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ACP and HLB: The California Situation Victoria Hornbaker California Department of Food and Agriculture
ACP and HLB:The California Situation
Victoria Hornbaker
California Department of Food and Agriculture
• California's $2.5 billion citrus industry is at risk.
• Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Program and theCalifornia Department of Food and Agriculture are havepartnered with the California citrus industry in acollaborative effort to help save our state’s citrus.
Dangerous Pest Threatens California Citrus
17 member California Citrus Pest and Disease PreventionCommittee.
• Develop a statewide citrus specific pest and disease workplan that includes, but is not limited to, the following:– Outreach and education programs for residents, local communities,
groups, on the prevention of citrus pests and diseases.– Programs for surveying, detecting, analyzing, and treating pests and
diseases specific to citrus.
• Advise the Secretary on implementation of the work plan,including:– Annual assessment rate and annual budget.– Adoption of regulations consistent with the powers and duties of
the committee.
California Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Committee
Cooperative Program• Federal
– Unites States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
• State– California Department of Food & Agriculture (CDFA)– California Department of Pesticide Regulation (Cal EPA - CDPR)– Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (Cal EPA –
OEHHA)
• Local– County Agricultural Commissioners
• Industry– Citrus Pest and Disease Prevention Program– California Citrus Research Board– Growers
• Residents– Across Southern and Central California
California Citrus Layer
• ACP detected in Tijuana in June 2008• CDFA increased trapping/ visual surveys• 2008- San Diego and Imperial• 2009- Los Angeles, Orange and Ventura• 2010- Riverside and San Bernardino• 2012- Santa Barbara and Tulare• 2013- Kern and Fresno• 2014- San Luis Obispo, Santa Clara, Madera
and San Joaquin• 2015- San Benito, Stanislaus and San Mateo• 2016 - Kings
• Detection Trapping
• Visual Survey
• Delimitation Trapping
• Treatment
• Quarantine
• Outreach
CDFA Activities
Trapping
Detection TrappingTrap Density: Five to 16 traps/squaremile.Trap Servicing Interval: Every two tofour weeks.
Delimitation TrappingTrap Density: 100 traps per squaremile in a 1.5 mile radius, to form anine square mile delimitation area.Trap Servicing Interval: Traps will beserviced weekly for two months.After that serviced monthly for twoyears past the identification date.
COLLECTION SITES – 7,708
ACP COLLECTIONS – 10,372(Some sites have been collected more than once)
ADULTS COLLECTED – 66,100
NYMPHS COLLECTED – 15,568
SITES NEGATIVE FOR HLB – 9,444(Or undetermined)
RESULTS NOT IN – 928
Commercial Grove Trapping
• ACP detection sites and adjacent properties treated withhomeowner consent
• Foliar treatment with cyfluthrin (Tempo SC Ultra)
• Soil drench with imidacloprid (Merit 2F)
Urban Treatments
Types of Treatment
Voluntary Area-wide Treatment
• CDFA treats residential properties 400 meters aroundcommercial properties
– Only if 75% of commercial citrus is treated
• Two applications per year
Voluntary Treatments in Response to ACP
• 100-400 meters around detection site
Mandatory Treatments in Response to HLB
• 800 meters around detection site
• US/Mexico Border
– Maintain 2 mile trapping buffer and 400 meter treatments.
• Generally infested areas.
– Implement Area-wide treatments where feasible and growerparticipation levels are high.
– No treatment in areas where Area-wide protocol is notfeasible, focus on HLB survey and biocontrol.
In response to HLB detections all properties within 800meters will be treated.
Southern California Update
Areawide Treatments
• Growers in the following counties areparticipating in voluntary areawide treatments.
– San Diego
– Imperial
– Riverside
– San Bernardino
– Ventura
– Santa Barbara
• In any area where ACP has not been previously detectedor where ACP has been detected at low densities.
• For single ACP detections not within 1.5 miles ofcommercial citrus, all properties within 100 meters willbe surveyed and treated.
• If the find is within 1.5 miles of commercial citrus, or ifmultiple ACP are detected within six months of eachother, the survey and treatment area will be 400 meters.
• In response to HLB detections all properties within 800meters will be treated.
• Begin identifying areawide management areas.
Central Valley – Northern California Update
Responsive Treatments
• The CDFA is currently responding to finds in thefollowing counties.– Kern
– Tulare
– Madera
– San Luis Obispo
– Santa Clara
– Fresno
– Kings
– San Benito
CDFA Biocontrol Mass Production
238,000 Tamarixia reared in2013
1,124,091 reared in 2014 and931,522 released
1,668,699 Tamarixia and125,123 Diaphorencyrtusreleased in 2015
340,952 Tamarixia and 80,959Diaphorencyrtus released so farthis year
Biological Control Agent Releases
April, 2016
Biological Control Activities - May 2016
Cal Poly InsectaryConstruction Underway!
Cal Poly GlasshouseOn loan – renovations
underway
HLB Core Area Trapping andTreatment
San Gabriel
• Treatment: (Tempo Only) January 11 - January 29,2016
• Trap Counts:• February 177 ACP trapped in the core area
• March over 4,200 ACP trapped in the core area
Hacienda Heights
• Treatment: (Tempo only) January 19 - February 10, 2016
• Trap Counts:• February 258 ACP trapped in the core area
• March over 12,500 ACP trapped in the core area
HLB SURVEY
• All of round 2 risk-based surveys are 100% complete
• Program is prepping the next round of risk-basedsurvey
• Program is revisiting all sites that had inconclusivePCR results for ACP and/or Plant samples.
• Continue to proactively sample ACP for the bacteria.
