Acex Abstract 102

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ACEX2011 ABSTRACT BOOK

ACEX2011

ABSTRACT BOOK

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PREFACE

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 5TH

International Conference on Advanced

Computational Engineering and Experimenting, (ACE-X 2011) at Hilton Vilamoura (Rua da Torre

d'Agua, Lote 4.11.1B Vilamoura, Algarve, 8125-615, Portugal) Algarve, Portugal, from 03-06 JULY,

2011. More details on the event can be found on our web page http://www.ace-x2011.com.

ACE-X 2011 aimed at attracting a balanced portion of delegates from academia, industry and

research institutions and laboratories involved with research and development work. In doing so, the

conference provides a binding platform for academics and industrialists to network together,

exchange ideas, provide new information and give new insights into overcoming the current

challenges facing the academics and the industrialists relating to the Advanced Computational

Engineering and Experimenting.

I would like to thank the Organising Committee members and members of the Local Committe for

their help in contributing to the successful organisation of this meeting and special thanks to Prof.

Paulo Tavares de Castro (Head of Local Committee) for his support.

I would like to thank the colleagues, organisers of the SPECIAL SESSIONS, Thank you!

A special thanks to ACEX2011 Co-chairs, Professor Lucas da Silva, Professor Holm Altenbach and

Professor Rudrapatna V. Ramanth for supporting one more ACEX .

Thank all delegates for the decision in attending ACEX 2011 hope you will find the meeting very

useful for your work, business and a useful forum for obtaining new knowledge.

2012, we will organise the ACEX conference in an utmost historical city: Athens (Greece)

Have fun learning and meeting new people!

Be helthy and keep yourself helthy!

Professor Andreas chsner

ACEX-CONFERENCE Chairman

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

PLENARY LECTURE 6

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 11

SPECIAL SESSION 1 / SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION AND IMAGING SYSTEMS (SS1) Prof. Fabiana R. Leta (organiser)

28

SPECIAL SESSION 2 / COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (SS2) Prof. S.M.R. Khalili

41

SPECIAL SESSION 3 / BIOMECHANICS (SS3) Prof. Darwish (organiser)

76

SPECIAL SESSION 4 / FATIGUE AND FRACTURE (SS4) Prof. Paulo Tavares de Castro and Dr. Pedro MGP Moreira (organisers)

88

SPECIAL SESSION 5 / CRASH SIMULATION (SS5) Prof. Markus Merkel (organiser)

109

SPECIAL SESSION 6 / ADVANCED MATERIALS (SS6) Prof. Andreas Oechsner (organiser)

115

SPECIAL SESSION 7 / NUMERICAL METHODS AND MODELLING (SS7) Prof. M.N. Tamin (organiser)

129

SPECIAL SESSION 8 / OPTMISATION OF STRUCTURES AND COMPONENTS (SS8) Prof. Pablo A. Muoz-Rojas (organiser)

158

SPECIAL SESSION 9 / NANOMATERIALS (SS9) Prof. Noorhana Yahya and Dr. Lockman Zainovia (organisers)

167

SPECIAL SESSION 10 / BIOMECHATRONIC AND APPLIED ENGINEERING IN PROSTHESIS (SS10) Prof. J.A. Beltrn Fernndez (organiser)

35

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 192

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Plenary Lecture

Professor J. N. Reddy

ABOUT PROF JN REDDY

http://authors.isihighlycited.com/

and

http://www.tamu.edu/acml

Dr. Reddy is a Distinguished Professor and holder of the Oscar S. Wyatt Endowed Chair in

Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Dr. Reddy is the author of

over 375 journal papers and 16 text books on theoretical formulations and finite-element analysis of

problems in solid and structural mechanics (plates and shells), composite materials, computational

fluid dynamics, numerical heat transfer, and applied mathematics. The books authored by Dr. Reddy

include: An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, 2008); An Introduction

to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis, Oxford University Press, 2004; An Introduction to the Finite

Element Method, McGraw-Hill, 1984 (3rd

ed., 2006); The Finite Element Method in Heat Transfer and

Fluid Dynamics, coauthored with D. K. Gartling, CRC Press (3rd

ed., 2010), Energy Principles and

Variational Methods in Applied Mechanics, John Wiley, l984 (2nd

ed., 2002); Applied Functional

Analysis and Variational Methods in Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1986; Mechanics of Laminated

Composite Plates and Shells: Theory and Analysis, CRC Press, 1997 (2nd

ed., 2004); and Theory and

Analysis of Elastic Plates and Shells, Taylor & Francis, (2nd

ed., 2007). Dr. Reddy serves on the

editorial boards of about two-dozen journals, and he is the Editor-in-Chief of Applied Mechanics

Reviews (ASME), Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, International Journal of

Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, and International Journal of Structural

Stability and Dynamics. Dr. Reddy is one of the selective few researchers in engineering around world

who are recognized by ISI Highly Cited Researchers with over 10,000 citations and H-index of over

40.

.

THERMOMECHANICAL RESPONSE OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED STRUCTURES

Reddy, J. N. and Muliana, A.

Advanced Computational Mechanics Laboratory

Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123

ABSTRACT

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Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are a class of composites that have a gradual variation of

material properties from one surface to another. These novel materials were

proposed as thermal barrier materials for applications in space planes, space structures, nuclear

reactors, turbine rotors, flywheels, and gears, to name only a few. As conceived and manufactured

today, these materials are isotropic and nonhomogeneous Two-constituent FGMs are usually made of

a mixture of ceramic and metals for use in thermal environments. The ceramic constituent of the

material provides the high temperature resistance due to its low thermal conductivity. The ductile metal

constituent, on the other hand, prevents fracture due to high temperature gradient ina very short

period of time. Typical situations where thermal shock occurs are during reentry of space vehicles,

where the temperature changes from 273oC to about 1,100oC in a few minutes, and the advanced

gas turbine, wherein a severe temperature transient of a change in temperature of 1,500oC occurs

over a time period of 15 s. The present lecture is an overview of the recent developments in the

numerical modeling of functionally graded structures [1-5]. The lecture will present detailed discussion

of the influence of geometric nonlinearity and temperature-dependent material properties on the

response of functionally graded structures.

Acknowledgement. The research reported herein was carried out under a research projects from the

NSF, Grant CMMI-1030836 and MURI09 project from the AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0686.The

support is gratefully acknowledged.

References

1. J. N. Reddy and C. D. Chin, Thermomechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders and

Plates, J. Thermal Stresses, 26(1), 593-626, 1998.

2. G. N. Praveen and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Transient Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally

Graded Ceramic-Metal Plates, Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(33), 4457-4476, 1998.

3. R. A. Arciniega and J. N. Reddy, Large Deformation Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells,

International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(6), 2036-2052, 2007.

4. R. Gunes and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Circular Plates Under

Different Loads and Boundary Conditions, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,

8(1), 131-159, 2008.

5. M. Bayat, B. B. Sahari, M. Saleem, A. M. S. Hamouda, and J. N. Reddy, Thermo Elastic Analysis

of Functionally Graded Rotating Disks with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties: Uniform and

Variable Thickness, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 5(3), 263-279, 2009.

.

Plenary Lecture

Professor A. J. M. Ferreira

ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED PLATES AND SHELLS BY

COLLOCATION WITH RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS

A. J. M. Ferreira

Departamento de Engenharia Mecnica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade

do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Introduction

Recently, radial basis functions (RBFs) have enjoyed considerable success and research as a

technique for interpolating data and functions. A radial basis function, (kxxjk) is a spline that

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depends on the Euclidian distance between distinct data centers xj , j = 1, 2, ...,N Rn, also called

nodal or collocation points.

Although most work to date on RBFs relates to scattered data approximation and in general to

interpolation theory, there has recently been an increased interest in their use for solving partial

differential equations (PDEs). This approach, which approximates the whole solution of the PDE

directly using RBFs, is very attractive due to the fact that this is truly a mesh-free technique.

Kansa [1] introduced the concept of solving PDEs using RBFs.

Structures composed of laminated materials are among the most important structures used in modern

engineering and, especially, in the aerospace industry.

Such lightweight structures are also being increasingly used in civil, mechanical and transportation

engineering applications. The rapid increase of the industrial use of these structures has necessitated

the development of new analytical and numerical tools that are suitable for the analysis and study of

the mechanical behavior of such structures. The behavior of structures composed of advanced

composite materials is considerably more complicated than for isotropic ones. The strong influences of

anisotropy, the transverse stresses through the thickness of a laminate and the stress distributions at

interfaces are among the most important factors that affect the general performance of such

structures. The use of shear deformation theories has been the topic of intensive research, as in [2

14], among many others.

