) up to $250,000 (including settlement/damages).

25-40% of workforce attrition rate and 5-20% in lost productivity can be attributed to poor diversity management

turnover costs 75-150% of the replaced employee’s salary.

The flip side…

Georgia Coffey – The Inclusion Paradigm – U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Lessons Learned...?

NASAColumbia Accident

2003

An organization could be “diverse” and still not be inclusive.[1] D

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NASA“Organizational culture refers to the values, norms, beliefs, and practices that characterize the functioning of a particular institution.”

Causes that contributed to the Columbia accident included:An organizational culture that censored dissent.A performance culture that hushes differences of opinion.Resistance to external criticism and doubt.Imposition of the “party line vision … [which] led to flawed decision-making, self-deception, introversion, and diminished curiosity.”Organizational barriers that prevented open, effective communication.*

*Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report, 2003.

Lessons Learned

Scientific Community: NASA

NASA has since implemented one of the strongest diversity managementprograms in Federal government.

Lessons Learned

http://odeo.hq.nasa.gov/documents/diversityInclusion.pdf

NASA needs to be reflective of the diversity of America at all levels of the organization.

Fully integrate diversity and inclusion into the strategic decision making of the Agency to enhance organizational effectiveness, help achieve mission goals, and meet the challenges that lie ahead.

Strategically utilize and expand workforce talents, skills, and opportunities to maximize individual potential and productivity Agency wide.

http://odeo.hq.nasa.gov/documents/diversityInclusion.pdf

Lehman BrothersBankruptcy

2009

Organizations need both diversity and inclusion to be successful.

-Profiles in Diversity Journal

Economic Community: Lehman Bros.

“A culture that is too strong can also end up too rigid and can shut out diversity, especially diversity of perspective.”*

Issues leading to its bankruptcy and one of the worst economic meltdowns of the 20th century:

Insular organization.

Narrow decision-making; failure to gain broad input/perspective.

Outmoded, embedded cultural habits.

Hoarding information.

Misuse of talent.

Rigid, inflexible culture.

*Hope Greenfield. “Culture Crash” The Conference Board Review, Fall, 2009.

Lessons Learned

Economic Community: Lehman Bros.

Many of these issues are identical to those that led to Enron’s failure a decade earlier.

Lessons Learned

Global corporations are spending $8 billion a year in creating an inclusive culture...[1]

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6 Inclusion DimensionsAs identified through empirical research

• Fairness of Employment Practices (Rules and Procedures)

• Fairness of Employment Practices (Performance Evaluations)

• Inclusion/Participation in Decision-Making

• Inclusive Management and Leadership

• Information Access/Open Communication

• Integration of Differences

Georgia Coffey – The Inclusion Paradigm – U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Participation and Inclusion...

...not the same

How do we get there?Begin with Cultural Competence

Cultural Destructiveness

Cultural Incapacity

Cultural Blindness

Cultural Pre-competence

Cultural Competence

forced assimilation, subjugation, rights and privileges for dominant groups only.

racism, maintains stereotypes, unfair hiring practices.

differences ignored, treats everyone the same, only responds to needs of dominant group.

Cultural Proficiency

Georgia Coffey – The Inclusion Paradigm – U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Cultural Competence

recognize individual and cultural differences, seeks advice from diverse groups, hires unbiased staff.

Cultural Proficiency

implements change to respond to cultural needs, does research and teaches cultural competence.

Cultural Pre-competence

The organization explores cultural issues, is committed to assess needs of organization and individuals.

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Leadership Mindset:

• Recognize your bias (Harvard Bias Impact Analysis Test)

How do we get there? Business Process Reengineering

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Leadership Mindset:

• Challenge assumptions; abandon preconceived notions.

• Open your mind to new, untested ideas; consider alternatives.

• Shared leadership: power and accountability must flow down

• Sharing power does not mean abdicating responsibility.

How do we get there? Business Process Reengineering

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Organizational Processes:

• Re-engineer business processes: Design for processes that can yield more than one solution(this is counter-intuitive so you must be deliberate).

• Use interdisciplinary teams; encourage divergent thought.

• Don’t fear creative tension; consider it constructive conflict.

• Align personnel rewards systems accordingly.• Matrix management.

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Some of the management skills needed are: • an understanding and acceptance of managing

diversity concepts• recognition that diversity is threaded through every

aspect of management• self-awareness, in terms of understanding your own

culture, identity, biases, prejudices, and stereotypes • willingness to challenge and change organizational

practices that present barriers to different groups

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How do we get there?

Management Mindset:

– Cultural competency training.– Conflict management training for managers

and employees.– Mentoring/coaching– Diversity focused internships as part of

organizational and personnel development – D&I embedded in leadership development

programs.

Inclusion Strategies

“the benefits of diversity are not automatic and do not simply occur from a diverse campus.

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The Business Case for Diversity and Inclusion

Individual

• Self-actualization.• Self-empowerment.• Personal development.• Career enhancement.

Organizational

•Access to a new range of competencies.

• Increased flexibility, adaptability, and proactivity.

•Access to a diverse range of resources translating into bottom line results.

•External recognition as an employer of choice.

• Increased knowledge of diversity issues

•Fewer grievances, complaints, and lawsuits.

