Academic Integrity and Plagiarism in Research
Dr Ramesh C GaurDirector (Library amp Information) amp Head
Kala Nidhi Division
Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA)
Email gaurigncanicin
In the 1980s India was among the top 10 countries in the worldproducing original research slipping to no 12 in the 1990s And in thefirst decade of the new millennium its position further slippedalarmingly to below 20 Research was no longer seen as a prestigiouscareer option because India has failed to provide adequateencouragement incentive and appreciation for students to get intoresearch areas said Narayan Murthy
Research Output of Various CountriesCountries No of Papers share of Papers Rank
2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009
USA 80094 4943 9977 2925 2952 2715 1 1 1
UK 23281 1480 3040 850 884 827 2 2 2
Japan 17167 1385 2087 627 827 568 3 3 3
Germany 15223 1023 2023 556 611 551 4 4 4
Italy 12410 682 1821 453 407 496 5 6 6
France 10676 777 1389 390 464 378 6 5 7
China 9520 211 2017 348 126 549 7 13 5
Spain 8104 410 1213 296 245 33 8 8 8
Netherlands 6451 340 954 236 203 26 9 9 10
Sweden 6393 472 814 233 282 222 10 7 11
India 5839 229 1164 213 137 317 11 11 9
Switzerland 3974 238 565 145 142 154 12 10 15
South Korea 3942 155 734 144 093 2 13 14 12
Brazil 3907 125 729 143 075 198 15 16 13
Turkey 3928 129 595 143 077 162 14 15 14
Belgium 3521 219 469 129 131 128 16 12 16
World 273829 16745 36745 10000 10000 10000
Research Output 2015
CountryTerritory Documents
United States 98818
China 49625
United Kingdom 37389
Germany 23094
India 20936
Australia 19962
Canada 17528
Italy 17467
France 15011
Spain 14118
Source Scopus
Library Resources Important for all steps in research
Finding research problem topic
Gathering background literature
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Writing research report
Disseminating results
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
In the 1980s India was among the top 10 countries in the worldproducing original research slipping to no 12 in the 1990s And in thefirst decade of the new millennium its position further slippedalarmingly to below 20 Research was no longer seen as a prestigiouscareer option because India has failed to provide adequateencouragement incentive and appreciation for students to get intoresearch areas said Narayan Murthy
Research Output of Various CountriesCountries No of Papers share of Papers Rank
2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009
USA 80094 4943 9977 2925 2952 2715 1 1 1
UK 23281 1480 3040 850 884 827 2 2 2
Japan 17167 1385 2087 627 827 568 3 3 3
Germany 15223 1023 2023 556 611 551 4 4 4
Italy 12410 682 1821 453 407 496 5 6 6
France 10676 777 1389 390 464 378 6 5 7
China 9520 211 2017 348 126 549 7 13 5
Spain 8104 410 1213 296 245 33 8 8 8
Netherlands 6451 340 954 236 203 26 9 9 10
Sweden 6393 472 814 233 282 222 10 7 11
India 5839 229 1164 213 137 317 11 11 9
Switzerland 3974 238 565 145 142 154 12 10 15
South Korea 3942 155 734 144 093 2 13 14 12
Brazil 3907 125 729 143 075 198 15 16 13
Turkey 3928 129 595 143 077 162 14 15 14
Belgium 3521 219 469 129 131 128 16 12 16
World 273829 16745 36745 10000 10000 10000
Research Output 2015
CountryTerritory Documents
United States 98818
China 49625
United Kingdom 37389
Germany 23094
India 20936
Australia 19962
Canada 17528
Italy 17467
France 15011
Spain 14118
Source Scopus
Library Resources Important for all steps in research
Finding research problem topic
Gathering background literature
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Writing research report
Disseminating results
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Research Output of Various CountriesCountries No of Papers share of Papers Rank
2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009 2000-09 2000 2009
USA 80094 4943 9977 2925 2952 2715 1 1 1
UK 23281 1480 3040 850 884 827 2 2 2
Japan 17167 1385 2087 627 827 568 3 3 3
Germany 15223 1023 2023 556 611 551 4 4 4
Italy 12410 682 1821 453 407 496 5 6 6
France 10676 777 1389 390 464 378 6 5 7
China 9520 211 2017 348 126 549 7 13 5
Spain 8104 410 1213 296 245 33 8 8 8
Netherlands 6451 340 954 236 203 26 9 9 10
Sweden 6393 472 814 233 282 222 10 7 11
India 5839 229 1164 213 137 317 11 11 9
Switzerland 3974 238 565 145 142 154 12 10 15
South Korea 3942 155 734 144 093 2 13 14 12
Brazil 3907 125 729 143 075 198 15 16 13
Turkey 3928 129 595 143 077 162 14 15 14
Belgium 3521 219 469 129 131 128 16 12 16
World 273829 16745 36745 10000 10000 10000
Research Output 2015
CountryTerritory Documents
United States 98818
China 49625
United Kingdom 37389
Germany 23094
India 20936
Australia 19962
Canada 17528
Italy 17467
France 15011
Spain 14118
Source Scopus
Library Resources Important for all steps in research
Finding research problem topic
Gathering background literature
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Writing research report
Disseminating results
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Research Output 2015
CountryTerritory Documents
United States 98818
China 49625
United Kingdom 37389
Germany 23094
India 20936
Australia 19962
Canada 17528
Italy 17467
France 15011
Spain 14118
Source Scopus
Library Resources Important for all steps in research
Finding research problem topic
Gathering background literature
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Writing research report
Disseminating results
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Library Resources Important for all steps in research
