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Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and...

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Acquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris 2), DECstation (Ultrix), Silicon Graphics (Irix 4.0.1 and up) or x86 PC (Linux or FreeBSD) machines with X-windows (versions X11R4, X11R5, and X11R6). IBM RS6000s (AIX), HPs (HPUX), DEC Alphas (OSF v2 and v3) and the Cray T3D have been successful in compiling and running, although our experience is limited. We welcome feedback on experiences with these platforms. Other platforms may be capable of running GENESIS, but the software has not been tested by Caltech outside of these environments. Although GENESIS may be ported to the Windows95 and NT operating systems at some time in the future, we currently recommend using the freely available Linux operating sys- tem for running GENESIS on a PC. A.2 Using the CD-ROM The CD-ROM included with this book contains the complete GENESIS version 2.1 dis- tribution, which includes full source code and documentation for both GENESIS and XO- DUS, as well as the tutorial simulations described in this book. The CD-ROM also contains parallel GENESIS (PGENESIS) and a number of additional packages related to GENESIS that are usually available separately or via the World Wide Web. In addition to containing the GENESIS source code, the CD-ROM has precompiled binaries for the most common UNIX platforms. You may run these binaries directly from the CD-ROM. This will be use- ful if you are interested in trying the tutorials described in the book, or in evaluating the 407
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Page 1: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

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Acquiring and Installing GENESIS

A.1 System Requirements

GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4or Solaris 2), DECstation (Ultrix), Silicon Graphics (Irix 4.0.1 and up) or x86 PC (Linuxor FreeBSD) machines with X-windows (versions X11R4, X11R5, and X11R6). IBMRS6000s (AIX), HPs (HPUX), DEC Alphas (OSF v2 and v3) and the Cray T3D have beensuccessful in compiling and running, although our experience is limited. We welcomefeedback on experiences with these platforms. Other platforms may be capable of runningGENESIS, but the software has not been tested by Caltech outside of these environments.Although GENESIS may be ported to the Windows95 and NT operating systems at sometime in the future, we currently recommend using the freely available Linux operating sys-tem for running GENESIS on a PC.

A.2 Using the CD-ROM

The CD-ROM included with this book contains the complete GENESIS version 2.1 dis-tribution, which includes full source code and documentation for both GENESIS and XO-DUS, as well as the tutorial simulations described in this book. The CD-ROM also containsparallel GENESIS (PGENESIS) and a number of additional packages related to GENESISthat are usually available separately or via the World Wide Web. In addition to containingthe GENESIS source code, the CD-ROM has precompiled binaries for the most commonUNIX platforms. You may run these binaries directly from the CD-ROM. This will be use-ful if you are interested in trying the tutorials described in the book, or in evaluating the

407

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408 Appendix A. Acquiring and Installing GENESIS

GENESIS simulator. For regular use and best performance, the binaries can be installed ona hard disk.

Complete instructions for the use of the CD-ROM and the installation and running ofGENESIS are given in the file A-ReadMe.txt. This information is also available in the hy-pertext file A-ReadMe.html, which may be viewed with a web browser, and which providesa convenient link to the hypertext GENESIS Reference Manual and other useful informa-tion.

A.3 Obtaining GENESIS over the Internet

GENESIS is continually evolving, and there will undoubtedly be new features incorpo-rated into future versions. To be sure that you have the latest GENESIS distribution,and to learn about new developments, please check the GENESIS World Wide Web site(http://www.bbb.caltech.edu/GENESIS) or anonymous ftp site (genesis.bbb.caltech.edu).You may use these sites to download the latest versions of the software and documenta-tion at no cost.

When using ftp to to connect to genesis.bbb.caltech.edu, log in as the user “anonymous”and give your full email address as the password. You can then type “ � ������������ �� ������

”and download the software. Your first step should be to download the files README andLATEST.NEWS, with the commands “

� �������������” and “

�� �������������! #"��$��”. These files

will give further information about the current GENESIS version, and alert you to anynew developments since the publication of this book. The README file will give furtherinformation on downloading and installing the files that are available. Typically, you willgive the command “

�%�&�'�()”, followed by the command “

� ��*�� �� ������+ ,��'�(! .-”. The file

may take a while to transfer if you do this at a time when networks are busy. Finally, givethe “ / �%�0� ” command.

The files mentioned above are directly accessible via hypertext links at the GENESISweb site. Information will also be available concerning “mirror” sites outside of the UnitedStates.

