7055000mN
7070000mN
60
65
7055000mN
7070000mN
60
65
495000mE 510000mE00 05
495000mE 510000mE00 05
26 36
26 30
153 00 153 06
153 00 153 06
26 36
26 30
Bli Bli
Coolum Beach
Doonan
Eumundi
Maroochy River
Mudjimba
Nambour
North Arm
Peregian Beach
Point Arkwright
Yandina
Yaroomba
Marcoola
Weyba Downs
Verrierdale
Peregian Beach South
Yandina Creek
Valdora
Ninderry
Kulangoor
Mount Coolum
Parklands
Rosemount
Pacific Paradise
LP
SLAW
S1
LP
SLA
LP
S
LP5
SLA
a0S3
SDL
a0SP4
a0S2
LP
LP5
SLAW
a0SP5
SDL
SP5
LP5
LP
LP
SDL
a0SP4
a0S2
a0S2A0S1
SLA
SLA
a0LP
A0S0
A1S2
A0S1
S2
A0S1
A1S3A1S2
SDL
S2
S2
A0S0
a0S2
A0S2
a0S4
a0S1
A2S2
a0S4
LP5 S4
S3
S2
LP
A0S0
a0S4
A0S1
S3
S
S3
LP
LP5
SSDL
a0S2
S1
S0
A0S2
S3
S1W
a0S2 a0LPa0S1
a0LP
a0S2
a0S2LPLP
SDL
a0LP
a0S2
A2S3
a0LPA2S2 SP5+
A0S2
A1S1
a0LP
SLAW
S2WLP
SLASP5+
A0S0
A0S2 LP5
A2S2
a0S2
SLA
LP
a0SP5
S1a0S1
S3
LP a0LP
S3
LP
S2
S3
S2
S
SDL
a0S2
S1
SDL
a0S3
LP5
S2S1
SLAWS0587
588594
595
598
599
600
601602
603
604
605606
607
609
610
611
612
613
614
615623
624
625
626627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641642
643
644
646
647
648
649
650
657
694695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745 746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757 758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771772
773
774775
776777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
829
830
831
832
833834
835
836
837
838 839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855856
857
858859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885886
887
888
889
890
891
892
901
902
920
921
976
977
978
980981
982
983984
985
986
987
988
989
990991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
21572158
21592160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2176
21772178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2214
22252226
2227 2228
2229
22302231
22322233
2234
22352236
2237
2238
2239
22402241
2245
22462247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2260
2261
2280
2281
2311
23122313
2314
2315
2316
2317
23182319
2333
2334
2335
23362337 2338
2339
2340
23412342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
23522353
2354 2355
2356
2357
23582359
2360
23612362
23632364 2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
23702371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
23792380
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
243824392440 2441
24422443
2444
2445
2446
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
24552456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
24682469
2470
2471
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
31303131
3132
3133
3134
3135
31363137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3233
3234
3235
32363237 3238
3239
3240
3241
S
SLA
SDL
LP
NA
LP5
0 - 0.5m
0.5 - 1m
1 - 2m
2 - 3m
3 - 4m
4 - 5m
>5m
0
1
2
3
4
5
5+
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A5+
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S5+
NOTE:
REFERENCE
Depth DepthCode
Depth to ActualAcid Sulfate Soil2
(pH ≤4.0)
Depth to PotentialAcid Sulfate Soil3
ACID SULFATE SOILS (ASS)1 ON RELATIVELY UNDISTURBED LAND
MAROOCHY CALOUNDRA ACID SULFATE -SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
ACID SULFATE SOILS
MAP 1
Depth to StronglyAcidic Soil layer2
(pH >4.0 to ≤5.0)
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
a5+
0 500500 1000 1500 2000metres metres
SCALE 1 : 25 000
Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (MGA Zone 56)Horizontal Datum: GEOCENTRIC DATUM OF AUSTRALIA (GDA94)
Note: This map is GDA94 compliant
ACCURACY STATEMENT:Due to varying sources of data sets, spatial locations may not coincide when overlaid.