The analysis of laminated plates by finite element methods is now considerably established. The use

of alternative methods such as the meshless methods based on radial basis functions is atractive due

to the absence of a mesh and the ease of collocation methods. More recently the author and

colleagues have applied RBFs to the static deformations of composite beams, plates and shells [15

22].

This paper presents a review of current methods for the analysis of laminated plates and shells by

strong-form-based meshless methods.

References

[1] E. J. Kansa. Multiquadrics- a scattered data approximation scheme with applications to

computational fluid dynamics.i: Surface approximations and partial derivative estimates. Comput.Math.

Appl., 19(8/9):127145, 1990.

[2] E. Reissner. A consistment treatment of transverse shear deformations in laminated anisotropic

plates. AIAA J., 10(5):716718, 1972.

[3] J. N. Reddy. Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis. CRC Press, Boca

Raton 1997.

[4] E. Reissner and Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of certain types of aelotropic elastic plates. J.

Appl. Mech., 28:402408, 1961.

[5] Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of laminated aelotropic plates. J. Eng. Mechanics, ASCE, 87

(EM6):3156, 1961.

[6] S. B. Dong, K. S. Pister, and R. L. Taylor.On the theory of laminated anisotropic plates and shells.

J. Aeronautical Science, 29(8):969975, 1962.

[7] P. C. Yang, C. H. Norris, and Y. Stavsky.Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous plates. Int. J.

Solids and Structures, 2:665684, 1966.

[8] S. A. Ambartsumyan. Theory of anisotropic plates (translated from Russian. Technomic, Stamford,

CT, 1969.

[9] J. M. Whitney and A. W. Leissa. Analysis of heterogeneous anisotropic plates. J. Appl. Mechanics,

36(2):261266, 1969.

[10] J. N. Reddy. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates. J.of Applied Mechanics,

51:745752, 1984.

[11] J. N. Reddy. A refined nonlinear theory of plates with transverse shear deformation. Int. J. of

Solids and Structures, 20(9/10):881906, 1984.

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[12] B. N. Pandya and T. Kant. Higher-order shear deformable theories for flexure of sandwich plates-

finite element evaluations. Int. J. Solids and Structures,24:419451, 1988.

[13] G. Akhras, M. S. Cheung, and W. Li. Finite strip analysis for anisotropic laminated composite

plates using higher-order deformation theory. Computers & Structures, 52(3):471477, 1994.

[14] E. Carrera. C0 reissner-mindlin multilayered plate elements including zig-zag and interlaminar

stress continuity. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 39:17971820, 1996.

[15] A. J. M. Ferreira. A formulation of the multiquadric radial basis function method for the analysis of

laminated composite plates. Composite Structures, 59:385392, 2003.

[16] A. J. M. Ferreira. Thick composite beam analysis using a global meshless approximation based

on radial basis functions. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 10:271284, 2003.

[17] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and P. A. L. S. Martins. Analysis of composite plates using

higher-order shear deformation theory and a finite point formulation based on the multiquadric radial

basis function method. Composites: Part B, 34:627636, 2003.

[18] A. J. M. Ferreira. Polyharmonic (thin-plate) splines in the aalysis of composite plates. International

Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 46(10):15491569, 2004.

[19] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge.Analysis of composite plates by

trigonometric shear deformation theory and multiquadrics. Computers and Structures, 83(27):2225

2237, 2005.

[20] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge. Modelling cross-ply laminated elastic shells

by a higher-order theory and multiquadrics. Computers and Structures, 84(19-20):12881299, 2006.

[21] A. J. M. Ferreira, C. M. C. Roque, and R. M. N. Jorge. Static and free vibration analysis of

composite shells by radial basis functions. Engineering analysis with boundary elements, 30:719733,

2006.

[22] A. J. M..Ferreira and G. E. Fasshauer. Computation of natural frequencies of shear deformable

beams and plates by a rbf-pseudospectral method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and

Engineering, 196:134146, 2006.

..

Plenary Lecture

Professor H. Altenbach

THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS AT THE NANOSCALE

H. Altenbach1, V. A. Eremeyev1,2

1 Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,

[email protected]

2 South Scientific Center of RASci and South Federal University, Russia,

[email protected]

The development of nanotechnologies extends the field of application of the classical or non-classical

theories of mechanics towards the new materials. The discussions on the application of the continuum

mechanics and the mechanics of structures in the nanoscale are very extensive, see [1] among

others. In general, modern nanomaterials have physical properties which are different from the bulk

material. The classical elasticity can be extended to the nanoscale by implementation of the theory of

elasticity taking into account the surface stresses, cf. [1] among others. In particular, the surface

stresses are responsible for the size-effect, that means the material properties of a specimen depend

on its size.

For example, Youngs modulus of a cylindrical specimen increases significantly, when the cylinder

diameter becomes very small. Let us note that even for such nanostructures as nanoshells, nanofilms,

and nanoplates the continuum approach gives a satisfying coincidence with atomistic simulations, if

one takes into account the appropriate constitutive equations.

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The theory of elasticity with surface stresses was applied to the modifications of the two-dimensional

theories of nanosized plates and shells, see, for example,

[26] and the references in it. The most popular in nanomechanics are the KirchhoffLove, Mindlin

Reissner, and von K`arm`an theories of plate and shells.

Here we use the general nonlinear theory of shell presented in [7, 8] for the modification of the

constitutive equations taking into account the surface stresses. We show that both the stress and the

couple stress resultant tensors may be represented as a sum of two terms. The first term is the

volume stress resultant while the second one determined by the surface stresses and the shell

geometry. This means that the stress resultants for the shell with surface stresses can be represented

as follows

T

= T + TS , M

= M+MS , (1)

where T and M are the classical stress and couple stress resultant tensors given for example in [7, 8],

while TS and MS are the resultant tensors induced by the surface stresses, see [6] for details.

In the linear case this modification reduces to the addition of new terms to the elastic stiffness

parameters. Follow [4, 5] we show that the bending stiffness is given by

D

= D + DS , (2)

where D =

Eh3

12(1 - n2)

is the classical bending stiffness, E and n are the Youngs modulus and the Poissons ratio of the bulk

material, h is the shell thickness, DS = h2mS + h2lS/2, and mS and lS are the surface elastic moduli.

The influence of the surface stresses on the bending stiffness of a shell is discussed.

We show that the surface elasticity makes a shell more stiffer in comparison with the shell without

surface stresses, i.e. D > D. The numerical examples show that the influence of the surface stresses

is negligible for the plate thickness more then 20 nm. The effect of the surface stresses may be more

significant for multilayered plates and shells and for plates and shells with fractal-like surface.

We also applied the concept of the surface stresses to the plates and shells with rough surface which

has fractal-like relief. In particular, we consider the surface coated by nano- or microfibers array and

discuss constitutive equations for the effective surface energy of such surfaces. In this case the

influence of the surface stresses more significant as in the case of the smooth surface.

The second author was supported by the RFBR with the grant No. 09-01-00459 and by the DFG with

the grant No. AL 341/33-1.

References

[1] Duan, H. L.,Wang, J. & Karihaloo, B. L. Theory of elasticity at the nanoscale.

In Advances in Applied Mechanics, Elsevier. 2008. 42. 168.

[2] Lu, P., He, L. H., Lee, H. P. & Lu, C. Thin plate theory including surfaceeffects. International

Journal of Solids and Structures, 2006.43(16). 46314647.

[3] Huang, D.W. Size-dependent response of ultra-thin films with surface effects.International Journal

of Solids and Structures, 2008. 45(2).568579.

[4] Eremeyev, V. A., Altenbach, H. & Morozov, N. F. The influence of surfacetension on the effective

stiffness of nanosize plates. Doklady Physics, 2009.54(2). 98100.

[5] Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V. A. & Morozov, N. F. Linear theory of shellstaking into account surface

stresses. Doklady Physics, 2009, 54(12).531535.

[6] Altenbach, H., & Eremeyev V.A. On the shell and plate theories withsurface stresses. In Shell

Structures.Theory and Applications.Vol. 2. W.Pietraszkiewicz, I. Kreja (eds). Boca Raton, CRC Press,

2010. 4750.

[7] Libai, A. & Simmonds, J. G. The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells, (2nded.). Cambridge,

Cambridge University Press. 1998.

