ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords History, Three-Mile Island, Idaho Falls, Salem, Davis-Besse, BWR,...

ACADs (08-006) Covered

KeywordsHistory, Three-Mile Island, Idaho Falls, Salem, Davis-Besse, BWR, PWR, HTGR,

Description

Supporting MaterialThree Mile Island; Browns Ferry Fire; Davis-Besse; Idaho Falls; Salem Generating Plant Turbines; Chernobyl Disaster

Introduction to the Nuclear Power Industry

1.1.4.6 1.1.9.2.1 1.1.9.2.2 1.1.9.2.3 1.1.9.2.4 1.1.9.2.5 1.1.9.2.6

3

NUET 1000Introduction to the

Nuclear Power Industry Module #1

History of Nuclear Technology Reactor Designs & Nuclear

Power

4

5

Competencies & Subcompetencies

1. Upon completion of this module of instruction, the student shall be able to explain the history of the nuclear power industry to include incidents, accidents, and lessons learned.

Subcompetenciesi. History of nuclear technologyii. Early war yearsiii. Development of commercial nuclear power

6

Competencies & Subcompetencies

2. common reactor Identify designs to include: BWR, PWR, HTGR

Subcompetenciesi. Show major components for each reactor

type on a simplified diagram, to includeALWR (ABWR & APWR) and HTGR

(Pebble Bed HG Reactor)ii. Demonstrate a knowledge of the basic flow

paths for each power reactor type, to include, BWR, PWR, HTGR

7

NUET 1000 Module 1

History of Nuclear Technology Summary

Early Pioneers (1800 – 1939)

• 1902 Earnest Rutherford (Radioactivity)

• 1905 Albert Einstein (Mass-Energy Equivalence)

• 1911 Fredrick Soddy, George de Hevesy (Isotopes)

• 1932 James Chadwick (Neutron) Madame Curie

• 1938 Otto Hahn & Fritz Strassman (Fission)

• 1939 Lise Meitner, Otto Frisch, & Niels Bohr

(Energy from fission)

Niels Bohr

George de Hevesy

8

NUET 1000 Module 1

History of Nuclear Technology Early Pioneers (1800 – 1939)

1902 Earnest Rutherford (Radioactivity)

• Developed a fuller understanding of atoms

• Fired alpha particles into nitrogen forming oxygen

• Showed that emission from the nucleus created a different

element

9

NUET 1000 Module 1


Anyone who doesn't take truth seriously in small matters

cannot be trusted in large ones either Albert Einstein

• 1905 Albert Einstein (Mass-Energy Equivalence) E = mc2

• Developed theory of the relationship between mass and energy

Formula is E=mc2, or “energy equals mass times the speed of

light squared.”

• Took almost 35 years for someone to prove his theory

10

NUET 1000 Module 1


1911 Fredrick Soddy

(Isotopes)

• Discovered that naturally-radioactive elements had different isotopes

• George de Hevesy showed that radionuclides were invaluable as

tracers

1911George de

Hevesy

11

NUET 1000 Module 1


1932 James Chadwick (Neutron)

• Discovered the neutron

• Neutron was crucial for the fission of uranium 235

• Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1932

• Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935

12

NUET 1000 Module 1

History of Nuclear Technology

Early Pioneers (1800 – 1939)

1939 Lise Meitner, Otto Frisch,

& Niels Bohr (Energy from fission)

• Calculated the energy release from fission

200 million electron volts

• Then confirmed experimentally

• First experimental confirmation of

Albert Einstein's theory

• Suggested nucleus, split into two not quite equal parts

13

NUET 1000 Module 1


1938 Otto Hahn & Fritz Strassman

(Fission)

• Identified the products from fission

• Fission products were about half the mass of uranium

• Suggested that the neutron was captured by the nucleus and caused

fission

14

NUET 1000 Module 1

Manhattan Project (1942 – 1946)

1942 Enrico Fermi (Controlled Chain Reaction)

Chicago “Pile” demonstration Italian physicist ~ Enrico Fermi

• 1942 Manhattan Engineering District (MED – Manhattan Project)

• 1945 First Bomb Test at Trinity Site

• 1945 (August) Bombs dropped on Japan

• 1946 President Truman Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (AEA)

The War Years: Development of the BombSummary

NUET 1000 Module 1

Manhattan Project (1942 – 1946)The War Years: Development of the Bomb

15

16

NUET 1000 Module 1


1942 Enrico Fermi’s Chicago Pile: CP-1 (Controlled Chain Reaction)

• Pile of uranium and graphite blocks,

• Assembled under the supervision of Enrico Fermi

• Collaboration with Leo Szilard, discoverer of the chain reaction.

