Acoustic Tracking and Marine Resource
Management: a NOAA Fisheries Perspective
Churchill Grimes and Steve Lindley Fisheries Ecology Division
Southwest Fisheries Science CenterSanta Cruz, CA
Legal Authorities•MSA
•MMPA
•ESA
Field et al. 2006. Prog Oceanogr 68: 238
Northern California Current food web
Ecosystem-Based ManagementLarge Marine Ecosystems
…XI-XVHow to ImplementEcosystem-Based
Management
EcosystemApproach toManagement.
IOOS
The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a “user-driven”, integrated system of observations and data telemetry, data management and communications (DMAC), and data analysis and modeling that routinely, reliably, and continuously provides data and information to address 7 societal goals (support EBM). IOOS consists of regional observing systems and a national backbone observing system.
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
Core Observations•mostly ship-based
•limited spatial and temporal resolution
•electronic tagging/tracking is compatible and can provide high resolution biological data
An Ecosystem Observing Package
acoustic curtains
Conceptual Model of IOOS
aircraft
satellites
ships
moored buoys
hyroacoutics
LIDAR and hyperspectral
AUVs and gliders
cabled observatories
coastal radar
electronic tracking?
Wildlife Computer Mk10 PAT
Popup Archival Transmitting Satellite Tag - TOPP
POST salmon smoltPOST salmon smolt
V9 - 2y program
V9 - >4 mo life
V7 - >4 mo lifeV6 - pre-production
VEMCO R-codeAcoustic Tags
Lotek Geolocating Archival Tags
same scale
Electronic tags can provide high resolution biological data like moorings, etc. offer for
physical data
•Archival and satellite tagging of large pelagics has demonstrated the potential of electronic tagging, and acoustic tagging has similar potential for smaller species
•Acoustic tags report identity of tagged animal to data logging hydrophone (receiver) when animals come in range
POST- acoustic technologyAcoustic Curtain
Data-logging hydrophones
What science can electronic tracking address?
• Migratory behavior• Adult distribution and dispersal• Reproductive movement and aggregation• Ontogenetic movements• Stock structure and connectivity• Habitat utilization, e.g., hotspots, critical habitat
and restoration effectiveness• Spatial interactions among species • Links to environmental variation and climate
change• Demographics, e.g., survival and migration rates
PIT vs POST Acoustic Survival- Dworshak Spring Chinook
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000Distance from Release Site (km)
Su
rviv
al
(%)
Willapa Bay (960 kms)
•Survival of juvenile Chinook salmon as they migrate down the Columbia River to the sea. Colored lines from PIT tag releases and black lines are acoustic tagged fish.
•Acoustic tagging results superior and show higher survival (POST- D. Welch)
Seattle
Skagit River
•Migration of acoustic tagged Puget Sound bull trout through the Skagit River in 2003-2005 revealed previously unknown utilization of marine waters (F. Goetz)
Recent Acoustic Tagging Results
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Brooks
Juan de Fuca
Cape Eliz.
Willapa Bay
Columbia
Seal Rock
Umpqua
Coos
Coquille
Rogue
Klamath
Golden Gate
Moss Landing
Month1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Brooks
Juan de Fuca
Cape Eliz.
Willapa Bay
Columbia
Seal Rock
Umpqua
Coos
Coquille
Rogue
Klamath
Golden Gate
Moss Landing
Month
Rogue R., OR Willapa Bay, WA
Green Sturgeon Tracking
•Movement of acoustic tagged green sturgeon in Rouge River, OR and Willipa Bay, WA revealed extensive and previously unknown migrations
•Gray bars indicate locations of acoustic receivers and yellow the presence of green sturgeon (S. Lindley)
Challenges- Ideal System Design
A large scale system might consist of:•Cross-shelf lines forming acoustic curtains along migration routes
•Arrays of receivers around features of interest, e.g., MPAs and seamounts
•Opportunistic location on oceanographic moorings and cabled observatories
•planned
•existing
Challenges- Data Management and Analysis
Data Management
•Useful data are produced when tags are detected by a receiver
•Data ownership is a significant outstanding issue in the acoustic telemetry community
•Data management is a major component of IOOS plans, and the IOOS frame work is well suited to turning raw detections into useful science
Data Analysis
•Compared to satellite tracking data, map-based analysis of acoustic tracking data is of limited use
•More effective use of acoustic tagging data will require advances in data analysis and presentation
•A promising approach is to use mark-recapture models to estimate survival and migration rates
Summary
• IOOS is NOAAs approach to implementing ecosystem- based management of ocean resources, and acoustic tracking is a logical and valuable component of such an observing system
• Acoustic tracking data can be used to answer important science questions about living ocean resources, e.g., migration, distribution, stock structure and connectivity, habitat utilization and survival and migration rates
• Optimal acoustic observing system design would incorporate cross-shelf acoustic curtains along migration routes, high spatial-resolution arrays around important features (e.g., MPAs and sea mounts) and opportunistic location on deepwater moorings and cabled observatories
• The IOOS frame work is well suited to turning raw detections into useful science, and for addressing data ownership which is a significant outstanding issue in the acoustic telemetry community
• Most effective use of acoustic tracking data will require advances beyond simple map-based analysis to more advanced data analysis and presentation, e.g., application of mark-recapture methods
Some Fishes of the CCLME Amenable to OTN