•Less staff turnover, absenteeism.

• Increased productivity and cost savings.

Team

• Cognitive diversity leads to better problem-solving and decision-making.

• Maximized innovation and productivity on complex tasks.

• Improved communication skills and the ability to work productively in teams.

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Equity

Diversity

High Performance

Organizational

Inclusion

Synergy for a High-Performing Organization

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InclusiveEnvironment

Organizational Structures

Communications

Work Life

Business Processes

Recruitment & Selection Processes

LeadershipAccountability

PerformanceManagement

Mentoring & Coaching

WorkAssignments

Learning & Career

Development Opportunities

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Issues in Recruitment

OPEN AND COMPETITIVE

FACULTY RECRUITMENT

OPEN AND COMPETITIVE

FACULTY RECRUITMENT

Executive Order 11246

Executive Order 11246

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

of 1967

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

of 1967

Vocational Rehabilitation Act

of 1973

Vocational Rehabilitation Act

of 1973

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Immigration Reform &

Control Act of 1986

Immigration Reform &

Control Act of 1986

Pregnancy Discrimination Act

of 1978

Pregnancy Discrimination Act

of 1978

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination

Act of 2008

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination

Act of 2008

Fair Labor Standards Act of

1938

Fair Labor Standards Act of

1938

Americans with Disabilities Act

of 1990

Americans with Disabilities Act

of 1990

Title IX of the Education

Amendments of 1972

Title IX of the Education

Amendments of 1972

Uniformed Services Employment & Reemployment

Rights Act of 1994

Uniformed Services Employment & Reemployment

Rights Act of 1994

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

of 1964

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

of 1964

IT’S THE LAW!

• It is illegal to discriminate against an applicant or employee because of that person’s race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability or genetic information.

• It is also illegal:

To publish job advertisements that show a preference for or discourages someone from applying for a job based on the above-referenced reasons.

To make decisions about job assignments and promotions based on the above-referenced reasons.

To discriminate against an employee in the payment of wages or employee benefits on the above-referenced reasons.

IT’S THE LAW!

SYSTEMIC DISCRIMINATION

• Involves a pattern or practice, policy, or class case where the alleged discrimination has a broad impact on an industry, profession or employer.

Examples of systemic discrimination: Discriminatory barriers in recruitment or hiring. Discriminatory restricted access to management trainee

programs and to high level jobs. Exclusion of qualified women from traditionally male dominated fields of work. Disability discrimination such as unlawful pre-employment

inquiries. Age discrimination in reductions in force and retirement

benefits.

MYTHS ABOUT HIRING A DIVERSE

FACULTY• Relatively few qualified women or minority candidates are

available, and these are highly sought-after, so we are unlikely to recruit them. Data (Ford Foundation) suggest that minorities are not sought-after:

Minority Postdocs: 54% never approached by any institution.

• We only use quality as a criterion for hiring… adding diversity will therefore compromise quality. Hiring a more diverse faculty will improve quality, not compromise it. More heterogeneous groups have greater creativity, bring wider

range of viewpoints to an academic endeavor.

• We are doing everything we can, so the situation is already the best it can be. The problem is all due to older long-term faculty, so once they die/retire, things will automatically improve.

NON-COMPLIANCE LIABILITIES

• Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) Authority to cancel, terminate or suspend federal contracts and

awards in whole or in part for failure of the contractor or subcontractor to comply with the nondiscrimination

provisions of the contract.

Authority to declare UF ineligible for further federal contracts

or extensions or other modifications of existing contracts.

• U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Authority to award compensatory and punitive damages to a

complainant (depending on the size of the employer (over 500

employees – limit is $300,000).

BUSINESS CASE FACULTY DIVERSITY

• An effective faculty diversity program fosters an academic community that reflects a diverse range of interests, abilities, life experiences and worldviews that enhance the

academic mission of the University of Florida.

• An effective faculty diversity program supports the equality of opportunity which ensures that the University of Florida can fully utilize the intellectual resources embedded in our diversity and maintain our legitimacy as a public university receiving federal funds.

BUSINESS CASE FACULTY DIVERSITY

• A diverse faculty reduces the probability of ‘groupthinking’ where pressure to conform within a group can prevent good decision making as independent thinking is lost.

• A diverse faculty creates a greater engagement of a full range of differences in producing the synergies that leads to breakthroughs in productivity and innovations.

• A diverse faculty provides a broader pool of skills, talents and perspectives to draw from for problem-solving and organizational success.

Administrators are accountable for creating and maintaining a climate of inclusion within their college and academic units.

– Each policy, procedure, program or practice implemented should reflect the principles and objectives of UF Regulation 1.0006, UF Non-discrimination policy.

UF’s Diversity Action Plan Proposed Actions

• Promote developing faculty exchange program with Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs).

• Promote establishing contacts with counterparts at HBCUs and HSIs for potential faculty recruitment.

UF’s Diversity Action Plan Proposed Actions

• Incorporate experience working in a diverse environment or with diverse population part of the job announcement.

• Incorporate diversity experience related questions in the interview questions.

Reading suggestions...

THANK YOU!

“When we feel a sense of belonging it is not because we are the same as everyone else,

but because we have been accepted as we are.”