ACCESS QUERY ACCESS QUERY DESIGN USING SQLDESIGN USING SQL

Aryati BakriAryati Bakri

Categories of SQL StatementCategories of SQL Statement

DDL – Data Definition LanguageDDL – Data Definition Language– Defining the structure of the databaseDefining the structure of the database

DCL – Data Control LanguageDCL – Data Control Language– Used for controlling access to the Used for controlling access to the

database database DML – Data Manipulation LanguageDML – Data Manipulation Language

– For retrieving and updating the For retrieving and updating the database recordsdatabase records

DDL – Data Definition LanguageDDL – Data Definition Language

Create table – create tables, defining Create table – create tables, defining their structure in terms of fieldstheir structure in terms of fields

Alter table – change the structure Alter table – change the structure table (adding, removing or changing table (adding, removing or changing the fields)the fields)

Drop table – remove the tableDrop table – remove the table Create index- create index on one or Create index- create index on one or

more specified fields in a tablemore specified fields in a table Drop index – remove the index Drop index – remove the index

DCL – Data Control LanguageDCL – Data Control Language

Grant and Revoke – security issuesGrant and Revoke – security issues Commit and Rollback – transaction Commit and Rollback – transaction

processingprocessing Lock – concurrency control Lock – concurrency control

DML – Data Manipulation DML – Data Manipulation LanguageLanguage

InsertInsert UpdateUpdate DeleteDelete SelectSelect

CREATE TABLECREATE TABLE

Syntax:Syntax:CREATE TABLECREATE TABLE

( field1 type [(size)] [ Not Null] [index1]( field1 type [(size)] [ Not Null] [index1]

[, field1 type [(size)] [ Not Null] [index2][, field1 type [(size)] [ Not Null] [index2]

[,…] ] [,…] ]

[, CONSTRAINT multifieldindex [, …]][, CONSTRAINT multifieldindex [, …]]

StepsSteps

Click Queries tabClick Queries tab Create query in Create query in

design viewdesign view Close all tableClose all table In Menu Toolbar In Menu Toolbar

Select Query -> Select Query -> SQL Specific SQL Specific Data DefinitionData Definition

Example 1: create a customer tableExample 1: create a customer table

Create table customerCreate table customer

(c_no short not null constraint c1 primary (c_no short not null constraint c1 primary key,key,

Title text(5),Title text(5),

name text (25),name text (25),

address text (20),address text (20),

Cre_lim currency,Cre_lim currency,

balance currencybalance currency

))

Example 2: create the invoice table Example 2: create the invoice table which ‘references’ which ‘references’ the Customer tablethe Customer table

Create table invoice Create table invoice

(inv_no short not null constraint c1 primary (inv_no short not null constraint c1 primary key,key,

c_no short not null constraint c2 c_no short not null constraint c2 references customer(c_no),references customer(c_no),

Inv_date datetime,Inv_date datetime,

Amount currency) Amount currency)

Example 3: Create a payment table Example 3: Create a payment table linked to invoicelinked to invoice

Create table paymentCreate table payment(inv_no short,(inv_no short,pmt_no short, pmt_no short, pmt_date datetime,pmt_date datetime,amount currency,amount currency,constraint C1 primary key (inv_no,pmt_no),constraint C1 primary key (inv_no,pmt_no),constraint C2 foreign key (inv_no) references constraint C2 foreign key (inv_no) references

invoice (inv_no))invoice (inv_no))

Exercise 1: Create TableExercise 1: Create TableCreate the table below using SQL statement in MS Access.

Alter TableAlter Table

ADD COLUMN and DROP COLUMNADD COLUMN and DROP COLUMN

ADD CONSTRAINT: add single or ADD CONSTRAINT: add single or multiple indexmultiple index

DROP CONSTRAINT: delete a DROP CONSTRAINT: delete a multiple-field indexmultiple-field index

Alter tableAlter table

Syntax:Syntax:ALTER TABLE table {add {column field ALTER TABLE table {add {column field

types[(size)] types[(size)]

[NOT NULL] [ CONSTRAINT index] |[NOT NULL] [ CONSTRAINT index] |

[ CONSTRAINT multifieldindex] |[ CONSTRAINT multifieldindex] |

DROP {COLUMN field I CONSTRAINT DROP {COLUMN field I CONSTRAINT indexname} }indexname} }

Example 4: Add a ‘ phone’ field to Example 4: Add a ‘ phone’ field to the Customer tablethe Customer table