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[8] Chroscielewski, J., Makowski, J. & Pietraszkiewicz, W. Statyka i dynamika powok

wielopatowych: Nieliniowa teoria i metoda elementow skonczonych.Warszawa, Wydawnictwo IPPT

PAN. 2004.

.

Experimental methods

ACEX299

Mr. Christian Maier

University of Applied Sciences Aalen,

GERMANY

Aero-acoustical Analysing of the wake flow of a Cylinder

C. Maier2, D. Harrison2, M. Macdonald2, W. Waidmann1, W. Pannert1

1University of Applied Sciences Aalen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalen, Germany

2Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Engineering and Computing, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Abstract

When a fluid flows over a cylinder with a defined velocity, it creates a tonal noise in the cylinder

backlash. This tonal noise can be predicted analytically using the Strouhal Number and numerically

using suitable flow simulation software that can analyse the flow in a way that aero-acoustical noise

can be predicted. Calculating and predicting this tonal noise can be done with approaches from Lighthill

using the wave equation and solving it analytically. A software package like ANSYS FLUENT

provides an opportunity to do this.

It is possible to get information about a receiver from observer points within the physical environment

remotely. There could possibly be more than one point containing the acoustic pressure, directivity,

spectra and overall sound pressure level (OASPL). There is also information about source strength,

contribution from different sources and source classification that can be ascertained as well [1]. The

work described in this paper shows a comparison of a FLUENT software simulation to

measurements taken using an acoustic camera to analyse the wake flow over a cylinder.

One of the challenges in aero-acoustics is to resolve all eddies. This demands a very fine discretisation

of the mesh - about 15-20 grid points per wavelength is necessary (dependent on the highest

frequency of interest). Boundary layers (inflations) are necessary at the sound origin also to resolve the

delamination of the flow in that region. A small time step is important as well to predict noise. Another

big challenge is to decouple the acoustic field from the hydrodynamic field using Large Eddy Simulation

(LES). The acoustic radiation contains only a tiny fraction of energy of the primary flow. With a two-step

approach it might be possible to obtain a solution to this problem. The transient flow field is solved by

using the LES model and the acoustic perturbations are predicted at the receiver using the enhanced

wave equation by Lighthill (FW-H Acoustic Analogy) [2].

Reference

[1] ANSYS FLUENT. Introduction to Acoustics Modeling. 2008. www.fluentusers.com.

[2] ANSYS FLUENT. Acoustic Analogy Modeling. 2008. www.fluentusers.com.

.


ACEX118

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Prof. Pierre Matar

Lebanese University,

LEBANON

Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates in Precast Concrete Hollow Blocks

P. Matar1, R. El Dalati2

1Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering, Section 2, Roumieh, Lebanon

2Lebanese University, Faculty of Engineering, Section 1, Tripoli, Lebanon

Abstract

Among the construction waste that could be recycled, we can mention the aggregates resulted from the

crushed concrete. While the acquired knowledge about the use of recycled aggregates in new concrete

mixtures is fairly large [1, 2], the use of such aggregates in the production of concrete blocks is very

limited [3]. This study aims to determine the influence of the use of recycled aggregates in precast

concrete hollow blocks on their compression resistance. Tests were carried out to determine the

optimal rate of recycled aggregates content to be used in the manufacture of concrete blocks in order

to obtain blocks having suitable compression strength. Tests were executed on several series of blocks

whose composition includes recycled aggregates and on two series of blocks whose composition

consisted exclusively of natural aggregates.

The tests results have provided the maximum percentage of recycled aggregates that can be included

in new concrete block mixes without affecting the blocks compression resistance. The tests have

shown that the use of recycled aggregates in concrete blocks could give a compression resistance

similar to that of blocks manufactured without any recycled aggregates. Tests have shown also that

using recycled aggregates in the manufacture of concrete blocks without any natural aggregates is not

economical, because of the need to add a relatively high percentage of cement necessary to obtain the

required compression resistance.

[1] T.C. Hansen, in Report of Technical Committee 37-DRC: Demolition and Reuse of Concrete,

RILEM, p. 316, Chapman and Hall, London (1992).

[2] J. Merlet, P. Pimienta, in Proceedings of the Third International RILEM Symposium: Demolition and

Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, p. 343, Spon E & FN, London (1993).

[3] P. Pimienta, T. Tran, P. Delmotte, M. Colombard-Prout, in Proceedings of the International

Symposium: Sustainable Construction Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate, p. 297, London, (1998).

.


ACEX132

Ms. Marija Smilovi

University of Split,

CROATIA

Testing of Wood-Concrete and Steel-Concrete Composite Elements

M. Smilovi1, D. ubela2, J. Radni1, A. Harapin1

1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, Croatia.

2 Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of experimental tests with numerical comparison of some typical

composite elements. Two different kinds of elements were tested: composite steel-concrete and

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composite wood-concrete elements (Fig. 1) [2]. Deflections at mid-span of simply supported beams

under monotonously increasing static load were measured (Fig. 2). The influence of different types of

composite joints on the results was analysed.

Fig. 1 Some girders prepared for testing Fig. 2 Comparasion of experimental and calculated mid-span

deflection for the wood-concrete element

In numerical tests, the main structure was modeled with two-dimensional plane elements [1]. The

composite surface was modeled with two-dimensional interface elements for the continuous connection

simulation and modified beam elements for the discrete connection simulation. The applied material

models include the most important nonlinear effects of concrete, steel and wood behavior, as well as

nonlinear behavior of the composite at the connection surface. The numerical results of developed

numerical model were compared with the experimental test results.

[1] A. Harapin, J. Radni, D.ubela, Numerical model for composite structures with experimental

confirmation, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 39 (2), p. 143-156 (2008).

[2] J. Radni, D. ubela, A. Harapin, Experimental tests of some composite steel-concrete, wood-

concrete and concrete-concrete elements, International Journal for Engineering Modelling, 16 (3-4), p.

121-127 (2005).


ACEX372

Dr. Sergey I. Shtork

Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS

RUSSIA

Instability Diagnostics of Swirling Flows in Model Vortex Generators

S.I. Shtork1,2, I.V. Litvinov2, E.C. Fernandes3

1Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Lavrentyev Ave. 1, 630090, Russia.

2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090, Russia.

3Instituto Superior Tcnico, Lisbon, Av.Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Portugal.

Abstract

Unsteady phenomena with formation of nonstationary vortex structures are frequently encountered in

industrial and natural swirling flows. In case of the technological devices such as gas-turbine

combustors a strong flow swirling provides essential condition for their proper operation but gives rise

to the flow instability referred to as a precessing vortex core (PVC) [1]. Precessing vortices may

produce undesirable vibrations and noise and in addition modulate heat release driving thermo-

acoustic oscillations. For these reasons a detailed characterization of these structures is needed in

order to predict their impact on the device operation and discover ways to restrain the danger they

pose. It has been demonstrated previously that acoustic technique can be an effective tool for analysis

of the instability modes in swirling flows, particularly emerging in practical vortex combustors [2, 3].

These studies are being extended in current work to characterize precessing vortex structures

generated in different types of vortex generators. Swirlers with axial blades and tangential inlets were

used to explore the PVC behavior for a wide range of the swirl parameter variation. The acoustic

measurements have been complemented by flowfield data obtained using a laser-Doppler

anemometer. Finally, the study should provide a dataset on the vortex structure characteristics which

can be used in a theoretical analysis in order to build a universal predicting tool to calculate properties

of the unsteady swirling flows in practical vortex apparatus.

[1] N. Syred, Prog. Energy Combust. Sc., 32, 93 (2006).

[2] S.I. Shtork, N.F. Vieira and E.C. Fernandes, Fuel, 87, 2314 (2008).

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[3] B. Gktepe, R. Gebart, N. Leito and E.C. Fernandes, In Proc. HEFAT 2010 7th International

Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (Antalya, Turkey, 2010).

.


ACEX028

Prof. Ming Jin

Beijing Jiaotong University,

P. R. China

Mohr circle of finite strain and its construction for strain rosettes

M. Jin1,2 S.H.Chen2 G. S. Dui1 Z. B. Bao1

1 Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China

2The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,

100190, P. R. China

Abstract

In small deformation, Mohr circle provides a graphical method for infinitesimal strain analysis. However

strain analysis in large deformation is complicate and abstract[1][2] For metal in plasticity, biomaterials,

rubber-like materials, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, and the change of geological

structure and the like, deformation is generally very large. By finite strain rosettes, how to measure the

principal strain and its direction on surface of a body in large deformation is an important problem in

engineering and in experiment. In view of the fact that engineers and geologists prefer graphical

method to analytical method, it is a basic problem whether Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain can be

generalized in large deformation. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been discussion on

generalization of Mohr circle of strain in large deformation till now.

