ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to thank the following development officials and scientists who have involved in preparation revision and finanalization of C-Dap documents. First and foremost, I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Shri Vikas Deshmukh, Commissioner of Agriculture, Shri. K. V. Deshmukh Director Agriculture (E &T), Shri. Mahavir Jangate, Divisional Joint Director, Thane, and all the officers of Extension Department of Commissionerate of Agriculture, who has guided and helped us a lot for preparing this C-Dap. I am thankful to Shri. Uday Choudhary C.E.O Zilla Parishad and all the hed of the department from line department Scientist, ARS Palghar, K.V. K., Kosbad, Pricipal, Rameti-Khopoli to their valuable suggestion and remarks. The entire district level officials, Farmers of selected village and lone team of C-Dap Thane extended their co-operation and help in preparation of this document. Among the team members and departmental officers. Shri Mahavir Jangate, Shri Deepak Kute, Shri. Vishwas Barve, Ajay Patil, Shri. Sandip Keni, Smt. Anita Pandit have contributed in big way in Collection, analysis and interpretation of data and Successful Completion of this “C-Dap Document “ I also thank shri . R. G. Patil, Project Director ATMA Thane. without his sincere efforts complementation of this document is not possible. Finally I would like to thank all those who worked/guided/helped in C-Dap Finalization. Collector, Thane and Chairman C-Dap
Transcript
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to thank the following development officials and scientists who
have involved in preparation revision and finanalization of C-Dap documents.
First and foremost, I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Shri Vikas
Deshmukh, Commissioner of Agriculture, Shri. K. V. Deshmukh Director Agriculture (E &T), Shri.
Mahavir Jangate, Divisional Joint Director, Thane, and all the officers of Extension Department of
Commissionerate of Agriculture, who has guided and helped us a lot for preparing this C-Dap.
I am thankful to Shri. Uday Choudhary C.E.O Zilla Parishad and all the hed of the
department from line department Scientist, ARS Palghar, K.V. K., Kosbad, Pricipal, Rameti-Khopoli
to their valuable suggestion and remarks.
The entire district level officials, Farmers of selected village and lone team of C-Dap
Thane extended their co-operation and help in preparation of this document. Among the team
members and departmental officers. Shri Mahavir Jangate, Shri Deepak Kute, Shri. Vishwas Barve,
Ajay Patil, Shri. Sandip Keni, Smt. Anita Pandit have contributed in big way in Collection, analysis
and interpretation of data and Successful Completion of this “C-Dap Document “ I also thank shri .
R. G. Patil, Project Director ATMA Thane. without his sincere efforts complementation of this
document is not possible.
Finally I would like to thank all those who worked/guided/helped in C-Dap
Finalization.
Collector, Thane
and
Chairman C-Dap
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Particulars page no.
Foreword
Preface
List of Tables
List of Figures/Charts
List of Annexures
Abbreviations Used
I Introduction.
1.1 : Background
1.2 : Issues and Challenges
1.3: Definition of District planning
1.4: Objectives of District Planning
1.5: Technical Support Groups (TSG’s)
1.6: Matching Resources with the Plan
1.7: Design of the Manual
II Vision and Strategy
2.1 : Intrtoduction
2.2 : Objectives
2.3 :What Agriculture Vision Docement Should
Contain?
2.4 : Preparation of Vision Document
2.5: Strategies
III Methodology and Process
3.1: Introduction
3.2 : Formation of Agriculture Planning Units
3.3: Formulation of District Agriculture Plan
IV Format for preparation of Comprehensive
District Agricultural Pan
Annextures
List of Tables
Table No. Particulars Page Number
3.1 Major Tasks and Steps to be taken in the Formulation of C-Dap
List of Figures/Charts
Figure No. Particulars Page Number
1.1 Major Characteristics of C-Dap
1.2 Technical Support Groups at District And Sub-district level
2.1 What Agriculture Vision Document Should contain
3.1 District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU)
3.2 Block or Taluka Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU/TAPU)
3.3 Panchayat / Village Agriculture Planning Unit (BAPU/VAPU)
3.4 Consultation Procedure at Various Levels
3.5 Flow Chart of C-DAP Activity
4.1 C-DAP Formulation
`EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
Brief Introduction of the District its Location, features etc.
1.1 Thane is the progressive district of the Maharashtra state. It is the northern district of
Konkn region. Thane district is very important agriculture district as being nearer to Mumbai.
Topographically it has much diverse condition.ie. hilly zone, saline zone, platu zone and
characterised by high iritic rainfall. 40% of the area of the district is covered by forest. 2 talukas of
the district are trible. Land fragmentation, taxonomic backwardness, traditional farming, poor
knowledge level about agri business and marketing are weakness of agriculture. Monoculture,
lowproductivity, rainfedfarming, traditional mentality, stray cattles are the hardles in the progrees of
the district.
To over come above problems a co-ordinated approach along with line department for analyzing the
situation identifing the gaps and organizing program to over come the problems this comprensive
District Agriculture plan.(C-DAP) is proposed.
a) Integrated Development of major food crops (e.g. Paddy)
In Thane districts 55383 ha area is under paddy having average productivity 2573 kg/ha.
Potential of Research varieties and field level demonstrations is much more than what is achieved at
present. Considering the past experience 2.68 % growth rate in paddy can be achieved with the help
of tools like crop demonstrations, application of urea briquets, farmer field schools, seed
replacement, seed village scheme, expansion in area under hybrid varieties, mechanization etc.. For
this purpose an outlay of Rs.105 Lakh is proposed in 12th
five year plan. Thus projected production
of paddy will reach up to 344000 tons by achieving average productivity 2700 kg/ha.
Crop diversification and area expansion plan of various fruit, vegetable, oil seeds, spices,
pulses and flower crops with increase in production and productivity .wherein the area under cereals
is reduced and area under pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and flowers is increased.
For overall development of food crops financial provisions are proposed for organizing rice
festival creation of storage structure on farm protection of produce from unseasonal rains and
D. Classification of workers (................) TOTAL
1. Cultivators 122233
2. Small farmers 23989
3. Marginal farmers 74858
4. Medium Farmers 7445
5. Large Farmers 1213
E. Co-operation
1. Co-operative Societies 20690
2. Agri Primary Co.- op Credit Societies 408
3. Member of Agril. Co.- op Credit Societies 1,82,810
4. Dairy Co-op Societies (central)-1, Primary-122
5. Financial assistance from Agril Co.- op Societies 32.11 Crores
Geographical Features :
Location :
Thane lies between 720 45 & 73
048 East Longitude and 18
042 and 20
020 North Latitude. It is
situated Sahyadri Hills in the east . Pune & Nagar district towards East . Mumbai district toward
West.Palghar district towards north. & Raigadh district towards South.
Geography :
The total geographical area of the district is 415851 ha. which is 3.11 % of total area of the
state. The Eastern part of the district has Sahyadri Ranges , which comprises of mainly forest area
Administration Setup :
The district is divided in to 06 tahashils with 03 Revenue sub divisions and 1 Agriculture sub
division. Thane subdivision having Thane, Kalyan, Murbad Tahasils Second is Bhivandi Sub
Division which is form by Bhivandi, & Shahapur Tahashils ,Third sub division is Ulhasnagar having
Ulasnagar & Ambarnath Tahasils
Demographic features & Ethnographic seeting :
Total Population of district according to 2011census is 80.70 lakh . The total male population
is 43.19 and female population was 37.51. The density of Thane district 1157 per Sq. K.M. The
Gender ratio of district was 866. The scheduled caste population of district is 6.43 lakh and the
scheduled tribe population of district is 4.24 lakh.
Ethnographic & Setting
Brief information about trible communities in the district is given below :
1. Warli
The ‘warlies’ in the north-east of Thane district are originally Varles or up-
lenders. They live in ‘padas’. Their main profession is agriculture but many of them work as
labours in a nearly forest and with the local conditions.
2. Thakur
The tribe lives in or nearby forest but always choose a leveled plot for their hamlet or
pada. They grow Nagli crops and Vari crops on hill slopes.
3. Malhar Koli
This Tribe is so called because its members worship God ‘Malhar’. They live in small
settlements in the forest and their hereditary occupation is agriculture.
4. Kokana
This is Primitive tribe and resembles the ‘ Warlis’. Their name indicates that they are
native of Kokan region and most of them are cultivators and labours.
5. Katkari
This is a nomadic schedule tribe and also known as ‘kathodi’. are very small and their
lands are situated on the hill slopes and hence, rocky and infertile.
Literacy :
The literacy percentage of Thane district is 84.53 The male literacy is 88.72 % while female
literacy percentage is 73.10%.
Agro Climatic Information :
The district lies between Sahydri Hills. The major portion of district lies in the basin of
Vaitarna & Ulhas rivers
The Rivers Lohari , Tansa are the Tributaries of the river while Barvi,Kalu & Bhatsa are
tributaries of Ulas river.
Climate :
The District is Characterized by warm & humid climate. The district gets assured rainfall of
2400- 2500 m.m. form south west Monsoon during the month June to September. Generally the
highest rainfall is recorded in the month of July and later on there is gradual decline in the rainfall
.On an average temperature ranges from 16 0c to 32.3
0c The humidity of district ranges from 61 to 86
percent through out the year .
Soil :
The Major portion of earth crust of the district is synthesised from the Besultic rocks. The
Soils of Thane district divided into two categories first one is Vertisol i.e. black soil containing sand
which present Thane Tahasils. Second one is Brownish black soil mostly observed in the plains of
Bhivandi, Kalyan & Shahapur Tahasils.
Forest :
Forest in the district is spread over on 135955 ha. which is about 34.76% of to the district
geographical area. The area under forest among Tahshil is Shahapur 19.70%, Murbad 5.88% &
Kalyan 1.54%, Bhiwandi 5.58%. These 6 Tahashils comprises about 89% area under forest of the
district and remaining 11% is other part of the district.
Forest department is engaged in afforestion, reforestation & conservation of forest &
development of forestry in the district. Forest department achieved successes in shahapur & Murbad
Tahashils for protecting natural growth of forest with the help of peoples. The income from forest
produce has good value in market. Hence , there is also need introduce more valuable forest trees &
plants to increase yield.
Land Use Pattern :
The total geographic area of Thane district 415851 ha. According to 2011Census the Land use
pattern indicate that 39.95% is under cultivation while 40.30%. is under forest.. The 5.80%. is
uncultivable follow land. while 1.54 % is culturable waste land of the total geographical area. Area
sown more than once is 1.78% and the cropping .intensity of the district is 101.78%.
39.95
36.91
6.18
4.27
2.43 5.8
1.54
1.54 1.66 2.17
Land Utilization
Net Area Sown
Area under forest
Land under non agril use
Permanent Grazing
Miscellaneous Plantation
Barren and uncultivable land
Culturable Waste
Current follow
Other follow
Saline Soils
Land Holding Pattern :
There are 122233 land holders covering & area of 172092 ha. There percent according to
land holding is shown as below :
Sr.
No.
Description
(Size of holding )
No. of
Holders
Percentage to
Holders
Area in Ha. Percentage
to area
1 Less than 1 ha. 74858 61.00 28490 17.00
2 1 ha. to 2 ha. 23989 20.00 34863 20.00
3. 2 ha. to 4 ha. 14728 12.00 42608 25.00
4. 4 ha. to 10 ha. 7445 6.00 46351 27.00
5. Above 10 ha. 1213 1.00 19780 11.00
Total 122233 172092
(From district social & Economical Survey Report )
The total no. of holdings in the district is 122233 with an area of 172092 Ha. The no. of
marginal farmers is near about half of the total holdings & No. of small farmers 20% so it can
imagine that how it is a challenging task for planning & development & for evolving suitable
technologic & policy measures.
