Today
1
Charger
Active balancing DC‐DC
DrivetrainDC‐DC
HV‐to‐LV DC‐DC
12V battery,Lights, Electronics, …
AC motor drive
Options (U.S.)AC Level 1: 120Vrms ACAC Level 2: 240Vrms AC
DC
Continue: Charging infrastructure and chargers
• Charging standards: AC Levels 1, 2, DC• An example AC Level 1,2 charger: power electronics and control
Charger implementation
2
Power electronics textbook, Chapter 18, PWM rectifiers
Ideal lossless rectifier
3
Unity power factor rectifier operation
4
Inherent loss‐free resistor behavior
5
Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) Flyback (buck‐boost, SEPIC, Ćuk)
Active unity power factor control loops
6
Power electronics textbook, Section 6.3
DC‐DC Converter: full‐bridge isolated buck
converter example
Batterysystem
7
Full‐bridge isolated buck converter operating
waveforms
8
Batterysystem
DC‐DC converter: control loops
9
Research and development directions
10
• Fast DC chargers
• Charge management• Minimize cost
• Utilize excess generation from renewables
• Minimize stress on electric power distribution
• Minimize impact on battery life
• Vehicle‐to‐grid V2G concepts
• Inductive (wireless) charging
Grid‐Interactive DC‐Link PV Charging StationCU‐Boulder project sponsored by DOE/Hawaii Renewable Energy Development Venture
• Ultra high-efficiency (>98%) DC charging of EV’s and PHEV’s directly from the PV array and/or from the grid
• Re-use of resources, reduced cost
• Improved grid integration of PV power system, controlled ramp rates
EVUtility Control
PHEV
Grid‐interactive inverter
Fast (Level‐3)
DC Chargers
10kWh packcharger
CU‐Boulder CoPEC lab test setup
DC bus (500 V)
Wireless (inductive) EV Charging
12
Stationary
In‐motion