Academic Entitlement for SWPA 2007

8/9/2019 Academic Entitlement for SWPA 2007

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Academic Entitlement:Academic Entitlement:Predicting StudentsPredicting Students

Inappropriate BehaviorsInappropriate Behaviors

Karolyn BudzekKarolyn Budzek

University of OklahomaUniversity of Oklahoma

Faculty Sponsor: Nicole Judice CampbellFaculty Sponsor: Nicole Judice Campbell


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Thanks toThanks to

Jenel TaylorJenel Taylor

Shawn SingerShawn Singer

Chase MartinChase Martin

Sonal MalhotraSonal Malhotra

Ryan HillRyan Hill

Katrin RentzschKatrin Rentzsch

Erin DeWittErin DeWitt

Amber CoombeAmber Coombe

Amalia StrothmannAmalia Strothmann

Asher KillianAsher Killian


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What do you mean youre not givingWhat do you mean youre not giving

me an Ame an A I came to every class!I came to every class!

Examples of student incivility in andExamples of student incivility in andaround the classroomaround the classroom

arriving late to class and/or leaving earlyarriving late to class and/or leaving early

answering cell phones during lectureanswering cell phones during lecture

speaking rudely to the professorspeaking rudely to the professor

curtlycurtly--worded emails demanding notes fromworded emails demanding notes froma missed lecturea missed lecture


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Predicting student incivilityPredicting student incivility

SStudents behave poorly in part because of thetudents behave poorly in part because of the

impersonal nature of large classes.impersonal nature of large classes.

FirstFirst--year students in particular may have ayear students in particular may have alack of knowledge of what it takes to succeedlack of knowledge of what it takes to succeed

in collegein college Stable individual difference /Stable individual difference /

personalitypersonality

What do you mean youre not givingWhat do you mean youre not giving

me an Ame an A I came to every class!I came to every class!


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Academic entitlementAcademic entitlement

ExpectationExpectation of academic success withoutof academic success withoutpersonalpersonal responsibilityresponsibility for achieving thatfor achieving that

successsuccess Individual difference related to narcissism,Individual difference related to narcissism,

psychological entitlementpsychological entitlement

Explains some of the variance in uncivilExplains some of the variance in uncivilstudent attitudes and behaviorsstudent attitudes and behaviors

e.g. demanding special consideration for ae.g. demanding special consideration for alate paperlate paper


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AE1: Responsibility (13AE1: Responsibility (13--item)item)

The price of my tuition buys me course credit.The price of my tuition buys me course credit.

It is ultimately my professors responsibility toIt is ultimately my professors responsibility tomake sure that I learn the material of amake sure that I learn the material of acourse.course.

If I do poorly in a course and I could not makeIf I do poorly in a course and I could not makemy professors office hours, the fault lies withmy professors office hours, the fault lies with

my professor.my professor. For group work, I should receive the sameFor group work, I should receive the same

grade as the other group members regardlessgrade as the other group members regardlessof my level of effort.of my level of effort.


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AE2:Expectations (6AE2:Expectations (6--item)item)

I expect my professors to make theirI expect my professors to make theirclass notes available for me.class notes available for me.

I should never receive a zero on anI should never receive a zero on anassignment that I turned in.assignment that I turned in.

My professors should reconsider myMy professors should reconsider mygrade if I am close to the grade I want.grade if I am close to the grade I want.


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Correlations between Academic Entitlement subscales of

Responsibility andExpectations and related variables across

two samples

Academic Entitlement

Responsibility Expectations

Psychological Entitlement Scale .374** .342**

Personal Self-Efficacy -.611** -.075, ns

Strategic Flexibility: Adaptive .073, ns -.110, ns

Strategic Flexibility: Irresolute .248** .271**

Strategic Flexibility: Inflexible .018, ns .211**

Narcissistic Personality Inventory .110* .188**

NPI: Entitlement/Exploitativeness .225** .182**

State-Trait Grandiosity Scale .162** .184**

Attitudes toward Forgiveness -.350** -.091, ns

Need for Cognition -.284** -.175**

Agreeableness -.320** -.017, ns

Conscientiousness -.381** -.089, ns

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -.269** -.015, ns


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two samples















Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale -.269** -.015,ns


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Creating a vignette measureCreating a vignette measure