Crops & Cropping Pattern. :
Net sown area of the district is 163209 ha. Which is 39.24% of the total geographical area of
the district. Paddy is major crop grown in the district. While Nagali & Warai are the other cereals
grown in the district. The total area under cereals was 91.00%. The total area under pulses is 8.34% .
The Major Pulses grown are Udid, Field Bean, Red Gram & Bengal Gram. Area under Oil seeds very
low in compare to other districts.
Sr. No. Crops Area in 00 ha. Yied /kg/ha
1) Paddy 55183 2508
2) Tur 491
3) Mung 179 2148
4) Udid 939
5) Sesamum 135 690
6) Vegetables 4223
7) Fruit Crop 2245
8) Flowers 355
Total 63750
Fruit and Vegetables:
The climate of Thane district is suitable for fruit & Vegetable crops. The Mango, Suppota,
Banana etc. Fruits Chilly, Turmic etc. spices , coconut, Cashew nut etc. Plantation crops are grown
in the district. Area & production of these corps shown as under.
Area & Production of important horticulture crops
Name of the Crops Area (in Ha.) Productive Area
(Ha.)
Production (M. Ton.)
Mango 1768 1768 12
Sapota 9205 143 85146.25
Banana 93 25 2343.6
Cashew 1515 136 924.15
Coconut 1935 103 65.18 (nuts)
Spices 60 - 93449.50
Vegetables 6920 - 76893
This Area under Horticulture crops is less in regards to the climate of district as climate in the
district offers opportunities to produce the wide range of Horticulture Spices & Medicinal Plants. In
mango maximum area is under Alphaso Variety which is Alternet in bearing Hence there is need to
promote regular bearing Varieties like Keshar. There is need to develop nurseries for easy
availability of quality planting material.
As there is such a large area under horticulture the farmer should insure for marketing of
these fruits. There is need to develope adequate marketing & post harvest facilities like cold storage,
grading , packaging & processing etc.
Medicinal Plant :
The atmosphere of Thane district is also favorable to produce wide range of medicinal plants
like Jamun, Bhui Awala, Safed Musali, Gulwel, Bramha etc. There is need for setting up an exclusive
production and training center for farmers in the district for cultivation of these crops. There is need
to create awareness within farmers regarding the importance of these crops. There is also need to
create nurseries for quality planting material and efforts to develops market.
Irrigation :
Out of total cultivable area 11424 ha area is under irrigation. The district is having two major
project i.e. Bhatsa project having command area of 9000 Ha. In addition wells, borewells, farm
ponds etc are used for irrigation.
Use of Fertilizers & Pesticides :
The use of fertilizers is related to productivity of crops. In Thane district fertilizers are
provided by State Co-operative Marketing Federation , Co-operative Societies & private dealers .
The consumption of chemical fertilizer during 2014-15 was 10595 M. Ton. The average chemical
fertilizer consumption of the district was 110.64 kg/Ha.
The fertilizer consumed during 2014-15 was as below :
Urea - 8929 M. Ton.
MOP - 20 M.Ton
15-15-15 - 1019 M. Ton.
Others - 627 M. Ton
Co-operative Sector :
Marketing & Storage Facility :
There are 6 agriculture produce market commities in the district. & 11 sub market yard with
28 rural godowns , having a storage capacity approximately 10750 M. Ton. in addition there are 26
Ice Plant, 6 Cold storages.
Sr. No. Name of Market Yard No. of Sub Market Yard
1. Shahapur 3
2. Murbad 3
3. Bhivandi 3
4. Ulhasnagar 2
5. Kalyan -
Paddy is the major agriculture produce is marketed in these yards.
Credit Facility :
There are 20690 Co-operative societies in the district. 408 are Agril. Primary Co-operative
credit societies in the district with of 182810 members. No. of borrowers was 24496. The financial
assistance given by agril co-operative societies was Rs. 158724000 as short term , 160150000 as
medium term, 2277000 as long term loan.
The Thane district Central Co-operative Bank has 61 branches in the district.. Having 39791
members. Loan distributed for agriculture was 6630.53 lack. for kharif & 2117.70 lakhs for rabbi.
Besides this DCC Bank there is the Thane district Agriculture & Rural Development Co-
Operative Bank Ltd. and Urban Co-operative Bank. and other 19 Co-operative Banks in the district.
Transport and communication:
In the district lines of western railway & Central Railway are spread over on 286.4 km. long.
Railway lines runs from Thane – Vasai- Palghar and Dhahanu Tahashils of the district. While the
central rail lines runs through Thane, Kalyan, Ulhas Nagar, & Shahapur Tahashils. The information
regarding road in the district, reveals that the total length of road is 6350 km. Out of which 2877 Km
are under municipal corporations .
1.2 Issues and Challenge
land fragmentation,
economic backwardness,
Traditional farming,
Poor knowledge level about agribusiness and marketing are weaknesses of
Agriculture.
Monoculture,
low productivity,
rain fed farming,
Traditional mentality,
Stray Cattles
are the hurdles in the agriculture progress of the district.
1.3 Defination of District Planning
A District Plan describes what the districts will try to achieve over a medium term of five
years and how it intends to achieve it a Plan contains an analysis of the current situation of the district
and it needs and potential. It contain a statement of objectives and analysis of ongoing as well as new
Schemes and programmed with in the district this plan contain action plan along with the financial
outlay with a provision of continuous up dating this plan will help to overcome the problem in over
all agriculture development with a co-ordinate approach along with line department for analyzing the
situation indentifying the gaps, and organizing programmers to overcome the problems.
1.4 : Objective of District plan
The objective of district planning is to design an integrated and participatory action
plan for the development of local area in general and agriculture and allied sectors in particulars.
The Planning process initiated at grass root level i.e. at village / G.P. Level and Basic primary data
is collected at village level will have to collect the basic primary data. The objectives of
Comprehensive District Agriculture plan (C-DAP) are:
Comprehensive District Agriculture plan (C-DAP) being prepared through participatory
process involving various organizations and stakeholders.
Plan includes the optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial resources
The plan assess for the infrastructure repuired to support the agriculture development.
Plan includes linkages with the required institutional support services, like credit, technology
transfer, ICT, research etc.
District plan include action plan for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with food
security and cropping system will improve farmers income
In this process, it will be ensured that
The agricultural plans are prepared for the district and then integrated into the agricultural
plans of the state based on the Agro-Climatic Conditions, availability of technology, trained
manpower and natural resources.
The local needs / crops / feed and fodder / animal husbandry / dairying / fisheries / priorities
are reflected in the plan.
The productivity gaps for important crops and livestock and fisheris are reduced and the
returns to the farmers from these are maximized
There are quantifiable qualitative changes in the productivities of the above.
The livestock and fisheries options are gien due consideration as an important source of
income.
1.5 Technical support Groups (TSGs)
Technical support Groups (TSGs) being used in place to assist the planning of units
at district sub-district and panchayat level in preparing the vision statement and subsequently vet the
draft plan proposals.
These consist of Departmental officers mandated and nominated for the purpose in addition
tho their duties or retired persons locally available or a local academic Institution / research /
extension organization or established NGO with proven record.
Similar technical support being arranged for urban areas, intermediate panchayat and village
gram panchayats.
1.6. Matching of Resources with the plan :
Each gram panchayat is being allocated resource in accordance with the assessed needs.
However, at this stage of development, the local planning exercise has took the account availability
of sources of funds. The attempts should be put them to best possible use.
After knowing the order of resources for the plan it is divided into three categories, namely,
purely untied funds, partly untied funds (where there is some flexibility in use) and tied funds. Such a
matrix would give each Panchayat an idea of how it can slot its priorities into the conditionality’s
associated with funding. This would ensure that funds, which are inescapably tied should be first used
and then untied funds are applied. Once needs are assessed at the Panchayat level, linking each need
to the source of funding can be adopted.
To incentivize the states to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors, the following
suggestions may be adhered.
To ensure that agriculture plans are prepared for the block level and then integrated with the
agriculture plan for the District based on the agro-climatic conditions, availability of
technology and natural resources.
Being ensure that the local needs /crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans
of the district.
To achieve the goal of reducing the yield gap in important crops through focused
interventions.
To provide flexibility and autonomy to Block in the process of planning and executing
agriculture and allied sector schemes.
To maximize returns to the farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.
To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various components
of agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner including the
researchable issues.
1.7 : Design of the manual.
This manual deals with process of preparation of C-DAP and provides sequentially the
steps to be taken in the process and methodology to be adopted. Manual begins with
guidelines to prepare the vision for the district and elaborates on methodology in collection
and analysis of the data. The focus of the methodology and process is to arrive at optimum
utilization of resources and convergence of the existing and new schemes. The manual
emphasises preparation of innovative schemes keeping in view the developmental needs of
the district and the available resources.
CHAPTER : II
VISION AND STATEGY
2.1 : Introduction
Vision of development of a region is a convincing and inspiring picture of a desired and possible
future for development. The vision for development of agriculture should flow from the collective
aspiration of all the stakeholders of the area. A document thus emerging from collective imagination
for wellbeing of local community through realizing the potential for agricultural growth is called a
vision document. In the present context, vision document is a perspective for development of a
district over the next 10 to 15 years; whereas, a vision statement is the core and gist of such
document. Schemes and programmers operating in the area should not condition the preparation of
the vision document. Since a vision with a plan can only bring about significant changes, the vision
statement is an essential pre-requisite for preparation of a Comprehensive District Agricultural Plan
(C-DAP).
The vision being primarily be articulated to address three important aspects of development, namely,
human, infrastructure and production leading to better productivity and employment. Participatory
preparation of the document ensure its ownership by all stakeholders, who subsequently may share
responsibility to work for making it happen. It also foster cooperation and teamwork among the
inhabitants of the area. Vision being supported by the strategy of the plan.
2.2 : Objectives
To generate a common development perspective of the district that reflects the thinking of
diverse stakeholders.
To work out an inspiring goal for overall development of the area.
To envisage and incorporate roles of women and disadvantaged groups in the main stream
development.
To picturize optimal utilization of the available resources for achieving higher levels of
livelihoods, especially, for the underprivileged.
To foresee needs and level of human and infrastructure development as it emerges from
collective wisdom for achieving goals.
To motivate people of the area and gear up all segments of population for facing the
challenges, difficulties and bottlenecks to realize their cherished common goals.
To act as a goal post towards which the entire planning process should be oriented.
To help people of the area in developing more realistic, objective oriented, and executable five
year and annual plans.
2.3 : Agriculture vision Document Contain
The document reflect people?s aspiration and means for achieving the full potential of growth
and development.
It contain potential of production/ productivity in agriculture and allied activities and is the
prerequisite for developing effective agricultural plans of an area.
It reflect on strategies for improvement of the area.
It highlight available technologies and needs of additional research and extension
interventions for realizing envisaged goals of production and productivity.
The document clearly identify the key reasons for backwardness/development shortcomings
and address issues impeding agricultural development and realizing production/ productivity,
economic and livelihood goals.