Finding research problem topic
Gathering background literature
Collecting data
Analyzing data
Writing research report
Disseminating results
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Impact of E-resources on Research Output
bull Revolutionized the access of scholarly information in the form of e-resources
bull Availability of e-resources have played a major role in increase inresearch output globally
bull Research output has almost doubled in India since the e-resources areeasily accessible
bull More so after the access to latest research published in peer reviewedjournals is within easy reach of researchers
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Libraries and Research Sophistication originality or unusual depth or breadth in library
research --the use of library collections --including but not limited toprinted resources databases primary sources and materials in allmedia
The emergence of the internet and e-resources particularly the WorldWide Web as a new medium of information storage and deliveryrepresents a revolution which will have a lasting impact on thepublishing and information delivery system in the twenty-first century
The new information and communication technology helps to producea large number of electronic resources Which are very useful toconduct and enhance the research
Libraries should be synonymous with research
Exceptional ability to locate select evaluate and synthesize libraryresources and to use them in the creation of a project in any media thatshows originality andor has the potential to lead to original research inthe future
Evidence of significant personal learning and the development of ahabit of research and inquiry that shows the likelihood of persisting inthe future
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Top 25 Universities - Publishing Output
Source Scopus Data (2001-2010) Analysis as at 17th May 2011CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate and Publication Numbers Include Articles Conference Papers Review and
Letter
Universities 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Publication CAGR
Jadavpur University 308 308 417 481 569 677 780 891 1007 1053 6491 14
University of Delhi 348 364 479 462 544 564 678 752 811 965 5967 12
Anna University 202 241 285 368 429 593 599 657 642 782 4798 16
Banaras Hindu University 255 221 267 277 306 355 447 528 650 754 4060 13
Aligarh Muslim University 169 181 242 283 319 408 400 445 556 608 3611 15
University of Calcutta 205 206 247 273 295 301 429 416 544 541 3457 11
University of Madras 204 191 320 290 360 453 408 386 420 341 3373 6
Annamalai University 86 133 170 255 305 339 484 468 512 554 3306 23
Punjab University 174 193 200 217 354 372 402 417 457 514 3300 13
University of Rajasthan 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 494 2849 13
University of Hyderabad 157 170 194 218 290 299 345 326 356 493 2848 13
University of Mysore 116 168 137 191 226 344 364 256 335 399 2536 15
Jawaharlal Nehru University 191 180 194 248 261 223 237 305 320 296 2455 5
University of Pune 116 121 142 154 201 264 278 287 344 398 2305 15
Andhra University 155 172 197 151 163 176 217 257 294 313 2095 8
Guru Nanak Dev University 98 140 139 167 171 225 203 242 268 279 1932 12
Osmania University 99 124 149 155 186 209 194 195 273 289 1873 13
Punjab Agricultural University 138 152 187 166 193 218 204 173 184 186 1801 3
University of Mumbai 178 188 166 164 176 205 206 261 235 172 1790 29
University of Allahabad 58 74 84 91 136 170 205 260 313 342 1733 22
Sri Venkateswara University 136 104 132 135 139 154 237 241 216 236 1730 6
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 103 106 129 144 162 183 174 179 243 257 1680 11
CCS Haryana Agr University 164 139 174 179 197 158 157 154 145 125 1592 -3
University of Lucknow 48 77 91 131 146 154 195 188 264 261 1555 20
Karnataka University 76 108 129 135 131 191 178 137 179 209 1473 20
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Usage amp Publishing OutputThere is a correlation
Pu
bli
shin
g O
utp
ut
ndashT
op
10 Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Panjab University
Aligarh Muslim University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad University of
Madras
University of Rajasthan
Use
rs o
f J
ou
rna
l In
form
ati
on
ndash
To
p 1
0
Anna University
Banaras Hindu University
Delhi University
Jadavpur University
Jawaharlal Nehru University Panjab
University
Pondicherry University
University of Calcutta
University of Hyderabad
University of Pune
Data from Scopus on university research output was mapped onto full text article usage on ScienceDirect between
2005 amp 2010 In 8 cases of out of the top10 a correlation is displayed between journal usage and publishing output
Note The lists are in alphabetical order
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
The purpose of research
bull Why do we do research
ndash To contribute to or extend knowledgehellip
bull How do we do this
ndash hellip by building on the work of others
bull We are expected to place our research in the right contexthellip
bull hellip to show that we are aware of what else is happening
bull hellip to show that we understand where our work fits
bull So our reports must contain an analysis of similarrelevant work
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Reporting Our Research
bull We have to make clear distinctions between what is our own originalwork what is our opinion about the work of others the claims ofothers we are reporting and what is actually said by others (verbatim)