• Contained a critical mass of fissile material, with control rods

• Built by the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory

• Part of the Manhattan Project

The War Years: Development of the Bomb

17

NUET 1000 Module 1


1942 Manhattan Engineering District

(MED – Manhattan Project)

• 1942–1946 U.S. Army

• Corps of Engineers (Gen. Leslie R.Groves)

Scientific direction (Robert Oppenheimer)

• Codename for the project to develop the first atomic bombs

• Led by the United States, included participation from the United

Kingdom and Canada General Leslie Groves


http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/lggroves.htm

18

NUET 1000 Module 1


• 1945 First Bomb Test at Trinity Site,

about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of

Socorro, New Mexico at

White Sands Proving Ground

• Pre-test explosion to calibrate instrumentation ~ about 180 Tons

of TNT. The test allowed the calibration of instruments to

measure the blast wave, and gave some indication of how fission

products might be distributed by the explosion.


19

NUET 1000 Module 1


1945 First Bomb Test

at Trinity Site

Weapon's informal nickname

was "The Gadget”

• Test was conducted by the United States Army on July 16, 1945

• Date considered to be the beginning of the Atomic Age


20

NUET 1000 Module 1


• 1945 Bombs dropped on Japan

• The first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima (August 6th)

• Contained U-235

• The second bomb dropped on

Nagasaki (August 9th)

• Contained Pu-239

• August 10th

Japanese Government surrenders


21

NUET 1000 Module 1

Post War activities (1947 – 1955) ~Summary

1946• President Truman Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (AEA) Established United

States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)• Foster and control peace time development of atomic science

and technology

• USN assigns Hymen Rickover to Oak Ridge National Lab 1946

• President Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act on

August 1, 1946 :

Transferred control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands,

Effective January 1, 1947

The Post-War Years

23

NUET 1000 Module 1

Development of Commercial Nuclear Power

Post War activities (1947 – 1955) ~Summary

1951 US Congress authorizes construction of a nuclear submarine

1952 S1W built Nautilus prototype completed

1953 Atomic Energy Commission (Investigates Peaceful Uses)

• United States then launched an "Atoms for Peace" program

• Supplied equipment and information to schools, hospitals, and

research institutions within the U.S. and throughout the world

• First reactors in Iran and Pakistan built under the program by

American Machine and Foundry

24

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post War activities (1947 – 1955)

1953 President Eisenhower (Atoms for Peace Speech)

Atoms for Peace Speech

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnt7gKXUVWE

25

NUET 1000 Module 1



1954 AEA Amended to allow civilian access to technology

• The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 42 U.S.C. § 2011 et seq.,

United States federal law

• Fundamental U.S. law on civilian and military uses of nuclear

materials

• Was an amendment to the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 - Increased

support for the possibility of a civilian nuclear industry

26

NUET 1000 Module 1



1955 AEC announces a cooperative program with nuclear power

industry

• Power Demonstration Reactor Program

• AEC and industry will cooperate

• Construct and operate experimental nuclear power reactors

• USN Nautilus submarine

“Underway on nuclear power”

January 17th, 1955

27

NUET 1000 Module 1



1955 (July) Arco, Idaho, first U.S. town powered by nuclear energy.

BORAX-III Reactor

• Linked to the local power grid and for about an hour on July 17,

1955, Provided 2,000 kW

• Power to Arco, Idaho (500 kW), & BORAX test facility (500 kW)

• Partially powered the National Reactor Testing Station (1,000 kW)

• Arco became the first city solely powered by nuclear energy

• Reactor continued to be used for tests until 1956

28

NUET 1000 Module 1



1955 (November) EBR west of Idaho Falls, Idaho, partially melts

down

• First nuclear reactor to produce electricity

• On November 29, 1955, about 50 percent of the core melted

• Part of the National Reactor Testing Station - Now known as

the Idaho National Laboratory

Principal cause of this event was human performance

29

NUET 1000 Module 1


Dawn of Nuclear Power (1956 – 1978) ~ Summary

• 1957 Sodium Reactor Experiment at Santa Susana, California,

the first civilian nuclear power unit to go on-line.