A.4 Installation and Documentation

GENESIS may be easily installed from the CD-ROM by using the installation script andinstructions that are provided. To install GENESIS from a distribution that was obtainedover the Internet, or to compile and install GENESIS on a platform for which there areno suitable precompiled binaries, you or your system administrator should change to thedirectory in which you wish the GENESIS directory tree to reside, and copy genesis.tar.Zto this directory. /usr or /usr/local would be a good location for this directory, although youmay use your home directory or any other directory.

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A.5. Copyright Notice 409

Then, give the UNIX command “ �� '��*� �� ����� ,��'�( -�� ��'�(������”. This will

create the directory genesis and a number of subdirectories. Begin by reading the READMEfile in the genesis directory. Directions for compiling and installing the software may befound in the README file contained in the src subdirectory. Directions for printing theGENESIS Reference Manual and installing the hypertext documentation may be found inDoc/README. The Scripts/README file describes the demonstration and tutorial simula-tions that are included with this distribution. Further inquiries concerning GENESIS or itsinstallation may be addressed to [email protected] by email.

Individuals or research groups who are considering using GENESIS as a research toolare strongly encouraged to join the GENESIS Users Group, BABEL. Information regardingBABEL membership may be obtained by email from [email protected].

A.5 Copyright Notice

Copyright (C) 1997 by California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and the included documenta-tion for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyrightnotice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission noticeappear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Caltech not be used in adver-tising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written priorpermission. Caltech makes no representations about the suitability or merchantability ofthis software for any purpose. It is provided “as is” without express or implied warranty.

Some components are copyrighted by the originating institution and are used with thepermission of the authors. The conditions of these copyrights (none of which restrict thefree distribution of GENESIS) appear with these modules.

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410 Appendix A. Acquiring and Installing GENESIS

Page 5: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

������������� �

GENESIS Script Listings

B.1 tutorial2.g������������������ �� �������������������������! ���"��������������$#�!%�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&!&�&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&�&!&�&�&' ��)(�*����+��,���-*� . ��/,����!�� !�/�.��)(0����!21��+,�3(�*����� 2(4���! 5�6�! 7���8� ������!���8���95�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&!&�&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&�&!&�&�&�%��: ����� ;8 <&>=?�A@3B0@-CD���/���)(0�<*������)(4� �����.�/,-E��!�����/ !�<F��> E!�G��)(4�.�!�>-�G��H-I4 -JLKMF��! +-�/�! N����� ���O: ����� >P�QG&>#?�$=�=�==�= ���.�-*���,� : �,R(4�2(�F!�������.��������� !���8,��SKT�-E�(U�R(WV-��O: ����� /X�QG&>#?�$#4@ ���.�-*���,� : �,R(4�2(�F!�������+,���*��!,�- ����8,��YK : ������9����)(WV-��O: ����� >P ' &>#?�$= ���.�-*���,� : �,.��Z�������!������ �����,��YKT��E�(U�[(\O: ����� >��P�����]�^ ' X�]�&>�#?�$#_ ���<�!���� �2�!�<(4�2(�F��������>*��� !���! �����`K$a����� ���O: ����� >������-1�&<��P����]�^ ' X]Gb.#?�$#8@2#�cd���[(4�2(�F��������G����-18���!�>*��� !���! ����SK$a����� ���O: ����� >��� ' &>#?��#B�C ���.���9�-�-(e�f�8��!-F!��2��(e*��� !���� ����: ����� >��g &.�#��$#�h!� ���N*��� ��!���-��(i�f��8�!-F���-��(e*��� ����! ������/,��!����9�A(4���8������8�jKk(4�� !�����O: ����� +��)(4��^��.&>=#��!�c ���.,�l��!-��9!��G�f���a�������! / ��>=�#R(U�,����-���-*�E����!�: ����� +��)(4��^�9G&>=#��!�c: ����� .9� /&>#?�$#�#�##!C ���.��3(������ ����G �3(4�G�� ���*e-�+����,��� �,���!,21m#�n�9� !o ���.��� . E!�G��3(������� ��-�e,���!,21���&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&��� p��8,� ��-�/J�� : -��� ���������&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&

411

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412 Appendix B. GENESIS Script Listings