bull lsquoWorkrsquo can be ideas descriptions research data opinions picturesfigures tables etc
bull It should still be possible for the readerexaminer to tell differencebetween your own work your opinion of the work of others and theverbatim words of others
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Academic Integrity and Ethical Issues in Research
bull Honesty
bull Objectivity
bull Integrity
bull Carefulness
bull Openness
bull Respect for Intellectual Property
bull Confidentiality
bull Responsible Publication
bull Responsible Mentoring
bull Respect for colleagues
bull Social Responsibility
bull Competence
bull Reference Management Tools
bull Legality
bull Animal Care
bull Human Subjects Protection
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Copyrights vs Plagiarism
bull Copyright is about protecting rights of creator of information
bull Plagiarism is using someone elses work or ideas withoutgiving proper credit
bull Plagiarism is a violation of academic norms
bull Plagiarism is an offence against the author while copyrightviolation is an offence against the copyright holder
bull Copyright is applicable to licensed contents only whileplagiarism is applicable to both licensed and unlicensedcontents
httpsresearchguidesuiceducphpg=252209ampp=1682805
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Plagiarism in Research
Plagiarism is specifically defined as a form of research
misconduct
ldquoMisconduct means fabrication falsification plagiarism or
any other practice that seriously deviates from practices
commonly accepted in the discipline or in the academic and
research communities generally in proposing performing
reviewing or reporting research and creative activitiesrdquo
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
What is Plagiarism
bull The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiaremdashto kidnap (Oxford English Dictionary)
bull Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone elses work and attempting to pass it off as your own This can apply to anything from term papers to photographs to songs even ideas
bull Submit a paper Dissertation Thesis to be graded or reviewed that you have not written on your own
bull Copy answers or text from another classmate and submit it as your ownbull Quote or paraphrase from another paper without crediting the original
authorbull Cite data without crediting the original sourcebull Propose another authorrsquos idea as if it were your ownbull Fabricating references or using incorrect referencesbull Submitting someone elsersquos presentation program spreadsheet or other file
with only minor alterationsbull buying or selling term papers assignments Dissertations Thesis
Source wwwplagiarismorg
httptltpsueduplagiarismstudent-tutorialdefining-plagiarism-and-academic-integrity
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Intentional Plagiarism Falsification Fabrication
bull Fabrication is the intentional act of making up data or results andrecording or reporting them
bull Falsification is manipulating research materials equipment orprocesses or changing or omittingsuppressing data or results withoutscientific or statistical justification such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record This would include themisrepresentation of uncertainty during statistical analysis of thedata
bull Fake peer reviews
httporeiunimelbeduaucontentfabrication-falsification-plagiarism
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Unintentional or Accidental Plagiarism
bull Failing to document or ldquociterdquo properly unfamiliar with International styles of documentation
bull Quoting excessively
bull Failing to use your own ldquovoicerdquo to present information or ideas
May not know how to integrate ideas of others and document properly
May not know how to take notes properly or done sloppily
taking the ideas of other writers and mixing them together
Using minimal or careless paraphrasing
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Self-plagiarismbull Copying material you have previously produced and passing it off as a
new production
bull Writers often maintain that because they are the authors they can reusetheir work as they please it couldnt be defined as plagiarism sincethey are not taking any words or ideas from someone else Howeverwhile the debate on whether self-plagiarism is possible continues theethics of self-plagiarism is significant especially because self-plagiarism can infringe upon a publisherrsquos copyright
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Why Do Researchers Plagiarize
bull Study Pressure
bull Disorganized research work
bull Poor Study habits
bull Cut-and-Paste culture
bull English as an International language- in many non-English speakingcountries
bull lack of understanding seriousness of plagiarism
bull Lack of strict Academic Discipline
bull Careless attitude
bull Lack of referencing skills
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Penaltiesbull If student found guilty of academic misconduct
bull A requirement for submission of a new or alternative piece of work
bull The rescinding of University-funded scholarships or bursaries
bull Partial or total loss of marks on the examination or assignment or course in which the offence occurred
bull Suspension or expulsion from the University
bull A recommendation for revocationrescinding of a degree
bull If a Researcher Academician is found guilty they may face following penalties