• 1957 President Eisenhower signs the Price-Anderson Act

• 1957 First full-scale nuclear power plant in the U.S

(Shippingport, Pennsylvania)

• 1959 The first nuclear power plant in the U.S. without any

government funding, Dresden 1 Illinois

30

NUET 1000 Module 1


Dawn of Nuclear Power (1956 – 1978)

1957 (July) Sodium Reactor Experiment at Santa Susana, California, the

first Civilian nuclear power unit to go on-line.

• Designed by Atomics International

• Sodium Reactor Experiment began in June 1954

• Construction underway in April 1955

• SCE installed a 6.5 MW electric power generating system

31

NUET 1000 Module 1



1957 (September) President Eisenhower signs the Price-Anderson Act

Signed on September 2, 1957

• Named for Congressman Charles Price and Senator Clinton

Anderson

• Both eventually chaired Congress's Joint Committee on Atomic

Energy

• Financial protection to licensees and contractors in case of accident

• Commercial Nuclear Power not possible without it

32

NUET 1000 Module 1


Dawn of Nuclear Power (1956 – 1978)1957 First full-scale nuclear power plant in the U.S (Shippingport,

Pennsylvania) • The plant was able to generate 60 megawatts of electricity

• Used ordinary water to cool the reactor core during the chain reaction

• Showed that nuclear energy could produce electricity for commercial

use

• Encouraged private industry to develop light-water reactors

• Federal programs shifted to developing light-water reactor technologies

33

NUET 1000 Module 1



1959 (October) The first nuclear power plant in the U.S. without any

government funding, Dresden 1 Illinois

• First privately-financed nuclear power plant built in the United States

• Laid much of the groundwork for the present-day nuclear power

industry

• General Electric boiling water reactor capable of generating 210 MW

• Commercial Operation in 1960 and retired in 1978

• Not economically feasible to do Three Mile Island (TMI) upgrades

34

NUET 1000 Module 1


Dawn of Nuclear Power (1956 – 1978) ~ Summary• 1961 The SL-1 Accident

• 1963 JCP&L Company announces construction of Oyster Creek

• 1964 AEC issues construction permit for Oyster Creek

• 1966 Accident at Enrico Fermi experimental breeder near Detroit

• 1974 President Gerald Ford abolishes AEC

• Replaces with ERDA and NRC

• 1975 Fire at Brown’s Ferry Unit 1

• 1978 Dedication ceremonies for Three Mile Island Unit 2

35

NUET 1000 Module 1


Dawn of Nuclear Power (1956 – 1978)January 3, 1961 The SL-1 Accident

• Working on control rod mechanisms,

• Center control rod was lifted manually by an excessive amount

• A violent power excursion resulted

– Impaled the operator on the ceiling of the building

– Caused three fatalities - Only three people present

– Facility was permanently shut down

The principal cause of this event was personnel

performance.

36

NUET 1000 Module 1



1963 (December) Jersey Central Power and Light Company

announces Construction of Oyster Creek

• December 12, 1963 JCP&L announces its commitment

• First time a nuclear plant is ordered

• An economic alternative to a fossil-fuel plant

37

NUET 1000 Module 1



1964 (December) AEC issues construction permit for Oyster

Creek

• First of the large-scale plants

• Construction permit issued 12/15/1964

• Began commercial operation 12/01/1969

38

NUET 1000 Module 1



1966 Enrico Fermi 1 experimental breeder near Detroit, Michigan

accident

• October 5, 1966 partial core melt

• Knew something (unknown) was causing high core

temperatures

• Zirconium liner sheets had become dislodged

• Fuel in four assemblies melted

The principal cause of this event was design

39

NUET 1000 Module 1



1974 (October) President Ford abolishes AEC.

Replaces with ERDA and NRC

• AEC's regulatory programs came under strong attack

• Congress decided to abolish the agency

• Promotional and regulatory duties should be go to

different agencies

40

NUET 1000 Module 1



Energy Reorganization Act of 1974: Established Nuclear

Regulatory Commission (USNRC)• NRC began operations on January 19, 1975

• Regulatory functions went to NRC

• Promotion went to Energy Research and Development

Administration

• Later incorporated into the United States Department of Energy

41

NUET 1000 Module 1



1975 Fire at Brown’s Ferry Unit 1

• Searching for air leaks in piping and electrical penetrations

• Worker was using a candle

• Airflow caused Flame to spread to a hidden area

• Shorts caused pumps to start, valves to open/close

42

NUET 1000 Module 1



1978 (September) Dedication ceremonies held in Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania for Three Mile Island Unit 2

• Deputy Secretary of Energy for the Carter Administration,

John F. O’Leary called the plant a “scintillating success”

and said "it is fair to conclude…nuclear power is a bright

and shining option for this country"

43

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996) ~ Summary

• 1979 Three Mile Island (TMI 2) accident near Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania.