Alter table customerAlter table customer

Add column phone text[15]Add column phone text[15]

Example 5: Remove ‘phone’ field Example 5: Remove ‘phone’ field from table CUSTOMER from table CUSTOMER

Alter table customerAlter table customer

drop column phonedrop column phone

Example 6: Remove a relationship Example 6: Remove a relationship between Customer and Invoicebetween Customer and Invoice

Alter table invoiceAlter table invoice

drop constraint c2drop constraint c2

Drop tableDrop table

SyntaxSyntax– DROP TABLE tablenameDROP TABLE tablename

Example 7Example 7– Create table customer1 (cust_no, name, Create table customer1 (cust_no, name,

address)address)– Drop table customer1 (if the no Drop table customer1 (if the no

relationship between other table, for relationship between other table, for example 1 to M relationships).example 1 to M relationships).

Create IndexCreate Index

Syntax:Syntax:CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX indexCREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index

ON Table (field [ASC | DESC] , field [ASC | ON Table (field [ASC | DESC] , field [ASC | DESC],…])DESC],…])

[WITH {PRIMARY | DISALLOW NULL | [WITH {PRIMARY | DISALLOW NULL | IGNORE NULL}] IGNORE NULL}]

Example 8: Create an index on the Example 8: Create an index on the name field of the Customer Tablename field of the Customer Table

Create index nameCreate index name

On customer (name)On customer (name)

Example 9: Create an index on Example 9: Create an index on Invoice to speed up the joining of Invoice to speed up the joining of

customer and invoice customer and invoice

Create index c_noCreate index c_no

On invoice (c_no)On invoice (c_no)

Drop indexDrop index

SyntaxSyntax– DROP INDEX index on tableDROP INDEX index on table

Example 10:Example 10:– Drop index c_no on invoiceDrop index c_no on invoice

DATA MANIPULATION DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGELANGUAGE

INSERT INTOINSERT INTO– SyntaxSyntax

INSERT INTO target [ (field1[, field2[,…]])] values INSERT INTO target [ (field1[, field2[,…]])] values (value1,[,value2[,…])(value1,[,value2[,…])

– Example 11Example 11 Add a new record to the Customer tableAdd a new record to the Customer table INSERT INTO customer values (4, 'Miss' , 'Lina' , 'Batu INSERT INTO customer values (4, 'Miss' , 'Lina' , 'Batu

Pahat', 1000,400) Pahat', 1000,400)

– Example 12Example 12 INSERT INTO customer (c_no, title, name, address, INSERT INTO customer (c_no, title, name, address,

Cre_lim, balance) values (5, 'Ms' , ‘Bakri' , ‘Muar', Cre_lim, balance) values (5, 'Ms' , ‘Bakri' , ‘Muar', 5000,500)5000,500)

Example 13: Add a new record to Example 13: Add a new record to the CUSTOMER Table. Leave the the CUSTOMER Table. Leave the

Cre_limCre_lim

INSERT INTO customer (c_no, title, INSERT INTO customer (c_no, title, name, address, balance) values (7, name, address, balance) values (7, 'Ms' , 'Abu' , 'Muar', 500)'Ms' , 'Abu' , 'Muar', 500)

Example 14: Add an invoice and Example 14: Add an invoice and payment record using a single payment record using a single

INSERT INTO commandINSERT INTO command

SELECT Invoice.*, payment.*SELECT Invoice.*, payment.*FROM invoice LEFT JOIN payment ON FROM invoice LEFT JOIN payment ON

invoice.inv_no = payment.inv_no;invoice.inv_no = payment.inv_no;

Save the query as Example 14Save the query as Example 14

Example 15: INSERT INTO Example 15: INSERT INTO command of Example14command of Example14

SyntaxSyntax

insert into Example14insert into Example14

(Invoice.inv_no,c_no,inv_date,invoice.a(Invoice.inv_no,c_no,inv_date,invoice.amount,payment.inv_no,pmt_no,pmt_mount,payment.inv_no,pmt_no,pmt_date,payment.amount) valuesdate,payment.amount) values

(10,1,5-2-06,100,10,1,5-2-06,100)(10,1,5-2-06,100,10,1,5-2-06,100)