bull Disgrace to both Individual and institution
bull May face disciplinary action as per institute rules
bull it can cost a person his or her professional credibility or even a job
bull Debarment from eligibility to receive research funds for grants and contracts from any government agency in India
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Academic Integrity Panelbull Departmental
bull Institutional
bull PenaltiesSimilarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Country of origin of publications retracted for fraud or suspected fraud (A) plagiarism
(B) or duplicate publication (C)
Fang F C et al PNAS 201210917028-17033
copy2012 by National Academy of Sciences
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Examples
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
What if Plagiarism is DetectedPublisherrsquos Policy
bull COPE
bull The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) was established in 1997 by a small group of medical journal editors in the UK but now has over 9000 members worldwide from all academic fields
bull Several major publishers (including Elsevier WileyndashBlackwell Springer Taylor amp Francis Palgrave Macmillan and Wolters Kluwer) have signed up some if not all of their journals as COPE members
bull Flowcharts of detection on plagiarism
httppublicationethicsorg
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Plagiarism detection Tools
bull Council of Writing Program Administrators
bull Harvard College Writing Programrsquos Guide to Using Sources
bull iThenticate
bull Plagiarismorg
bull PlagTrackercom
bull Turnitin
bull WriteCheck
bull Grammarly
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Advantages
bull Prevents Plagiarism
bull Engages researchers to make concerted efforts to improve the research writings
bull can get instant feed back
bull Peer review (Reviewers can let anonymously critique and evaluate each otherrsquos papers)
bull Identifies the different words which have been added deleted or substituted
bull Does citation verification
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Limitations
bull Cannot identify plagiarism from a non online source
bull Has problems with mathematical formulas(latex files)
bull Distorts the format of the original documents tables graphs andimages donrsquot appear
bull Does not differentiate between quoted materials and original writingat times
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Understanding Originality Report
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Exclusions from Similarity Checks
The similarity checks for plagiarism shall exclude the following
(i) All quoted work either falling under public domain or reproduced with all necessary permission andor attribution
(ii) All references bibliography table of content preface and acknowledgements
(iii) All small similarities of minor nature
(iv) All generic terms laws standard symbols and standards equations
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
How to Avoid Plagiarism
bull Simply be honest
bull Understand what is plagiarism is How to detect and avoid it
bull Read very carefully guidelines for writing thesis dissertations research papersresearch and results reporting
bull Must familiarize yourself with the subject
bull Must know resources at your disposal
bull Acknowledge the author of the original work youve used
bull How to cite a source
bull Understand what doesnt need to be cited
bull Put your research under Open Access-for more visibility
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Must do things before start of research work
bull Attend research methodology workshop English remedial course training inreference management tools Library orientation programme etc authorworkshops and course on technical writing skills etc
bull How to read understand analysis and take notes from an articleieeecssorgCSMlibrary1999feb199903-studentguidetoresearchpdf (DennisS Bernsteins 51 tips-Students Guide to research)
bull Get account to check plagiarism use of reference management tools researchforums online discussion groups
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Forums to share Research
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
What is Referencing
bull What is citation
bull How do I cite sources
bull Doesnt citing sources make my work seem less original
bull When do I need to cite
bull Whats a Bibliography
bull whats an Annotated Bibliography
bull What is difference between References and Bibliography
bull What are Endnotes
bull What are Footnotes
bull Whats the difference between Footnotes and Endnotes
bull If I cite sources in the Footnotes (or Endnotes) hows that different from a Bibliography
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Create Research Diary or Research Notes
bull a balance between the ideas you have taken from other sources and your own original ideas
bull Take notes of referred sources- marking page numbers record bibliographic information or web addresses for every source
bull Note-takingbull First note sourcersquos bibliographic information
bull Paraphrase or summarize as you go
bull Put a ldquoPrdquo or an ldquoSrdquo next to paraphrases amp summaries
bull Use a ldquoQrdquo to mark the beginning and end of passages copied directly from the text
bull Use different coloured ink for copied ideas
bull Whether you paraphrase or copy direct quotations always keep the citationpage information with the text so that if you decide to rearrange your notes you have a record of what came from where