• 1979 Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) created

• 1986 Accident at Chernobyl nuclear reactor near Kiev

• 1988 Agreement to close and dismantle Shoreham on Long

Island

• 1992 Uniform nuclear plant designs are submitted to the NRC

44

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

Watershed Event:

March 1979, Three Mile Island (TMI 2) accident

near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

• worst accident, to date, at a U.S. nuclear power plant1.preventable human errors2.design deficiencies3.component failures

45

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1979 (March) Three Mile Island (TMI 2) accident near Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania.

• Accident is caused by a loss of coolant from the reactor core

• No one is injured, and no overexposure to radiation results

• NRC imposes stricter reactor safety regulations

• NRC imposes more rigid inspection procedures

Caused by a combination of mechanical malfunction

& preventable human errors

46

NUET 1000 Module 1

Development of Commercial Nuclear Power Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1979 (October) Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) created

• TMI investigation showed nuclear industry it had fundamental problems

• Problems not limited to one company or one valve design• Utility self-policing operation aimed at improving reactor

performance• Nuclear industry acknowledged those problems and took

action

47

NUET 1000 Module 1

WHY WAS THE COUNTRY

LOSING INTEREST

IN NUCLEAR POWER?

48

NUET 1000 Module 1

WHY WAS THE COUNTRY LOSING INTEREST IN NUCLEAR POWER?

During the period from the TMI event , until the renaissance

of nuclear power there has been a :

• Lack of public understanding of nuclear power

• Many utilities decide to decommission older existing

nuclear power plants

• State regulators would not include rate base funding

construction until completion of plants

• Interveners for a variety of reasons opposed new nuclear

construction

49

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1986 (April) Accident at Chernobyl nuclear reactor near Kiev

• Runaway reaction during a test

• Caused a series of explosions that rupture the containment

• Sent massive amounts of radiation through the Northern

Hemisphere

• Worst nuclear accident in history

• Over 75 million people exposed to high levels of radiation

• This design would not be licensed in the United States

50

NUET 1000 Module 1

Development of Commercial Nuclear Power Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1988 (May) -- Agreement to close and dismantle the Shoreham nuclear

power plant on Long Island

• Unit built between 1973 and 1984

• Within 60 miles of Manhattan

• 3/03/1983 County Legislature announced could not be safely

evacuated

• Plant was completed in 1984

• 2/28/1984 Cuomo and LILCO announced decommission plan

• Now wind turbines generate 1/8000 what nuclear plant generates

51

NUET 1000 Module 1Of 102 Formerly Licensed Nuclear Plants, the following are shutdown

UNIT LOCATION REACTOR TYPE DATE SHUTDOWN

Big Rock Point Charlevoix, MI BWR 8/29/1997

Dresden 1 Morris, IL BWR 10/31/1978

Ft. St. Vrain Platteville, CO HTGR 8/18/1889

Connecticut Yankee Haddam Neck Meriden, CT

PWR 12/5/1996

Indian Point 1 Buchanan, NY PWR 10/31/1974

Maine Yankee Wiscasset, ME PWR 12/6/1996

Millstone 1 Waterford, CT BWR 7/21/1998

52

NUET 1000 Module 1Of 102 Formerly Licensed Nuclear Plants, the following are shutdown

UNIT LOCATION REACTOR TYPE DATE SHUTDOWN

Peach Bottom 1 Delta, PA HTGR 10/31/1974

Rancho Seco Herald, CA PWR 6/7/1989

San Onofre 1 San Clemente, CA PWR 11/30/1992

Three Mile Island 2 Middletown, PA PWR 3/28/1979

Trojan Rainier, OR PWR 11/9/1992

Yankee-Rowe Rowe, MA PWR 10/1/1991

Zion 1 Zion. IL PWR 2/21/1997

Zion 2 Zion. IL PWR 9/19/1996

53

NUET 1000 Module 1

WHAT WAS GOING ON WITH

THE DEVELOPMENT OF

COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR

POWER IN THE POST TMI

PERIOD?

54

NUET 1000 Module 1

WHY WAS THE COUNTRY BUILDING NEW INTEREST IN NUCLEAR POWER?

• More public awareness of nuclear power, many plants

coming online world-wide

• World oil pricing rising, global threats to supply

• State regulators easing inclusion into rate base of

construction funds

• Environmentalists warming to new nuclear construction

as an alternative to carbon emitting generators

55

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996) ~ Summary

• 1993 Comanche Peak Unit 2 in Glen Rose, Texas,

goes on-line.

