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Access to Digital Heritage Resourcesusing
What, Where, When and Who
Michael BucklandElectronic Cultural Atlas InitiativeUniversity of California, Berkeley
DEN Conference, RotterdamDec 12-13, 2006
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Support the Learner: What, Where, When and WhoSupported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services
Five ideas . . .
1. Understanding means knowing the context.
2. Using internet resources should be like using a library reference collection?
3. Find context of any museum object, document, or performance: What is related to it in: what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who associated with it?
4. WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO as a useful structure.
5. Make better use of existing descriptive metadata.
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Support for the Learner with a Query
Any resource:Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages
Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers
Facet Vocabulary Displays
WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references
WHERE Gazetteer Map
WHEN Period directory Timeline
WHO Biograph. dict. Interpersonal
e.g. Who’s Who relationships
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WHAT Subject headings Cross-references
LCSH: Kung fu films see Martial Arts filmsPreviously Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures
Automobile: - PASS MOT VEH, SPARK IGN ENG (U.S. Import/Export statistics) - TL 205 (Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280 (US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard Industrial Classification)
Computer: HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in the same housing a CPU and input & output device.”(International Harmonized Commodity Classification System).
NEED TO MAP TO & BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES
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WHERE Gazetteer Map
Ctesiphon (Ancient site)
Dots link to portal
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Going places in the catalog! Linked to a gazetteer and map display.Geographic sort of books on Folklore.
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WHERE Using a map and a gazetteer as a geographic search aid, e.g. lists capital cities (PPLC) in box around South America.
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WHEN Time period directory Timeline
Prototype time period directory at ecai.org/imls2004
Sample entryGenerates catalog search
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WHEN, WHERE and WHO. Search in LC catalog for
yields 65 records showing who was doing what:
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WHEN Time Period Directory Timeline
Link to Catalog
Link to Wikipedia
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WHO Biographical Dictionary Complex relationships
Life events metadata
WHAT: Actions prisoner
WHERE: Places Holstein
WHEN: Times
1261-1262
WHO: People Margaret Sambiria
Need external links
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Linking vocabularies WHAT, WHERE, WHEN
Library subject headingsTopic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision
Place name gazetteer:Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When
Time Period DirectoryPeriod name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where
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Well-developed facet indexes include other facets.
What Where When WhoWHAT (LCSH) A A A A
WHERE (Place Gazet.) M M M -
WHEN (Period dir.) M M M -
WHO (Biogr dict.) M M M M
M = Mandatory; A = If Applicable
Need mappings between their vocabularies, e.g. From NGA Gazetteer Geographic Description Code “Lthse” (Lighthouse) to LCSH “Lighthouses.”
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Any document, object, or performance
Any resource:Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages
Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers
Connect it with its context – and other resources.
Facet Vocabulary Displays
WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references
WHERE Gazetteer Map
WHEN Period directory Timeline
WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations
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Demo of search interface
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Entry Vocabulary Index suggests correct LCSH with different spelling
Buttons for searchable resources & local catalogs
Search term recommender service for LC Subject Headings
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Potentially related people
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Potentially related periods
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Mostly in India 16th-18th century
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Find out more about this area.
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Different Browsing Options!
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Zooming in to South Asia
Restricting time frame
Select
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Information about the country of India…
Interface generates menu page
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More information about the country of India…
WikipediaCIA Factbook
BBC Ethnologue
Berkeley Natural History Museums
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Historical events – linked to Library catalog & Wikipedia : none avail. for this time period
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ECAI Cultural Atlases: presenting history in its geographical & chronological contexts
