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Accelerating Smart Grid Standards Development
Keeping the Lights On:
Strategies for Compatibility and Interoperability in Electrical Power Networks
Dr. David Wollman
Leader, Smart Grid Team - Standards
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
October 27, 2011
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
• Introduction– US Grid and Drivers– NIST Role within Smart Grid
• Accelerating Smart Grid Standards – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2– Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)– International Coordination
• Research and Standards Acceleration Examples– Phasor Measurement Units– Electric power meters, building control systems, …
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
• Introduction– US Grid and Drivers– NIST Role within Smart Grid
• Accelerating Smart Grid Standards – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2– Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)– International Coordination
• Research and Standards Acceleration Examples– Phasor Measurement Units– Electric power meters, building control systems, …
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
North American Electric Grid
US is 22% of world consumption
• 3,200 electric utility companies
• 17,000 power plants• 800 gigawatt peak
demand• 165,000 miles of high-
voltage lines• 6 million miles of
distribution lines• 140 million meters• $1 trillion in assets• $350 billion annual
revenues
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Worldwide Investment in the Grid
• International Energy Agency estimates:– $10 trillion over next 20
years– 50% in generation– 50% in transmission and
distribution– Does not count customer-
side investments• NIST is leading and
accelerating international standards-setting through bilateral and multilateral engagements
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Smart Grid – A National Priority
• “It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
• “We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Obama
• “To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu
• “A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
• New Secretary of Commerce John Bryson – former CEO in energy sector
Smart Grid Enables:• Higher Penetration
of Renewables• Smart Charging of
Electric Vehicles• Consumers to
Control Energy Bills• Efficient Grid
Operations & Reduced Losses
• Reduced Distribution Outages
• Improved System Reliability & Security
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?
High use of variable renewables Distributed generation and microgrids
Ubiquitous networked sensors
Smart meters and real time usage data
Dynamic pricingEnergy management systems
Smart appliances
Distributed storage
Bidirectional metering
Electric vehicles
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Non-regulatory agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce– Originally National Bureau of Standards (established 1901)
• NIST Laboratories research activities at two main campuses– Gaithersburg, Maryland and Boulder, Colorado
$515M for Laboratories; over 2800 employees (3 Nobel prizes), 2600 associates, U.S. National Metrology Institute
Strong partnerships with industry, academia, government Research, calibrations, standard reference materials, data … Physical, Material Measurements, Engineering, IT Labs
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Roles in the Smart Grid
• Measurement research– Metering– Wide area monitoring
(synchrophasors)– Power electronics– Building energy
management– Others …
• Standards (EISA role)– Interoperability– Cybersecurity
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
- Directs U.S. Federal Agencies to use voluntary consensus standards developed by consensus standards bodies, where possible
- Encourages U.S. Gov’t participation in voluntary consensus standards bodies when compatible with missions, authorities, etc.
- Directs NIST to coordinate Federal standards and conformity assessment activities with those of the private sector
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
• Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”
• Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants
• Input to federal and state regulators
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
The NSTC Subcommittee on Smart Grid Policy’s “A Policy Framework for the 21st Century Grid: Enabling Our Secure Energy Future” recognizes the Federal Government’s role to catalyze the development and adoption of open standards.