Produced at the Indooroopilly Sciences Centre by Natural Resource Information Management, Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Natural Resources and Mines.
DISCLAIMER:While every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of this product, the Department of Natural Resources and Mines makes no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which you might incur as a result of the product being inaccurate or incomplete in any way for any reason.
CARTOGRAPHY by J K Myers, Natural Resource Information Management, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly Sciences Centre, Brisbane.
C The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and Mines) 2002.
PROJECT MANAGEMENTC R Ahern, QASSIT, Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly Sciences Centre, Brisbane.
SURVEY by D Malcolm, J Adams, E Barry and I Hall, QASSIT, Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly Sciences Centre, Brisbane.
LABORATORY ANALYSIS by Natural Resource Sciences Laboratories, Department of Natural Resources and Mines, Indooroopilly Sciences Centre, Brisbane.
ACID SULFATE SOILSMAROOCHY CALOUNDRA ACID SULFATE
SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT
MAP 1Ref. No. NR&M-SEA-I-A0 3330
980
A0S2
a1S2
S1/S2
SLAW
S2W
A1W
The depth codes above imply that a predominance of profiles in the map unit fall within the nominated depth range.
Actual acid sulfate soil layers (designated with an A code) often overlie potential acid sulfate soil layers (designated with an S code). Where this occurs e.g. the map unit is coloured according to the depth of the upper surface of the 'actual' layer (A0) and overlayed with yellow dots. An 'a' preceding the soil depth code e.g. indicates a strong acid soil layer with field pH ranging from >4.0 to ≤5.0. This may or may not be a result of sulfide oxidation. While 'a' depth code is shown on the map, no colour is assigned to it.
In areas where there is varying depth to an ASS layer that cannot be separately mapped at the operative scale, two colours are used to designate the dominant depths. This appears as equal width striped colours. e.g.
SP - indicates sediments of Pleistocene age1, so that SP5+ indicates pyritic sediments (of Pleistocene age) deeper than 5m .
w - Subscript w indicates areas associated with Melaleuca sp. wetlands and occasionally Casuarina glauca communities. Oxidisable sulfur % in surface layers may be highly variable and often exceeds the 'Action Criteria4'. This may include sulfur from organic compounds and modern accretion of sulfides in a wet, organic rich environment. ASS typically occurs at depth. Where this occurs e.g. or or the map is coloured as per the actual or potential depth category and is overlayed with pattern.
Land mapped at 1:100 000 scale where ASS occurs within 5m of the surface.
Limited field assessment but occurs in a landscape position where there is a reasonable probability of ASS occurrence. This is usually land where the present use precludes any disturbance eg. National Parks, Reserves etc., or land where accessibility is severely restricted.
ACID SULFATE ON DISTURBED LAND5
Disturbed land, eg. Canal estate, Marina, Aquaculture, Quarry, Urban, Industrial likely to contain ASS. (In some cases partial or full treatment may have been undertaken). Limited field investigation.
5m AHD6 CONTOUR - NORMAL LIMIT OF FIELD INVESTIGATION
The 5m contour line delineates the normal limit of field investigation of Holocene, estuarine pyritic sediments7 which form ASS. Holocene ASS has not been found in this study on land above 5m elevation. In some cases, the limit of Holocene ASS8 is at the 5m contour. In other cases, the limit is <5m AHD. In the latter case, the land between the ASS limit and the 5m contour is designated LP explained below.
LAND WITH A LOW PROBABILITY OF ACID SULFATE SOIL OCCURRENCE
Land between the 5m AHD contour and the outer limit8 of Holocene, estuarine ASS (ie. land <5m AHD) as mapped at this scale, with low probability of ASS occurrence. Limited field investigation.
Land >5m AHD with low or negligible probability of ASS occurrence. Limited field assessment.
LAND NOT ASSESSED
Land not assessed for ASS as part of this survey. It may include non ASS land beyond the boundary established as the limit of Holocene, estuarine, pyrite sediments8 but insufficient or no field testing was carried out.
