Acidific

ation To

lerance

in

Aquatic O

rganism

s

Cluster 3

: Livi

ng Oce

ans and G

lobal Clim

ate Change

Elana Sanford

, Sona Trik

a, Joey U

y, Mich

elle H

ines

BACKGROUND

• CO2 emissions & the keeling curve

• Trend in decreasing pH• Carbonic acid • Calcifying organisms• The foundation of the marine ecosystem• Little Echo Pond in Franklin, New York

(“The Keeling Curve.”, 2013) (“Little Echo Pond”, 2013)

BRINE SHRIMP• Procedures• 100% mortality rate for acidic• Can control salinity in body, but

pH is different• Support rare birds & clean bodies

of water by absorbing bad chemicals (“Brine Shrimp.”, 2013)

DUCKWEED• Procedures

• Different levels of low pH lead to different mortality rates

• Thin waxy outer layer

• Major producer

SEA SNAILS• Procedures

• No movement

• Shut itself off from outside in protective shell

• Eat soft algae reducing turbidity

(McClung, 2012) (Schursastro, 2009) (Flatabø, 2005)

• Procedures

• All died in low pH died, in medium low pH most died and fresh all survived

• Skin is a significant barrier

• Supports decomposition

GUPPIES• Procedures

• All exposed to low pH died while the rest survived

• Little outer protection

• Support frogs & eat algae (reduce turbidity)

• Procedures

• All survived

• Protective exoskeleton

• Scavenger

GHOST SHRIMP

(Aquatic Foods, 2013) (Petshrimp.com, 2013)(Krisp, 2013)

BLACKWORMS

• Results

• Human & experimental error

• Improvements

• Applications

• Future experiments

CONCLUSION

Blackworm Sea Snail

Guppy Ghost Shrimp

Duckweed

WORKS CITEDArtemia Salina. Digital image. Robotics and Artificial Life Forms. Schursastro Photography, 2 Apr. 2009.

Web. 30 July 2013. <http://www.schursastrophotography.com/robotics/visionlogic-4.html>.

Avico. Little Echo Pond. Digital image. Little Echo Pond. Contract Photography, 2013. Web. 1 Aug. 2013.

Blood Worms. Digital image. California Blackworms for Your Fish. Aquatic Foods, n.d. Web. 31 July 2013.

Flatabø, Guttorm. Live sea snail at the coast of Veddö naturreservat in Sweden. Digital image. File:Sea Snail Veddo, Cropped.jpg. Wikimedia Commons, June 2005. Web. 30 July 2013.

"Keeling Curve." Encyclopædia Britannica Kids. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., n.d. Web. 30 July 2013. <http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-109526/Charles-Keelings-observations-of-monthly-carbon-dioxide-concentrations-at-Mauna>.

Krisp, H. File:Guppy Poecilia Reticulata.jpg. Digital image. File:Guppy Poecilia Reticulata.jpg. Wikicommons, 31 May 2013. Web. 31 July 2013.

McClung, Dennis. Duckweed. Digital image. Garden Pool. Garden Pool, 5 Mar. 2012. Web. 27 July 2013. <http://gardenpool.org/gardening-tips/growing-duckweed>.

Mustafa. Shrimp #2 (saddle). Digital image. Ghost Shrimp. Petshrimp.com, 18 June 2008. Web. 31 July 2013.

"Brine Shrimp." Great Salt Lake Food Web. Westminster College, n.d. Web. 01 Aug. 2013. <http://people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/tharrison/gslfood/studentpages/brine.html>.