ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICELECTURE-9

ACTIVE-PASSIVE VOICE :

GENERAL RULE:

Rajesh teaches English and French.

English and French are taught by Rajesh.

BASIC RULES TO CHANGE THE VOICE

1) Identify the Subject, Object, Verb and Phrases

2) Interchange the position of subject and object

3) Apply the verb format according to the tense

NOTE — There are four tenses that can't be changed to the passive voice

a) Future continuous tense

b) Present perfect continuous tense

C) Past perfect continuous tense

d) Future perfect continuous tense

Guess which sentences are in Active and which in Passive:

• Somebody has dropped a glass.

• She has been taught by Vinod Sir.

• India's case was vindicated by Pakistan's action.

• He is writing a story.

• Virat Kohli has left out the bowler for the next match.

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — I

a) is/am/are + V3

b) Was/ were + V3

C) Modal + be + V3

This combination is used to convert simple tenses:

Simple Present,Simple Past and Simple Future respectively

Examples:

Active: Sonia sings Bollywood songs. Passive: Bollywood songs are sung by Sonia

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — II

a) is /am/ are + being +V3

b) was/were + being + V3

C) Modal + being + V3

This combination is used to convert continuous tenses:

Present Continuous, Past Continuous and Future Continuous respectively.

Examples:

Active: Sunil is writing a letter to his friend. (Present continuous Active)Passive: A letter is being written to his friend by Sunil. (Present continuous Passive)

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — III

Examples:

Active: The group will be discussing the terms of the agreement tomorrow.(Future Continuous Active)

Passive: you dont have.(Future continuous passive )

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

passive Combination — III

a) Has/ have + been + V3

b) Had + been + V3

C) Modal + have been + V3

This combination is used to convert perfect tenses:

Present Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect respectively.

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — III

Examples:

Active: The postman has delivered the letter to the old lady. Passive: The letter has been delivered to the old lady by the postman.(PresentPerfect Passive)

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — III

Examples:

Active: Reema had had dinner by then.(Past Perfect Active)Passive: Dinner had been had by then by Reema.

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

Passive Combination — III

Examples:

Active: The team will have constructed the house in three months.Passive: The house will have been constructed in three months by the team.(FuturePerfect Passive)

Active — Passive Conversion:

Tense conversion:

There are only three sets of passive combinations of verbs.

We do not have any passive combination for active Perfect Continuous Tenses.

Therefore, PERFECT CONTINUOUS tenses have NO

passive voice.

Q. Change the voice:

1. She wears spectacles.

2. He bought some furniture.

3. You may forget this incident soon.

4. I am washing clothes.

5. They were throwing the garbage on the road.

Q. Change the voice:

1. She wears spectacles.

Spectacles are worn by her.

2. He bought some furniture.

Some furniture was bought by him.

3. You may forget this incident soon.

This incident may be forgotten by you soon.

4. I am washing clothes.

Clothes are being washed by me. toe-

5. They were throwing the garbage on the road.

The garbage was being thrown on the road by them.

Voice (Advanced)

RULE 1 Phrases are always remain the same in both the voices

however we should take care of their positions.

E.g:

Active: Rahul helped that girl wearing a blue saree.Passive: That girl wearing a blue saree was helped by Rahul.Active: His grandfather bought that stool with 3 legsPassive: That stool with 3 legs was bought by his grandfather.

RULE 2 : Whenever there are two obj in a sentence we can change the sentence to the passive voice in two ways.

E.g.1

Active: My brother gave me a book. Passive: I was given a book by my brother.Passive: A book was given to me by my brother.E.g.2 Active: Has the principal awarded them the first prize?passive: Has the first prize been awarded to them by the principal? Passive: Have they been awarded the first prize by the principal? E.g.3

Active: My father presented me a bite. Passive: A bike was presented to me by my father. Passive: I was presented a bike by my father.

RULE 3 : Whenever the sub in the active voice is a noun or a pronoun that can be understood or pronouns like somebody,

someone, something, nobody, no one, nothing, anybody,

anyone, anything, everybody,everyone, everything we need not

mention them in the passive voice.

E.g.1

Active: The police have arrested him Passive: He has been arrested. Vutet E.g.2

Active: Everyone should respect elders. Passive: Elders should be respetted.

E.g.3

Active: The pilot landed the plane safely. Passive: The plane was landed safely. E.g.4

Somebody Informed me in the morning that thieves had stolen my neighbor's car last

night.

Passive: I was Informed in the morning that my neighbor's car had been stolen lastnight.

RULE 4 : Whenever the sub in the active voice is negative indefinite pronoun like nobonothing or no one we change the entire sentence to the negative in the passive voice.

E.g.1

Active: Nobody can change destiny Passive: Destiny can't be changed E.g.2

Active: No one saw her going out,Passive: She wasnt seen going out.

E.g.3

Active: Nothing has changed him in all these years Passive: He has not been changed in all these years. E.g. 4

Active: Is no one taking tea today?Passive: Isn't tea being taken today?

I did not trust anybody.

A. Nobody was trusted by me.

B. Anybody had been trusted by me.

C. Nobody would be trusted by me.

D. Nobody has been trusted by me.

The boys killed the snake with a stick.

A. The snake was killed by the boys with a stick.

B. A stick was killed by the boys with a snake.

C. A snake with a stick was killed by the boys.

D. A snake is killed by the boys with a stick

I had sold the old newspapers.

A. The old newspapers have been sold by me.

B. The old newspapers had sold by me.

C. The old newspapers had being sold by me.

D. The old newspapers had been sold by me.

I had never seen such a lovely sightt-efore.

A. Such a lovely sight had never been seen by me before.

B. Such a lovely sight had not been seen by me before.

C. Such a lovely sight had never been saw by me before.

D. Never had been seen by me before such a lovely sight.

How can I serve my country?

A. How can my country be served by me?

B. How my country can be served by me?

C. How can my country being served by me?

D. How could my country be served by me?

Sayali gave the beggar an old sari.

A. An old sari was given to Sayali by the beggar.

B. An old sari was given to the beggar by Sayali.

C. The beggar was being given an old sari by Sayali.

D. The beggar had to be given an old sari by Sayali.

The plants have been watered by the gardener.

A. The gardener is watering the plants.

B. The gardener has been watering the plants.

C. The gardener has watered the plants.

D. The gardener had watered the plants.

Somebody has drunk all the milk.

A. All the milk has been drunk.

B. All the milk has been drank.

C. All the milk had been drunken.

D. All the milk must have been drink.

His footsteps should be followed.

A. We follow his footsteps.

B. We should follow his footsteps.

C. We must follow his footsteps.

D. We followed his footsteps.

RULE 5: We do not always use preposition "by" in the passive voice instead we use "at", "to", "with", according to the verb in the sentence.

E.g. 1

Active: Mohan married Sonia in 2015. Passive: Sonia was married to Mohan in 2015.

Eg. 3

Active: 200 rooms comprise this hotel. Passive: This hotel is comprised of 200 rooms. Eg. 4

Active: A strong blow killed the thief Passive: The thief was killed with a strong blow. Eg. 5

Active: The news shocked us. Passive: We were shocked at the news.

RULE 6: Phrasal verbs should be written along with the preposition in both the voices.

E.g. 1 Active: My mother disposed of the furniture. Passive: The furniture was disposed of by my mother.E.g. 2

active: Everyone will laugh at you. Passive: You will be laughed at. E.g. 3

Active: The government can't dispense with computers Passive: Computers can't be dispensed with by the government.

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