bull Remember to write down not just the useful information you discover but where you have found it too
bull Itrsquos very difficult to backtrack later if you canrsquot remember which book or website the information comes from
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Referencing ndash Why do it
bull Sources need to be acknowledged when you are writing your projectThesis Dissertationpaper bookchapter etc
bull This allows your teacher to
bull Check your work
bull See which sources of information you have used
bull Ensure you havenrsquot just made up the information
bull This allows referees reviewer examiner to verify the contents
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
What to cite
When you write some paper dissertation or thesis you may use
bull Words
bull Opinions
bull Statistics
bull Facts
bull Information from an author or any other source and
bull Pictorial representations
you are required to put down a footnote quotation marks andor an in-textparenthetical reference to the author If there is no author then state whereyou found the information
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Citation Styles
bull Humanitiesbull Chicago
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull Excellent FAQ on Usage in the Chicago Style
bull Writers Handbook Chicago Style Documentation
bull MLA (Modern Language Association)
bull Writers Handbook MLA Style Documentation
bull MLA Citation Style
bull Sciencesbull ACS (American Chemical Society)
bull AMA Citation Style
bull IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
bull Electrical Engineering Citation Style
bull NLM (National Library of Medicine)
bull NLM Style Guide
bull National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation (PDF format)
bull Vancouver (Biological Sciences)
bull Introduction to the Vancouver Style
bull Social Sciencesbull AAA (American Anthropological Association)
bull Citations and Bibliographic Style for Anthropology Papers
bull APA (American Psychological Association)
bull Writers Handbook APA Style Documentation
bull APA Styleorg
bull APSA (American Political Science Association)
bull Writers Handbook APSA Documentation
bull Legal Style
bull Legal Citation Using and Understanding Legal Abbreviations
bull Legal Research and Citation Style in the USA
bull Otherbull General info on citing web documents
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
bull Recommended Multi-Style Links
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Summarizing Paraphrasing and Quoting
bull Depending on the conventions of your discipline you may have to decide whether tohellip
bull Scholars in the humanities tend to summarize paraphrase and quote texts social scientists and natural scientists rely primarily on summary and paraphrase
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Integrating Sources
In order to use a source effectively in your paper you mustintegrate it into your argument in a way that makes it clear toyour reader not only which ideas come from that source butalso what the source is adding to your own thinking- what thesource is doing in your paper
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Choosing Relevant Parts of a Source
bull When you use sources in a paper remember that the main focus of your papershould always be on what you are saying rather than on what any individualsource is saying
bull In order to make the strongest argument you can you should always be tryingto strike a balance between your sources and your own voice
bull When you consult multiple sources for a research paper you might findyourself trying to strike an even more delicate balance between the voices ofthose sources and your own voice
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
When and How to Summarize
bull When you summarize you provide your readers with a condensedversion of an authorrsquos key points A summary can be as short as a fewsentences or much longer depending on the complexity of the textand the level of detail you wish to provide to your readers
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Paraphrasing
Good paraphraseshellip
Know how to Paraphrase-A paraphrase is a restatement in your own words of
someone elsersquos ideas Changing a few words of the original sentences does NOT
make your writing a legitimate paraphrase You must change both the words and the
sentence structure of the original without changing the content Also you should
keep in mind that paraphrased passages still require citation because the ideas came
from another source even though you are putting them in your own words
1) change the order amp structure of sentences
2) use synonymsdifferent forms of words
3) may change the voice or perspective
Source httpwwwacademicintegrityuoguelphca
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Using Quotations
bull What is quoting
bull When to quote
bull How much to quote
bull How do I incorporate quotations in my paper
bull Quoting Within Quotes
bull How do I include long quotes in my paper
bull Single vs double quotations
bull Punctuating quotations
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
When to Quote
bull The basic rule of thumb in all disciplines is that you should only quotedirectly from a text when itrsquos important for your reader to see the actuallanguage used by the author of the source