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
The Energy Independence and Security Act gives NIST “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”
• Congress directed that the framework be “flexible, uniform, and technology neutral”
• Use of these standards is a criteria for federal Smart Grid Investment Grants
• Input to federal and state regulators
Standards – Key Aspect of US Policy
Key Federal policy recommendations:
• Enable cost-effective smart grid investments
• Unlock innovation
• Empower and inform consumers
• Secure the grid
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
US Government Roles in Smart Grid
Federal
State
FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission
Smart Grid Task Force / National Science &Technology Council
Smart GridSubcommittee
Other FederalAgencies (EPA, …)
Office of Science & Technology Policy; National Economic Council;& Council on Environmental Quality
FERC – NARUCSmart Response Collaborative
Public Utility Commissions
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
SGIG Topic Areas
US Smart Grid Investment Grants
Category $ Million
Integrated/Crosscutting 2,150
AMI 818
Distribution 254
Transmission 148
Customer Systems 32
Manufacturing 26
Total 3,429
Geographic Coverage of Selected Projects
18 million smart meters1.2 million in-home display units206,000 smart transformers177,000 load control devices170,000 smart thermostats877 networked phasor measurement units671 automated substations100 PEV charging stations
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
• Introduction– US Grid and Drivers– NIST Role within Smart Grid
• Accelerating Smart Grid Standards – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2– Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)– International Coordination
• Research and Standards Acceleration Examples– Phasor Measurement Units– Electric power meters, building control systems, …
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability
PHASE 1Identify an initial set of
existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps
2009 2010
PHASE 2Establish Smart Grid
Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with
governance for ongoing efforts
SGIP meetings
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Established Nov 2009
PHASE 3Conformity Framework (includes Testing and
Certification)
NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Released Jan 2010
Summer 2009 WorkshopsDraft Framework Sept 2009
Technical information to
support regulators
2011
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Smart Grid Framework and Roadmap 1.0
• Published January 2010– Extensive public input and review– Completed in Less than 1 year
• Smart Grid Vision & Reference Model
• Identified 75 existing standards• 16 Priority Action Plan Projects
are filling key gaps• Companion Cyber Security
Strategy
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/
Smart Grid Domains
Release 2.0 now open for Public Comment (Federal Register Notice, Oct 25)
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
SGIP Stakeholder Categories
18
1 Appliance and consumer electronics providers
2 Commercial and industrial equipment manufacturers and automation vendors
3 Consumers – Residential, commercial, and industrial
4 Electric transportation industry Stakeholders
5 Electric utility companies – Investor Owned Utilities (IOU)
6 Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI)
7 Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association (REA)
8 Electricity and financial market traders (includes aggregators)
9 Independent power producers
10Information and communication technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and Service Providers
11 Information technology (IT) application developers and integrators
12 Power equipment manufacturers and vendors
13 Professional societies, users groups, and industry consortia
14 R&D organizations and academia
15 Relevant Government Agencies
16 Renewable Power Producers
17 Retail Service Providers
18 Standard and specification development organizations (SDOs)
19 State and local regulators
20 Testing and Certification Vendors
21 Transmission Operators and Independent System Operators
22 Venture Capital
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
SGIP OrganizationGoverning
Board SGIP
Officers
Priority Action Plan Teams
PAP 2
Domain Expert Working Groups
H2G
TnD
B2G
I2G PEV2G
BnP
SGIP Administrator
PAP 1 PAP 3
PAP …PAP 4 PAP 17
NIST
Standing Committees &Working Groups
Test & Certification Committee (SGTCC)
ArchitectureCommittee
(SGAC)
Cyber Security Working Group
(CSWG)
Coordination Functions
Program Mgmt Office(PMO)
Comm. Marketing Education
(CME)
Bylaws & Operating
Procedures (BOP)
SGIP Membership
Electromagnetic Interoperability Issues
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Energy Usage Information Standard
20
class EnergyUsageInformation
Reading
+ cost: float [0..1]+ ID: string [0..1]+ timeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ value: float [0..1]
Interv alReading
+ cost: float [0..1]+ endTimeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ ID: string [0..1]+ timeStamp: dateTime [0..1]+ value: float [0..1]
ReadingQuality
+ quality: string [0..1]
0..*
0..*
Standardizes data elements available to consumers or authorized 3rd party application providers
• Work initiated (SGIP PAP10) - July 2009• Requirements finalized - June 2010• Standard developed and published by
NAESB - December 2010• Follow on Standardization Energy Service
Provider Interface (ESPI) – Oct 2011
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
• Permanent Working Group– Over 650 public and private sector
participants
• August 2010 NIST publishes: Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security– Risk assessment guidance for implementers– Recommended security requirements– Privacy recommendations
• Collaborating with: – DOE NESCOR on SEP 1.0 and 1.1
guidance– DOE/NERC/NIST on risk management
document– NERC Task Force on Cybersecurity
Cyber Security Working Group
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST & SGIP Activities Going Forward
• Framework Release 2.0 – receive comments, resolve, publish final version
• Smart Grid Interoperability Panel – Executing work program– Process improvements to address utility concerns– Testing and certification programs– Cybersecurity standards and guidelines
• Continuing engagement with FERC and state regulators on standards matters
• Additional outreach and engagement with international standards organizations and government-government interactions
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
23
SGIP International Collaboration Objectives• Help provide leadership to the global community of smart grid
interoperability stakeholders.• Coordination with different national Smart Grid efforts to encourage
alignment and minimize issues surrounding harmonization and interoperability.
• Outreach to discover (and coordinate with) people and organizations with smart grid interoperability needs and interests, bring awareness to the SGIP effort and encourage partnership in regions where access to North American meetings may be difficult.