: ����,� �����(4�-1���,�3(�*����� 2(4���! ?KM*��� E�� ����!� E�� 9���� �!�!���- 4O�� ��>*��� E: ������ /����!�� �E�� 9���� �!�!���� : ������ /���!�!�>&.����!�� �E8%-;8 �%-9��: ������ >Z����!�!�.&N;8 �%�9��!%�9������B,��!�!�� �� ,��)(�*���� -(4���! n�*��� E�o��� : ��!��9 n-*��� E�o ��-( n<�!�!�!�� Go � ���a����� ��P-( n<P�Q�����!�!�/o�� �����E�(U�X)( n>X�Q8%����!�!�/o�� ���p�������9��P�� n<P ' %�����!�� �E���Z������!��o �����E�(U����!9

: ����,� �����(4�-1��!^�"-(8������*E: ������ >a-(U-�G&.�#?�A@2##: ������ >a-(0��Z/&>#?�$#!C: ������ > -(0��Z/&>#?�A@2#�#.����9!� : ������ ���A(������� ����G �3(8�.&e@2#�#R(U����,,��!�!�� ��.Z : ���-(e��9��� ��,��!�!�� ��.Z�������*E+��9��� !����a����� ����!���� : ��!��9 V Z2(0��Z+n� -(4��Z�o�l-(0-�+n�a-(0-��o>l-(0��ZGn�a-(0��Z�o,��!�!�� ��.ZF��! � !���+��9��� �����P������!] �!��,-��-*! /�!�!��� ,��!�!�� ��.ZF��! � !���+��9��� �����PI�� �!��,���2*! �-�� !��*�2n� -(4��Z�o�N�� �3(4���,��!�!�� ��.ZF��! � !���+��9��� �����H-I8 �]��!��,���2*! /f�8� Z��-E�� �G��9��� �����!9���&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&��� Q��!-�+��,���-*! ���&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&,��!���� !�>������ ������.��,��!������/,-�!�!�� !�� E��G��3(0�/,�)(�*����� -(8���! ��2�!,��������!��3(0��(0�-1���,�)(�*����� -(4���! i��,��!��������)(0�/n!���)(0��^��o/n!��)(0�^�9�o/n������!�-18o���<*�����a��9��+,-�!���!���! +-������,� ��-�� !�< E��/��)(0���� : ��!��9+��,��!��������)(0�+-������,� �#��$=��!�D ����#?�$=�� ' -����!,� ����i,-�����!���! ���R(4�-1��> E!�>������*E/ ���9��-*�����l����)(0�<"�(����!9>*��!��� (4�!������!�!�. !�< E���������*�E(0�-1��!^�"�(8�����*�E��9�92(U���+�!,��������!��3(0�/��9��� !����a����� ����!�.;�����]>"�( %�a!���� ��/%����9,-E��!,21�!�����

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B.2. tutorial3.g 413

B.2 tutorial3.g������������������ �� �������=?���������������! ���"��������������$#�!%�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&!&�&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&�&!&�&�&' ��)(�*����+��,���-*� . ��/,����!�� !�/�.,�)(�*����� -(4���� i,����! ��!2�8-�!��,-E��������!���� ��-1���� : ���)(EE8,-E����5���e-�. E!�������!�!�-14� .*!�!�� ��� �l�*����/�!-F!�!����l5� �� N���8� ��>���!�������95�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&!&�&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&!&�&�&�&�&!&&�&�&!&�&�&&�&!&�&�&�%��-�8,����!9!�>E�E�,-E����+�� : ���8,- ����8�� !�/,��!�!�� !������9���14-������!Z���le,-E��������!����!%NEE8,-E����5���+�!����-��8��a����-�����< ��< E��>�����F�����a!������F��������P�����]�^ ' X] � ��� ' � �g���-�!9G����Q ' ^ ' � ]�E������������<F��/�-��*�������9!�9.F�l.a������!����9!� : 2���9>F������ � � %�: ����� ;8 <&>=?�A@3B0@-CD���/���)(0�<*������)(4� �����.�/,-E��!�����/ !�<F��> E!�G��)(4�.�!�>-�G��H-I4 -JLKMF��! +-�/�! N����� ���O: ����� >P�QG&>#?�$=�=�==�= ��.�-*��!,� : �,R(8�2(�F!���-���.�!������ ����8,��LK ��E�(U� (\V-��O: ����� /X�QG&>#?�$#4@ ��.�-*��!,� : �,R(8�2(�F!���-���+,��*���,�� �����,��YK : ������9���)(WV2��O: ����� >P ' &>#?�$= ��.�-*��!,� : �,.��Z����>�!�!����� ��-�8,��SKT��E-(U�R(\O: ����� >��P�����]�^ ' X�]�&>�#?�$#_ ��<�!���- �-�!�<(4�)(�F!�����!�>*��� !���� ����`K$a!���� ���O: ����� >������-1�&<��P����]�^ ' X]Gb.#?�$#8@2#�cd���[(4�2(�F��������G����-18���!�>*��� !���! ����SK$a����� ���O: ����� >��� ' &>#?��#B�C ��.���9�-��(i�f���!-F!��-��(e*��� !���! ����: ����� >��g &.�#��$#�h!� ��N*��� !�!����-�-( ��f�8�!2F!��-��(�*��� !���! �������/,��!����9�A(4���8������8�jKk(4�� !�����O: ����� +��)(4��^��.&>=#��!�c ���/,-l��!-�!9���G�f�8-a�������� + !��=�#7(0�,������+�-*�E�����: ����� +��)(4��^�9G&>=#��!�c: ����� G����Q ' ^ ' &/���)(0��^���%-;8 �%����)(0��^�9e����a!������F���>�8���9�F!l>E�E8,2E���� ��� : ���+��)(4�.���!�!�: ����� . -(0��ZG&>#?�A@ ���/�3(������� ����G �A(4�+-�+����,: ����� .9� /&>#?�$#�#�##!C ���/�3(������� ����G �A(4�+�� !��*+-�+���!,��� �,���!,21m#�n�9� !o ���/��� . E��/��3(������ ����e,����!,21���&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&��� p��8,� ��-�/J�� : -��� ���������&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&�&�&�&�&&!&�&�&�&: ����,� �����(4�-1���,�3(�*����� 2(4���! ?KM*��� E�� ����!� E�� 9���� �!�!���- 4O�� ��>*��� E: ������ /����!�� �E�� 9���� �!�!���� : ������ /���!�!�>&.����!�� �E8%-;8 �%-9��: ������ >Z����!�!�.&N;8 �%�9��!%�9������B

,��!�!�� �� ,��)(�*���� -(4���! n�*��� E�o��� : ��!��9 n-*��� E�o ��-( n<�!�!�!�� Go � ���a����� ��P-( n<P�Q�����!�!�/o�� �����E�(U�X)( n>X�Q8%����!�!�/o�� ���p�������9��P�� n<P ' %�����!�� �E���Z������!��o �����E�(U����!9

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414 Appendix B. GENESIS Script Listings

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Page 10: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

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Page 12: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

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Page 16: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

422 Appendix B. GENESIS Script Listings

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Page 17: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

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Page 18: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

424 Appendix B. GENESIS Script Listings

��F���� n�@ �$���=G%>� ��Q ' ^ ' o�� ���>���*�� ���� =?�$#���*�� ���� @ �$#���!^�����*�E���^�p ��PQ n �8 2���! -J�o ��!^�����*�E���^ ' �#?� @2��c � ���+@2��"��!���!,�!^�����*�E���^ � �#?��#4@2# � ���N"�!^�����*�E���^�"�# n>#?��#!��C>b��P�����]�^ ' X]+o � ���N"�!^�F�� ��^�p ��P�Q n����;���������]� ' ��o ��!^�F�� ��^ ' B5�$#��= � ���+@2�!����,�!^�F�� ��^ � �8@2h��$#��!�= � ���N"�!^�F�� ��^�"�# n>#?��#.b<��P����]�^ ' X]+o�� ���N"��^�����*�E���^�p ��PQ n����;���������]� ' ��o ���^�����*�E���^ ' _�#?��# � ���+@2�!����,��^�����*�E���^ � ���#��$#��!�= � ���N"��^�����*�E���^�"�# n>#?��#.b<��P����]�^ ' X]+o�� ���N"��^�F�� ��^�p ��P�Q n��! ���Q��! -J�o ���^�F�� ��^ ' @ �$#��= � ���+@2�!����,��^�F�� ��^ � �8@2#��$#��!�= � ���N"��^�F�� ��^�"�# n>=�#��$#��!�=/bN��P�����]�^ ' X]+o ���N"���!9

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Page 19: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

B.6. hhchan K.g 425

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Page 20: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