bull When you are discussing an authorrsquos position or theory and you plan todiscuss the wording of a core assertion or kernel of the argument in yourpaper
bull When you risk losing the essence of the authorrsquos ideas in the translation fromher words to your own
bull When you want to appeal to the authority of the author and using his or herwords will emphasize that authority
httpisitesharvardeduicbicbdokeyword=k70847amptabgroupid=icbtabgroup108986
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Using Quote- How Much
bull Generally anything beyond 4 words you should cite it
bull A quote is a word sentence or sentences that a writer copies exactlyfrom a source
bull A quote is enclosed in quotation marks (for quotes up to 39 words)
bull For quotes of 40 or more words it stands alone without quotation marksand is indented five (5) spaces from the left margin
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Plagiarism and Group work
bull Some assignments and Assigned Practical Tasks require you towork in groups
bull Sometimes you will submit a single piece of work as a joint report
bull Other times you will work together but submit separate reports
bull Remember to give credit where it is due
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Research Papers and Thesis and Dissertations
bull You may include research papers where you are the first authorwritten during the period of your research
bull Contributions As a second author- may be used as other references
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Tools for in Reference Management and Academic Writing Skills
bull Citation Machine
bull CrossRef
bull EasyBib
bull EndNote
bull Mendeley
bull OWL ndash Research and Citation Resources
bull Zotero
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Mendeley
bull Mendeley is a free reference manager
bull a combination of a desktop application and a website [easy Sync]
bull to manage share and discover both content and contacts in research
bull download Mendeley for free
bull quick amp simple installation
bull add all your PDFs (Articles Book Chapters etc)
bull organize cite and collaboratehellip
bull works on Windows Mac amp Linux
bull free and fully compatible with Windows Word 2003 ndash 2010 Mac Word 2008 ndash 2011 LibreOffice and BibTex
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Zotero
Free (open source) easy-to-use bibliographic reference manager
Helps researchers collect organize cite and share your research sources
Can be downloaded from address below
Uses various web browsers but is written for Mozilla Firefox
Also able to download from the link
wwwzoteroorg
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Theses and dissertations have long been regarded as the bedrock of graduate
education They are scholarly works that take years to research and write hellip However
the vast majority of these works languish in obscurity in college and university libraries
and archives The best way to bring this research to light is to publish it electronically
and give to students and researchers free and open access to theses documents via
the World Wide Web
Fineman Yale (2003) Electronic theses and dissertations Libraries and the academy 3(2)
219-227
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Have a Plagiarism Policy for your University Institute
bull Preamble
bull UGC Regulations 2018bull Infrastructure
bull Awareness
bull Constitution of DAIP and IAIP
bull Plagiarism Guidebull What is Plagiarism
bull Types of Plagiarism
bull How to detect
bull Plagiarism FAQs
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Students
bull How to Avoid Plagiarism Prevention Guidelines for Educators
bull What is Citation
bull How to Cite Sources
bull Listing References
bull Citation Styles
bull Counselling
bull Important Terms
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OFACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM INHIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS 2018
bull Introductions
bull Awareness and training
bull Curbing Plagiarism
bull Detection
bull Academic Integrity Panel
bull -Departmental
bull Institutional
bull Penalties
bull Similarities upto 10 - excluded
bull Level 1 Similarities above 10 to 40
bull Level 2 Similarities above 40 to 60
bull Level 3 Similarities above 60
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Conclusions
bull Understand why students or educator cheat
bull Educate them about plague of plagiarism What is plagiarism
bull Tell them benefits of citing sources
bull Let them know about the penalties and consequences by citing examples
bull Teach them about how to detectplagiarism
bull Teach them about how to avoidplagiarism
bull Develop an institutional frameworkie Plagiarism policy open accesspolicy workshop and training andproper guidelines
bull Strengthen your Library andInformation systems and integrate itwith your research processLibrarians are best trained indealing with such issues
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
Acknowledgements and Declaration by Presenter
bull I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of various Internetsources used to prepare this presentation
bull Wherever possible the links have been provided However anyomission is duly regretted
bull The presentation is mainly prepared to create an awareness amongststudents and researchers about the plague of plagiarism
bull These slides have beenbeing used in my various talks andpresentations both online and offline
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