In this paper, Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain is generalized in finite strain. If Lagrangean normal strain

and a half of value that dilatation ratio of surface times tangent to shear angle, are taken as normal

strain (the abscissa) and shear strain (the ordinate), respectively, diagram of the normal strain versus

the shear strain is still a circle in finite strain. This strain circle provides a graphical method for finite

strain analysis. For finite strain rosettes, the construction of Mohr circle of infinitesimal strain described

by Murphy[3] is generalized in finite strain. For and finite strain rosettes, some Mohr circles are

presented based on different measurement of strain gauges. For and finite strain rosettes, formulas

of the greatest, the least engineering normal strain, the principal direction and the greatest shear angle

are presented.

[1] Eringen, A. C., 1980. Mechanics of Continua, Second Edition. Robert E. Krieger Publishing

Company, Inc., New York.

[2] Odgen, R. W.,1997. Nonlinear Elastic Deformation. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.

[3]Murphy, G., A graphical method for the evaluation of principal strains from normal strains, J. appl.

Mech. 12, 209-210 (1945).

.


ACEX076

Mr. Felipe Ferreira Luz

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,

BRAZIL

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Fluid Flow Behaviour Studies in Resin Transfer Moulding

F.F. Luz1, S.C. Amico1, A.G.B de Lima2

1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 91501-970, Brazil.

2Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande/PB, 58429-140, Brazil.

Abstract

This work aims to characterize the fluid flow in an RTM system. Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), which

belongs to the liquid moulding family, is extensively used to manufacture advanced composite

materials comprised of fibres embedded in a thermoset polymer matrix [1]. The fibre reinforcement in

RTM is considered a porous medium which is infiltrated by the polymer resin. An adequate

characterization of the preform permeability and porosity, and fluid viscosity are determinant for a

successful flow simulation and the actual manufacturing process [2]. During the past decade, many

research studies have been reported on permeability characterization and RTM process design

optimization [3]. Nevertheless, there is a leak of in a full study preform/fluid RTM system.

Several experiments were carried out in order to characterize the fluid (vegetable oil) impregnation of a

plain weave glass fibre fabric under radial flow in an RTM system. The following parameters were

varied: injection pressure, fibre volume fraction and temperature. The results obtained included the

variation in permeability and filling time for the various experimental runs. Those parameters result

were combined in most different ways for a clear understanding of the fluid behaviour. This data will be

later used as input and to validate an ANSYS CFX simulation.

.


ACEX115

Prof. Abosaeid Rashidi

Islamic Azad University,

IRAN

Effect of Nitrogen Plasma on Zeta- potential of cotton fabrics

A.Rashidi1,*, S.Shahidi2, M.Ghoranniviss3

1 Departemnt of Textile, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad

University, Tehran, Iran

2Department of Textile , Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran

3 Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box:

14665-678, Tehran, Iran

*e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

In this research work, the cotton samples were treated using Nitrogen plasma. The process has been

performed in a low temperature plasma medium, using a magnetron sputtering device. After preparing

the samples the zeta potentials of the untreated and Nitrogen plasma treated cotton fabrics under

different pH values were estimated and compared. Also the physical and chemical properties of the

fabrics were examined by surface analysis methods and textile technology tests. The results will be

discussed thoroughly in the full paper.

.

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ACEX123

Prof. Komiya Kazuhito

Chiba Institute of Technology,

JAPAN

Dynamic Interaction Between Discrete Soil and Solid Structure

K. Komiya* and N. Kodama**

* Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan, [email protected]

** Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, [email protected]

Abstract

Dynamic soil-structure interaction is often modelled by introducing soil-springs that are used to apply

external forces, to introduce traction, or to impose displacement or acceleration boundary conditions. In

these models, conditions of the soil such as its stress path are not modelled. However, the soil-

structure interaction is fully expected to influence the soil condition around the structure when the soil

largely deforms. In reality, the stress or strain states of the soil change continuously as the soil and the

structure interact while they move. Therefore in order to understand the soil-structure interaction

mechanism, dynamic pressure-relative displacement relation between the soil and the structure needs

to be investigated associated with soil conditions.

In this study, laboratory shaking tests were conducted using the unique apparatus designed to have the

structure move only by its inertial force and the lateral earth pressure that comes from the soil. The

earth pressure at the structure surface and the relative displacement between the soil and the structure

were measured in the experiments under various soil conditions.

From the experimental results, it is implied linear soil-springs or even tension-cut soil-springs are

inadequate to model the earth pressure-relative displacement relations while shaking. Results

calculated by Discrete Element models are compared to those of the experiments, and features of the

discrete soil conditions in the dynamic soil-structure interaction are discussed.

Keywords: Soil-structure dynamic interaction, Discrete element method, Laboratory shaking test,

Earthquake

Komiya Kazuhito / Professor, Chiba Institute of Technology / 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba

275-8588, Japan / +81-47-478-0474 / [email protected]

KODAMA Noriko/ Assistant Professor, Waseda Institute for Advanced Study / 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku,

Tokyo 169-8555, Japan /+81-3-5286-2145 / [email protected]


ACEX145

Mr. Bruno Allison Arajo

Federal University of Campina Grande,

BRAZIL

Residual stress measurements by x-ray diffraction in API 5L X80 steel welds

B.A. Arajo, T.M. Maciel, A.A. Silva, E.P. Soares, J.G.M. Arajo, J.A.P. Carrasco

1Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande-PB, Brazil.

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Abstract

Over the last decade, welding residual stresses have received increased attention in pressure vessel

and structural applications. The primary driving force can be attributed to the fact that recent advances

in structural integrity assessment of welded components demand more accurate information on the

residual stress state [1]. Tensile residual stress is a main factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking,

fatigue damage and brittle fracture. When the risk for growth of defects such as surface cracking at

piping systems in nuclear power plants is assessed, the welding residual stresses maybe give a large

contribution to the total stress field. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the accurate information on

welding residual stress distribution in a welded joint [2]. This study will assess the level of longitudinal

and transversal residual stresses in API 5L X80 steel welded joints. Were used three welded joints

obtained by different welding processes (GTAW and SMAW). The interpass temperature will be 175 C.

The residual stress measurements were performed by x-ray diffraction using the diffractometer and

software for analyzing results. The preliminary results shown that the residual stress welding at the

welded joint by GTAW process are compressive in Weld Metal (WM) and the Heat Affected Zone. This

suggests that the welded joint probably has a higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and stress

corrosion cracking.

[1] Anna Paradowska, John W.H. Price, Raafat Ibrahim and Trevor Finlayson, Journal of materials

Processing Technology 164165 (2005) 10991105

[2] Dean Deng and Shoichi Kiyoshima, Computational Materials Science, Accepted 23 September

2010, article in press.


ACEX164

Dr. S. Sundaram

SASTRA University

INDIA

Experimental Studies on a Diesel-Water Two Phase System in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

V. Alagesan1, S. Sundaram2

1School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, Tamil nadu, India-613402

2School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA UNIVERSITY, Thanjavur, Tamil nadu, India-

613402

AbstracT

Two phase heat transfer involving two immiscible systems is gaining importance in petrochemical and

allied industries. Varying compositions of diesel and water were experimentally studied in a 1:2 shell

and tube heat exchanger. The data on pure water and diesel were fitted to an equation of the form

h1= a NRem . The two phase multiplier,FL, was related to Lockhart Martinelli(L-M) parameter, tt2,

using the two phase data and a correlation FL = b* tt2 / c+ tt2 was established. The two phase heat

transfer coefficient was calculated based on the coefficients a and m for pure diesel and pure water

along with FL and L-M parameter. The calculated values of two phase heat transfer coefficient h2j

based on pure diesel and pure water suggest that diesel is a better reference fluid since the average

error is much lesser compared to pure water as reference

Keywords: Heat transfer coefficient; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Two phase flow; Lockhart

Martinelli parameter; Two phase multiplier.

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ACEX322

Prof. Ahmed Hassan Elshazly

King Abdulaziz University

SAUDI ARABIA

Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rotating Cylinders by Using Polyaniline Coats

A.H. El-Shazly* H.A. Al-Turaif

Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating cylinders by using

polyaniline (PANi) coats. Electrochemical technique was used for layer formation. Many variables were

investigated for their effect on the coat stability such as: aniline concentrations, current density, solution

pH speed of rotation and rotating cylinder diameter. Examination of the formed layer was carried out by

different techniques such as Tafel extrapolation test and electrochemical impedance analysis.

