Academic Task #1 – Academic Task #1 – Lecture and Cornell Notes Lecture and Cornell Notes on the on the Bubonic Plague Bubonic Plague (Webb’s (Webb’s

Level 1)Level 1)

Take out a sheet of paperTake out a sheet of paper

Take Cornell Notes on the following Take Cornell Notes on the following slidesslides

Be prepared to answer questions Be prepared to answer questions based on slidesbased on slides

What causes plague?What causes plague?

PlaguePlague – caused by a bacterium, caused by a bacterium, Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis, ,

Transmitted from infected animals to Transmitted from infected animals to humans, usually by fleas. humans, usually by fleas.

May be transmitted from humans to others May be transmitted from humans to others by:by:– direct contactdirect contact– Touching; or Touching; or – breathing droplets that contain the breathing droplets that contain the

bacteriumbacterium

Academic Task #2 - Answer Academic Task #2 - Answer the following questions the following questions

(Webb’s Level 1)(Webb’s Level 1)What causes a What causes a plagueplague and what’s the and what’s the scientific name?scientific name?

How is a How is a plagueplague transferred from an transferred from an animal to a person?animal to a person?

How is a How is a plagueplague transferred from one transferred from one person to another person?person to another person?

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis

Academic Task #3 – Academic Task #3 – Continue with Cornell Notes Continue with Cornell Notes on the Bubonic Plague on the Bubonic Plague (Webb’s (Webb’s

Level 1)Level 1)

Continue to take notes because you Continue to take notes because you will be asked to do something else will be asked to do something else with the material soon.with the material soon.

Rodents can be infected with Y. pestis.

Fleas transmit the plague bacteria to humans.

Types of PlagueTypes of PlagueSymptoms of plague vary and are Symptoms of plague vary and are grouped into three types:grouped into three types:

– BubonicBubonic: : lymph nodes become swollen, tender, and are lymph nodes become swollen, tender, and are termed buboes termed buboes

Patient develops fever, chills, and weakness. This Patient develops fever, chills, and weakness. This is what is known as bubonic plague.is what is known as bubonic plague.

Bubonic Plague buboes

Types of Plague (cont.)Types of Plague (cont.)Symptoms of plague vary and are Symptoms of plague vary and are grouped into three types:grouped into three types:

– SepticemicSepticemic: : Generally, patients DO NOT develop buboesGenerally, patients DO NOT develop buboes

Symptoms may include fever, chills, weakness, Symptoms may include fever, chills, weakness, bleeding under the skin, abdominal pain, and bleeding under the skin, abdominal pain, and septic shock with low blood pressure.septic shock with low blood pressure.

Types of Plague (cont.)Types of Plague (cont.)

Symptoms of plague vary and are Symptoms of plague vary and are grouped into three types:grouped into three types:

– PneumonicPneumonic: : Symptoms include shortness of breath, Symptoms include shortness of breath, cough (sometimes with bloody sputum), and cough (sometimes with bloody sputum), and chest pain quickly develop along with chest pain quickly develop along with weakness, fever, and headaches.weakness, fever, and headaches.

How do people How do people diagnosediagnose a a plagueplague??

DiagnosisDiagnosis – to determine what’s wrong with the – to determine what’s wrong with the personperson

Symptoms appear 2-5 days after exposure.Symptoms appear 2-5 days after exposure.

Preliminarily diagnosed by physical Preliminarily diagnosed by physical examination, by cultures of blood, or other sitesexamination, by cultures of blood, or other sites

Definitive Definitive diagnosisdiagnosis – done by done by immunologicalimmunological tests that identify tests that identify Y. pestisY. pestis

specificallyspecifically– ImmunologicalImmunological tests – tests on the system that tests – tests on the system that

protects you from disease, your protects you from disease, your immune systemimmune system

How does plague get How does plague get treated?treated?

Death occurs in about 50%-90% of all Death occurs in about 50%-90% of all people who develop infection with people who develop infection with Y. Y. pestispestis and are not treated and are not treated

With treatment, about 15% of With treatment, about 15% of infected people will still dieinfected people will still die

AntibioticsAntibiotics used to treat plague used to treat plague include streptomycin, gentamicin, include streptomycin, gentamicin, and tetracyclines among othersand tetracyclines among others

How does one prevent How does one prevent getting the getting the plagueplague??

Prevention of plague is done by Prevention of plague is done by – Eliminating areas where animals, especially rodents, Eliminating areas where animals, especially rodents,

congregate congregate – Avoiding the fleas the rodents carryAvoiding the fleas the rodents carry– Some infections can be prevented by taking Some infections can be prevented by taking

antibiotics soon after exposure to the disease.antibiotics soon after exposure to the disease.

There are no commercially available vaccines There are no commercially available vaccines against plagueagainst plague

There is a small amount available from the U.S. There is a small amount available from the U.S. government for researchers that work with government for researchers that work with Y. Y. pestispestis..

Academic Task #4 - Answer Academic Task #4 - Answer the following questions the following questions

(Webb’s Level 1)(Webb’s Level 1)What are the three different types of What are the three different types of plagueplague??

What percentage of people die of What percentage of people die of plagueplague without treatment? without treatment?

What percentage of people die of What percentage of people die of plagueplague with treatment? with treatment?

How do you prevent getting the How do you prevent getting the plagueplague??

Academic Task #5 – Movie Academic Task #5 – Movie (Webb’s Level 2)(Webb’s Level 2)

Watch the short segments on the Watch the short segments on the following 4 slides .following 4 slides .

Answer the following question:Answer the following question:– What are the concepts that applied to What are the concepts that applied to

the exchange of the bubonic plague in the exchange of the bubonic plague in ancient Europe?ancient Europe?