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AcidsLesson 4
Acid and BaseDefinitions
Acid and Base Definitions
Bronsted Arrhenius
Acid Base Acid Base
proton donor proton acceptor ionizes to H+ ionizes to OH-
Strong means completely.
Weak means partially.
Definitions 1. Strong Arrhenius Acid-
completely ionizes in water to H+
HCl H+ + Cl-
2. Strong Bronsted Acid- completely donates a proton to a base
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
3. Strong Arrhenius Base-
completely ionizes in water to OH-
KOH K+ + OH-
4. Strong Bronsted Base- completely accepts a proton from an acid
NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH-
5. Weak Arrhenius Acid-
partially ionizes in water to H+
HF ⇄ H+ + F-
6. Weak Bronsted Acid- partially donates a proton to a base
HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + F-
7. Weak Arrhenius Base-
partially ionizes in water to OH-
Zn(OH)2 ⇄ Zn2+ + 2OH-
8. Weak Bronsted Base- partially accepts a proton from an acid
NH3 + H2O ⇄ NH4+ + OH-
Acids Bases
Is NH3 an acid or a base in water?
Base- it is closer to the strong bases than strong acids
Memorize the following NH3 is a weak base when in water
NH4+ is a weak acid
H2O is an acid when with a base and a base when with an acid and is amphiproticH2O is always neutral when pure
⇄ NH4+ + OH-
⇄ H3O+ + IO3-
Write a reaction showing water acting as a acid
H2O + NH3
Write a reaction showing water acting as an base
H2O + HIO3
Acid AnhydrideMeans an Acid without water Add water and you get an acidThey are nonmetal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make an acid Simplify
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
N2O5 + H2O H2N2O6 2HNO3
Cl2O7 + H2O H2Cl2O8 2HClO4
C2O3 + H2O H2C2O4
I2O5 + H2O H2I2O6 2HIO3
Basic anhydrideMeans a base without water Add water and you get a base- OH styleThey are metal oxidesAdd water Add the H's and O's Make a base- start with a metal K2O + H2O
2KOH
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2
Classify each formula and write an equation.strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.
HNO3
CO2
Mg(OH)2
H2C2O4
Strong acid HNO3 H+ + NO3-
Acid Anhydride CO2 + H2O H2CO3
H2CO3 ⇄ H+ + HCO3-
Strong Base Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH-
Weak Acid H2C2O4 ⇄ H+ + HC2O4-
Classify each formula and write an equation.strong acid weak acid strong baseweak base acid anhydride basic anhydride.
Rb2O Basic Anhydride Rb2O + H2O 2RbOH
RbOH Rb+ + OH-
Strong base NH2- + H2O NH3 + OH-
Weak base CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH-
NH2-
CN-
NaOH Strong base NaOH Na+ + OH-