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8/8/2019 Action Research Data Collection 06
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Data Collection
Action Research Workshop
July 25, 2006Prepared by Margarida Southard, Ph.D
8/8/2019 Action Research Data Collection 06
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Data Collection
This section will help you todetermine what data is needed and
how to develop a data collectionplan for your action research.
8/8/2019 Action Research Data Collection 06
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Three Important Qualities
Validity
Reliability
Generalizability
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Triangulation
Collect data from morethan one source, atmore than one point intime.
Using three sources of
data to paint a pictureabout whatever you are
studying is calledtriangulation.
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Steps in Data Collection
Determine what data is needed
Select data sources and/or
techniques for gathering data
Identify key performance
targets (dependent variable)
Develop data collection plan
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Key questions for selecting
data sources
Does it suit the research question youhave in mind?
Can you afford the time to gather,record, and reflect using this technique?
Will a different source provide more
appropriate data?
Will the data be available on time?
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DATA SOURCES Attendance rates Interviews
Weekly assessments Student participation rates
Tests, quizzes, homework Performance assessment results
Observational notes Student’ portfolio of daily work
Rubrics/scales/checklists Student projects
Student, staff, parent surveys Referral Rates
Discipline incidents Diaries/journalFocus Group findings Logs (meetings, excursion).
Report card/Grade Book Photography/Videotape
Lesson Plans Time-on-task analysis
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Rating Scales/Rubrics
Checklists: To indicate the absence orpresence of a particular behavior orproduct.
Numerical Scale: The rater uses anumerical scale, such as 1 to 5 to judge
specific traits of a performance, process,or program.
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Rating Scale/Rubrics
Qualitative Scale: Rely on descriptionrather than numbers to interpretperformance of a student. These scalesvary from a single word summary todetailed categorical descriptions.
Example: Poor, Acceptable, Good,
Excellent
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Achievement Tests
Norm-referenced tests (FCAT NRT,SAT/10).
Criterion-referenced tests (FCAT SSS,
Writes Upon Request). Tests developed by teachers.
Tests developed by publishers(Compass, Success Pearson, STAR,
Accelerated Reader, DIBELS).
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Written Surveys Favorite data-gathering technique
for action research.
Used to collect information todescribe, compare, and explain
knowledge, attitudes, perceptionsor behavior.
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Survey Questions
You must ask questions that are:
valid and reliable
understandable quick to complete
able to get the first response from the respondent
Consider disaggregation and confidentiality
issues
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Surveys: Helpful hints in
Developing the Questions
Remember your survey’s purpose
Keep your questions simple Place easy items at the beginning
Difficult items in the middle Sensitive items in the middle
Avoid leading questions
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More on writing good survey
questions ..
Avoid double barreled items (itemswith two questions in one item)
Avoid jargon or complex words Consider using open questions
Consider a “Don’t Know” response Provide a meaningful scale
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Some Bad Items and
Interesting Responses
Where were you born? In a hospital
Are you a natural born citizenof the U.S? no cesarean
What was your length of residence in your hometown?about 40 feet
Would you use a bathroomsanitizer? Yes we need sanity in the bathroom
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Interviews
Advantages over questionnaires Permits greater depth.
Permits probing.
Make it possible to establishrapport.
Appropriate for children.
Disadvantages
Time consuming and expensive.
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Focus Group
Focus group is a prompted discussionthat provides a method of data-collection in which ten to twelve
participants gather together to discussissues with which they are familiar.
Advantage of focus groups overone-to-one interviews
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Sampling
Process by which subjects/cases are selectedfor study.
Involves selecting small group (sample) of cases from a large group of cases(population).
One way to insure that the sample will berepresentative of the larger population is to
draw a random sample.
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Preparing the Data Collection
Plan: The 6 W’s
WHY are we collecting this data? WHAT exactly are we collecting?
WHO are the subjects? WHERE will we collect the data?
WHEN are we going to collect? WHO is going to collect?