• 1994 NRC issues final design approval for GE’s ABWR

and ABB Combustion Engineering's System 80+.

• 1996 TVA granted a full-power license by NRC for Watts

Bar.

56

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1992 (August) Uniform nuclear plant designs are submitted

to the NRC for certification and approval.

• NRC certification and approval done in advance

• Single standard for nuclear power plant construction

57

NUET 1000 Module 1


Post TMI (1979 – 1996)

1993 (April) -- Comanche Peak Unit 2 in Glen Rose, Texas, goes

on-line.

• Construction of the two units began in 1974

• Both Westinghouse pressurized water reactors

• Unit 2 was the second-last power reactor to come online in

the USA

• Unit 1 is rated 1,259 MWe, and Unit 2 is rated 1,245 MWe

58

NUET 1000 Module 1

Development of Commercial Nuclear Power Renaissance Begins (1994 – Present)

1994 (July) NRC issues its final new design approval for GE’s

ABWR and ABB Combustion Engineering's System 80+

• Utility can choose to use the design and reference it in

an application

• Certified design will not be subject to litigation

59

NUET 1000 Module 1


Renaissance Begins (1994 – Present)

1996 (February) TVA granted a full-power license by NRC for Watts Bar 1.

• Brought the number of operating nuclear units in the U.S. to 110

• Construction at Watts Bar began in 1973 and was completed in 1996

• Winter net dependable generating capacity is 1,167 megawatts

60

Company (Project or Docket Numbers)

Date of Applicatio

nDesign

Date Accepted

Site Under Consideration

Number of Units

StateExisting Operating Plant

NRG Energy (52-012/013) 09/20/07 ABWR 11/29/07 South Texas Project 2 TX Y

NuStart Energy (52-014/015) 10/30/07 AP1000 01/18/08 Bellefonte 2 AL N

UNISTAR (52-016) 07/13/07 EPR 01/25/08 Calvert Cliffs 1 MD Y

Dominion (52-017) 11/27/07 ESBWR 01/28/08 North Anna 1 VA Y

Duke (52-018/019) 12/13/07 AP1000 02/25/08 William Lee Nuclear Station 2 SC N

Progress Energy (52-022/023) 02/19/08 AP1000 04/17/08 Harris 2 NC Y

NuStart Energy (52-024) 02/27/08 ESBWR 04/17/08 Grand Gulf 1 MS Y

Southern Nuclear Operating Co. (52-025/026)

03/31/08 AP1000 05/30/08 Vogtle 2 GA Y

South Carolina Electric & Gas (52-027/028)

03/31/08 AP1000 07/31/08 Summer 2 SC Y

Progress Energy (52-029/030) 07/30/08 AP1000 10/06/08 Levy County 2 FL N

Detroit Edison (52-033) 09/18/08 ESBWR 11/25/08 Fermi 1 MI Y

Luminant Power (52-034/035) 09/19/08 USAPWR 12/02/08 Comanche Peak 2 TX Y

Entergy (52-036) 09/25/08 ESBWR 12/04/08 River Bend 1 LA Y

AmerenUE (52-037) 07/24/08 EPR 12/12/08 Callaway 1 MO Y

UNISTAR (52-038) 09/29/08 EPR 12/11/08 Nine Mile Point 1 NY Y

PPL Generation (52-039) 10/10/08 EPR 12/19/08 Bell Bend 1 PA Y

Florida Power and Light (763) 06/30/09 AP1000 09/04/09 Turkey Point 2 FL Y

New Plants Approved by NRCNUET 1000 Module 1

61

NUET 1000 Module 1

The Nuclear Renaissance

2009 Southern Nuclear Company (SNC) Receives Early Site Permit (ESP)• Obtain NRC approval before deciding to build a

plant• ESP applications consist of three components

– Site safety analysis

– Environmental report

– Emergency planning information

62

NUET 1000 Module 1

2009 SNC Files for Limited Work Authorization for

Vogtle 3 & 4

• Allows certain construction activities on

production and utilization facilities

• May commence before a construction permit

or combined license is issued

• Scope of construction activities


63

NUET 1000 Module 1

• July 2009 SNC/ATC Partnership

• Nuclear Uniform Curriculum Program (NUCP)

NLO, I&C, Mechanical & Electrical

Maintenance tracks

• 1st NET commenced on September 27, 2010

• Spring 2012 first graduating class


64

NUET 1000 Module 1

• Notice to proceed on the expansion at Plant Vogtle.• Excavation had begun prior to August 2009