Vision document also consider the emerging challenges and changing institutions.
Figure 2.1 : Format for writing vision document.
2.4 : Preparation of Vision document :
Preparation of Vision document require a full understanding about, infrastructure and
production/productivity of the area :
Growth of agriculture and allied sectors including conservation and management of natural
resources for sustained production
Availability and development of water sources especially irrigation.
Use of non-conventional energy
Agro-based industry including food-processing industry.
Annexure : The
process including
dates of meeting and
discussions.
Vision Document Medium Term
perspective
Development Issue Reasons for
Backwardness & issue
impending growth
Narrative Portrayal of
Vision
Vision statement
Preamble
Infrastructure including input output market needs
Education including high-tech knowledge in agriculture and allied sectors
Veterinary health services.
Augmentation of livestock, feed and fodder requirements.
Education including high-tech knowledge in agriculture and allied sectors as well as delivery
mechanism and technology transfer to the farmers.
Promoting bio-security to agriculture.
Poverty reduction and basic needs of LBs
Gender issues in relation to agriculture and allied sectors
Social justice to SC/ST, Persons with disability etc. and employment opportunities for the
people of the area
The vision also cover the possible local response to the changes taking place as a result of
national, state and private development efforts.
2.5 : Strategy
The strategy for development to be incorporated in the plan has to be developed keeping in
view the vision. Strategy could be defined as the methodology of bringing about changes indicated
by the Vision statement. Any strategy of development has five important steps to go through. First,
the Vision statement has to be differentiated into achievable goals across sectors and the emphasis
has to be on the sector that has better promise to impact the income and employment trends. Second,
the investment has to be placed keeping in view the trends in the returns across sectors and schemes.
In this process the introduction of innovative schemes to be carefully dealt and results of any pilot
studies on similar projects be utilized. Innovative schemes have to be carefully introduced and a
stepwise programme of introduction be given. Third, the location of the investment is an important
component of the strategy. Each planning unit may be disaggregated into three regions on the basis
of the experience of growth namely: High growth regions (regions with a good promise of
development), Medium Growth Regions (regions which could be improved with some efforts) and
Slow growth regions (regions that would require special attention for bringing these into mainstream
development). The location of the schemes and investment follow this pattern and SWOT analysis
will provide the necessary input for this. Fourth, the Planning team and the TSI be well equipped
with the indicators 12 on returns to investment across sectors. These parameters should be used to
guide the location of investment. Lastly, the strategy must have a time dimension and the investment
should be spread over the plan period keeping in view the changes in prices and ground conditions.
CHAPTER III
METHODLOGY AND PROCESS
3.1 Introduction :
The methodology of the Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) focus on
understanding the latent potential for development and identifying initiatives required. These
potentials treated as goals to be achieved with the available and additional resources.
In order to prepare the plan a statistical profile of the district. This lead to understanding of the
development perspective of the district and considering these and the Vision; a SWOT (Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis should be carried out. Here the Strengthsacross
the sectors of the district documented followed by the Weaknesses confronted in the existing pattern
of development. It will be essential to explore the Opportunities available in the district by
providing adequate incentives for groups or individuals. In all these processes, the district plan
document keep in view the probability of Threats confronting the district. The Agricultural
Planning Units broadly follow the SWOT analysis as the central tool for developing the document.
3.2 Formation of Agriculture planning Units:
Agriculture Planning requires much of technical support from experts in agriculture and allied
sectors. Therefore Agriculture Planning Units at different levels of Local Bodies constituted
involving a group of experts from various disciplines relevant to the needs of the area. Such units will
be named as Agriculture Planning Units. Accordingly, District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU), at
Zilla Parishad level should be constituted at the District level. Similar Units also be constituted at the
Block/Taluka Panchayat level (BAPU/TAPU) and Village Panchayat level (VAPU). These units
should assist the Panchayat Raj Institutions 14 (PRIs). The suggested structure of agriculture planning
units at different local bodies may be as under:
Figure 3.1 : District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU)
Chairperson
President of the Zilla Panchayat
Vise- Chairperson
Disrict Collector / District Magistrate
Representatives of SHG fed/FIGs/CIGs (2-3)
An Expert in Planning
An Elected Representative nominated by ZP
SAU/KVK (2-3)
Reputed NGO (1)
DDM of NABARD
District Agriculture Officer – Member Secretary.
District Informatics Officer (NIC)
Lead District Manager.
District planning Officer.
District Animal Husbandry Officer.
District Level Officers of all Allied Sectors
MEMBERS
CHAIRPERSON
PRESIDENT OF THE TALUKA / BLOCK / MANDAL.
MEMBER
Block Development Officer - Convener
An Elected Representative of Block Panchayat
An Expert in Planning
Figure 3.2 : Block or Taluka Agriculture planning Unit (BAPU / TAPU)
Block / Taluka Level Officers of Allied desciplines
District Planning Officer
Representative of bank
Block Level Agriculture Officer – Member Secretary
Representatives of FIGs / SHGs / CIGs (3-4)
Reputed NGOs at Blcok / Taluka level (1)
CHAIRPERSON
SARPANCH / PRESIDENT OF GRAM PANCH
MEMBERS
Figure 3.3 : Panchayat / Village Agriculture planning Unit (PAPU /VAPU)
3.2.1 Technical Support Institution (TSI):
TSI will have to be identified to provide necessary technical input and planning process
required for the preparation of C-DAP. TSI will provide all necessary inputs to DAPU for the
preparation of C-DAP.
3.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities of TSI:
To undertake capacity building of Planning Units and Planning Support Groups at all levels
for preparing plans for their respective areas.
To facilitate Planning Units at various levels during plan formulation.
To complement SIRDs or any other agency designated by the State Government.
To interact with Village/Block/District level LB governments. Farmer group specially
Live stock supervisor
Representatives of SHGs /FIGs / CISs (3-4)
Landless Labourers (1-2)
Experts Available locally (2-3)
Village dairy supervisor / Secretary of dairy
Village secretary / Gram sevak / Agriculture extention worker –
Secretary
progressive farmers, SHGs, NGOs of repute Banks and other financing agencies involved in
development activities in the area.
To prepare schedule of trainings / workshops/ meetings at various levels.
To develop material for trainings.
To demonstrate tools of planning like PRA, PlanPlus software of planning and help to use
these by stake holders.
To keep a regular contact with agriculture planning units during plan formulation activity at
various levels and do hand holding where ever needed.
To design exercise on collection of data, their analysis and their formats
TSI role is of a facilitator only in the process of preparation of this plan through participating
bottom-up process from the grass root level upwards and culminating into draft district plan.
3.3 Formulation of district Agriculture plan :
DAPU is responsible for preparation of a Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP)
with the help of TSI and planplus software package from NIC. The process of preparing the district
plan is divided into ten major stages. They are described in the following paragraphs. The steps are
indicative and modified or skipped depending upon the district’s requirements. The District Planning
process go through the following ten stages
I:Formulation of Vision Statement :
In this stage the aspirations and developmental needs of the district broadly spelt out
keeping a specific time frame for achievement. This Vision prepared at the district level in
consultation with all stake holders act as a guide to all concerned in preparation of the plan. Training
of Trainers? (ToT) for the Block/Taluk level Plan Coordinators organised by TSI, who coordinating,
supervising and analysing the panchayat/village level data. There will be two aspects of the training:
First the formats to be used, the sources of primary and secondary data, and methods of compilation.
Second the analysis and interpretation of the computed data.
II : Information Needs and Analysis
It is necessary to compile the indices which tell present the current status of the
district in various spheres of development vis-à-vis the state and the country. All the basic statistics of
the district used for working out the indices, like the population density, average land holdings,
health coverage etc. These can be compared 19 to the state?s/country?s averages. Based on SWOT
analysis, the needs and core sectors may be identified to focus on, for further development. These
indices will be made public in consultative meetings with the panchayats so that development
strategies could be decided collectively. Vision should be prepared and approved by the District
Planning Committee.
III : Discussion on the Vision:
It is important that all the planning units in the district appreciate the participative
methodology followed so that a feeling of ownership is created. The vision details should be given to
all the panchayats and they should discuss this in their meeting. If needed TSI should provide the
explanations needed by them on the document. The outcome of these discussions should be given
publicity in each village. Simultaneously, the block level Agricultural Planning Units who have been
trained at the district level should provide training to the village/panchayat data enumerators and
planners.
IV : Preparation of Participatory Panchayat Plans:
Panchayat/Village level planning will be the most important exercise in the
preparation of C-DAP. Panchayat/village level agriculture planning unit (PAPU/VAPU) shall ensure
the participation of all the sections of the people, specifically women and the disadvantaged sections
of the society. For proper planning at Gram Panchayat level, Gram Sabhas have to function
effectively. Their meetings would have to be representative of all people living in a Gram Panchayat.
Several States have devised consultative mechanisms below the Gram Sabha, such as Ward Sabhas
and Mahila Sabhas to ensure that every socio economic section is properly represented in the Gram
Sabha. Even so, the general picture is that meetings are few and far between and that attendance is
low, especially of weaker and disadvantaged sections. The following steps are suggested to be carried
out on a campaign mode to ensure good participation in Gram Sabhas and Ward Sabhas:
1. Dates for meetings to be determined in advance by the Panchayats
2.Notices to be printed and distributed and adequate awareness created through
display of notices in public places particularly about the responsibilities of the Gram and Ward
Sabhas in Plan formulation
3. Special interest groups such as SHGs etc., to be contacted for attending the Ward and Gram
Sabhas
4. Information to be given through NGOs, libraries, schools, anganwadis and cooperatives
functioning in the area about Ward and Gram Sabhas
5.Campaigns through National Service Scheme and Nehru Yuvak Kendra (NYK) volunteers, NCC
cadets and College students could be undertaken
6.House visits through squad work, particularly mobilized through the Ward member could be
arranged.
7.The Gram Panchayat nominating two facilitators one male and one female identified unanimously
for each Ward Sabha. These facilitators could also be earmarked for special training at the
Block/Municipal levels
8.Having a proper structure for the Gram and Ward Sabha with scope to break up into smaller
groups for discussion
9.It would be useful to meticulously keep records of the meetings, such as attendance register with
details, photographs, etc., wherever feasible.
10.PAPU/VAPU will get the basic data collected and analysed with the help of technical experts and
decide the interventions required for viable and cost effective activities based on the characteristics
of all natural and financial resources available. The detailed proforma for collecting necessary data
on agriculture and other sectors are given in Annexures.
The above activities could be organized in following steps:
Step 1: Collection and analysis of panchayat-wise primary data
Step 2: Discussion with the Gram Panchayats and groups based on Agro ecological conditions and
major activities.
Step 3: Developing options for each classified sector ? it may be agriculture, fisheries, animal
husbandry, plantation and horticulture etc.
Step 4: Locating and matching the resources with the needs identified in the above steps.
Step 5: Approval of the Gram Panchayat Plan by the elected body or by the authorities if the elected
body is not in office.
For this the TSI will meet PRIs, Farmers? Groups, NGOs, Credit Institutions and experts like
University Faculty etc. and using the primary and secondary data collected will carryout a detailed
analysis and suggest a design for a plan for developing the sector.
Some of the important activities could be as under:
Design of appropriate cropping pattern according to soil type and its fertility status.
Promotion of emerging Sectors like Horticulture, floriculture, trade-oriented crops
aromatic and medicinal plants etc.