426 Appendix B. GENESIS Script Listings

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Page 25: Acquiring and Installing GENESISAcquiring and Installing GENESIS A.1 System Requirements GENESIS and its graphical front-end XODUS are written in C and run on SUN (SunOS 4 or Solaris

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448 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Index of GENESIS Commands

addaction, 238addfield, 237, 316addmsg, 209addobject, 239async, 358, 376

barrier, 354, 356, 376barrierall, 369, 376

call, 305ce, 207check, 208clearthread, 375clearthreads, 371, 375copy, 284, 309, 397create, 206createmap, 284, 365, 371

debug, 224delete, 206deletemsg, 210disable, 258duplicatetable, 310

echo, 217enable, 258end, 216, 237, 285exists, 305

exit, 211

file2tab, 307findsolvefield, 339, 341, 345floatformat, 217, 299for, 211, 285, 312foreach, 285

getclock, 222getfield, 229getsyncount, 297getsyndest, 298getsynindex, 298getsynsrc, 298

help, 206

if, 237if-else, 249include, 231isa, 239

le, 207listcommands, 205listglobals, 224listobjects, 205

move, 397mynode, 355, 375

449

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450 INDEX OF GENESIS COMMANDS

mypvmid, 375mytotalnode, 369, 375myzone, 355, 375

nnodes, 375npvmcpu, 375ntotalnodes, 375nzones, 375

paroff, 361, 375paron, 360, 375pixflags, 388planarconnect, 288planardelay, 292planarweight, 294pope, 207position, 285pushe, 207pwe, 207

quit, 211

raddmsg, 360, 376randseed, 296readcell, 255readsolve, 339reset, 208, 234restore, 330rshowmsg, 376rvolumeconnect, 365, 376rvolumedelay, 366, 376rvolumeweight, 366, 376

save, 330scaletabchan, 309setclock, 222setfield, 208setfieldprot, 237setmethod, 337setupalpha, 312setupghk, 314

setupNaCa, 314showfield, 207showmsg, 210showobject, 205showstat, 331silent, 342step, 208, 223syndelay, 293

threadsoff, 375threadson, 375tweakalpha, 306tweaktau, 306

useclock, 222

volumeconnect, 291volumedelay, 293volumeweight, 295

waiton, 359, 376while, 285

xcolorscale, 390xhide, 209xshow, 209

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Index of GENESIS Objects

asc file, 374axon, 245

Ca concen, 315channelC2, 245compartment, 205concchan, 181

ddsyn, 326difbuffer, 314difshell, 314disk out, 375

enz, 181

fixbuffer, 314

hebbsynchan, 252hh channel, 229hsolve, 180, 337

ksolve, 180

Mg block, 324mmpump, 314

nernst, 317neutral, 206

par asc file, 374, 376

par disk out, 375, 376pool, 180, 181postmaster, 331, 376pulsegen, 212

randomspike, 246reac, 181

script out, 251spikegen, 248symcompartment, 205synchan, 244

tab2Dchannel, 229, 321tabchannel, 229, 301–312tabcurrent, 314tabgate, 229, 320table, 318, 320, 391table2D, 320

vdep channel, 229, 318vdep gate, 229, 321

xbutton, 210, 226xcell, 394xcoredraw, 396xdialog, 228xdraw, 385

451

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452 INDEX OF GENESIS OBJECTS

xform, 209xgif, 389xgraph, 209, 247xlabel, 227xpix, 387xshape, 385, 389xsphere, 388xtoggle, 249xtree, 394, 396xvar, 390xview, 374, 393

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Index

action potential, 29, 32, 47, 102alpha function, see conductance, alpha func-

tion formanode break, 49, 103, 128Aplysia, 99associative memory, 150axial resistance, 11, 58, 218axon, 12, 247, 248axon hillock, 7

BABEL, vii, 18, 409beater, 99burster, 99, 112

cablevoltage attenuation, 59, 71voltage decay, 60

cable boundary conditionclamped to rest, 59, 64leaky end, 59, 64sealed end, 59, 64

cable equation, 58cable theory, 56calcium concentration, 117, 119, 120, 124,

314, 316calcium-activated potassium conductance,

see conductance, C-current

cell parameter file, see GENESIS, cell de-scriptor file

central pattern generator, 131invertebrate, 132vertebrate, 132

channel, see conductanceCM , see specific, membrane capacitanceCm, see membrane capacitancecompartment, 10, 66, 203compartmental modeling, see modeling,

compartmentalcomputational neuroscience, 3, 121concentration-effect curve, 178, 185conductance, 101

