Active Transport
Ch 8
It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of ______ concentration to an area of_High_____ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _active transport_.
Low
Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient.
Active transport requires ____________.
AGAINST
ENERGY
The energy for active transport comes from ______ (Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria.
ATP
This process requires specialized proteins, which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it.
Carrier
Example: Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.
Summary of Passive and Active Transport:
&Osmosis
Thus, far we have talked about the movement of ________ particles traveling across the membrane.
small
However, __________ particles are able to cross to and do so by any of these four active transport processes:
Large
• 1) Exocytosis• 2) Endocytosis• 3) Pinocytosis• 4) Phagocytosis
Root Greek or Latin meaning
Endo- inside, within
Exo- external, out
Phago- eat
Pino- drink
Endocytosis vs Exocytosis:
BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY
Large particles are transported across the membrane in membrane bound vesicles.
Plasma membrane
Endocytosis:• The process where a cell surrounds and takes ____ material from its environments.
• The particle does not pass through the membrane, it is simply __________ and enclosed
engulfed
in
Exocytosis:• The reverse process where materials are ____________ or secreted from a cell.
• This is used to ____________ and secreted substances (ex: hormones) produced by the cell.
expelled
rid wastes
• When exocytosis is getting rid of cell wastes, the process is called ___________
• When exocytosis is pushing useful substances out of the cell, then the process is known as ____________
excretion
secretion
Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis
Both take materials IN
Pinocytosis:
• Pinocytosis is when the cell ________.
• Pinocytosis deals with __________.
• Pinocytosis is a process that is happening all of the time.
pinches
liquids
(DRINKS)
• The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell.
Pinocytosis:
• Phagocytosis is when the cell _________
• Phagocytosis deals with _________.
• Once the vesicle has formed, it travels into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with ___________ that will kill and digest the engulfed material.
solids
engulfs
lysosome
Phagocytosis:
Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells
Phagocytosis:
• Phagocytosis is process the human body uses to destroy dead or foreign _______.cells