Generated academic scenarios thought to evokeGenerated academic scenarios thought to evokeentitled behaviors; students responded to openentitled behaviors; students responded to open--ended questionsended questions

Selected openSelected open--ended statements thought toended statements thought tocapture a continuum of student responsescapture a continuum of student responses

Inappropriate and appropriate items as rated byInappropriate and appropriate items as rated bysubjectsubject--matter experts (instructors)matter experts (instructors)

Vignette Measure: 4 vignettes, studentsVignette Measure: 4 vignettes, students

rate multiple response options forrate multiple response options for LikelihoodLikelihood you would engage in this behavioryou would engage in this behavior

AppropriatenessAppropriateness of this behaviorof this behavior


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Vignette measureVignette measure

In one of your classes this semester, you check yourIn one of your classes this semester, you check your

grade and see that it is just below the cutoff for agrade and see that it is just below the cutoff for a

higher grade.higher grade.

In this situation, howIn this situation, how likelylikely is it that you would make theis it that you would make the

following statements/thoughts?following statements/thoughts?


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I would expect the professor to be a kind, gentle,I would expect the professor to be a kind, gentle,understanding person and bump me upunderstanding person and bump me up

If I came to class every time and tried, I think IIf I came to class every time and tried, I think Ishould get an A.should get an A.

I think the higher grade would be fair. I am veryI think the higher grade would be fair. I am veryconcerned about my GPA, and a lot of myconcerned about my GPA, and a lot of myteachers in high school were somewhat flexibleteachers in high school were somewhat flexiblewith gradeswith grades

(Inappropriate responses)



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I would deserve the grade I earned throughoutI would deserve the grade I earned throughoutthe semester. I could have tried harder to get athe semester. I could have tried harder to get ahigher grade.higher grade.

I expect the professor to be fair and honest in hisI expect the professor to be fair and honest in hisor her grading and make no exceptions foror her grading and make no exceptions foranyone.anyone.

I would not expect a grade change. My idea of aI would not expect a grade change. My idea of acollege professor is not that lenient.college professor is not that lenient.

(Appropriate responses)



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Predicting Inappropriate ResponsesPredicting Inappropriate Responses

Variables considered as predictorsVariables considered as predictorsAcademic EntitlementAcademic Entitlement(Expectations, Responsibility)(Expectations, Responsibility)

Personal SelfPersonal Self--EfficacyEfficacy

Strategic FlexibilityStrategic Flexibility Psychological EntitlementPsychological Entitlement

Outcome variablesOutcome variables

Likelihood of appropriate itemsLikelihood of appropriate itemsAppropriateness of appropriate itemsAppropriateness of appropriate items

Likelihood of inappropriate itemsLikelihood of inappropriate items

Appropriateness of inappropriate itemsAppropriateness of inappropriate items


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Predicting Inappropriate ResponsesPredicting Inappropriate Responses

Likelihood of inappropriate itemsLikelihood of inappropriate items = .52 (Appropriateness) + .29 (= .52 (Appropriateness) + .29 (ExpectationsExpectations))

+ .14 (Irresolute Strategies)+ .14 (Irresolute Strategies)

R = .575, F = 168.168, p


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Predicting InappropriatePredicting Inappropriate

ResponsesResponses

Likelihood

Expectations

Responsibility

Entitlement

Appropriateness

IrresoluteStrategies


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The Academic Entitlement scale possessesThe Academic Entitlement scale possesses

a reliable structure and predictive powera reliable structure and predictive powerfor selffor self--reported behaviors.reported behaviors.

Student incivility is a problem, especially inStudent incivility is a problem, especially inlarger freshmenlarger freshmen--level courses such aslevel courses such asIntroductory Psychology.Introductory Psychology.

Understanding the predictors of studentUnderstanding the predictors of studentincivility will inform best practices inincivility will inform best practices inhigher education.higher education.

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Academic Entitlement for SWPA 2007

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