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Activated Sludge

The Good the Bad and the Ugly

Steve Aiken

Senior Project Manager, Stantec Consulting - Michigan

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Overview of the talk

Background (2 min)

Overview on Activated Sludge (8 min) Touch on Nitrification (5 min)

Foaming (10 min) Bulking sludge (10 min)

Organisms in Activated Sludge (5 min)

Questions/Comments (throughout the talk)

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Background

Michigan Class A Municipal License (1979)

10 Different Industrial Licenses

BS Degree Civil Engineering (1980)

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BackgroundBackground37 Years of Experience operating/managingaround 50 different treatment plants also

involved in engineering design and projectmanagement during my tenure

Extended Aeration 24Conventional Activated Sludge 5

2 Stage Activated Sludge 2

SBRs 9

Complete Nitrification/Denit 2A/O Process Activated Sludge 1

UV/OX 1Lagoon 2

Water Plants 4

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It Could Be that the Purpose of Your Life is Only to

Serve as a Warning to Others

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Overview of Activated Sludge

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BOD5 Removal

Hetrorophic Bacteria

Absorbed Organics

Cell

New Cells

Cell Membrane

Products of Synthesis

Adsorbed Products

NH3 CO2H2O

Soluble Organics

Products of Respiration

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What is the activated sludge process?

Air

Aeration

tank

Secondary

clarifier

Influent MLSS Effluent

Return Activated Sludge

Waste Activated Activated Sludge

Conventional Process

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Biological Phosphorus Removal

Aeration

tankSecondary

clarifier

MLSS

Air

Anaerobic Tank

Mixing

Influent Effluent

Return Activated Sludge

Waste Activated Activated Sludge

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Nitrification / Denitrification

Aeration

tankSecondary

clarifier

MLSS

Air

Anoxic Tank

Mixing

Influent Effluent

Internal Recycle

Return Activated Sludge

Waste Activated Activated Sludge

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Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

Fill (mixing with or without air)

Decant

Settle

React

Time

Idle

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Oxidation Ditch

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NH3

-N Removal

Autotrophic Bacteria

Ammonia Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen

NitrobactorNitrosomonas

Autotrophic Bacteria can consume inorganic material as a food source

Nitrification

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Nitrosomonas at 1000x

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FOAM

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FOAM

When things go well

Trouble coming

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Foam Goes Wild

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Foam

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Microthrix Parvicella (m. Parvicella)

F/M can be lowered by increased sludge wasting Reducing sludge age helps. If possible increase grease

and fat control on the influent if applicable

use of a selector

Extensive chlorination or RAS chlorination can be

used Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAX)

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Before and After PAX addition

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Nocardia

F/M can be lowered by increased sludge wasting Reducing sludge age helps. If possible increase grease

and fat control on the influent if applicable

use of a selector

Extensive chlorination or RAS chlorination should

definitely be considered Aeration tank design ALWAYS Overflow the

tank

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Nocardia

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Bulking Sludge

D i t fil t t i di t f diti

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Dominant filament types as indicators of conditions

causing activated sludge bulking and foaming

Suggested Causative Conditions Indicative Filament Types

Low DO

Low F/M

Septic Wastewater/Sulfide

Nutrient Deficiency

Low pH

Type 1701, S. natans, .H. hydrossis

M. parvicellaH. hydrossis,

Nocardia sp.

Types 021N, 0041, 0675, 0092,0581, 0961, 0803, 1863

Thiothrixsp., Beggiatoaand type 021N

Thiothrixsp., S. natansType 021N, and possibly H.hydrossis and types 0041 and0675.

fungi

Richard, et. al., 1982al aStrom and J enkins, 1984.

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Setting test

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Aeration Tank Sett ling

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1/1 1/16 1/31 2/15 3/1 3/16 3/31 4/15 4/30 5/15 5/30 6/14 6/29 7/14 7/29 8/13 8/28 9/12 9/27 10/12 10/27 11/11 11/26 12/11 12/26

SVI

Sludge Volume Index (SVI)

O i i A i d Sl d

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Organisms in Activated Sludge

Good Floc 100x

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Good Floc 100x

S i 200

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Suctorian 200x

St lk d Cilli 100

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Stalked Cillia 100x

St lk d Cilli 100

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Stalked Cillia 100x

Stalked Cillia 100

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Stalked Cillia 100x

Rotifer

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Rotifer

Zoogloea Mass with India Ink at

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Zoogloea Mass with India Ink at

1000x

m Parvicella 1000x

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m Parvicella 1000x

m Parvicella at 1000x

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m. Parvicella at 1000x

T 0581 Filament at 1000x

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T-0581 Filament at 1000x

T 0914 Filament at 1000x

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T-0914 Filament at 1000x

T-0041 Filament at 1000x

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T-0041 Filament at 1000x

T-0675 Filament at 1000x

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T-0675 Filament at 1000x

T-1863 Filament at 1000x

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T-1863 Filament at 1000x

Type 0092

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yp

Type O21N

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yp

Beggiatoa

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Beggiatoa

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Dr. Michael Richard

Wastewater Microbiology Consulting

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gy g

Phone - 970 223-6571

email - michaelrichard@mrwwm.comContact mrwwm.com for sample delivery

Microscopic Analysis $350

Polysaccharide Test $200

Thank You

&Questions