Scanning electronic microscope(SEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used for

layer surface morphology and composition analysis.


ACEX326

Dr. Ammar A. M. Al-Talib

UCSI University,

MALAYSIA

An Experimental and Simulation Study on A Stratified-Integrated-Solar

Water Heater With A Triangular Shape / Ammar A. M. Al-Talib / School of Engineering,

UCSI University/Malaysia, [email protected]

Abstract

One of the most widespread uses of solar thermal technology is solar water heating. Solar water

heating systems (SWHs) have now been used for more than sixty years (MNRE, 2007 and Kalogirou,

2004). In many countries, which include China, Israel, USA, Japan, Australia, South Africa and Cyprus,

SWHs are very popular for their use in community, commercial and industrial applications (Chow et al.,

2006; Houri, 2006; Kaldellis et al., 2005; Nieuwoudt and Mathews, 2005; Zhiqiang, 2005 and

Bhattacharya and Kumar, 2000 ).Integral systems combine the water storage tank and the collector into

one unit. These systems are simple and effective, however, due to high heat loss at night they only

provide hot water during the day and early evening. The products range from simple glazed low-

pressure plastic tanks to high quality steel tank systems with selective surface coatings to minimize

heat loss.These systems make up the major portion of the large market in Japan (Graham,1997). The

main limitation with this system concept is the night cooling and reverse circulation during nights and

during low solar radiation.The current study outlines the results of testing the effectiveness of using

stratification as a collector mechanism for night insulation tool and its effects on the performance of a

Triangular Integral Collector Storage (TICS) solar water heater. The main objective of the present work

was the desire to develop a new solar water heater design that can be easily manufactured using the

19 | P a g e


available local materials and labor. It can solve the problem of night cooling that is usually encountered

by most of the Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) solar water heaters. The system, in which this

solution is incorporated, was referred to as the Triangular Stratified Integrated Collector Storage

(TSICS) system.Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted on both the TICS and

TSICS systems under thermosyphonic mode with no water draw off. The results obtained showed that

the hourly efficiency for the TSICS system is higher than that of the TICS system, and the heat loss at

night is less for the TSICS system, indicating more favourable outcomes for the stratified

system.FEMLAB software was used to simulate the temperature and velocity distributions in both the

TICS and the TSICS systems. The results obtained are in high agreement with the experimental

results. In addition, FEMLAB has helped in finding the optimum dimensions for the TSICS system.

References:

[1]MNRE (2007). Annual Report: 20062007. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),

Government of India, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi.

[2]Kalogirou, S.A. (2004). Environmental benefits of domestic solar energy systems. Energy

Conversion and Management, 45 (1819), 3075 3092.

[3]Chow, T.T., Fong, K.F., Chan, A.L. and Lin, Z., (2006). Potential application of a centralized solar

water-heating system for a high-rise residential building in Hong Kong. Applied Energy 83 (1), 4254.

[4]Houri, A., (2006). Solar water heating in Lebanon: current status and future prospects. Renewable

Energy 31 (5), 663675.

[5]Kaldellis, J.K., El-Samani, K. and Koronakis, P. (2005). Feasibility analysis of domestic solar water

heating systems in Greece. Renewable Energy 30 (5), 659682.

[6]Nieuwoudt, M.N. and Mathews, E.H., (2005). A mobile solar water heater for rural housing in

Southern Africa. Building and Environment ,40 (9), 12171234.

[7]Zhiqiang, Y. (2005). Development of solar thermal systems in China. Solar Energy Materials and

Solar Cells 86 (3), 427442.

[8]Bhattacharya, S.C., Kumar, S.C., (2000). Renewable energy in Asia: A technology and policy review.

World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC), Brighton, UK.


ACEX328

Mr. Jonathan Camargo Leyva

Universidad de los Andes, COLOMBIA

Experimental method for explosion effect determination

J. Camargo1, L.E. Muoz1

1Universidad de los Andes, Bogot, COL.

Abstract

Objective study of the fragmentation originated by explosions is a challenging task, considering the

conditions in which the phenomena occur. Those conditions are directly related with the nature of the

explosion, which generates a high speed response of every part of the system, including dynamic

behaviours from the chemical, mechanical, and aerodynamical point of view.

Different studies focused on explosion shockwave measurement are found in literature [1-3]. Few have

considered fragment behaviour but aiming to the wound effects via simulation and medical testing [4-6].

This study presents an experimental approach to the determination of fragmentation characteristics,

isolating the fragmentation effects from the shockwave.

Based on the standard ITOP 4-2-813 [7] a measurement method is developed and implemented. This

standard provides simple guidelines for designing experiments for explosion effects, taking into account

20 | P a g e


the symmetric geometry of the explosive fragmentary specimen for simplifying data recollection,

measuring mass-size in one half of a test arena and velocity of fragments in the opposite symmetric

half.

Velocity is assessed by microcontroller driven electronic hardware for which a custom barrier sensor is

designed for manufacturing with single layer thin (thickness

21 | P a g e


number of variables [2]. GA mimics natural evolution where an initial pool of individuals reproduces

according to natural Selection, Crossover and Mutation [3]. The resulting child generation has a better

fitness level. Such a mechanism has a parallel application in experimental regression. Variables in a

regression design can be expressed as a genetic analogue in a pool of sub-optimal random solutions.

Allowing this pool of solutions to evolve over several generations produces fitter generations

converging to pre-defined engineering optima. This paper compares the Full Factorial, Fractional

Factorial and the Genetic Algorithms methods. Results obtained from a seven factor GA analysis

attained the optimum results in 1/110 of the time for a full factorial method.

Keywords: experimental regression, optimization, genetic, algorithms, simulation

1. Taguchis Quality Engineering Handbook, G. Taguchi, S. Chowdhury and Y. Wu, John Wiley and

Sons, ISBN: 0-471-41334-8, 2005.

2. D. Coley, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms for Scientists and Engineers. World Scientific

Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. ISBN 981-02-3602-6, 1999.

3. R. L. Haupt and S. E. Haupt, Practical Genetic Algorithms, Second Edition, Wiley Interscience, A

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, 2004.


ACEX337

Prof. Ralph W.L. IP

The University of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong

Computational analyses of textile composite package drying using superheated steam

Elvis I.C. Wan1 and Ralph W.L. Ip2

1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

2FRCAMS The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR

Abstract

Using steam to replace heated air for the drying of heat-sensitive materials like fruits and natural fibres

could preserve their quality, and prevent surface hardening problems in many industrial applications.

Steam at superheated stage can has better dehydration property than hot air as reported by Haghi [1].

It is because specific heat capacity (cp) and thermal conductivity (k) of superheated steam are usually

higher than air at the same temperature. Thus, steam could speed up the drying process. In addition,

steam drying is a clean process and does not include any oxidation, explosion and emission of

hazardous substances. These are key factors of industries to use superheated dryers in their

manufacturing plants. Lots of effort have been paid onto the design of steam drying equipment for

different industrial applications, however, most of the design have based upon the jet impingement

approach [2].

A new research on studying superheated steam for industrial drying is to focus on the process of textile

composite packages. The package materials could be natural fibres like cotton and wool, and synthetic

fibres like nylon and viscose. The water absorption rate for the materials and their composites is

different, and cause different drying properties. Aims of the research are to study package drying

characteristics using superheated steam. The factors that control each drying process could be

examined through series of experiments. The factors to be studied have been included steam supply

temperature, pressure, degree of superheat, mass flow rate, package material, density and porosity.

Further analyses using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches would be carried out to

simulate the drying process with different combination of the studied factors. In the analyses, ANSYS

is used to assist simulation studies for coupling heat exchange between the water absorbed in the

22 | P a g e


packages and supplied superheated steam. Simulation results are further used to prove accuracy of

the experiments, and aid for an optimization of steam flow and shorten the drying cycle time.

[1] K. Haghi, Transport Phenomena in Porous Media: A Review, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical

Engineering, Vol. 40(7), 14 (2006).

