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Developing SCORM Compliant ContentDeveloping SCORM Compliant ContentTechnical Issues and SolutionsTechnical Issues and Solutions
John Toews, Academic ADL Co-LabNMC Online Conference on Learning ObjectsNMC Online Conference on Learning Objects
Audio Script Available At: http://www.academiccolab.org/resources/2003oct-nmc-jtoews.pdf
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Need SCORM?
Don’t wait till the end of the development process!
Simply implementing LMSInitialize and LMSFinish doesn’t really take advantage of SCORM!
» Tracking» Moving» Locating» Sequencing
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Advantages? What advantages?
Q: Isn’t SCORM just an added burden for content developers?
A: No!
SCORM allows you to do many things in a standardized way that used to be proprietary, such as bookmarking, requesting the student name or other information, tracking activity completion and scores and much more!
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Technical Warning!
• This session assumes you are…
– Comfortable viewing and editing HTML and JavaScript code
• Example SCORM package available at http://www.academiccolab.org/resources/SCORMExamplePackage.zip
– Familiar with SCORM• Academic ADL Co-Lab SCOurse available at
http://www.academiccolab.org/learn/• Understand LMSInitialize and LMSFinish, as well as
LMSGetValue and LMSSetValue and some of the CMI data model
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SCO Granularity – How big is a SCO?
• It depends!
• From a single page, to many pages, to a “module” or entire course
• Should be based on the requirements of the content – reusability, communications & features implemented
• May find that the initial choices for SCO size are not necessarily the best
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SCORM Tip – Content Physical Layout
• Directory structure allows packaging of any number of SCOs, along with global resources that require only one instance within the development project
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SCORM Tip – Automating Navigation
• SCO content is page1.htm, page2.htm, …, pageN.htm
• Scripts automate the in-SCO navigation buttons and process
SCOurse content in LMS (SCORM application)
SCOurse content in custom viewer for demos and non-SCORM applications
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Multi-page SCOs: The Problem
..\My Documents\My Received Files\Momoneymoscroblems.jpg
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Multi-page SCOs: Proposed Workarounds
• Use a JavaScript flag variable (requires editing of every link on the page)
• Session cookie tracks LMSInitialize status• Launch new page for content – potentially blank
parent page• Frameset solution – hidden frame
– Example frameset package available at http://www.academiccolab.org/resources/SCORMFramesetExample.zip
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Multi-page SCOs: Frameset Solution
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SCORM API Issue Defined
• API usually implemented in Java applet
• JavaScript / Java applet scripting requires LiveConnect
• Popular Macintosh browsers do not implement LiveConnect (Internet Explorer, Safari)
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Flash Issue Defined
• Similar to SCORM API issue
• For Flash to be 100% SCORM (bi-directional communication) requires both:– LiveConnect– Flash player implementing “fscommand”
• Minimal SCORM functionality (outgoing communications only) more widely available – should developers use?
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Data Model “Issues”
• SCORM 1.2 doesn’t require full set of elements to be implemented (CMI data model)
• Useful data model elements (such as those that track activities & interactions) optional
• SCORM 1.3 (coming soon), will solve by requiring all data model elements
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Questions, etc.
• Threaded discussion available throughout the conference
• Additional resources available through iCohere
• Are you an Academic Co-Lab Partner? http://www.academiccolab.org/partners/
• John Toews, [email protected]
NMC Conference on Learning Objects, October 2003