A-current, 110, 111, 117AHP Current, 317AHP current, 122alpha function form, 13, 88B-current, 107–109, 111, 116, 302C-current, 107, 109, 111, 116, 120,

122, 318delayed potassium, 39, 104, 116dual exponential form, 88fast sodium, 45, 103, 116high threshold calcium, 104, 105, 116,

122leakage, 12

453

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454 INDEX

low threshold calcium, 107, 276muscarinic potassium, 276NMDA, 73, 85, 324synaptic, 80, 85

conductance density, 115, 116connection, see synaptic couplingcoupled oscillators, 134

chains of, 140CPG, see central pattern generatorcurrent clamp, 47cytoplasm resistivity, 57

delayed rectifier, see conductance, delayedpotassium

dendritescomputational function, 75voltage-gated channels, 73

dendritic trees, 51–56dialog box, see XODUS widgets, dialog

boxdiffusive coupling, 135, 138

EEG, see electroencephalogramelectroencephalogram, 154–158, 162, 164electrotonic length, 59, 70, 244endogenous burster, 99enzyme, 172EPSP, see postsynaptic potential, excita-

toryequilibrium potential, 11, 30, 36, 81, 115,

220, 230equivalent circuit, 10–12, 34, 80, 203equivalent cylinder, 9, 62–63

field potential, 154firing patterns, 99, 106, 108, 126frequency encoding, 111

G protein, 173gaits, 144, 145gap junction, 325, 339

gates, 36GENESIS

cell descriptor file, 255, 266, 273cell reader, 255cell reader options, 260–262clocks, 222, 330command options, 207commands, 205data fields, 207data types, 217description, 17–20element, 205element hierarchy, 206, 209, 404extended objects, 236–240, 256, 283,

284file I/O, 374functions, 205, 215–218help, 25, 206interpol structs, 305, 390messages, 209object, 205prototypes, 256, 266, 282, 397Reference Manual, 204script, 211SIMPATH, 231, 257, 263, 269state variable, 208wildcard symbol, 126, 399working element, 207, 238

GENESIS actionsCHECK, 212CREATE, 238DUPLICATE, 346HPUT, 341PROCESS, 212, 240RESET, 212, 234, 398RESTORE, 341SET, 237TABCREATE, 305TABFILL, 307, 320

GENESIS tutorials, 4, 20–21

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INDEX 455

burster, 118Cable, 14, 68CPG, 133, 136MultiCell, 232, 252Neuron, 23, 90Orient tut, 253, 280Piriform, 158running, 22, 204Squid, 41traub91, 74, 122, 311Tritonia, 132

Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, 33, 314

Hebbian synapse, 251, 324Hines method, 14hyperpolarization, 86, 106

inactivation, 45, 102frequency-dependent, 104

initial conditions, 137, 144input resistance, 55, 62, 76, 84integrate-and-fire, 330integration, see numerical integrationion channel, 36, 171ionic conductance, see conductanceIPSP, see postsynaptic potential, inhibitory

Kinetikit, 180–189Kirchoff’s current law, 81, 156

lateral olfactory tract, 152leakage conductance, see conductance, leak-

ageleakage current, 34leakage potential, 220, 234learning, 251limit cycle, 134locomotion, 132, 139, 140, 144long term potentiation, 170, 251, 324LTP, see long term potentiation

membranecapacitance, 11, 57, 81, 114, 218potential, 10resistance, 11, 54, 58, 81, 114, 218time constant, 58, 61, 82

membrane voltage, 81Michaelis-Menten kinetics, 175modeling

compartmental, 8, 65–71, 244connectionist, 96, 195, 198levels of, 199networks, 13, 21, 131, 151, 199–201,

282, 346, 396structurally realistic, 196

multiprocessors, 351

negative resistance characteristic, 106Nernst potential, 32, 317Netkit, 396networks, see modeling, networksNeurokit, 112, 118–126, 262, 265–277

cell editing, 126, 274, 275channel editing, 120, 266, 307–310user-variables, 266–272userprefs file, 266–272

neurokit/prototypes directory, 229, 231, 263,266, 301, 302, 311, 320

neuron“Platonic”, 97α-motoneuron, 54Anisidoris beater, 117Aplysia L2, 117Aplysia L10, 99Aplysia L11, 127Aplysia R3, 99Aplysia R15, 99, 105, 112Purkinje cell, 8, 54pyramidal cell, 7, 54, 121, 151thalamic relay, 108, 276Tritonia burster, 116, 117

