7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

1/14

ACID-BASE SOLUTION

Chemistry For Senior High School

XI

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

2/14

prefaceTo the Student

Chemistry is all around us. We encounter matterand its changes in daily life. And studyingchemistry helps us understand various processesthat take place around us.

The author hope from this e-book for you, it willmake your study of chemistry more successful,

interesting, and enjoyable.To the Teacher

This book is written in such a way to encouragestudents to participate in learning activity. Adeeper qualitative and quantitativeunderstanding of the concepts will be primed

through explanation, key question, exercise, andproblems in learning activity. With this e-bookcomes hope that student will be able tounderstand concept of chemical matter.

Last Words

Praise be to Allah SWT who gives me time and

ability to write this e-book. The author thanks toDrs. Sukarmin, M.Pd, lecturer in chemistrydepartment at UNESA for gives steps to make thise-book. And also for critics and suggestions aregreatly welcomed.

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

3/14

Introduction

In daily life, acid and basecompounds can be easily founds.

Acid and Bases are compound

that have hold an important role

in our daily life. In living beings,

foods and drugs, households,

goods, farming, as well as raw

material for industries.

EXAMPLE

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

4/14

A. TEORI ASAM BASA

Istilah asam (acid) berasal daribahasa latin acetum yangberarti cuka, karena diketahui zatutama dalam cuka adalah asam

asetat. Adapun basa (alkali)berasal dari bahasa Arab yangberarti abu. Hingga saat ini, adatiga pengertian asam-basa yang

dikemukakan oleh empatilmuwan. Mereka adalah SvanteArrhenius, Johannes Bronsted,Thomas Lowry, dan Gilbert

Newton lewis.

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

5/14

A. ACID-BASE THEORY

The word acid is derived from Latin

word acetum, meaning vinegar.

The main substance in vinegar is

acetic acid. Base (alkali) is derived

from an Arabic word, meaning ash.Until now, there are three

definition of acid-base stated by

four scientists. They are Svante

Arrhenius, Johannes Bronsted,Thomas Lowry and Gilbert Newton

Lewis.

Note :

Make sure to distinguish the term Base and

alkali.

A Base that can dissolve in water is called an

alkali. Hence all alkalis are bases but not all

bases are alkalis (Esis page 162)

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

6/14

1. Pengertian Asam-Basa

Menurut Arrhenius

Tahun 1884, ilmuwanSwedia bernama SvanteArrhenius mengemukakan

pengertian Asam-Basaberdasarkan reaksi ionisasi.Menurut Arrhenius, asamadalah zat yang jika dilarutkan

dalam air akan menghasilkanion H+ , sedangkan basa adalahzat yang jika dilarutkan dalamair akan menghasilkan ion OH-.

Tabel contoh senyawa asam basa

menurut Arrhenius dan reaksi

ionisasinya

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

7/14

Senya

waContoh Reaksi ionisasi

Asam HCl (Asamklorida)

HCl(aq) H+

(aq) + Cl-(aq)

CH3COO

H(asam asetat)CH3COOH(aq)

CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq)

H2SO4(asam

sulfat)

H2SO4(aq) 2H+(aq)+SO42-(aq)

H2CO3

(asam

karbonat)

H2CO3(aq)2H+(aq)+

CO32-(aq)

Basa NaOH

(Natrium

Hidroksida)

NaOH(aq)

Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)

KOH(Kaliu

m

hidroksida)

KOH(aq)K+(aq)+OH-

(aq)

Al(OH)3

(Aluminiumhidroksida)

Al(OH)3(aq) Al3+(aq) +

3OH-(aq)

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

8/14

1. Definition of Acid-Base by

Arrhenius

In 1884, a Swedish scientist,

Svante Arrhenius defined the

definition of acid base based

on ionization reaction.According to Arrhenius, acid is

any substance that produces

H+ ion if it is dissolved in water,

while base is any substance

that produces OH- ion if it is

dissolved in water.

Tabel examples of Acid base

Compounds Based on Arrhenius

and Ionization Reactions

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

9/14

Berdasarkan jumlah ion H+

(untuk asam) atau ion OH- (untukbasa) yang dihasilkan dalam

reaksi ionisasi, senyawa asam-

basa dapat dikelompokkn

menjadi asam-basa monoprotik (

ion H+/OH- = 1) dan asam

poliprotik ( ion H+/OH- > 1).

Asam-basa poliprotik dapatmengalami beberapa kali reaksi

ionisasi

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

10/14

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

11/14

2. Pengertian Asam-Basa Menurut

Bronsted-Lowry

Pada tahun 1923, ilmuwan DenmarkJohannes Bronsted dan ilmuwanInggris Thomas Lowry mengemukakanteori asam-basa berdasarkan serahterima proton (H+). Menurut

Bronsted-Lowry, asam adalah zat yangdapat memberikan proton (H+) padazat lain {donor proton). Suatu zatbaikyang bermuatan positif, negatif,ataupun netral termasuk asam

Bronsted-Lowry asalkan mempunyaiminimal satu atom H. Misalnya, HCl,H2SO4, HSO4-, H3O, dan NH4+.Berikut ini model atom beberapasenyawa tersebut.

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

12/14

Basa adalah zat yang dapatmenerima proton (H+) dari zat

lain (akseptor proton). Suatu zatbaik yang bermuatan positif,negatif, ataupun netral termasukbasa Bronsted-Lowry jika

mempunyai pasangan elektronbebas yang dapat berikatandengan atom H, misalnya NH3,CO

3

2-, dan OH- .

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

13/14

Pengertian asam-basa yang dikemukakanBronsted-Lowry memperbaiki kelemahanteori asam-basa Arrhenius. Pengertianasam-basa Arrhenius hanya berlaku untuksenyawa yang larut dalam pelarut airkarena reaksi ionisasi yang menghasilkanion H+ dan ion OH" hanya terjadi dalampelarut air. Bagaimana jika senyawatersebut tidak dilarutkan dalam air?

Hal itu tidak dapat dijelaskan Arrhenius,tetapi dapat dijelaskan oleh Bronsted-Lowry. Teori asam-basa Bronsted-Lowrydapat menjelaskan semua reaksi yang

terjadi dalam bentuk apapun, termasukgas, larutan bukan air, larutan air, dancampuran heterogen. Penentuan suatu zatsebagai asam Bronsted-Lowry atau basaBronsted-Lowry dapat dilakukan jika zattersebut bereaksi dengan zat lainnya.

Perhatikan Animasi berikut

7/31/2019 Acid Base Solution

14/14