Irrigation planning according to potential available with a view to maximize the
irrigation use efficiency by increasing the use of micro irrigation devices like sprinkler, drip,
etc.
Soil and water conservation activities to check the soil erosion and promoting water
harvesting.
Promoting Integrated Crop Management (ICM) to make farming more economical.
Promoting animal husbandry with the quality breeds for higher milk production and
also for draught power.
Planning for poultry and fisheries as per the potential available.
Providing adequate network for agricultural marketing. Commissioning of food
processing industries including small scale industries (fruit processing, canning, etc,)
Resourcepool
Resources available from various on going programmes as listed below are to be considered while
preparing C-DAP. State/Centrally sponsored schemes viz. National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (NREGS), Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF), Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana
(SGSY), Bharat Nirman, NHM, NFSM, NPCBB, NFDB, RKVY etc.
Tied and untied grants from Central and State Finance Commissions.
Externally aided projects.
MLA/MP LADs
Any other sectoral and district segments of the State Plan
Possible private initiatives across sectors.
Sub-Step1:Classifying each need into a matrix.
Discussions with people would throw up several needs such as irrigation, veterinary care, marketing
and transport infrastructure etc. Each of these will need to be classified sector wise. This will involve
prioritising the needs, identifying and suggesting the ways to augment the local resources of the
panchayats.
Sub-Step2:Assigning specific purpose grants:
Having classified the needs, the next step would be to identify the specific purpose grants that
address such needs and match these resources to each need.
Sub-Step3:Assigning part-untied funds:
Partly untied funds are available for certain purposes and allow for a certain measure of convergence
with other schemes. These funds can be used for gap filling within limits.
Sub-Step4:Assigning fully untied funds:
The final step is the placement of fully untied funds. These are typically own sources of revenue,
general or untied State Plan Grants, SFC grants. In this connection, it would also be very useful to
consider the assignment of nonmonetary contributions, such as voluntary labour, as fully or partly
untied resources. This work will be done by the VAPU/PAPU, which will also include the trained
block level plan coordinator.
Stage V: Integration of Village Panchayat Plans into a Block/Taluk Plan with the approval of
Taluka/Block Panchayat Samiti
The planning process at Block / Taluk level will be largely the aggregation of the village level
plans prepared by PAPU/VAPU and analysed in the context of broader perspective. The Block
Development Officer (BDO) will coordinate the compilation and aggregation of Panchayat/Village
Level Plans at block Level. The actual components would depend on the activity mapping for the
Taluk/ block level. This plan will also ensure the inclusion of initiatives required for development at
Taluk/Block Level, which are not captured at Panchayat/Village Level. The plans prepared and
aggregated should be approved by the Taluka / Block Panchayat Samiti. The Intermediate level
should also assist in various steps of planning at the panchayat/village level. While integrating the
panchayat/village level plans, it should be remembered to compile the data sector wise so that a
taluk/block plan is formulated. The taluk/block level units, which will include the block level plan
coordinator, will synthesize the taluk/block level plan. It will also take into account the inter
Panchayat/village issues and needs like common roads, power etc. The exercise of matching the
resources with the needs should be carried out the taluk/block level also.
Stage VI: Integration of Taluk/Block Plans into a district Plan:
Stage VII: Approval by Zilla Panchayat / Parishad
The steps in this stage will be
1. Sector wise aggregation of taluk/block plans and moderation
2. Identification of inter taluk/block proposals
3. Analysis of data and interpretation
4. Identification of critical areas and consultation with experts to finalise the solutions
5. Preparation of a document covering the above.
The Taluk / Block level plans will be placed before the Taluka or Block Panchayat Committees for
approval after it is technically scrutinized. It is expected that at the district level the District
Agricultural Planning Unit will constitute Technical Advisory Groups to analyse the data and
coordinate with experts so as to prepare the plan for 24 each sector. This group will consist of line
department officials, technical experts (either in service or retired), NGO etc. Only after the approval
by the Taluka / Block level Panchayat the plan will be forwarded to Zilla Panchayat.
Stage VII: Approval by Zilla Panchayat / Parishad
Article 243 ZD of the Constitution of India requires that the District Plan prepared by DAPU
Groups should be considered in detail by the District Panchayats / Zilla Panchayats. The District
Planning Committee will have to ensure this along with the interest of efficient use of resources there
has to be only one district plan prepared through a common planning process and not a set of separate
plans prepared in accordance with the guidelines of each programme. Thus, once the priorities are
identified, components pertaining to a particular sector could be taken up through schemes including
CSSs and that too as per the guidelines of those schemes except few modifications required if any.
Technical Advisory Groups may provide their assessments to the DPC and a considered decision will
be taken by the Zilla Parishad. DPCs while consolidating, should ensure following of the guidelines
to verifying whether the plans of local governments match the priorities outlined in their vision
documents. If DPC feel that modification of a Local Government plan is necessary, discussions
should be held with key representatives of the Local bodies and only after their approval the
necessary change may be made. If there is a dispute that cannot be sorted out locally, the matter may
be referred to the State Level Co-ordination Committee (this is constituted by each State) at the State
Level. A high degree of coordination between departments to ensure effective convergence of
government activities is required. At the district level too, departments still tend to work in isolation.
DPC should try and obtain converge around scheme related and untied funds.
Stage VIII: Submission of District Plan to State Government and Feedback to the
District/Panchayats:
After the clearance of the Plan by Zilla Parishad / Panchayat the Plan will be forwarded to the
State authorities. Since the district plan will have sector wise components, it will be necessary to
involve the line departments at the state level for compilation at state level. The planning process can
also be improved in the subsequent years by comparing with other districts of the state.
If major adjustments are needed in the plan to go with the objectives of the state government,
the plan may have to be modified by detailed discussions. It also calls for consultation with the
panchayats again.
Stage IX: Monitoring:
Once the plan is approved and taken for implementation, it will be necessary to closely
monitor the progress. Fort this, quarterly review of the physical and financial progress made is
necessary again at all levels. The discussions should be made public for every one to know the
progress made against the plan.
Stage X: Social Audit:
Institutionalising a system of social audit is essential for improving local service delivery. An
effective system of social audit will have to be based on two precepts, first, that service standards are
made public through citizens? charters and second, that periodic suo moto disclosure is made on
attainment of service delivery standards by Panchayats. Social audit processes are also important to
ensure effectiveness. Some do?s and don?ts in this regard are suggested below:
1. Social audit ought not to be individually prescribed for each scheme implemented by
Panchayats. A multiplicity of social audits separately prescribed for each scheme undermines
the importance of the process.
2. Adequate publicity will need to be given for social audit. It may be a good idea to provide
nodal officers to assist Panchayats in the proper conduct of social audit. 26 However, care
must be taken to ensure that such support does not give the impression that the Panchayat can
sidestep its own accountability.
3. Social audit ?action taken reports? have to be time bound and placed in the public domain. It
is a good idea to precede a social audit with the action taken on the previous social audit.
4. Opportunity has to be given to people to inspect the records of the Panchayat, particularly
their documentation on property lists, tax assessments and tax collected, measurement books
and muster rolls.
5. It would be a good idea for a higher level of Panchayat, such as the intermediate panchayat, to
provide details of the comparative performance of all Panchayats falling within its
jurisdiction, so that people can get an idea of where their Panchayat stands in respect of each
service delivered.
A system of social audit at the intermediate and district Panchayat levels is also required.
CHAPTER IV
SWOT ANALYSISI OF THANE DISTRICT
Introduction :
Thane district is one of the agriculture and horticulturally important district of
Maharashtra. The district is surrounded by Pune and Nagar district toward East. Palghar district
towards north, Mumbai and Raigad towards south. The district consist of 989 villages . District
consist of 5 Municipal corporation, Major rivers flowing in the district are Ulhaas, Kalu and Bhatsa
rivers.
District is know for the quality vegetables, and unique in Nagli production
Strenght :
Proximity to Mumbai and other Corporation area for Agril Marketing.
Soil suitable for horticultural crops & Agro forestry.
Assured rainfall Area
National highways, Railways, Coastal Transports and International Aero drum.
Existence of fruit processing plants.
Existence of Gram Vikas Mandal, SHG¨s.
Accessibility to Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
Dominant Fruit Crop Mango.
Active participation of woman’s in farm and allied activities.
Well Developed industrial belt and I.T. park.
35 % Forest Area.
Availability of good Quality of Natural grass and Crop residues.
Scope for waste land development.
Principal held crop of Thane district is paddy & Nagali & its mostly cultivated with traditional
approach greater scope for organic farming.
Large area available for soil conservation production.
Availability of dry fodder to rave cattle / buttles.
WEAKNESSES
Less Irrigated Area
Less awareness about available natural resources
Insufficient infrastructure facilities for storage and marketing
Poor roads and Rail transport facilities in the tribal areas.
Poor post harvest management at farmer’s field level.
No cooperative marketing approach amongst farmer.
Market for flowers and vegetables not Properly developed.
Farmers are not ready to bear risk in marketing of their produce and Inclination to sale out fruit
orchards before harvest at low prices to the contractors.
Poor research extension linkage.
Lack of farmer’s cooperation in developmental process.
Technological gap, leads to decrease in agricultural production.
Poor availability of Electricity for agriculture sector.
Huge population and Diversified Geographical area i.e. sagari, dongri and nagri.
Stray Cattle leads to less milk production and heavy losses in agril crops in rabi season.
More illiterate tribal population.
Migration of farmers to cities in large area.
Large no. of small and marginal farmer.
Degradation of sort fertility due to mono cropping.
Absence of Residnal Analysis laborator.
OPPORTUNITIES
Increasing demand for fresh and quality vegetables, flowers, fruits, Meat, Milk etc. in the
vicinity.
Possibility of area expansion under fruit crops, Vegetables, Exotic Vegetables.,
Flowers.
Scope for fodder development - area expansion
Scope for increasing productivity in each crop
Scope for Micro-irrigation systems In Horticultural crops.
Scope for organic farming sericulture, Agriculture.
Scope for Animal husbandry & Dairy science
Scope for history development.
Scope for public Private partnership.
Scope for Agro processing value addition & export.
Scope for soil & water conservation by integrated Watershed Development approach.
Scope for agro-Eco tourism.
THREATS
Fluctuating market prices, glut situation
Non judicious use of natural resources
Fast urbanization, industrialization.
Use of huge Quality of Fertile Soil for Brick Industries.
Use of Water for urban areas, Industries as well as drinking water purpose.
Irratic rain face and lack of water storage device.
Frequent occurrence of floods.
Migration of labour to urban area.
CHAPTER V
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR.
5.1 Introduction :
Thane district consist of 6 Tahasil. The major agriculture crop is paddy.
The average productivity of the district is 2509 kg per/ha. Less plan population per sq.meter attack of
peast and disease. Traditional transplanting,lack of balace fertilizer application and lack of protective
irrigations are the major problem in the rice production system
5.2 Land Use Pattern :
The total geographic area of Thane district 375650 ha. According to 2011-12 the Land use
pattern indicate that 39.95% is under cultivation while 40.30%. is under forest.. The 5.80%. is
uncultivable follow land. while 1.54 % is culturable waste land of the total geographical area. Area
sown more than once is 1.78% and the cropping .intensity of the district is 101.78%.