• Leverage resources and expedite work to address common gaps shared across different regions of the world, learn from other Smart Grid successes and failures, and share those experiences through the SGIP.
• Increase international participation in the SGIP in its unique role as a facilitating organization that works with all standards development groups.
• Provide a forum to discuss ways to effectively engage developers of smart grid international standards, irrespective of where such people are located.
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
24
Outreach and Engagement Examples
• George Arnold, National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability, NIST
• Work within Standards Development Organizations– Mix of leadership, technical involvement
• Liaisons examples– IEC Strategy Group 3 – NIST liaison– CEN-CENELEC-ETSI SG-Coordination Group – NIST liaison,
draft white paper completed, focus on architectures– ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Grid – NIST liaison– IEEE – NIST liaison– ISO, ISGAN, etc.
• SGIP membership, Letters of Intent– SGIP International Task Force established to address
international collaboration and cooperation
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Outline
• Introduction– US Grid and Drivers– NIST Role within Smart Grid
• Accelerating Smart Grid Standards – NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Framework, Release 1&2– Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)– International Coordination
• Research and Standards Acceleration Examples– Phasor Measurement Units– Electric power meters, building control systems, …
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Real-time Data Management Needs
• Smart Meters• Synchro Phasors• Embedded Sensors• Distributed Generation
Output• Building Automation
Wide Area Situational Awareness• Monitors the health of the electric power grid• Will reduce blackouts and interruptions• Make operation of the grid more efficient• Priority in FERC policy statement
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
• Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide situational awareness and advance warning for grid operations
• NIST has unique PMU calibration special test service• NIST has provided measurement assistance to manufacturers
and utilities on design, testing and use of PMUs, and has helped to evaluate and improve standards.
• Example: Mandatory testing of PMUs to be used in Brazil
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)
• Project sponsored by DOE and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)
• Promoting “better use of measurements and information to improve system performance”
• NIST important contributor, lead of performance requirements team
• NASPI provides input to standards process (IEEE)
Eastern Interconnection
Texas/TRE/ERCOT Interconnection
Western Interconnection
Eastern Interconnection
Western Interconnection
(Quebec Interconnection)
NERC Reliability Regions
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Research: SynchroMetrology Laboratory
• North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPInet)• Developed PMU test methods under dynamic conditions (changing
frequency and phase) for inclusion in IEEE C37.118.1 standard • Developing test methods for PMU calibrators, adding capability to test
PMUs with 1588 synchronization capability• Introduction of message transmission of synchrophasor data using IEC
61850 substation automation standard
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Dynamic PMU Test System
• Testbed Synchronized to UTC
• Generates signals modulated in amplitude, and frequency / phase
• Generates steps in magnitude, phase, or freq.
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Research: Electric Power Metering
• All electric energy (kilowatt-hours) sold in the U.S. (over $300 Billion/year) is traceable to NIST Electric Power Laboratory
• ANSI C12 standards for electricity metering, typically mandated in the U.S. by state Public Utility Commissions (PUCs)• NIST chair of ANSI C12 main committee (NEMA)
• Project leader of Power & Energy research/calibration service
• Quantum watt: successfully tied electric power to quantum standards (major development effort: DSP-based waveform generator, world’s best voltage amplifier, AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard) - uncertainties decreased from 15 to 2 ppm
• Future: three phase power, distorted power
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
NIST Research: Building Automation Control
• Addressing the role of the building in the smart grid:– 72% of all electricity is consumed by
building system loads.– NIST building smart grid research is
focused on grid-aware energy management in complex facilities.
– Research leads to information models that enable communication standards for the Smart Grid
– Building systems control strategies for load, generation and storage management
– Net-zero residential building testbed– Islanding strategies for graceful
degradation of building system performance during grid outages
NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
Smart Grid Challenges and Opportunities
• Metering– Bidirectional metering, testbeds…
• Sensors and automated control– PMUs, time synchronization, distributed sensors…
• Smart Grid architecture and operations– Research/modeling of grid stability (load/generation)– Microgrids, …
• Power Electronics• Electromagnetic Compatibility/Interference• Energy Efficiency• Integration with Net-Zero Buildings• Cybersecurity• Electric Vehicles/Storage• Communication protocols• Testing and certification activities, many others …
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com
35
Contact info
• Dr. David WollmanNIST Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems OfficeU.S. Department of [email protected]
Dr. George ArnoldNational Coordinator for Smart Grid [email protected]
File copy provided by http://www.wll.com