ACADEMIC ENGLISH IIIOctober 17th 2012

Today

• Quotation and paraphrasing practice.

Direct quotations• Usually need reporting verbs or phrases:

• - assert - according to• - insist - As XYZ says• - claim• - say• - state• - suggest

Direct quotations

• It seems apparent that if athletes want to win, they must

consider using drugs. Dr. Michael Karsten, a Dutch

physician who said he has prescribed steroids to

hundreds of athletes, states, “If you are especially

gifted, you may win once, but from my experience

you can’t continue to win without drugs. The field is

just too filled with drug users” (Bamberger and Yaeger,

1997: 62).

Indirect quotations

• It seems apparent that if athletes want to win, they must

consider using drugs. Dr. Michael Karsten, a Dutch

physician who said he had prescribed steroids to

hundreds of athletes, stated that if [athletes] were

especially gifted, [they] might win once, but from his

experience [they] couldn’t continue to win without drugs.

He asserted that the field was just too filled with drug

users (Bamberger and Yaeger, 2010, p. 62).

Changing Direct Quotations to Indirect

1. Remove the quotation marks (“ “)

2. Add the subordinator that.

3. Change verb tense if necessary. - Remember tense rules.

4. Change pronouns (and time expressions if necessary) to maintain the sense of the original.

Practice sampleThe increased use of computers in business has

been accompanied by a costly increase in computer crime. The losses to victims of computer crimes are very high. Cybercrime author, Meredith Bruce claimed that the financial losses to business from computer thefts would exceed $85 billion in 2015 (Bruce, 2008: 185). Computer criminals steal not only money but also information. For example, they steal confidential business records, customer lists, and corporate plans. As Bruce stated, It is not just the money they steal; they steal data, and data is power.” (Bruce, 2008: 190).

Practice sampleThe increased use of computers in business has

been accompanied by a costly increase in computer crime. The losses to victims of computer crimes are very high. Cybercrime author, Meredith Bruce claimed that the financial losses to business from computer thefts would exceed $85 billion in 2015 (Bruce, 2008: 185). Computer criminals steal not only money but also information. For example, they steal confidential business records, customer lists, and corporate plans. As Bruce stated, “It is not just the money they steal; they steal data, and data is power.” (Bruce, 2008: 190).

Bruce, M. (2008). Cybercrime. New York: Wexler.

ParaphrasingPutting a passage into your own words without changing the meaning.

- Used to clarify meaning.

- Used to (slightly) shorten a longer statement, maintaining the main ideas.

How to paraphraseoRead the passage carefully.o oDecide the main ideas of the passage.

oHighlight important words or phrases.

oPut the main points in your own words.

Paraphrase Example 1Passage from a Book:

Ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.

Good Paraphrase Example

HIGHLIGHTED PASSAGEAncient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place

ORIGINAL PASSAGE• Ancient Egyptians

believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.

PARAPHRASEDPASSAGE

• King Osiris was the first pharaoh and spread knowledge. Queen Isis ruled Egypt when he was gone.

Bad Example

Original Passage• Ancient Egyptians

believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.

Highlighted Passage

Ancient Egyptians believed that Osiris, a good and wise king, was the first pharaoh. He spread knowledge to other parts of the world, while his wife, Isis, ruled Egypt in his place.

Poor Paraphrasing• King Osiris was an

ancient Egyptian King and the first pharaoh. He was good and wise because he spread knowledge to other parts of the world. His wife Isis ruled Egypt in his place.

Paraphrase Example 2Passage from a Book:

Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother Set, who cut Osiris’s body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it.

Good Example

Original Passage• Upon returning home,

Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it.

Highlighted Passage

Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it.

Paraphrased Passage• Osiris’s brother Set

killed Osiris by cutting his body into pieces, and Isis put the body back together.

Bad Example

Original Passage• Upon returning home,

Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it.

Highlighted Passage

Upon returning home, Osiris was murdered by his evil brother, Set who cut his body into pieces and dumped it in the Nile River. Isis found the body and put it back together by winding linen bandages around it.

Poor Paraphrasing• Osiris was murdered

and Isis found the body

PracticeRemember:

oRead the passage carefully

oFind the main ideas

oHighlight important words or phrases

oPut the main points in your own words

PracticePassage:

In 1857, a British expedition led by Richard Burton and John Speke set out to find the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. After reaching Lake Tanganyika, the two men split up because Burton was ill.

Example

Which one is the best?o Richard Burton and his

friend looked for the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. The men split up.

o In 1857, Richard Burton and John Speke searched for the great lakes on Ptolemy’s map, but they had to split up when Burton was ill.

o Two men from Britain looked for the great lakes but had to split up because one was ill.

Which one is the best?-the highlighted one is correcto Richard Burton and his friend looked for the great lakes shown on Ptolemy’s map. The men split up.o In 1857, Richard Burton and John Speke searched for the great lakes on Ptolemy’s map, but they had to split up when Burton was ill.o Two men from Britain looked for the great lakes but had to split up because one was ill

PracticePassage:

Speke discovered Victoria Nyanza and was convinced that the White Nile Flowed from it. A second expedition proved him right when he found the outlet of the Nile at a waterfall which he named Ripon Falls.

Example

Original Passage• Speke discovered

Victoria Nyanza and was convinced that the White Nile flowed from it. A second expedition proved him right when he found the outlet of the Nile at a waterfall which he named Ripon Falls.

Highlighted Passage

Speke discovered Victoria Nyanza and was convinced that the White Nile flowed from it. A second expedition proved him right when he found the outlet of the Nile at a waterfall which he named Ripon Falls.

Paraphrased Passage

Speke discovered Victoria Nyanza and found the outlet of the Nile which he called the Ripon Falls.