39.95
36.91
6.18
4.27
2.43 5.8
1.54
1.541.66
2.17
Land Utilization
Net Area Sown
Area under forest
Land under non agril use
Permanent Grazing
Miscellaneous Plantation
Barren and uncultivable land
Culturable Waste
Current follow
Other follow
Saline Soils
Land Holding Pattern :
There are There percent according to land holding is shown as below :
Sr.
No.
Description
(Size of holding )
No. of
Holders
Percentage to
Holders
Area in
Ha.
Percentage
to area
1 Less than 1 ha. 74858 61.00 28490 17.00
2 1 ha. to 2 ha. 23989 20.00 34863 20.00
3. 2 ha. to 4 ha. 14728 12.00 42608 25.00
4. 4 ha. to 10 ha. 7445 6.00 46351 27.00
5. Above 10 ha. 1213 1.00 19780 11.00
Total 122233 172092
(From district social & Economical Survey Report )
The total no. of holdings in the district is 122233with an area of 172092Ha. The no. of
marginal farmers is near about half of the total holdings & No. of small farmers 21.58 % so it can
imagine that how it is a challenging task for planning & development & for evolving suitable
technologic & policy measures.
5.3 Soil Health :
The Major portion of earth crust of the district is synthesised from the Besultic rocks. The
Soils of Thane district divided into two categories first one is Vertisol i.e. black soil containing sand
which present Thane Tahasils. Second one is Brownish black soil mostly observed in the plains of
Bhivandi, Kalyan & Shahapur Tahasils.
The use of fertilizers is related to productivity of crops. In Thane district fertilizers are provided by
State Co-operative Marketing Federation , Co-operative Societies & private dealers . The
consumption of chemical fertilizer during 2003-04 was 41093 Met. Ton. The average chemical
fertilizer consumption of the district was 110.64 kg/Ha.
The fertilizer consumed during 2003-04 was as below :
Urea - 29320 M. Ton.
20-10-10 - 1569 M. Ton
15-15-15 - 4718 M. Ton.
Other Mix fertilizers - 4586 M. Ton.
5.4 Water resources and management :
Out of total cultivable area 2066 ha area is under irrigation. The district is having One major
project project having command area of 900 Ha. respectively. Besides these there is 15 small
project. Project of capacity 966 Ha.
5.5 Major crops and Varieties in the district :
Net sown area of the district is 371400 ha. Which is 39.95% of the total geographical area of
the district. Paddy is major crop grown in the district. While Nagali & Warai are the other cereals
grown in the district. The total area under cereals was 91.00%. The total area under pulses is 8.34% .
The Major Pulses grown are Udid, Field Bean, Red Gram & Bengal Gram. Area under Oil seeds very
low in compare to other districts.
Sr. No. Crops Area in 00 ha. Yied /kg/ha
1) Paddy 55183 2508
2) Tur 491
3) Mung 179 2148
4) Udid 939
5) Sesamum 135 690
6) Vegetables 4223
7) Fruit Crop 2245
8) Flowers 355
Total 63750
Fruit and Vegetables:
The climate of Thane district is suitable for fruit & Vegetable crops. The Mango, Suppota,
Banana etc. Fruits Chilly, Ginger , Turmic etc. spices , coconut, Cashew nut, Areca nut, etc.
Plantation crops are grown in the district. Area & production of these corps shown as under.
Area & Production of important horticulture crops
Name of the Crops Area (in Ha.) Productive Area
(Ha.)
Production (M. Ton.)
Mango 1768 1768 12
Sapota 9205 143 85146.25
Banana 93 25 2343.6
Cashew 1515 136 924.15
Coconut 1935 103 65.18 (nuts)
Spices 60 - 93449.50
Vegetables 6920 - 76893
This Area under Horticulture crops is less in regards to the climate of district as climate in
the district offers opportunities to produce the wide range of Horticulture Spices & Medicinal Plants.
In mango maximum area is under Alphaso Variety which is Alternet in bearing Hence there is need
to promote regular bearing Varieties like Keshar. There is need to develop nurseries for easy
availability of quality planting material.
As there is such a large area under horticulture the farmer should insure for marketing of
these fruits. There is need to developed adequate marketing & post harvest facilities like cold
storage, grading , packaging & processing etc.
Availability of grafts and supports services :
At present there are 9 nurseries including Govt. & Private sector.
There is need to develop nurseries of high yielding & regular bearing varieties of these
crops. Particularly of Mango crop.
Medicinal Plant :
The atmosphere of Thane district is also favorable to produce wide range of medicinal plants
like Jamun, Bhui Awala, Safed Musali, Gulwel, Bramha etc. There is need for setting up an exclusive
production and training center for farmers in the district for cultivation of these crops. There is need
to create awareness within farmers regarding the importance of these crops. There is also need to
create nurseries for quality planting material and efforts to develops market.
5.6 Input management :
Marketing & Storage Facility :
There are 8 agriculture produce market commities in the district. & 20 sub market yard with
58 rural godowns , having a storage capacity approximately 40000 M. Ton. in addition there are 66
Ice Plant, 66 Cold storages and 10 Freezing plants.
Sr. No. Name of Market Yard No. of Sub Market
Yard
1. Shahapur 3
2. Murbad 3
3. Bhivandi 3
4. Vasai 8
5. Palghar 1
6. Kalyan -
7. Ulhasnagar 2
8. Dhahanu -
Total 20
Paddy is the major agriculture produce is marketed in these yards. During 2003-04 total
arrival paddy was 100365 M.ton of Cost. Rs. 74776000/-
Credit Facility :
There are 20690 Co-operative societies in the district. 408 are Agril. Primary Co-operative
credit societies in the district with of 182810 members. No. of borrowers was 24496. The financial
assistance given by agril co-operative societies was Rs. 158724000 as short term , 160150000 as
medium term, 2277000 as long term loan.
The Thane district Central Co-operative Bank has 75 branches in the district.. Having 4373
members. Loan distributed for agriculture was 2540.11 lack. for kharif & 124.05 for rabbi. 4033 SHG
are registered in the DCC Bank.
Besides this DCC Bank there is the Thane district Agriculture & Rural Development Co-
Operative Bank Ltd. and Urban Co-operative Bank. and other 19 Co-operative Banks in the district.
5.7 Farm mechanization / Farm equipments :
Paddy is the major crop which is grown in the district along with varai and nagli in kharip and
vegetables in rabi summer season.Fruits crops like mango ,suppota, cashew are also grown. Paddy
crop is labour intensive and there is always scarcity of labours. With increase in production cost and
labour wages paddy is no becoming unaffordable crop. To over come the labour problem farm
mechanizations is only the subsituate. Orchard management is also simplified by mechanization.
Emphasis is given to promote farm mechanization through mission on farm mechanization.
5.8 Special projects / Programs in the District :
Tandul / Dhanya mahostav :
Paddy is the major crop in the district murbad zini and wada colom are the two traditionally grown
local cultivars which has great demand from the city consumers due to there aroma and test. As the
minimum support prize of the paddy is less traditional farmers don’t get assured income from the
crop. If the paddy is process and supported by producer to consumer direct marketing farmers will be
benefited. Considering this fact Tandul mahostav is being organized in the district from last two
years which has got very positive response from the city consumers. It also helps in consumer to
producer direct linkages and profitability of the farmer; it is plan to organize more such events in the
district.
5.9 Constraint analysis:
Sr No Name of
crop
Specific problem Solution
proposed
Reasons for non-
adoption
Strategy Proposed
1 Paddy I) Low seed
replacement rate
Use of quality
seeds
1)Traditional mind set
2)Less availability
3)Low purchase powe
Gram bij utpadan ,
seeds distribution
system upto village
level, timely capital
availibility
II) Conventional
agriculture
practices
Use of chaar
sutri, drum
seeder, SRT ,
paddy planter,
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
III) Crop loss due
to improper plant
protection
Use of
recommended
package of
practices , IPM ,
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
IV) Yield reduction
due to improper
fertilizer
application
Use of
recommended
package of
practices, Urea
DAP bricqets,
Organic
manures INM.
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
2 Finger
Millet
Non availability of
improved / hybrid
seeds ,
Crop
improvement
research new
varieties
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Crop improvement
research new
varieties
2) Improper
transplanting
Proper
transplanting
maintaining
plant population
line sowing.
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
3) Non use of
organic and
chemical fertilizers
and plant
protection schedule
Use of
recommended
package of
practices, INM /
IPM
1 )Trational mind set
2) Lack of awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
3 Mango Neglected
orchards
Use of
recommended
package of
practices, INM /
IPM
1 )Trational
mind set
2) Lack of
awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
2)
Uncontrolled
growth and
unproductive
orchards
Rejuvenation 1 )Trational
mind set
2) Lack of
awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.and
rejuvenation
campaign
4 Cucur
bitious
Vegetables
1)Improper
management
Scheme for
Mandap
(paragola)
1 )Trational
mind set
2) Lack of
awareness
3) Financial
constraint
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
2) Improper
test and
disease
management
Use of INM and
IPM as per
reccomandation
1)Trational
mind set
2) Lack of
awareness
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
5 Rabi
summer
pulses
Amarvel Amarvel
nirmulan
abhiyan
1)Trational
mind set
2) Lack of
awareness
3) Financial
constraint
Organizing
trainings
demonstrations
FFS.
5.10 Recommended intervention for the district with detail action plan with cost:
Sr.
No. Name Of The Scheme
Ongoing
scheme
New propose
(Infrastructure)
New
Propose
(Production) TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Agriculture
1. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for cereal Development
programme
105.00 0.00 0.00 105.00
2. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for Rice festival 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00
3. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for PHT (storage structure) 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00
4. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for Unseasonal rains 0.00 0.00 15.00 15.00
5. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for Demostration Drum seader 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30
6. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for Nagli, warai production and
Processing
25.67 0.00 0.00 25.67
7. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for Marketing support to farmer
group for Nagli processing
0.00 4.00 0.00 4.00
8. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for National oil seed
development programm
4.50 0.00 0.00 4.50
9. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for mulching for oil seed 0.00 0.00 2.30 2.30
10. Proposead Financial Out-
lay for National food security
mission (Pulse)
112.02 0.00 0.00 112.02
11. Proposead Financial Out-
lay in tur plantation on bunds 0.00 0.00 4.00 4.00
12. Proposead Financial Out-
lay for Pulse seed distribution 0.00 0.00 40.00 40.00
13. Proposead Financial Out-
lay for PHT( godown) 0.00 0.00 4.00 4.00
14. Proposead Financial Out-
lay for Amarvel nirmulan 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
15.Proposead Financial out-lay
for soil testing 24.95 0.00 0.00 24.95
16. Proposead Finanacial out
lay in mission for distribution
for soil health cards
0.00 0.00 22.53 22.53
17.Proposead Financial out-lay
for strenghtning/ creation of
infrastructure at agri polyclinic
centre
0.00 0.00 150.00 150.00
18.Proposead Financial out-lay
for Farmer field school 9.52 0.00 0.00 9.52
19.Assistant to Agriculture
interpreneurs for establishment
of agro information/ production/
processing unit and agro eco
tourisum center.
