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ACID GASES

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What is an ACID GAS?

Acid gas is natural gas or any other gas

mixture which contains significant amounts of

hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO

2),

or similar contaminants.

The term acid gas covers any type of gas or

gaseous mixture which forms an acidic

compound when mixed with water.

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Sources ofACID GASES

Acid gases are produced when fossil fuels like

coal and oil are burned in power stations,

factories and in our own homes. Most of these

acid gases are blown into the sky, and when they

mix with the clouds it can cause rain - or snow,

sleet, fog, mist or hail - to become more acidic.

Nature can also produce acid gases, such asvolcanoes. When they erupt, the smoke that

comes out of the crater is also full of acid gases.

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ACID GASES

Sulfur Dioxide

Nitrogen Oxides

Hydrocarbons

Carbon monoxide

Particulates

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide has no color. Most

of it is released by power stations. It

causes acid rain when mixing withwater in the air.

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Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are produced when

petrol is not fully burnt. They are one

of the causes of modern-day smog.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a gas that

pollutes the air, and is mainly

released by cars and other vehicles.It has no color or smell.

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Particulates

Particulates are very small

particles, like soot, dust and fumes

that are released in the air. They arecaused by vehicles, factories and

smoke from homes burning coal for

heating.

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Effects ofACID GASES

Buildings are naturally eroded by

rain,wind, frost and the sun, but

when acidic gases are present, itspeeds up theerosion.

Rain is naturally acidic, but acid gases

make it even more acidic

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VOCsVolatile Organic

Compounds

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How do VOC cause

smog?

How does smog affect

us

exposed to

VOC

Reduce VOCemissions

What is VOCs

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Volatile Organic Compounds

(VOCs)Organic compounds are chemicals that contain

carbon and are found in all living things. Volatile organiccompounds, sometimes referred to as VOCs, are organiccompounds that easily become vapors or gases. Along with

carbon, they contain elements such as hydrogen, oxygen,fluorine, chlorine, bromine, sulfur or nitrogen .Off 188 airtoxic listed i n the Clean Air Act, about two thirds are volatileorganic compound and most of the rest are organiccompound

The definitions of VOCs used for control of precursors of photochemical smog used by U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA orsometimes USEPA) . It is formerly defined as ReactiveOrganic Gases (ROG) but changed the terminology to VOCfor simplicity's sake.

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Sources of VOCs

Plants

Bogs

Termites

Isoprenes

Terpenes

Methane

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How do VOC cause smog?

VOCs play significant role in

the formation of ozone and

fine particulates in the

atmosphere. The accumulation

of ozone and particulates

results in smog that reducesvisibility.

SMOG is particularly severe

under stagnant weather

conditions with typhoon

approaching or with prevailing

northerly winds that are

common in autumn

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How does smog affect us

Short-Term (Acute) to high levels of VOCs

Eye, nose and throat irritation

Headaches

Nausea / Vomiting

Dizziness

Worsening of asthma symptomsLong-Term (Chronic) to high levels of VOCs

Increased risk of:

Cancer

Liver damage

Kidney damage

Central Nervous System damage

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How might I be exposed to volatile organic

compounds?

Volatile organic compounds are common air pollutants found in mostof the air in the United States. You can be exposed to volatile organiccompounds outdoors by breathing polluted air that contains them. You aremost likely to be exposed to volatile organic compounds outdoors in thesummer, when the sun and hot temperatures react with pollution to formsmog, causing government officials to issue air quality alerts.

Indoors, products that contain volatile organic compounds releaseemissions when you use them, and to a smaller degree, when they arestored. You can be exposed to volatile organic compounds at home if youuse cleaning, painting, or hobby supplies that contain them. You can alsobe exposed if you dry-clean your clothes with home dry-cleaning products;if you dry-clean your clothes at a prof essional dry-cleaners; or if you usegraphics and crafts materials such as glues, permanent markers, and

photographic solutions.At work, you can be exposed to volatile organic compounds if you

work at a dry-cleaner, a photography studio, or an office that uses copiers,printers, or correction fluids. You can also be exposed if you work inchemical manufacturing or with petroleum-based products.

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Steps to Reduce Exposure

Follow label instructions carefully.

Throw away partially full containers of old or

unneeded chemicals safely.

Buy limited quantities.Keep exposure to emissions from products

containing methylene chloride to a minimum.

Keep exposure to benzene to a minimum.

Keep exposure to perchloroethylene

emissions from newly dry-cleaned materials to

a minimum.

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THEEND ^^