Acid sulfate soil is the generic term used to define soils derived from estuarine sediments containing iron sulfides (pyrite) or containing the acidic products of the oxidation of sulfides. The term includes actual and potential acid sulfate soils. Unless used with the superscript P, the code 'S' implies pyritic sediments of Holocene age. The superscript P implies sediments of Pleistocene age7.
An "A" preceding the soil depth code indicates the probable depth to a soil layer or horizon where a field pH of ≤4.0 is first encountered. A field pH of 4.0 or less is used as an indicator of an Actual Acid Sulfate Soil (AASS) which has mobile acidity in the form of ionic hydrogen, aluminium, iron or acid salts. Extensive areas with high actual acidity derived from sulfide oxidation may constitute a significant environmental hazard. Some soils with high organic matter may have low pH from organic acids. An 'a' preceding the depth code indicates the probable depth to a soil layer or horizon with field pH ranging from >4.0 to ≤5.0. This may or may not be a result of ASS oxidation.
An "S" preceding the soil depth code indicates the probable depth to a Potential Acid Sulfate Soil (PASS) layer or horizon. PASS are soils where the oxidisable sulfur percentage of pyritic origin exceeds the prescribed 'action criteria4' at which treatment is required if disturbed. Testing for Oxidisable sulfur is conducted by the Total Oxidisable Sulfur (TOS) method, the Chromium Reducible Sulfur (SCR) method or the Peroxide Oxidisation - Combined Acidity and Sulfate (POCAS) method.
Oxidisable sulfur 'Action Criteria' that trigger treatment are currently: Sands, 0.03 S%; Loams to light clays, 0.06 S%; Medium to heavy clays, 0.1 S%. NOTE: For disturbance > 1000 tonnes the action criteria is 0.03% regardless of soil texture.
Limited or no field checking has been carried out in disturbed lands.
The reliability of elevation data is variable across the study area. AHD refers to Australian Height Datum.
The primary focus of ASS investigation in this study are the pyritic sediments that were deposited in the Holocene epoch, that is, during the last 10 000 years. Experience in coastal stratigraphic mapping shows that similar, but much older pyritic sediments of Pleistocene age can occur, still in a reduced (anaerobic) state, being buried under either cemented sands or old, consolidated alluvium. They are far less common than the Holocene equivalents, and have been found beneath land whose surface is both above and below 5m AHD. Generally, Pleistocene sediments will be found at greater depths below the surface than equivalent Holocene sediments.
The outer boundary of Holocene estuarine ASS commonly occurs at the intersection with hard rock or other materials of non estuarine origin. It is either at the 5m contour or at lower elevation. This boundary is established using limited field checking at the boundary itself, together with the use of contour lines and geological map boundaries. There is no field assessment beyond the 5m AHD contour level. It should be noted, however, that certain lithologies on land above 5m AHD may contain sulfidic material of non estuarine/Holocene origin. Additionally, much older, estuarine, pyritic sediments may occur at depth on land >5m AHD, as discussed in footnote 7 above.
NOTE: This map should be used in conjunction with the accompanying report covering this area.
Borehole locations where profiles were described in detail and samples taken for analysis
Local Authority boundary
Digital Cadastral Data Base
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MAROOCHY SHIRE
Lake Weyba NOOSA SHIRE
South
Pacific
Ocean
Maroochy
River
See adjoining map A0 3331
LOCALITY MAP
BRISBANE
Noosa Heads
Coolangatta
SOUTH
PACIFIC
OCEAN
NSWQLD
QLD
STUDY AREA
INTENSITY DIAGRAM
Point Arkwright
Peregian Beach
Alexandra Headland
1:50 000 - Approximately one borehole per 25ha, 2 to 7 holes per km2
1:100 000 - Broad scale mapping, minimum of one hole per km2
1:25 000 - Approximately one borehole per 6.25ha, 8 to 16 holes per km2
Mt Coolum to Peregian Beach South
Lake Weyba
Yandina to Dunethin Rock
Pacific Paradise to Mt Coolum