Academic Writing Skills:Referencing

Activities and strategies to help students

This is designed to be used in conjunction with the Guidelines to Referencing and Student Guide to Referencing that can be found on

the SACE website. The examples of referencing used are based on the Harvard

referencing system.

Introduction to referencing1. You only need to reference direct quotations. True / False

2. You need to reference ideas as well as words. True / False

3. Tables or images don’t need to be referenced. True / False

4. A reference only needs to be included in the Reference List. True / False

In-text referencingWhat elements need to be included for an in-text reference?

Author’s initialAuthor’s surnamePage numberPublication yearName of bookURL

A comma is used after the surname. True / False / Depends on style used

A comma is used after the year. True / False / Depends on style used

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a book. The writer used page 6.England’s first successful settlement in North America started at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 (__________________________).Reference:Geise, R 1992, American History to 1877, Barron’s Educational Services, New York.

AnswerEngland’s first successful settlement in North America started at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 (Geise 1992, p.6).

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a book. The writer used page 20.“…the explorers were not pushing out into wilderness, they were trekking through country that had been in human occupation for hundreds of generations. It was land that had been skilfully managed and shaped by continuous and creative use of fire. (_____________________).Reference:Reynolds, H 1990, With the White People, Penguin Books.

Answer“…the explorers were not pushing out into wilderness, they were trekking through country that had been in human occupation for hundreds of generations. It was land that had been skilfully managed and shaped by continuous and creative use of fire. (Reynolds 1990, p. 20).

In-text referencingWhen is ‘et al.’ used? a. For 3 authors

b. For 4 or more authorsc. Only in the Reference List

‘et al.’ is used a. after the dateb. after the first surnamec. after all the surnames

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a journal article. The writer used page 14. Maintaining safety is of utmost concern when children are playing sport (_______________________).Reference:Norton, K, Dollman, J, Klanarong, S & Robertson, I 2001, ‘Playing safe: Children in sport’, Sport Health, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 12–14.

AnswerMaintaining safety is of utmost concern when children are playing sport (Norton et al. 2001, p. 14).

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a journal article. The writer used page 13.Norton et al. ( ______________ ) discuss the safety of children in sport.

Reference:Norton, K, Dollman, J, Klanarong, S & Robertson, I 2001, ‘Playing safe: Children in sport’, Sport Health, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 12–14.

AnswerNorton et al. ( 2001, p. 13) discuss the safety of children in sport.

In-text referencingWhen using an on-line source, should the URL be included (generally)?

a. Only in the in-text referenceb. Only in the Reference Listc. In both the in-text reference and the

Reference List

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a journal article that has been accessed online. The writer used page 403.Gin was blamed for an increase in criminal activities (________________________).

ReferenceAbel, EL 2001, ‘The gin epidemic: Much ado about what?’ Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 401–5, accessed 12 September 2014, <http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/36/5/401>.

AnswerGin was blamed for an increase in criminal activities (Abel 2001, p. 403).

In-text referencingCorrect this in-text reference.

Abel (http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/36/5/401) presents …

ReferenceAbel, EL 2001, ‘The gin epidemic: Much ado about what?’ Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 401–5, accessed 11 January 2010, <http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/36/5/401>.

AnswerAbel (2001) presents …

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for a website.

Temperature records show…… ( ____________________________ ).

ReferenceAustralian Government Bureau of Meteorology 2014, accessed 12 September 2014, <http://www.bom.gov.au/>.

AnswerTemperature records show…… (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology [BOM] 2014).

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for an online article.

Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is sometimes known as C-G or 67P (________________).ReferencePowell, C 2014, ‘Why we Explore: A Comet Tale Told in Four Pictures’, Discover, accessed 11 September 2014, <http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2014/09/11/explore-comet-tale-told-four-pictures/#.VBJHGNJmhcY>.

AnswerComet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is sometimes known as C-G or 67P (Powell 2014).

In-text referencingUse the following source to complete the in-text reference for an online video clip.