Exercise 2: Insert IntoExercise 2: Insert Into

Using SQL command insert into the Using SQL command insert into the customer tablecustomer table

c_noc_no TitleTitle namename addressaddress Cre_limCre_lim balancebalance

22 MsMs JanaJana Johor BahruJohor Bahru $1,000.00$1,000.00 $400.00$400.00

33 MsMs LinaLina Batu PahatBatu Pahat $2,000.00$2,000.00 $400.00$400.00

44 MsMs MinahMinah Batu PahatBatu Pahat $2,000.00$2,000.00 $400.00$400.00

55 MrMr BakriBakri MuarMuar $6,250.00$6,250.00 $500.00$500.00

77 MrMr AbuAbu MuarMuar $500.00$500.00

INSERT INTO (Multiple records INSERT INTO (Multiple records append)append)

Example 16Example 16– Copy and paste table customer, rename Copy and paste table customer, rename

the new as Custthe new as Cust– insert into Cust select * from customerinsert into Cust select * from customer

Example 17Example 17– Copy and paste table customer, rename Copy and paste table customer, rename

the new as Customer3the new as Customer3– insert into Customer3 (c_no,name, insert into Customer3 (c_no,name,

address) select c_no,name,address address) select c_no,name,address from customer1 where address = 'Muar';from customer1 where address = 'Muar';

DML: UPDATEDML: UPDATE

SyntaxSyntaxUPDATE tableUPDATE table

SET newvalueSET newvalue

Where criteriaWhere criteria

Example 18: increase the credit Example 18: increase the credit limit of the Muar customer by 5% limit of the Muar customer by 5%

UPDATE customer SET cre_lim = cre_lim UPDATE customer SET cre_lim = cre_lim * 1.05 WHERE address = 'Muar' * 1.05 WHERE address = 'Muar'

Example 19: Increase the credit Example 19: Increase the credit limit of customer 3,4,5 by 1000limit of customer 3,4,5 by 1000

UPDATE customer SET cre_lim = UPDATE customer SET cre_lim = cre_lim + 1000 cre_lim + 1000

WHERE c_no in (3,4,5);WHERE c_no in (3,4,5);

DELETEDELETE

SyntaxSyntaxDELETEDELETE

FROM tableFROM table

WHERE criteriaWHERE criteria

Example 20: Delete the customerExample 20: Delete the customer

Delete from customer where balance Delete from customer where balance = 500;= 500;

Exercise 3Exercise 3

1.1. Write a query that displays for each Write a query that displays for each customer their customer code, name, customer their customer code, name, and total balance (from Customer table).and total balance (from Customer table).

2.2. Write a query that displays for each Write a query that displays for each customer their customer code, name, customer their customer code, name, total balance (from Customer table), and total balance (from Customer table), and their total purchases (from Invoice). This their total purchases (from Invoice). This column can be called Total_purchases for column can be called Total_purchases for instance.instance.

3.3. Write a query that generates the total Write a query that generates the total number of invoices, the invoice total for number of invoices, the invoice total for all of these invoices (total sales). all of these invoices (total sales).

Exercise 4Exercise 4

Create the customer table that Create the customer table that contain information belowcontain information below

CompanyNameCompanyName ContactNameContactName AddressAddress TelefonTelefon

NazaNaza AbuAbu Batu PahatBatu Pahat 075684569075684569

ProtonProton ZainalZainal Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur 035421987035421987

ProduaProdua BakriBakri Johor BahruJohor Bahru 076421389076421389

KiaKia FirdausFirdaus Kuala LipisKuala Lipis 096754259096754259

HyundaiHyundai MijanMijan PekanPekan 097649754097649754

HondaHonda NurulNurul KuantanKuantan 095684328095684328

ToyotaToyota AzmiAzmi PontianPontian 076543890076543890

BMWBMW ManMan MelakaMelaka 068749765068749765

VolvoVolvo YaniYani SerembanSeremban 063456789063456789

Run the SQL commandRun the SQL command

SELECT * FROM customersSELECT * FROM customers SELECT CompanyName, ContactName SELECT CompanyName, ContactName

FROM customers FROM customers SELECT * FROM customers WHERE SELECT * FROM customers WHERE

companyname LIKE 'a%' companyname LIKE 'a%' SELECT CompanyName, ContactName SELECT CompanyName, ContactName

FROM customers WHERE CompanyName > FROM customers WHERE CompanyName > ‘d' AND ContactName > ‘n' ‘d' AND ContactName > ‘n'

Discuss the output with your friendsDiscuss the output with your friends