0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00
20.Proposead Financial out-lay
for strenghtning for taluka seed
form
13.00 0.00 0.00 13.00
21.Propose Financial out-lay for
Farm machanisation 150.00 0.00 0.00 150.00
22.Proposed Finanacial out lay
for crop peste servilance and
vigilance
50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00
TOTAL 494.66 129.00 279.13 902.79
2 HORTICULTURE
1. Proposead Financial Out- lay
in improving mango prodection 50.00 54.00 0.00 104.00
5. Proposead Financial Out- lay
in improving Irrigation
prodction
0.00 200.00 0.00 200.00
6. Proposead Financial Out- lay
in improving irrigation Plant 100.00 25.00 150.00 275.00
7. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for government Nursury
development
50.00 50.00 50.00 150.00
8. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for horticulture Development
through NHM
300.00 0.00 0.00 300.00
9. Proposead Financial Out- lay
for post harvest management in
horticulture
300.00 0.00 0.00 300.00
10. Proposead Financial Out-
lay for stone Finishing 0.00 200.00 0.00 200.00
11.Proposed Financial out-lay
for for mandap ( pargola) for
cucur bit.
0.00 500.00 0.00 500.00
TOTAL 800.00 1029.00 200.00 2029.00
3
Proposed Financial out lay for
Inseciside testing laboratory
(Building construction)
0.00 238.15 0.00 238.15
TOTAL 0.00 238.15 0.00 238.15
4 SOIL CONSERVATION 12000.00 0.00 0.00 12000.0
0
TOTAL 12000.00 0.00 0.00 12000.00
5 Proposead Financial out-lay
for Social forestry
A) vanmohstav 55.00 0.00 0.00 55.00
B) Central nursery 28.19 0.00 0.00 28.19
C) suru plantation 106.42 0.00 0.00 106.42
D) Campa road side plantation 169.48 0.00 0.00 169.48
TOTAL 359.09 0.00 0.00 359.09
6 Proposead Financial out-lay
for Animal husbundary
A)Establishment of Gokul
under Rashtriya Gokul Mission 0.00 1000.00 0.00 1000.00
B)Establishment of Mobile
Extention Centers for publicity
of govt. schemes and creation of
awareness among farmers at
District level.
0.00 150.00 0.00 150.00
C)Eastablishment of mibile
extension centers for publicity
of govt. schemes & creation of
awareness among farmers at
regional level.
0.00 75.00 0.00 75.00
Supply of Mini setter &
Hatchers of 5000 eggs capacity 0.00 106.00 0.00 106.00
D)Mobile marketing units for
poultry meat and eggs,subsidy
ceiling Rs. 3.75 lakh per unit.
0.00 200.00 0.00 200.00
E)faciliating market linkage for
live birds. Animals,subsidy
ceiling Rs.2.00 lakh per unit.
0.00 200.00 0.00 200.00
F)Introduction of Power driven
chagg cutter 0.00 60.00 0.00 60.00
G)Supply of veterinary mobile
units cum diagnostic
laboratories
0.00 24.00 0.00 24.00
H)Modernization of veterinary
Dispensaries, Gr.-1 for online
data entry.
0.00 12.10 0.00 12.10
I)Establishment of training
centre for field veterinsrians for
reproductive health
management of livestock
through assisted reproductive
technology.
0.00 1815.00 0.00 1815.00
J)A.I.Delivery system Under
RKVY 0.00 0.00 150.00 150.00
K)Clean Milk production
through supply of milking
machines to famrjer on 25%
subsidy
0.00 0.00 62.50 62.50
L)Assistance to farmers for
promotion of integrated
livestock farming on 25%
subsidt
0.00 0.00 1250.00 1250.00
M)Distribution of ofdder seed 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00
N)Establishment of silage
making unit 0.00 0.00 60.00 60.00
M)Fodder production from
fallow lands 0.00 0.00 60.00 60.00
O)Establishment of
Hydroponics fodder production
unit
0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00
P)Establishment of A Azolla
production unit 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00
TOTAL 0.00 3642.10 1672.50 5314.60
7 Proposead Financial Out-
lay for Fishery department
1.Establishment of fish seed
farm 22.00 0.00 0.00 22.00
2.Fish farming in ponded water 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00
3.Fish farmers development
agencies 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
4.Brackish fish farmer
development agencies 6.00 0.00 0.00 6.00
5.machanisation of fishing craft 270.00 0.00 0.00 270.00
6.Assistant to purchase of ibm /
obm engine for non machanised
boats
0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
7.Rebit on electricity to
fishermen co.op society 0.00 0.00 55.00 55.00
8.Creation of basic
infrastructure of loading centers 0.00 1300.00 0.00 1300.00
9.Preservation and
transportation and marketing of
fish
50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00
10.Development of fisheries
co.op societies 0.00 3.00 0.00 3.00
11.Financial assistant on fishery
requisites 125.00 0.00 0.00 125.00
TOTAL 483.00 1303.00 75.00 1861.00
8
Financial outlay proposed for
Agriculture development
officer
1. Tribal sub plan 791.00 0.00 0.00 791.00
2.Other Tribal subplan 331.00 0.00 0.00 331.00
3.Special component plan 82.50 0.00 0.00 82.50
4.DPDC sponsered plant
protection scheme (fruit
crops)
9.00 0.00 0.00 9.00
TOTAL 1213.50 0.00 0.00 1213.50
9 Financial outlay proposed for
DAMO
1. Agri. Festival 0.00 1.80 0.00 1.80
2.APMC Infrastructure
Development 0.00 0.00 4428.07 4428.07
3.R.O. Plants & Eco toilets for
APMCs 0.00 0.00 45.00 45.00
TOTAL 0.00 1.80 4473.07 4474.87
10 Bombay veterinary college
Establishment of Animal
trauma and critical care centre
at Bombay Veterinary College
for rapid diagnosis, treatment
and Maintenance of production
in livestock
0.00 953.00 0.00 953.00
Establishment of Veterinary
Clinical biochemistry laboratory
and training centre
0.00 39.25 0.00 39.25
Establishment of stem cell
research laboratory and
treatment facility
0.00 382.41 0.00 382.41
Establishment of advanced
diagnostic imagining centre for
accurate diagnosis of diseases in
large and small animals for
effective treatment and training
to field veterinarians.
0.00 293.96 0.00 293.96
Development of cadaver
preservation techniques for
education, research and
extension activities.
0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00
Strengthening / modernization
of department of Pathology for
establishment of advanced
poultry disease diagnostic
centre and training to field
veterinarians and poultry owner
on poultry disease diagnosis and
control.
0.00 165.37 0.00 165.37
Establishment of
epidemiological laboratory for
zoonotic disease diagnosis with
special reference to
Leptospirosis.
0.00 159.70 0.00 159.70
Training program on legal
aspects of Veterinary forensic
medicine.
0.00 13.60 0.00 13.60
Strengthening and
modernization of existing
facility of Gamma Scintigraphy
and radio isotope laboratory of
department of Veterinary
Nuclear medicine.
0.00 474.00 0.00 474.00
Strengthening of Livestock
Health Diagnostic Laboratory. 0.00 138.92 0.00 138.92
Strengthening of
histopathology and
immunohistochemistry
laboratory, Establishment of
Molecular Diagnostic Facility
and Training Centre for Field
Veterinarians.
0.00 210.43 0.00 210.43
Scientific rearing of Buffalo
calves for breeding/ meat
purpose in Mumbai District.
0.00 175.40 0.00 175.40
Upliftment of tribal population
of Palghar District by skill
Development through training
and Scientific Goat Farming.
0.00 61.38 0.00 61.38
TOTAL 0.00 3117.42 0.00 3117.42
TOTAL 15350.25 9460.47 6699.70 31510.4
2
5.11 Projected outcome and growth rate during the next plan period:
5.12 Researchable issue:
CHAPTER VI
Allied Agriculture Sector.
Involvement of Line Department in Agriculture Development :
1) Animal Husbandry & Dairy Science:
Being a supplementary occupation, the Animal husbandry as special significance to large no.
of small & marginal farmers. and as large area under grasses is available in the district. There is wild
scope for animal husbandry & dairy development. According to 2011 animal census population of
different animals is as below :
Sr. No. Type of Animal Breed Population
1 Plough Animals Cross Breed
Indigenous
2. Dairy Animals Breedable Cows
Cross breed
Indigenous
3. Buffalos Pure Breed
Non Discreet
4.. Sheep Local
5. Goat Local
6. Poultry Local
Thane is neighboring district to Mumbai having huge market for every commodity . So there is
wide scope for supply of Milk, Mutton & chicken eggs to the cities like Mumbai, Thane, Nashik
etc. The poultry farmers will get return through out the year. So the youth from urban & rural area
are adopting this business. There is need to develop back yard poultry in rural area among marginal &
small farmers.
There is also good scope for dairy development in the district.
The veterinary facility available in district is as below :
1. Veterinary Polyclinics - 1
2. Taluka mini Polyclinics - 6
3. Mobile Clinic - 2
4. Veterinary Dispensaries Grade - I - 63
5. Veterinary Dispensaries Grade - II - 623
6. Key Village Units - 26
7. Veterinary AID Centers - 62
8. Artificially Insemination Center - 146
Dairy :
Presently milk procurement of the district is near about ………liters per day. There are 141
Co-Operative dairy societies registered in the district.. There is one district Co-operative milk union
collecting milk from district. There are two Govt. owned chilling plants one at Saralgaon of capacity
10000 litters per day and other at Dapchari of capacity 20000 litters per day.
Fisheries:
The district is having 112 Km. long costal area. The total Sea water spread area available for Fish
production. 10512 Sq. Km. The Major Centre in the district for fisheries are Uttan, Dongari Chowk,
Wasai, Naigaon , Arnala, Satpatti, Murbe, Dhakati, Dahanu etc. there are 51 fish co-operative
societies. The number of mechanized Boats 2717 while non Mechanized Boats are 3135. Fish
production during 2002-03 was 72297 M.Ton. (Aprox. ) of cost Rs. 219.14 Crore.
There are 57 Ice plant, 10 cold storage unit of capacity 168 M. Ton.
Aqua Culture Fisheries :
Bhatsa , Vaitarna, Surya, Tansa, Ulhas, Barvi etc. rivers has 614 km running in the district
which is used for fisheries. 58 societies are register this area. The fish production in this area during
2003-04 was 3000 M. Ton. of cost Rs. 780 Lack..
Khar Land Water Fisheries :
Total Khar land available in the district is 3500 Ha. The total project for fish conservation in
this area are 43 which occupies 793.75 Ha. area. The Govt. Land is given on lease to the
beneficiaries. 121 beneficiaries have been allocated 2165 Ha. Govt. Land for Fisheries. There is
39.75 Ha. private Khar land developed for fish culture.
During 2003-04 fish production under khar land water was 211 M. Ton. of cost Rs. 506 Lack.
The fisheries in sea water is well established in Thane district while there is more scope for
the development of Aquaculture in the district. There is need to create awareness regarding
aquaculture & its important. Amongs the fisherman of the area.
Transport and communication:
In the district lines of western railway & Central Railway are spread over on 286.4 km. long.
Railway lines runs from Thane – Vasai- Palghar and Dhahanu Tahashils of the district. While the
central rail lines runs through Thane, Kalyan, Ulhas Nagar, & Shahapur Tahashils. The information
regarding road in the district, reveals that the total length of road is 6350 km. Out of which 2877 Km
are under municipal corporations . At the end of 31 march 2004 total registered vehicle was 964759
out of which 1085 were busses of MSRTC. The income from busses was 164 crores to MSRTC
during 2003-04.