It has been suggested that Da Vinci used mathematical measurements to design The Last Supper (_________________________).ReferencePlumstreetmusic 2011, The Last Supper: Da Vinci’s Geometric Secrets of Compositions, video, accessed 14 September 2014, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwXybr7Ddw>.

AnswerIt has been suggested that Da Vinci used mathematical measurements to design The Last Supper (plumstreetmusic 2011).

In-text referencingWhat elements need to be included for an in-text reference for an image or picture?

a. Title of imageb. URLc. Date viewedd. Date publishede. Publisher / artistf. Page number (if applicable)

In-text referencingWhat is missing from this in-text reference of an image?

Student studying in a hall (istockphoto)

a. Titleb. URL / Sourcec. Year

Reference List / BibliographyA Reference List and a Bibliography are the same.

a. Trueb. False

Which contains a list of everything you have used in your writing or presentation?

a. Reference Listb. Bibliography

Which contains a list of everything you read, but not necessarily used, to prepare for your writing or presentation?

a. Reference Listb. Bibliography

Reference ListAre bullet points or numbers used in a Reference List?

a. Yesb. No

How is a Reference List ordered? a. Alphabeticallyb. Chronologicallyc. By date or publication

The title of a book is a. written in italicsb. underlined

What is the correct order for a book entry in a Reference List?Author’s first name initial/year of publication/author’s surname/place of publication/title of book/publisher

AnswerAuthor’s surname/author’s first name initial/date of publication/title of book/publisher/place of publication

Reference ListIs a URL needed for an electronic publication?

a. Yesb. No

Do you need to write the date you viewed the electronic source?

a. Yesb. No

What needs to be placed before and after the URL?

a. ( )b. < >c. [ ]

What is the correct order for a electronic source in a Reference List?Author’s first name initial/year of publication/author’s surname/date viewed/title of article or website/<URL>.

AnswerAuthor’s surname/author’s first name initial/year of publication/title of article or website/date viewed/<URL>.

Reference ListCorrect the errors in this Reference List. There are 8 errors.

Anderson, LW & Krathwohl, DR (eds) 2001, A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, Longman, New York Dillon JT, Questioning and Teaching: A manual of practice, Croom Helm, London. 1988.

Bloom, B, Englehart, M, Furst, E, Hill, W & Krathwohl et al., D 1956, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, David McKay, New York. Jones, C. 2005, Assessment for Learning, Learning and Skills Development Agency, London. M. Neal 2011. ‘Engaging Students through Effective Questions’, Education Canada, vol. 51, no.1, p.1. Lanius, C 2008, Making a Fractal: The Sierpinski Triangle, accessed, <http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/fractals/>.

Reference ListAnswers:

Anderson, LW & Krathwohl, DR (eds) 2001, A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, Longman, New York Dillon JT, Questioning and Teaching: A manual of practice, Croom Helm, London. 1988.

Bloom, B, Englehart, M, Furst, E, Hill, W & Krathwohl et al., D 1956, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, David McKay, New York. Jones, C. 2005, Assessment for Learning, Learning and Skills Development Agency, London. M. Neal 2011. ‘Engaging Students through Effective Questions’, Education Canada, vol. 51, no.1, p.1. Lanius, C 2008, Making a Fractal: The Sierpinski Triangle, accessed, <http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/fractals/>.

Full stop needed

Position of dateEt al. not used in reference list

Italics needed for book title

Alphabetical order

Alphabetical order

Order of name

Date needed

Reference ListCorrect version of Reference List.

Anderson, LW & Krathwohl, DR (eds) 2001, A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, Longman, New York. Bloom, B, Englehart, M, Furst, E, Hill, W & Krathwohl, D 1956, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: the classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain, David McKay, New York.

Dillon JT 1988, Questioning and Teaching: A manual of practice, Croom Helm, London. Jones, C 2005, Assessment for Learning, Learning and Skills Development Agency, London. Lanius, C 2008, Making a Fractal: The Sierpinski Triangle, accessed 27 Sept 2014, <http://math.rice.edu/~lanius/fractals/>.

Neal, M 2011, ‘Engaging Students through Effective Questions’, Education Canada, vol 51, no.1, p.1.