[2] Henk C. van Deventer and Ruud M. H. Heijmans, Drying Technology, Vol. 19(8), 2033 (2001)


ACEX373

Prof. Mohammad Reza Sheidaii

Urmia University

Iran

Seismic Behavior of Unstiffened Perforated Steel Plate Shear Walls

H. Valizadeh, M.R. Sheidaii2 and H. Showkati2

Iran Marine Industrial Co. (SADRA), Urmia, Iran

2 Dep. of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

In recent decades, steel plate shear walls have come to be considered a convenient resistant system

against lateral loads due to earthquakes and wind, especially in tall buildings, because of their ductile

and energy absorption behaviors[1]. The existence of openings affects the seismic behavior and

performance of steel plate shear walls. In the present research, the effects of opening dimensions as

well as slenderness factors of plates on the seismic behavior of steel plate shear walls are studied

experimentally. Eight 1:6 scaled test specimens, with two plate thicknesses and four different circular

opening ratios at the center of the panel, have been manufactured and were tested under the effects of

cyclic loading hysteresis at the thin-walled structures research laboratory of Urmia University, Urmia,

Iran[2]. The obtained results signify a stable and desired behavior of steel plate shear walls in large

displacements up to 6% drift. The creation of openings decreases the initial stiffness and strength of

the system, and increasing the opening diameter will intensify this matter. The obtained ductility of

specimens show the stable functioning of a system in the nonlinear range. Although the stable cyclic

behavior of specimens in the nonlinear range causes mostly a dissipation of energy during the loading

of samples, but existing of an opening, especially at the center of the panel, causes a noticeable

decrease in energy absorption of the system.

References

[1] M.H.K Kharrazi, H.G.L Prion, C.E Ventura. Journal of Construction steel research, 64, 465-479

(2008). Implementation of M-PFI method in design of steel plate walls,

[2] H. Valizadeh. MEng thesis, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran (2009).

Experimental investigation of seismic behavior of steel shear walls with opening and diagonal

stiffeners.


ACEX164

Dr. S. Sundaram

SASTRA University

INDIA

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Model Analysis and Controller DesignFor Oxygenation Of Bone Wash Effluent

J.Sumathi, S.Sundaram*

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SASTRA University

Thanjavur- 613402, India.

e-mail:[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Bone Wash effluent diluted with water ranging from zero to ninety percent effluent was oxygenated at

3 different stirrer speeds ranging from 135 to 155 rpm in a 1.5 litre Tokyo Rikakikai fermentor at

298K.The data was subjected to regression analysis and fitted to a first order plus dead time model

with an error of less than 5 percent. The model parameters were used to design controller parameters

by Z-N, Skogested, Smith predictor and IMC methods. A closed loop analysis using the above

controller settings indicate that IMC is better suited for the process based on rise time, settling time

and peak over shoot.


ACEX322

Prof. Ahmed Hassan Elshazly

King Abdulaziz University

SAUDI ARABIA

Using Polypyrrole Coats for Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Rotating Cylinders

A.H. El-Shazly* H.A. Al-Turaif

Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University,

Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating cylinders by using

polypyrrole (PPy) coats. Electrochemical technique was used for layer formation. Many variables were

investigated for their effect on the coat stability such as: pyrrole concentrations, current density,

solution pH,speed of rotation and rotating cylinder diameter. Examination of the formed layer was

carried out by different techniques such as Tafel extrapolation test and electrochemical impedance

analysis. Scanning electronic microscope(SEM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were

used for layer surface morphology and composition analysis.

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Plenary Talk

VIP-ACEX039

Prof. Antonio Ferreira

University of Porto,

PORTUGAL

Analysis of laminated plates and shells by collocation with radial basis functions

A. J. M. Ferreira

Departamento de Engenharia Mecnica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade

do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Abstract

Recently, radial basis functions (RBFs) have enjoyed considerable success and research as a

technique for interpolating data and functions. A radial basisfunction, (kxxjk) is a spline that depends

on the Euclidian distance between distinct data centers xj , j = 1, 2, ...,N Rn, also called nod al or

collocation points. Although most work to date on RBFs relates to scattered data approximation and in

general to interpolation theory, there has recently been an increased interest in their use for solving

partial differential equations (PDEs). This approach, which approximates the whole solution of the PDE

directly using RBFs, is very attractive due to the fact that this is truly a mesh-free technique. Kansa [1]

introduced the concept of solving PDEs using RBFs. Structures composed of laminated materials are

among the most important structures used in modern engineering and, especially, in the aerospace

industry. Such lightweight structures are also being increasingly used in civil, mechanical and

transportation engineering applications. The rapid increase of the industrial use of these structures has

necessitated the development of new analytical and numerical tools that are suitable for the analysis

and study of the mechanical behavior of such structures. The behavior of structures composed of

advanced composite materials is considerably more complicated than for isotropic ones. The strong

influences of anisotropy, the transverse stresses through the thickness of a laminate and the stress

distributions at interfaces are among the most important factors that affect the general performance of

such structures. The use of shear deformation theories has been the topic of intensive research, as in

[214], among many others. The analysis of laminated plates by finite element methods is now

considerably established. The use of alternative methods such as the meshless methods based on

radial basis functions is atractive due to the absence of a mesh and the ease of collocation methods.

More recently the author and colleagues have applied RBFs to the static deformations of composite

beams, plates and shells [1522]. This paper presents a review of current methods for the analysis of

laminated plates and shells by strong-form-based meshless methods.

References [1] E. J. Kansa. Multiquadrics- a scattered data approximation scheme with applications to

computational fluid dynamics. i: Surface approximations and partial derivative estimates. Comput.

Math. Appl., 19(8/9):127145, 1990.

[2] E. Reissner. A consistment treatment of transverse shear deformations in laminated anisotropic

plates. AIAA J., 10(5):716718, 1972.

[3] J. N. Reddy. Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis.CRC Press, Boca

Raton 1997.

[4] E. Reissner and Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of certain types of aelotropic elastic plates. J.

Appl. Mech., 28:402408, 1961.

[5] Y. Stavsky. Bending and stretching of laminated aelotropic plates. J. Eng. Mechanics, ASCE, 87

(EM6):3156, 1961.

[6] S. B. Dong, K. S. Pister, and R. L. Taylor. On the theory of laminated anisotropic plates and shells.

J. Aeronautical Science, 29(8):969975, 1962.

[7] P. C. Yang, C. H. Norris, and Y. Stavsky. Elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous plates. Int. J.

Solids and Structures, 2:665684, 1966.

[8] S. A. Ambartsumyan. Theory of anisotropic plates (translated from Russian. Technomic, Stamford,

CT, 1969.

[9] J. M. Whitney and A. W. Leissa. Analysis of heterogeneous anisotropic plates. J. Appl. Mechanics,

[10] . Reddy. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates. J.of Applied Mechanics,

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Plenary Talk

VIP-ACEX040

Prof. H. Altenbach

Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg,

GERMANY

Theory of Plates and Shells at the Nanoscale

H. Altenbach1, V. A. Eremeyev1,2

1 Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany,

[email protected]

2 South Scientific Center of RASci and South Federal University, Russia,

[email protected]

Abstract

The development of nanotechnologies extends the field of application of the classical or non-classical

theories of mechanics towards the new materials. The discussions on the application of the continuum

mechanics and the mechanics of structures in the nanoscale are very extensive, see [1] among others.

In general, modern nanomaterials have physical properties which are different from the bulk material.

The classical elasticity can be extended to the nanoscale by implementation of the theory of elasticity

taking into account the surface stresses, cf. [1] among others. In particular, the surface stresses are

responsible for the size-effect, that means the material properties of a specimen depend on its size. For

example, Youngs modulus of a cylindrical specimen increases significantly, when the cylinder diameter

becomes very small. Let us note that even for such nanostructures as nanoshells, nanofilms, and

nanoplates the continuum approach gives a satisfying coincidence with atomistic simulations, if one

takes into account the appropriate constitutive equations. The theory of elasticity with surface stresses

was applied to the modifications of the two-dimensional theories of nanosized plates and shells, see,

for example, [26] and the references in it. The most popular in nanomechanics are the KirchhoffLove,

MindlinReissner, and von K`arm`an theories of plate and shells. Here we use the general nonlinear

theory of shell presented in [7, 8] for the modification of the constitutive equations taking into account

the surface stresses. We show that both the stress and the couple stress resultant tensors may be

represented as a sum of two terms. The first term is the volume stress resultant while the second one

determined by the surface stresses and the shell geometry. This means that the stress resultants for

the shell with surface stresses can be represented as follows

T = T + TS , M = M+MS , (1) where T and M are the classical stress and couple stress resultant

tensors given for example in [7, 8], while TS and MS are the resultant tensors induced by the surface

stresses, see [6] for details. In the linear case this modification reduces to the addition of new terms to

the elastic stiffness parameters. Follow [4, 5] we show that the bending stiffness is given by D = D +

DS , (2) where

D =Eh3 12(1 - n2) is the classical bending stiffness, E and n are the Youngs modulus and the

Poissons ratio of the bulk material, h is the shell thickness, DS = h2mS + h2lS/2, and mS and lS are

the surface elastic moduli. The influence of the surface stresses on the bending stiffness of a shell is

discussed. We show that the surface elasticity makes a shell more stiffer in comparison with the shell

without surface stresses, i.e. D > D. The numerical examples show that the influence of the surface

stresses is negligible for the plate thickness more then 20 nm. The effect of the surface stresses may

be more significant for multilayered plates and shells and for plates and shells with fractal-like surface.