There are 426 post offices & 49 telegraphic offices in the district. Total telephonic
connection in the district are 855771 at the end of 2004..
Issues and Challenge
land fragmentation,
economic backwardness,
Traditional farming,
Poor knowledge level about agribusiness and marketing are weaknesses of
Agriculture.
Monoculture,
low productivity,
rain fed farming,
Traditional mentality,
Stray Cattles
are the hurdles in the agriculture progress of the district.
CHAPTER VII
Annexure
Type of Data /Information to be Collected and Analysed at Various
Levels
I. Collection of Data/information-
A. Panchayat Level.
The types of primary data to be collected and analysed are given in the
village format furnished in Annexure VI (A).
B. Taluk/District Level Data Requirement
The type of secondary data to be collected and analysed at Taluk or district level are
given in Annexure VI (B).
1. Basic Data
General Information – (Table- 1)
2. Land
Land Utilisation data (Table- 2)
Land Capability Classification (Table –3)
Land Holding Pattern (Table- 4) 3. Soils
Soil Fertility/ Nutrition Status (Tables- 5 & 6)-
Problem Soils- Salinity/ Alkalinity affected Soils (Table- 7)
4. Weather/ Moisture/ Water
Weather Data (Table- 8 & 9)
Sources of Irrigation (Table- 10)-
Water analysis report (Table-11)
5. Occurrence of Natural Calamities and Safety Nets available (Table- 12)
6. Crop cultivation
Infrastructure/ Support Service available and planned
o Information regarding Seed and Planting Material Production
facilities and their performance (Tables- 13,14& 15)
o Soil Testing facilities - (Table- 16)
o Agri- Polyclinics (Table- 17)
o Training facilities for farmers and staff (Tables18,19&20)
o Service Centres - (Table- 21)
o Basic Marketing Infrastructure (Table- 22)
o Farm level Storage available (Table- 23)
Season- wise Area, Production and Productivity of all Crops (Tables- 24,25, 26,
27&28)
Input use and planning-
o Seed Replacement Rates (Table- 29 – district level)
o NPK Consumption and planning (Table- 30 & 31)
o Use of Plant Protection measures(Table-32)
o Use of modern Tools/ Equipment/ Mechanisation (Table 33 & 34)
o Micro irrigation and protective irrigation plan (Table 35 & 36)
o Credit and insurance facilities available and use from different sources
(table 37, 38, 39 &40)
Watershed Activities
o Covering soil survey programmes (Table – 41)
o Area available for watershed development and plan (Table –42)
o Technologies for in situ conservation plan (Table – 43)
Proposed plan for plan
o Soil testing programme (Table-44)
o Organic input production (Table-45)
o IPM demonstration (Table – 46)
o INM demonstrations (Table – 47)
o Varietal demonstration (Table –48)
o Farmers’ Field schools (Table-49)
o Tools utilized for improving crop production (Table- 50)
o Crop diversification plan (Table-51)
o Additional area to be brought under organic farming (Table – 52)
o Area expansion plan –horticulture (Table-53)
o Rejuvenation plan for horticulture crops (Table-54)
7. Sericulture
Sericulture information (Table – 55)
Proposed physical and Financial targets for sericulture (Table –56)
8. Live Stock information
Live Stock Census data (Table- 57)
Veterinary support facilities available (Table- 58)
Infrastructure, Milk Chilling etc and markets for Livestock
Production and Yield levels (Table – 59)
Proposed physical and financial programme of AH Dept including dairy.
(Table –60)
9. Fisheries
Resources information (Table 61)
Source wise water spread area in the district (Table – 62)
Projections for fish production, seed to be stocked and hatchery required for
plan (Table – 63)
Financial targets and achievements during X plan for fisheries development
(Table-64)
Projected outlay for plan ( Table-65)
10. Agro processing
Agro processing centres in the district (Table-66)
Marketing infrastructure plan ( Table-67)
Milk processing
11. Social Forestry
Action plan for social forestry (Table – 68)
12. Small Scale Industry
Product wise no. of SSI units in the district (table-69)
Action plan for KVI programmes (Table-70)
Progress of DIC during X plan (Table-71)
Action plan for DIC during plan(Table-72)
13. Handloom Sector
Financial achievements during X plan for handloom (Table –73)
Details of the proposed industries under handloom &Textiles (Table-74)
14. Group Organisations in the District
Farmers clubs, SHGs, Krishi Vigyan Mandals, Community groups (table-75)
15. Achievements of Schemes
Achievements under district sector schemes (Table-76)
Achievements under state sector schemes (Table-77)
16. Physical and Financial Programme under CDAP during plan
II. Analysis of Data/ Information and Outcome Planning
The basic approach envisaged is to look at the resource endowments of the
district, assessing the present levels of utilization of resources, production, productivity,
sustainability, etc., and drawing up a SWOT Analysis for the district. The plans drawn
up would be essentially to capitalize on the strengths and opportunities, treats the
weaknesses and threats as challenges to overcome. The driving consideration in this
entire exercise would be planning for ‘outcomes’- the desired state of affairs, as
compared to the traditional method of planning outlays. Some of possible outcome
planning possibilities are listed below:
Land Utilisation patterns in conjunction with ownership information could be used
effectively for planning for providing common facilities.
Appropriate legal/ legislative measures could be considered to facilitate
leasing/ other arrangements to facilitate public- private partnerships for
delivering common facilities, use of unused public resources, etc.
Appropriate use of land according to capability classification to be kept in view
for sustainable development
Completion of surface water irrigation projects and planning for optimal
exploitation of groundwater resources to be given thrust for increasing cropping
intensity
Interventions to increase Irrigation/ Water Use efficiency for crops
Desiltation of ponds, tanks, water bodies, etc.
Yield Gaps for all important crops to be assessed and interventions planned to
reduce such Gaps
The reasons for the Yield Gaps and the interventions required are to be
planned using participatory/ consultative processes, involving all
concerned stakeholders
While the interventions to reduce the Yield Gaps will be based on the felt needs
of the farming community, these interventions could include
Soil Testing campaigns/ projects
Soil conservation and in- situ moisture conservation interventions
Need- based use of manures, fertilizers and other inputs
Interventions in production and supply of quality seeds
Farm implements/ equipment and machinery for farm efficiency
Extension/ Training/ Demonstration support
Interventions for post- Harvest support, marketing arrangements
These should take into account the existing storage and market
infrastructure, their sufficiency and come out with the plans to make
good the deficiencies
Alternate land use, crop diversification, etc., could be planned based on technical
and market considerations
A cogent plan may be prepared for the animal husbandry, dairying and fisheries
sectors taking into consideration the high growth rates of these sectors. These
plans could take into consideration, the following aspects:
The present position of the sector, the potential for growth and the
impediments in the way of achieving such growth rates.
The plans prepared for these sectors would be by way of interventions
that need to be made to remove the impediments identified.
The impediments could be inputs supply, marketing, training/ extension
support, etc.
A major thrust of the planning exercise would be in the area of Public- Private
Partnerships to provide the required inputs and services.
VI (A)1: Contents of Proforma for Gram Panchayat Plan
1 Socio-Economic background of the population in GP
1.1 Socio-economic background of the households in each village in GP
1.2 Poverty status of the households by social groups
1.3 Literacy rates by sex and caste groups in each village in GP
2 Agricultural Sector
2.1 Land use particulars for latest year
2.2 Sources of irrigation for latest year
2.3 Performance of tanks in the GP
2.4 Conditions of irrigation wells
2.5 Area under crops including horticulture
2.6 Average yield of major crops in the village
2.7 Area suffering from low yields, reasons and solutions in the GP
2.8 Lands having problems like water logging, soil erosion, etc. and possibilities of its use 2.9 Application of chemical fertilisers for different crops
2.1 Problems in procuring agricultural inputs and solutions
2.11 Sources of draft power
2.12 Other problems in agriculture and solutions
3 Animal husbandry, dairy and Fisheries
3.1 Livestock population by species and quality
3.2 Milk yield per day by species and quality
3.3 Marketing of milk
3.4 Availability of fodder and water for animals
3.5 Constraints for increasing milk production in the village
3.6 Poultry and fishing activities in the village
3.7 Potential livestock activities and the support needed
4 Accessibility of Socio-economic facilities
5 Education
5.1 Primary school enrollment in each village in the GP
5.2 Infrastructure available and additionally needed in primary schools
5.3 Infrastructure available and additionally needed in government or aided high schools
5.4 Infrastructure available and additionally needed in government or aided junior college
6 Housing, drinking water, sanitation, roads and electricity
6.1 Houses by type of roof in each village in the GP
6.2 Total number of houseless population
6.3 Houses constructed under IAY during the previous year
6.4 Sources of drinking water and water borne diseases in the village
9.1 GP perspective plan under NREGS
6.5 Problems with the available sources of drinking water
6.6 The availability of public latrines and the additional needs
6.7 Maintenance of public latrines
6.8 Improvements to roads needed
6.9 Electricity connections, power supply and households without power supply
7 Self Help Groups
7.1 Particulars of self help groups
7.2 Details of inactive groups and interventions needed , if any
7.3 Economic activities taken up by the SHGs
7.4 Participation of SHGs in government schemes
8 Small Scale and Cottage Industries
9 Working of NREGS and other poverty alleviation programmes in the GP
9.1 GP perspective plan under NREGS
9.2 Implementation of NREGS during last year
9.3 Employment outcomes of the NTRGS during 2006-07
9.4 Lean seasons for of wage labour and employment needed in each period
9.5 Problems faced by beneficiaries of other poverty alleviation programs
10 Important felt needs in each village in the Gram Panchayat
11 Financial resources of the Gram Panchayat
11.1 Demand and collection of various taxes in the Gram Panchayat
11.2 Other actual and potential sources of income
11.3 Outside funds spent in the GP
12 Schemes identified to be included in the GP plan with a division into GP Plan Schemes and Block level schemes
68
CHAPTER VII
District Plan
7.1 Introduction
During the last two decades, the agricultural situation in the district has undergone a
qualitative change. The present approach of the farmers is inadequate for familiarizing the entire
family with modern agricultural technology. Thane district is near to Mumbai and sub-urban. It is
a challenge to agrarian community to produce to fulfill the increasing demand of the city
population. Multiple cropping increasing production and productivity and demand driven
production is the challenge. With increasing civilization agriculture land is reducing day by day.
Changing traditional mind set of farmers and general reluctance of new generation towards
farming is also a challenge. Farm mechanization , protective cultivation, crop per drop of water,
INM and IPM agro processing and marketing are the areas for agriculture development. This can
be possible by providing extension services and other services mentioned below to achieve the
targeted growth rate of 5.7 % in agricultural sector.
7.2 Growth Drivers
Agriculture
The crop productivity can be increased by providing the irrigation at the critical stages of
the crop growth by adopting micro irrigation technology. The increased response of the
farmers towards adoption of micro irrigation technology needs to be immediately
addressed. This will enhance the crop productivity.
Farm mechanisation is an important driver of the district as the timely redressel of farm
operations under the present labour crisis situation holds the key to successful farm
output. For the better crop growth farm mechanisation becomes an imperative. Also,
providing assistance to the bullock drawn implements will result in better output levels on
account of timely farm operation.
Agro processing is only the way to make farming profitable and sustainable and to
overcome the problems like low production, poor prices and lack of post harvest and
packing facilities supported by producer to consumer direct marketing facilities .
