Acids, Bases, and SaltsAcids, Bases, and SaltsChapter 23Chapter 23

Acids and Bases – Section 1Acids and Bases – Section 1

What do you think of when you hear acid?What do you think of when you hear acid?Acids have at least ____ hydrogen atom Acids have at least ____ hydrogen atom that can be removedthat can be removedAcid:Acid: produces ______ in a water produces ______ in a water solution.solution.HH++ reacts w/ H reacts w/ H22O to form HO to form H33OO++ ____________________ ion____________________ ion

Properties of AcidsProperties of AcidsTaste _______________Taste ___________________________ on skin____________ on skinCorrosive – irreparable _____________Corrosive – irreparable _____________React strongly w/ certain metals and React strongly w/ certain metals and produce Hproduce H22 ___________ ___________React w/ indicators to produce different React w/ indicators to produce different ___________________________________________:_________________: organic organic compound that changes color in an acid compound that changes color in an acid or base.or base.

Common AcidsCommon Acids

BasesBasesEx: ____________ powder, Mallox and Ex: ____________ powder, Mallox and antacids are basesantacids are bases______________: clean greasy, fatty ______________: clean greasy, fatty substances (bases)substances (bases)Base:Base: produce hydroxide ion,________, produce hydroxide ion,________, in Hin H22O solution. Also, accepts HO solution. Also, accepts H++ ion. ion.

Properties of BasesProperties of Bases_____________ of acids_____________ of acidsMany are crystalline ____________Many are crystalline ____________Most are _____________ compoundsMost are _____________ compoundsFeel ___________ and have bitter tasteFeel ___________ and have bitter tasteCorrosive and cause severe _________Corrosive and cause severe _________React w/ ________________ to React w/ ________________ to produce different colorsproduce different colors

Common BasesCommon Bases

Strengths of Acids and Strengths of Acids and BasesBasesSection 2Section 2

Strong and Weak AcidsStrong and Weak AcidsStrength depend on how many Strength depend on how many _______________ dissociate into ions_______________ dissociate into ionsStrong Acid:Strong Acid: nearly _________ nearly _________ molecules dissociate into ionsmolecules dissociate into ionsEx: HCl, __________ , HEx: HCl, __________ , H22SOSO44

Strong and Weak AcidsStrong and Weak Acids

Weak Acids:Weak Acids: only _________ amount only _________ amount dissolves in waterdissolves in water________ do the damage – more ions ________ do the damage – more ions more _____________!!more _____________!!Ex: Acetic Acid and _____________ AcidEx: Acetic Acid and _____________ Acid

Strong and Weak AcidsStrong and Weak Acids

Strong vs. WeakStrong vs. Weak

Strong:Strong: All _________________All _________________

Weak:Weak: Some __________________ and Some ProductsSome __________________ and Some Products

Strong and Weak BasesStrong and Weak Bases

Most ___________ are ionic compoundsMost ___________ are ionic compoundsStrong Base: Strong Base: dissociate _____________ dissociate _____________ to its ions. Ex: sodium hydroxide, NaOHto its ions. Ex: sodium hydroxide, NaOHWeak Base:Weak Base: does __________ dissociate does __________ dissociate completely. Ex: ammonia, NHcompletely. Ex: ammonia, NH33

Dilute and ConcentrationDilute and Concentration

DiluteDilute: more ____________ than acid: more ____________ than acidConcentratedConcentrated: more ___________ than : more ___________ than waterwaterCan have Can have concentrated ________ acidconcentrated ________ acid and and _____________ strong acid_____________ strong acid

Measuring StrengthMeasuring StrengthpH:pH: measure of concentration of _____ measure of concentration of _____More HMore H++ the _____________ the pH the _____________ the pHScale from 0 – 14Scale from 0 – 147 = __________, concentration of OH7 = __________, concentration of OH-- = = concentration of ________concentration of ________Below 7 = _____________, more HBelow 7 = _____________, more H++

Above 7 = _____________, more OHAbove 7 = _____________, more OH--

pH ScalepH Scale

BuffersBuffers

Def:Def: solutions containing __________ that solutions containing __________ that react with additional acids or bases to react with additional acids or bases to _________________ effects on pH_________________ effects on pH

SaltsSaltsSection 3Section 3

NeutralizationNeutralization

Def:Def: rxn between an ____________ and a rxn between an ____________ and a ______________ that takes place in a ______________ that takes place in a water solution.water solution.2 rxns occur: HCl(2 rxns occur: HCl(aqaq) + NaOH() + NaOH(aqaq) ) HH33OO++((aqaq) + OH) + OH--((aqaq) ) H H22O(O(ll) ) ________________ NaNa++((aqaq) + Cl) + Cl--((aqaq) ) NaCl( NaCl(aqaq))

________________

Salt FormationSalt Formation

_____________:_____________: compound formed when compound formed when (-) ion from combines with __________ ion (-) ion from combines with __________ ion from basefrom baseEx: NaClEx: NaCl

Acid Base RxnsAcid Base Rxns

acid + _______ acid + _______ salt + ________ salt + ________2HCl(2HCl(aqaq) + Ca(OH)) + Ca(OH)22((aqaq) ) CaCl CaCl22((aqaq) + 2H) + 2H22O(O(ll))

Soaps and DetergentsSoaps and Detergents___________(water) and Nonpolar(grease ___________(water) and Nonpolar(grease fat) substancesfat) substances““Like dissolves Like”Like dissolves Like”Polar dissolves Polar, etc.Polar dissolves Polar, etc.Soaps have both Soaps have both PolarPolar and and _________ _________ endsends Mix with water and greaseMix with water and grease Hydrocarbon Chain is 12 - _____ carbonsHydrocarbon Chain is 12 - _____ carbons

Soap ScumSoap Scum

Salts form that are ______________ in Salts form that are ______________ in waterwater__________________________________ do NOT make do NOT make insoluble saltsinsoluble salts can be used in cold watercan be used in cold water