We also applied the concept of the surface stresses to the plates and shells with rough surface which

has fractal-like relief. In particular, we consider the surface coated by nano- or microfibers array and

discuss constitutive equations for the effective surface energy of such surfaces. In this case the

26 | P a g e


influence of the surface stresses more significant as in the case of the smooth surface. The second

author was supported by the RFBR with the grant No. 09-01-00459 and by the DFG with the grant No.

AL 341/33-1.

References

[1] Duan, H. L.,Wang, J. & Karihaloo, B. L. Theory of elasticity at the nanoscale.In Advances in Applied

Mechanics, Elsevier. 2008. 42. 168.

[2] Lu, P., He, L. H., Lee, H. P. & Lu, C. Thin plate theory including surface effects. International Journal

of Solids and Structures, 2006. 43(16). 46314647.

[3] Huang, D.W. Size-dependent response of ultra-thin films with surface effects. International Journal

of Solids and Structures, 2008. 45(2). 568579.

[4] Eremeyev, V. A., Altenbach, H. & Morozov, N. F. The influence of surface tension on the effective

stiffness of nanosize plates. Doklady Physics, 2009. 54(2). 98100.

[5] Altenbach, H., Eremeyev, V. A. & Morozov, N. F. Linear theory of shells taking into account surface

stresses. Doklady Physics, 2009, 54(12). 531535.

[6] Altenbach, H., & Eremeyev V.A. On the shell and plate theories with surface stresses. In Shell

Structures. Theory and Applications. Vol. 2. W.Pietraszkiewicz, I. Kreja (eds). Boca Raton, CRC Press,

2010. 4750.

[7] Libai, A. & Simmonds, J. G. The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells, (2nd ed.). Cambridge,

Cambridge University Press. 1998.

[8] Chroscielewski, J., Makowski, J. & Pietraszkiewicz, W. Statyka i dynamika powok wielopatowych:

Nieliniowa teoria i metoda elementow skonczonych. Warszawa, Wydawnictwo IPPT PAN. 2004.

Plenary Talk

VIP-ACEX041

Prof. JN Reddy

Texas A & M University,

USA

Thermomechanical Response of Functionally Graded Structures

Reddy, J. N. and Muliana, A.

Advanced Computational Mechanics Laboratory

Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123

Abstract

Functionally gradient materials (FGM) are a class of composites that have a gradual variation of

material properties from one surface to another. These novel materials were

proposed as thermal barrier materials for applications in space planes, space structures, nuclear

reactors, turbine rotors, flywheels, and gears, to name only a few. As conceived and manufactured

today, these materials are isotropic and nonhomogeneous Two-constituent FGMs are usually made of

a mixture of ceramic and metals for use in thermal environments. The ceramic constituent of the

material provides the high temperature resistance due to its low thermal conductivity. The ductile metal

constituent, on the other hand, prevents fracture due to high temperature gradient ina very short period

of time. Typical situations where thermal shock occurs are during reentry of space vehicles, where the

temperature changes from 273oC to about 1,100oC in a few minutes, and the advanced gas turbine,

wherein a severe temperature transient of a change in temperature of 1,500oC occurs over a time

period of 15 s. The present lecture is an overview of the recent developments in the numerical

modeling of functionally graded structures [1-5]. The lecture will present detailed discussion of the

influence of geometric nonlinearity and temperature-dependent material properties on the response of

27 | P a g e


functionally graded structures.

Acknowledgement. The research reported herein was carried out under a research projects from the

NSF, Grant CMMI-1030836 and MURI09 project from the AFOSR under grant FA9550-09-1-0686.The

support is gratefully acknowledged.

References

1. J. N. Reddy and C. D. Chin, Thermomechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders and

Plates, J. Thermal Stresses, 26(1), 593-626, 1998.

2. G. N. Praveen and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Transient Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally Graded

Ceramic-Metal Plates, Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(33), 4457-4476, 1998.

3. R. A. Arciniega and J. N. Reddy, Large Deformation Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells,

International Journal of Solids and Structures, 44(6), 2036-2052, 2007.

4. R. Gunes and J. N. Reddy, Nonlinear Analysis of Functionally Graded Circular Plates Under

Different Loads and Boundary Conditions, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics,

8(1), 131-159, 2008.

5. M. Bayat, B. B. Sahari, M. Saleem, A. M. S. Hamouda, and J. N. Reddy, Thermo Elastic Analysis

of Functionally Graded Rotating Disks with Temperature-Dependent Material Properties: Uniform and

Variable Thickness, International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design, 5(3), 263-279, 2009.

Plenary Talk

VIP-ACEX040

Prof. H. Altenbach

Otto-von-Guericke-Universitt Magdeburg,

GERMANY

Modelling of Nanoarrays with Various Functional Properties

A.A. Girchenko1, H. Altenbach1, V.A. Eremeyev1,2,

1Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.

2South Scientific Center, RASci & South Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia.

Abstract

The recent progress in the microelectronics and nanophotonics is related to the development of

material science at the nanoscale. In particular, arrays of micro- and nanofibers or crystals made of

semiconductors or piezoelectric materials belong to the perspective structures that are studied very

intensively, see e.g. [1]. The number of nanocrystalls on mm2 is usually too high, so we can consider

these structures as a anisotropic continuum medium with effective (homogenized) properties.

In the paper we consider the application of the classical mechanics of fiberreinforced composites [2-7]

taking into account the morphology and electrical properties of nanocrystalls. For irregular structures

we also apply the fractal analysis [8]. Unlike to the classical composites materials we take into account

the interaction forces between the nanocrystals such as Wan der Waals, adhesion forces, etc. After the

determinations of effective properties the finite element analysis are applied using the package

ABAQUS/CAE. We perform the modal analysis and surface wave propagations in multilayered plates

with coating constituted of piezoelectric nanocrystals array.

[1] Z. Gu, M.P. Paranthaman, J. Xu, Zh.W. Pan, ACS Nano, 3, 273 (2009).

[2] Z. Hashin, B.W. Rosen, J.Appl.Mech., 31, 223 (1964).

[4] V.I. Aleshin, J. Appl. Phys., 88, 3587 (2000).

[6] M. Marutake. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 11, 807 (1956).

[7] D.A.G. Bruggeman. Ann. Phys., 24, 636 (1935).

28 | P a g e


[8] A.S. Balankin, Physical Review B, 53, 5438 (1996).

SS1

ACEX032

Prof. Aleksandr N. Pavlenko

Russian Academy of Sciences

RUSSIA

Flow Dynamics, Crisis Phenomena and Decay of Falling Wavy Liquid Films during Boiling

Incipience and Evaporation at Nonstationary Heat Release

A.N. Pavlenko

Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences,

Novosibirsk, 1, Acad. Lavrentyev ave., 630090, Russia.

Abstract

Regimes of liquid evaporation and boiling provide high intensity of heat and mass transfer processes of

the modern technologies with high energy rating: refrigerating and chemical industries, various

cryogenic apparatuses and systems of thermal stabilization and cooling, power engineering, rocket

engineering, metallurgy, etc. Studying the features of heat transfer development, in particularly, for the

film flow under conditions of a drastic temporal change of heat load, is important for safe and stable

operation of heat exchanging devices with heat flux pulsations, for designing of low-inertia evaporators,

heat exchangers-dosing units, mixers, special sorters of measuring equipment, including

biotechnological, biomedicine devices, etc. Results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of

flow dynamics, heat transfer, character of boiling-up, and crisis phenomena development are

presented for falling wavy films of cryogenic liquid (nitrogen) and water under the intensive transient

heat generation. According to the new experimental results, parameters, characterizing decay of the

falling film with step-wise and periodic pulsing heat generation (distribution of time of boiling-up

expectation along the liquid film, velocities of movable boundaries in the boiling-up and drying fronts,

intensity of liquid ejection from the heat-releasing surface, formation of transition structures), complexly

depend on the Reynolds number, wave characteristics, heat flux density and liquid subcooling. It is

shown that for low densities of the heat flux at crises under the conditions of step-wise loading, decay

of a laminar-wave liquid film occurs with formation of metastable regular structures with liquid jets and

large-scale dry zones between them. When loading thermal impulses of a high intensity, film decay is

determined by dynamic characteristics of propagation of the self-maintained front of liquid boiling-up

and the shape of structures, formed during its development.