• Program continues survey in the HLB quarantine areaand intensive survey in the core 800 meter areaaround each HLB detection.
HACIENDAHEIGHTS Cycle1 (Jan-Feb) Cycle2 (Mar-Apr)
Cycle3 (May-June) Cycle4 (July-Aug) Cycle5 (Sept-Oct)
Cycle6(Nov-Dec)
RequiredSites to Visit
Per Cycle 673 648 637 724 655 659
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Cycle 6
Survey Dates 1/12/15-2/22/16 PENDING
11/9/15-12/29/15
Number ofSites Visited 508 603
PlantSamplesCollected 232 311
ACP SamplesCollected 429 540
SitesNegative forACP/ PlantSamples 39 36
2016 HLB CLUSTER SURVEY HACIENDAHEIGHTS
Hacienda Heights HLB Find 2012
• One positive tree found on a residential property inHacienda Heights (LA County)
• The positive tree had over 19 illegal pomelo andlemon grafts
• Homeowner voluntarily allowed for the removal ofthe diseased tree
• Area has been continually monitored for over 3years without a subsequent find
San Gabriel HLB Detections
• The initial tree (kumquat) was found as a result ofthe CDFA Risk-Based Huanglongbing (HLB) Survey.Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) were collected from thefind site that tested in the inconclusive range, so thelead diagnostician at the lab requested a resample ofthe property.
• Plant tissue from the tree was collected during theresample and the plant tissue collected during thefollow-up sample tested PCR positive.
• Nine additional trees were confirmed from the samearea. All positive trees were removed.
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2015
Kumquat Tree
Mandarin TreeMandarin Tree Mexican Lime
Mandarin Tree Calamondin Tree
Mandarin Tree Mandarin Tree
Mandarin Tree Orange Tree
Mandarin Tree Orange Tree
La Puente Clas Positive ACP 2016• In January 2016 the CDFA began resampling the
areas around the Hacienda Heights and San GabrielHLB finds.
• On 1/6/16 the CDFA lab detected Clas from an ACPsample (9 adults) from the La Puente area of LosAngeles County.
• This find initiated an 800 meter survey of all hostplants and any ACP collected.– Properties Surveyed: 1837
– Plant Samples: 1072
– ACP Samples: 1030
– No Host: 642
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016
• On 2/1/16 the CDFA Lab confirmed 2 trees(kumquat and orange) within a block of the July2015 HLB cluster.
• Additional survey was triggered to include allhost plants within 800 meters of the find sites.
• On 2/11/16 a third tree was confirmed positive(kumquat).
• Survey and treatment areas expanded due tothis find.
• All have been removed.
• In early March four trees from threeproperties were confirmed HLB positive.
– One property with a lemon tree.
– One property with a orange and a lemon trees.
– One property with a kumquat tree.
– One property with an orange tree
– All have been removed.
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016
Two trees were confirmed HLB positive in April
– One on April 8th an orange/kumquat hybrid.
– One on April 18th was a lemon that expanded outthe survey and treatment area to the south.
– Both were removed.
May 16th a grapefruit tree was confirmedpositive.
– Tree removal is scheduled for Saturdayquarantine area remains the same.
San Gabriel HLB Finds 2016
Site 2, San GabrielOrange
Site 1, San GabrielKumquat
Site 3, San GabrielKumquat Site 4, San Gabriel
Lemon
Site 5, San GabrielKumquat
Site 5, San GabrielLemon
Site 6, San GabrielKumquat
Site 8, San GabrielTrifoliate Kumquat
LA County HLB Samples 2015-2016
• Total ACP samples collected from SG,including expansion areas – 12,000.
• Total plant samples collected from SG,including expansion areas - 18,000
• Confirmed positive ACP samples - 4 SanGabriel and 1 from La Puente
• Confirmed positive plant samples - 21 treesfrom 18 properties
Figure 3. Number of samples submitted for HLB testing per year from 2008 to 2016. Cumulative ACP and plant sample totalfor nine years is 321,789 in which 35% of the total are plant and 65% are ACP.
Year PLANT ACP Total
2008-09 2209 1923 4132
2010 9111 3527 12638
2011 14233 8845 23078
2012 14644 32843 47487
2013 14402 31442 45844
2014 13640 29308 42948
2015 26897 80105 107002
2016 16919 21741 38660
Total 112055 209734 321789 ← Cumulative sample total
Figure 2. 2016 total plant and ACP samples submitted by county.
Outreach and Education
Current Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP)Regulations Overview
• Single ACP detection triggers a quarantine of minimum5 mile radius.
• Request for full county quarantine must come fromCounty Agricultural Commissioner.
• Citrus commodities are prohibited movement from anACP quarantine area except under permit.
• Free movement allowed to the packinghouse if withinthe same quarantine area.
• Citrus commodity shipments must be free of stems andleaves or moved under “spray and move” option topackinghouse outside of an ACP quarantine area.
Establishment of Quarantines
Wasco Quarantine
Additional Items
Neglected/Abandoned Orchards
• The program supports the removal of neglected/abandoned groves.
• San Bernardino County Agricultural Commissioner continues tohave good response to letters they sent to the owners of apparentlyabandoned groves. The removals continue.
• The Madera County abandoned grove where the latest ACP wasfound was treated. Reportedly, the grove will be removed withinthe next 18 months. Stevie McNeil and Sylvie will continue tomonitor this situation.
• San Diego County is selecting vendors to remove abandoned grovesshould that be necessary, if the owners fail to act after the dueprocess is exhausted. When they are in place, they intend to movequickly to notify the owners.