Soil health needs to be maintained as it is the basic requirement of the crop productivity.
It is critically monitored by testing soil samples and distribution of soil health cards. This
needs to be addressed by promoting the fertilizer application based on soil testing.
69
Adoption of organic farming and by assisting the usage of organic material on a large
scale, along with supplementing the soil with micronutrients.
Availability of certified seeds for the rural agrarian farming community is very much
limited because of many factors. Making available the quality seeds has, far a long time
been an un accomplished task, may be because of little knowledge farmers are not aware
about the quality of the seeds. So efforts need to be made to make available the certified
seeds at grass root level seed village programme proposed will take care of this and
enable the self-reliance among the farmers apart from enhancing the crop productivity.
Horticulture Development
District is known for horticulture production because of the agro climatic and soil
properties. This needs to be exploited to take up export quality production of fruit crops
including the dry land fruit crops, vegetables and exotic vegetables.
Processing of fruits especially Mango , Coconut and dry fruits like Cahew needs attention.
Expansion of area under flowers, vegetables and exotic vegetables and Cashew nut needs
attention .
Sericulture & Apiculture Development
Though the district is not traditional for practicing sericulture & Apiculture but climate is
congenial to make this a profitable option.
Animal Husbandry Development
Availability of the dry fodder throughout the year and with up coming irrigation projects
in the district animal husbandry activities finds a scope.
Procurement of milk network is well established both by government / cooperative and
Private agencies.
Fisheries Development
70
The farmers in the district are interested in digging farm ponds for protective irrigations
these ponds can be well utilized for fisheries development. It has a potential to provide
additional income to the farmers.
7.3 Innovative Interventions and schemes
Agriculture and Horticulture
To overcome serious labour problem and reducing the cost of cultivation of paddy with
productivity increase use of alternate production technologies like I) SRT method
II) Use of drum seeder for
III) Mechanical planter
IV) chaar sutri
Combine package of Paddy production for triables .
Supply of hybrid Paddy seeds on subsidized basis.
Mango demonstration as per recommended package of practices
Cashew and Sapoota demonstration as per recommended package of practices
IPM & INM in fruit crops and vegetables.
Post harvest management in horticulture.
Encouraging non farm activities.
Creating stone fencing for horticulture gardens.
Assistance to triables for nagli and varai processing.
Organizing mhahostav for producer to consumer direct marketing.
Promoting pulse crop after paddy harvest.
Amarvel nirmulan abhiyan
Assistance to vegetable growths for erecting mandap (pergola)
Watershed
Reclamation of problematic soils.
Construction of wells and farm ponds.
Creating different structure for soil and water conservation.
Bringing more area under paddy by creating paddy bunds and productivity increase by
repairing old paddy bunds.
Fisheries Development
Extension and training to fishermen.
Assistance to ornamental fish breeding.
Assistance for mechanization of boats for H.S.D. oil.
Assistance for marketing, preservation and transportation.
71
Animal Husbandry
Modernization of existing veternairy hospitals.
Improving AI delivery system.
Establishment of hatcheries
Breed village scheme for sheep and goat.
Upgrading of existing veternairy minipolyclinic.
Promoting dockyard poultry by distributing Giriraj , Vanraj and Kadaknath breeds.
Promoting farmers to adopt stall feeding of cattles to overcome stray cattle problem.
Agricultural Marketing
Electronic weighing systems for Market Yards in the District
Cold storage, grading, standardisation and packaging facilities
Agri. Festival
APMC Infrastructure Development
R.O. Plants & Eco toilets for APMCs
7.4 Vision for XI Plan
For overall development of the farming sector, the district plan of Thane emphasises on
various kind of activities to be taken up by different development departments. The main
objective of this plan is to achieve the targeted growth rate and increasing the farmers income.
The targeted rate in agriculture is achieved by increasing the productivity of cereals by
2.14 and oilseeds 34.11 and pulses by 14.41 per cent. While, the horticulture division
concentrated on enhancing the area and practicing high tech horticulture. Sericulture &
Apicultures finding a place in the district efforts and are made to expand this as an income
generating sector. Animal husbandry and agriculture go hand in hand, so efforts are directed to
strengthen the farming sector to take up this as an allied sector in addition to agriculture.
Importance is also given to practice the fisheries where ever possible. Also, most important is the
credit facilities extended to farming sector to take up the above said activities.
7.5 District Plan
To achieve the goals of the district with respect to the agriculture and allied sectors the
fund required is around Rs 61398.25 lakh as shown in the figure 6.1.
72
Fig 7.1 Budget Requirement for the various sectors for the XI Plan (Rs. Lakh)
Sr.
No
Name of Department Financial Outlay Rs.
In Lakh
Percentage
1 Agriculture 4482.35 6.36
2 Horticulture 19312.71 27.39
3 Soil and Water Conservation 32000.00 45.38
4 Animal Husbundry 1505.04 2.13
5 Fisheries 3204.13 4.54
6 Dairy 58.96 0.08
7 Minor Irrigation 9286.65 13.17
8 Sericulture 8.43 0.95
9 MAIDC 435.00
10 Social Forestry 92.00
11 DIC 85.00
12 Khadi gramodyog 38.73
Total 70509.00 100
73
Fig no. 1 Map of Thane District
Sr.
No.Name Of The Scheme
Ongoing
scheme
New
propose(Infra
structure)
New
Propose
(Production)
TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 Agriculture
1. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
cereal Development programme 105.00 0.00 0.00 105.00
2. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Rice festival 0.00 0.00 30.00 30.00
3. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
PHT (storage structure) 0.00 100.00 0.00 100.00
4. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Unseasonal rains0.00 0.00 15.00 15.00
5. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Demostration Drum seader0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30
6. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Nagli, warai production and
Processing
25.67 0.00 0.00 25.67
7. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Marketing support to farmer group
for Nagli processing
0.00 4.00 0.00 4.00
8. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
National oil seed development
programm
4.50 0.00 0.00 4.50
9. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
mulching for oil seed0.00 0.00 2.30 2.30
10. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
National food security mission
(Pulse)
112.02 0.00 0.00 112.02
11. Proposead Financial Out- lay in
tur plantation on bunds0.00 0.00 4.00 4.00
12. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Pulse seed distribution0.00 0.00 40.00 40.00
13. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
PHT( godown)0.00 0.00 4.00 4.00
Propased Financial out- lay For C DAP 20014-15 TO 2018-19
14. Proposead Financial Out- lay for
Amarvel nirmulan0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00
15.Proposead Financial out-lay for
soil testing24.95 0.00 0.00 24.95
16. Proposead Finanacial out lay in
mission for distribution for soil
health cards
0.00 0.00 22.53 22.53
17.Proposead Financial out-lay for
strenghtning/ creation of
infrastructure at agri polyclinic
0.00 0.00 150.00 150.00
18.Proposead Financial out-lay for
Farmer field school9.52 0.00 0.00 9.52
19.Assistant to Agriculture
interpreneurs for establishment of
agro information/ production/
0.00 25.00 0.00 25.00
20.Proposead Financial out-lay for
strenghtning for taluka seed form 13.00 0.00 0.00 13.00
21.Propose Financial out-lay for
Farm machanisation150.00 0.00 0.00 150.00
22.Proposed Finanacial out lay for
crop peste servilance and vigilance 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00
Table 59 : Production Plan of Livestock during the Next Five Years
Sr. No.Name of
commodity
Bhiwandi Shahapur Murbad Kalyan Ulhasnagar
Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin Phy. Fin
1
Strengthening the distribution network
of Govermint Hatcheries by involving
SHG s / Producer associations
2Strengthening Modernization of existing
Veterinary Hospitals, Dispensaries.
3 Improving the A.I. Delivery System.
4 Establishment of Hatcheries
5Establishment of small Ruminants
market yard
6Breed Village scheme for Sheep and
Goat
7Establishment of small Ruminants
Slugther house through P.P.P.
8Certified Fodder Seed Marketing
Subsidy
9Scientific Tackling of Infertility in Dairy
Animals
Table 60 : Proposed Physical and Financial Programmes of Animal Husbandry Department
Sr.No. Name of ActivityUnit
cost
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Total
Nos.
Units
Species
Culture
d
Average
yield
per ha.
Expecte
d yield
per ha.
Gap in
Yield
(kg)
Reason
s for
gap in
yield
Boat &
Net
Units
Species
Harvest
ed
Average
Catch
per
boat
(kg)
Gap in
catch
per
boat
(kg)
Reason
s for
gap in
yield
Nos.
No. of
boat
and net
units
Species
Harvest
ed per
boat
unit
(kg)
Average
catch
per
boat in
kg
Expecte
d catch
per
boat
(kg)
Gap in
yield
catch
per
boat
(kg)
Reason
s for
gap in
yield
1 Bhivandi
2 Shahapur
3 Murbad
4 Kalyan
5 Ulasnagar
6 Thane
Total 700 1000 300 * ** 20 ***
**
* 1. Seasonal ponds hence scanty of water supply ** 1. Regarding yeild,data are not available but gap in *** 1. Statistical data of boat and net units are not
IMC,Exoti
c carps
and
freshwate
r
pangasin
s
sp.,Thilap
ia sp.
* ***
There is no data collected by the
department regarding fisheries in
Rivers
Sr. No. Taluka
Details of Fisheries Units
Inland Ponds Rivers Reservoirs
Nos.
Average
Catch
per year
(tons)
Expecte
d
Average
Catch
per year
Gap /
Excess
Catch
(tons)
Reason
s for
gap /
excess
Catch
Nos.
Average
Catch per
year (tons)
Expected
Average
Catch per
year
Gap /
Excess
Catch
(tons)
Reason
s for
gap /
excess
Catch
1 Bhivandi
2 Shahapur
3 Murbad
4 Kalyan
5Ulhasnag
ar
6 Thane
Total 55 3.1 N.A N.AResearc
h aspect1456 20.25 N.A N.A
Researc
h aspect
Table 61a : Fisheries Information
Sr. No. Taluka
Details of Fisheries Units
Marine - Traditional Non-Mechanised Boats Marine - Mechanised Boats
No W.S.A.
(ha)No
W.S.A.
(ha)No W.S.A. (ha)
1 Bhivandi 1.00 59.53
2 Shahapur 1.00 19.00 6.00 350.69
3 Murbad 1.00 24.28 1.00 41.16 5.00 257.58
4 Ulasnagar 2.00 66.97
5 Kalyan 0.00 0.00
6 Thane 0.00 0.00
Total 2.00 43.28 1.00 41.16 14.00 734.77
Table 62 : Source Wise Water Spread Area (WSA) in the District
Sr.No. Taluka
Gram Panchayat
TanksDepartment Tanks Reservoirs
< 40 ha > 40 ha
@2000kg/hect for
500 hect
@ 500kg/hect for
2000hect
@100kg/hectare for
6000 hectareTotal
Present 2006 -2007 250 200 - 450
2007-08 150 100 - 250
2011-12 200 125 - 325
Present 2006-2007 4 5 - 9
2007-08 2 3 - 5
2011-12 2 4 - 6
Table H. Hatchery required (Assumption 0.6 ha of hatchery can produce 20 lakh
Table 63 : Projections for Fish Production, Seed to be Stocked and Hatchery Requirement for
a) Fish Production (in Tonnes)
Year
Production at different yields from different areas
b) Seed to be stocked advance finerlings 50 mm size in lakhs