• August 2006 --- Filed Early Site Permit (ESP) application• March 2008 --- Filed license application

• April 2008 --- Signed contract with Westinghouse-Shaw consortium• August 2008 --- Filed resource plan with Georgia Public Service

Commission• March 2009 --- Public Service Commission decision on certification

• 2009 --- Vogtle 3&4 Groundbreaking• December 2011 --- NRC decision on plant license

• 2016 --- Commercial operation for Unit 3• 2017 --- Commercial operation for Unit 4

The Nuclear Renaissance – Vogtle 3&4 Ground-breaking Sequence

~ BREAK ~

BASIC NUCLEAR REACTOR TYPES AND

DESCRIPTIONS

NUET 1000 Module 1

COMPETENCIES

67

2. Identify common reactor designs to include: BWR, PWR, HTGR

SUBCOMPETENCIES

i. Show major components for each reactor type on a simplified diagram, to include

ALWR (ABWR & APWR) and HTGR (Pebble Bed HG Reactor)

ii. Demonstrate a knowledge of the basic flow paths for each power reactor type, to include:

BWR, PWR, HTGR

NUET 1000 Module 1

Reactor Designs

There are 3 reactor designs commonly

used for commercial nuclear power in the

United States and Western Europe:

• Boiling Water Reactor

• Pressurized Water Reactor

• High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor

NUET 1000 Module 1

Pressurized Water Reactor Power PlantNUET 1000 Module 1

Pressurized Water Reactor Power Plant

© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Inc. All rights reserved.

NUET 1000 Module 1

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Pressurized Water Reactor OverviewPrimary Loop

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Pressurized Water Reactor OverviewCirculatory Loop

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Pressurized Water Reactor OverviewElectrical Production

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Pressurized Water Reactor Overview

View an Animated Image of the AP1000 Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor

Pressurized Water Reactor Power PlantNUET 1000 Module 1

http://www.ap1000.westinghousenuclear.com/ELearning/index.html



AP1000 Advantages

77

• 50% fewer safety related valves• 80% less safety related piping

• 85% less control cable• 35% fewer pumps

• 45% less seismic building volume• Pre-Approved Design, no changes

NUET 1000 Module 1

AP1000 Advantages

78

• Passive core cooling system

• Passive containment cooling system

• Lower cost to build

• Smaller “footprint”

• Quicker construction

NUET 1000 Module 1

79

Boiling Water Reactor Power Plant

Plant Hatch Power Station Diagram

NUET 1000 Module 1

View an Animated Image of a Boiling Water Reactor

Boiling Water Reactor Power PlantNUET 1000 Module 1

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/animated-bwr.html

High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor

New Design HTG Reactor – Pebble Bed

• 360,000 pebbles in core• about 3,000 pebbles

handled in FHS every day• about 350 pebbles

discarded daily• one pebble discharged

every 30 seconds• average pebble cycles

through core 15 times• fuel-handling most intensive

part of plant

What is a Pebble Bed Reactor?

NUET 1000 Module 1

New Design HTG Reactor – Pebble Bed

http://web.mit.edu/pebble-bed/

NUET 1000 Module 1


Additional information available at:

BWR http://www.acme-nuclear.com/Manual.htm

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary.html

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students.html

Modular Pebble Bed Reactor

Resources:

NUET 1000 Module 1

http://www.acme-nuclear.com/Manual.htm

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary.html





History of Nuclear Technology & Reactor Designs

<<<REVIEW>>>

84

Questions ?

NUET 1000 Module 1

Questions

85

What % of the US total electrical output is from nuclear reactors?

Over 20%

What about the world’s total electrical output is from nuclear reactors?

~ 14%


& Reactor Designs

NUET 1000 Module 1

What are the advantages does the new AP1000 design

present?86

History of Nuclear Technology & Reactor Designs

NUET 1000 Module 1

AP1000 Advantages

87

• 50% fewer safety related valves• 80% less safety related piping

• 85% less control cable• 35% fewer pumps

• 45% less seismic building volume• Pre-Approved Design, no changes


& Reactor Designs

NUET 1000 Module 1

AP1000 Advantages

88

• Passive core cooling system

• Passive containment cooling system

• Lower cost to build

• Smaller “footprint”

• Quicker construction

NUET 1000 Module 1

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ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords History, Three-Mile Island, Idaho Falls, Salem, Davis-Besse, BWR,...

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