SS1

ACEX055

Prof. Kee Joo Kim

Seojeong College,

KOREA

Texture Analysis of 5182 Aluminum Alloy Sheets for Improved Drawability by Rolling Process

Kee Joo Kim1, Jang Man Chung1, Chang Pyung Han1, Kyung Shik Kim2, Hak-Joo Lee2, Si-Tae Won3

1Seojeong College University, Gyeonggi-do, Yangjoo-si, 482-777, Korea.

2Korea Institute of Machinary & Materials, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 305-343, Korea.

3Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, 139-743, Korea.

29 | P a g e


Abstract

To fabricate the aluminum alloys with good drawability, the textures evolution of the AA5182 sheets

after rolling with the high l/d parameter and subsequent annealing was studied. The measurement of

the deformation textures was carried out for the sheets with high reduction ratio and the change of the

recrystallization texture was investigated after heat-treatments of the rolled sheets. Rolling without

lubrication and subsequent annealing led to the formation of favorable rot-CND {001} and g-fiber

ND// textures in AA5182 sheets. From the results, the g-fiber ND// component well evolved

during rolling at high l/d parameter of 6.77. The initial shear deformation texture, especially, g-fiber

ND// was not rotated during heat treatment in holding time of 180~7,200 seconds on AA5182 in

present rolling condition. Since the measured textures of the AA5182 sheets were nearly same as IF

steel, the plastic strain ratio (R-value) were measured. The measurement of the plastic strain ratio was

carried out for the AA5182 sheets in which were cold rolled by using the symmetric roll and annealed in

order to analyze the sheet drawability. The average plastic strain ratio of the AA5182 sheets was 1.50.

It was considered that the higher plastic strain ratio was resulted from the g-fiber ND//

component evolved during rolling and maintained during annealing. Therefore, the AA5182 sheets

were fabricated by rolling with symmetric roller having well evolved g-fiber ND// which was

advantageous in good drawability of the sheets.

[1] T. Kamijo, H. Adachihara, and H. Fukutomi: Acta Mater., (1993) 41(3) p. 975.

[2] K. J. Kim: Inter. J. of Auto. Tech., (2005) 6(3) p. 259.

[3] D. N. Lee, K. H. Oh: J. of Mater. Sci., (1985) 20, P. 3111.

SS1

ACEX116

Prof. Pey-Shey Wu

Da-Yeh University,

TAIWAN

Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Cross-Injection Film Cooling at the Endwall of a Gas Turbine

Vane Passage

P.S. Wu, S.T. Tsai, Y.H. Jhuo

Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Abstract

This study is concerned with a film cooling technique applicable to the protection of the endwalls of a

gas turbine vane. The way film cooling works is to provide a layer of coolant air which effectively

separates the vane and the endwalls from the hot-gas environment so that the wall material can be

protected. To better simulate the situation in real engines, turbulence intensity is considered in the

present study. In the experiments, cross-injection coolant flow with offset centerlines was utilized. The

test model is a scaled two-half vane. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package was used to

simulate the pressure distributions of a linear cascade and a two-half vane counterpart. The opening

size of the side gaps in the two-half vane model is determined based on the comparison of the

simulation results. The levels of turbulence intensity used in the experiments are T.I. = 1.8%, 7%, and

12%. Other parameters considered in the film cooling experiments include three inlet Reynolds

numbers, three blowing ratios (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0), and a forward-facing or a backward-facing endwall

step. Thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique [1,2] with steady-state heat transfer experiments

were used in the study. Thermal images of the liquid crystal were taken with a CCD camera and

analyzed to obtain the whole-field film cooling effectiveness.

30 | P a g e


Results show that at high turbulence intensity, both increasing Reynolds number and blowing ratio

decreases the film cooling effectiveness. The latter has a reversed trend at low T.I. level. Increasing

turbulent intensity decreases film cooling effectiveness, especially near the inlet of the vane passage.

The reason for that is the interaction of unsteady, high-turbulence main stream with the injection

coolant, and the interaction disrupts the film coverage, causing the film cooling effectiveness to

decrease. An endwall step may cause the effectiveness to increase at high turbulence intensity.

[1] R.J. Vedula and D.E. Metzger, ASME 91-GT-345, 1 (1991).

[2] Z. Wang, P.T. Ireland and T.V. Jones, J. Turbomachinery, 117, 184 (1995).

SS1

ACEX149

Dr. Agenor de Toledo Fleury

Universidade de So Paulo,

BRAZIL

Estimation of a scaled-model riser dynamics using computer vision and Kalman filtering

A.G. Fleury1,2, F.C. Trigo1 , F.P.R. Martins1

1Universidade de So Paulo, So Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 2231, 05508-970, Brazil

2Centro Universitrio da FEI, So Bernardo do Campo. Av. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco,

3972, 09850-901, Brazil

Abstract

Aiming at overcoming the difficulties derived from the traditional camera calibration methods to record

the underwater environment of a towing tank where experiments of scaled-model risers were carried

on, a computer vision method, combining traditional image processing algorithms and a self-calibration

technique was implemented. This method was used to identify the coordinates of control-points

viewed on a scaled-model riser submitted to a periodic force applied to its fairlead attachment point. To

study the observed motion, the riser was represented as a pseudo rigid body model (PRBM) and the

hypotheses of compliant mechanisms theory were assumed in order to cope with its ellastic behaviour.

The derived Lagrangian equations of motion were linearized and expressed as a state-space model in

which the state variables include the generalized coordinates and the unknown generalized forces. The

state-vector thus assembled is estimated through a Kalman Filter. The estimation procedure allows the

determination of both the generalized forces and the tension along the cable, with statistically proven

convergence.

SS1

ACEX296

Dr. Veronica Teichrieb

Federal University of Pernambuco,

BRAZIL

Point-Based Deformable Body Simulation Through GPGPU

M.W.S. Almeida1, V. Teichrieb1, J.M.A. Barbosa1, J. Kelner1

1Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Av. Jornalista A. Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitria

(Campus Recife) - 50.740-560, Brazil.

31 | P a g e


Abstract

This work presents the development of a simulation of point-based deformable objects in real time,

through a meshless technique called Point Based Animation [1]. Such technique has been gaining

attention mainly because it uses only points as simulation units, without connectivity information among

them, therefore allowing an increase of performance and turning the simulations even more accurate.

This feature enabled us to develop a parallel version using the NVIDIA CUDA technology to turn some

barely interactive results achieved with sequential implementations into real time results [2]. For

example, a sequentially executed scene (Intel Core i7) containing one complex object (577 physical

elements e 53,504 surface elements) simulating a Verlet explicit integration obtained rates of 4.1 fps,

while in the parallel implementation (GTX 295) ten instances of the same object simulating an Eulerian

implicit integration obtained rates of 6 fps.

To verify the accuracy of the simulation, this work made a comparative analysis between our solution

and the Abaqus CAE tool. In the analysis, a soft cube was used for comparison. The boundary

condition used was the fixation of the superior side of the cube letting only the gravitational force act

upon it, making it bounce. Results show that the physical behaviour is similar to the model developed,

but not as accurate as needed for more complex applications. Most accuracy errors are attributed to

some features existent in the CUDA library, like the utilization of single floating point precision which

generates accumulated errors over time. Latest graphics cards are able to overcome this drawback,

and we will analyze their effectiveness to simulate more accurate models.

[1] M. Mller, R. Keiser, A. Nealen, M. Pauly, M. Gross and M. Alexa, ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics

SCA, 141 (2004).

[2] T. Farias, M. Almeida, J.M. Teixeira, V. Teichrieb and J. Kelner, SBAC-PAD, 45 (2008).

SS1

VIP-ACEX127

Prof. Giuseppe Maino

ENEA,

ITALY

Evaluation of the structural integrity of hybrid railway cabin including crash

components

F. Caputo1, G. Lamanna1

1Second University of Naples, via Roma, 29 - 81031, Aversa, Italy

The regional railway vehicles turned to the transport of people are often designed to maximize the

number of transportable passengers; this trend causes the deficiency of suitable spaces of survival

between the a

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