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456 INDEX

neuroscience texts, 4NMDA, see conductance, NMDA, 172non-physiological responses, 200numerical instability, 335, 336, 347numerical integration, 14, 332

Adams-Bashforth methods, 333backward Euler method, 14, 334Crank-Nicholson method, 14, 335cumulative error, 333explicit methods, 14, 334exponential Euler method, 14, 334,

336forward Euler method, 14, 333Hines method, 14, 337implicit methods, 14, 243, 334time step, 14, 70, 160, 222, 243truncation error, 333

object-oriented programming, 19, 212Ohm’s law, 12, 57olfactory bulb, 150, 152, 162olfactory cortex, see piriform cortexorientation selectivity, 280oscillations

40 Hz, 158, 162phase locking, 136, 137theta rhythm, 156traveling wave, 142

oscillator death, 139

pacemaker, 99, 114parallel computing, 18, 113, 331, 349parameter search, 112, 113, 162, 331, 350,

368, 396passive properties, 10, 55PGENESIS, 349

pgenesis script, 361asynchronous execution, 354, 358barrier, 354deadlock, 354, 377

debugging, 362file I/O, 374lookahead, 367namespace, 353node, 352, 353remote function call, 354, 357script development, 352synchronization, 354, 376threads, 354zone, 353

phase equation model, 134, 140phase plane analysis, 113phase response curve, 138physiologists’ convention, see sign con-

ventions, physiologists’piriform cortex, 150post-hyperpolarization rebound, see anode

breakpostsynaptic potential, 79, 86–95

excitatory, 89inhibitory, 89nonlinearity of, 87, 93, 95

propagation delay, 247, 248, 292propagation velocity, 71, 292proprioceptors, 131PSP, see postsynaptic potential

RA, see specific, axial resistanceRa, see axial resistanceRallpacks benchmarks, 15rate constant, 37, 44, 120, 230, 311receptor, 171, 172

G protein coupled, 172ligand-gated ion channel, 172

refractory periodabsolute, 49, 249, 258relative, 49

rest potential, 11, 114, 219reversal potential, see equilibrium poten-

tial

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INDEX 457

rheobase current, 48RM , see specific, membrane resistanceRm, see membrane resistance

Script Language Interpreter, 19, 211Scripts directory, 22, 204second messenger, 170SI, see units, SIsigmoidal, 40, 96, 104sign conventions, 12, 35, 311

physiologists’, 35, 82, 156signaling pathway, 169, 170, 172–175

adenylyl cyclase, 170G protein activation, 170ligand-gated, 170modeling, 175protein kinase A activation, 170

silent inhibition, see synapse, silentSLI, see Script Language Interpreterspace clamp, 31space constant, 58, 61specific

axial resistance, 57, 218membrane capacitance, 57, 114, 218membrane resistance, 57, 82, 114, 218

state variable, 40, 46, 102, 115, 117, 120,230, 303, 304

stiff equations, 335synapse, 12, 55

dendrodendritic, 75, 326fast, 85inhibitory, 88silent, 86–88, 94slow, 88

synaptic coupling, 138, 248, 287, 400synaptic plasticity, 13synaptic weight, 13, 91, 163, 247, 287,

294

T-current, see conductance, low thresholdcalcium

temporal summation, 89, 91, 92time constants

equalizing, 61membrane, see membrane, time con-

stantpeeling of, 61

time step, see numerical integration, timestep

transient potassium conductance, see con-ductance, A-current

Traub model, 121, 201tridiagonal matrix, 337Tritonia, 132tutorial simulations, see GENESIS tutori-

als

units, 218physiological, 82, 218, 311SI, 82, 218, 311

Vm, see membrane potentialvoltage clamp, 31, 41, 43

widget, see XODUS widgets

XODUS, 19, 22, 209, 382colorscales, 390, 393events, 394�� � ( �&� � option, 211, 223, 388, 394

XODUS widgets, 23axis, 389button, 24, 210cell, 394coredraw, 384dialog box, 24, 228draw, 280, 382, 385dumbdraw, 384form, 23, 209geometry fields, 226

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458 INDEX

gif, 389graph, 209, 384label, 227pix, 383, 387plot, 389shape, 389sphere, 388toggle, 24, 249transformations, 385tree, 394var, 390view, 393


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